Insulating part, cable and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cables, and provides an insulating part, a cable and a vehicle. The insulating part provided by the invention comprises the heat-conducting insulating layer and the base body, at least part of the surface of the base body is provided with the heat-conducting insulating layer, the material component of the heat-conducting insulating layer comprises the heat-conducting nanoparticles, and a cable with good reliability and good electrical safety is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of cables, and in particular to an insulating member, a cable and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] High-voltage cables are critical components in high-voltage transmission, but they typically operate in harsh environmental conditions ranging from -80°C to -40°C. High-voltage cables on vehicles are subject to a wide range of speeds, variable road conditions, high voltages, and high currents, exposing the insulation components of these cables to frequent temperature fluctuations. Existing high-voltage cable insulation is prone to forming heat channels and dielectric breakdown, resulting in poor reliability and safety. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present application aims to solve the problems of poor reliability and low safety of insulating components of existing cables, and proposes an insulating component, a cable and a vehicle.

[0004] On one hand, the present application provides an insulating member, comprising a heat-conducting insulating layer and a substrate, wherein the heat-conducting insulating layer is at least partially provided on a surface of the substrate, and the material component of the heat-conducting insulating layer comprises heat-conducting nanoparticles.

[0005] In some optional embodiments, the mass percentage of the thermally conductive insulating layer is 10 wt % to 20 wt %.

[0006] In some optional embodiments, the thickness of the thermally conductive insulating layer is 10-100 nm.

[0007] In some optional embodiments, the mass percentage of the thermally conductive nanoparticles is 6 wt % to 15 wt %.

[0008] In some alternative embodiments, the thermally conductive nanoparticles are boron nitride nanoparticles.

[0009] In some optional embodiments, the boron nitride nanoparticles are hexagonal boron nitride particles with expanded interlayer spacing.

[0010] In some optional embodiments, the size of the thermally conductive nanoparticles is 30 nm to 80 nm.

[0011] In some optional embodiments, the thermally conductive nanoparticles are made by modifying hexagonal boron nitride.

[0012] In some optional embodiments, the modifier of hexagonal boron nitride includes at least one of the following: silane, titanate, and zirconate.

[0013] In some optional embodiments, the mass percentage of the matrix is ​​80 wt % to 90 wt %.

[0014] In some optional embodiments, the material of the matrix is ​​cross-linked polyethylene.

[0015] In some optional embodiments, the material component of the thermally conductive insulation layer further includes an antioxidant.

[0016] In some alternative embodiments, the antioxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene.

[0017] In some optional embodiments, the weight percentage of the antioxidant is 1 wt % to 1.5 wt %.

[0018] In some optional embodiments, the material component of the thermally conductive insulation layer further includes a flame retardant.

[0019] In some alternative embodiments, the flame retardant is an inorganic flame retardant.

[0020] In some optional embodiments, the mass percentage of the flame retardant is 2.5 wt % to 4 wt %.

[0021] In some optional embodiments, the material components of the thermally conductive insulation layer further include a compounding agent.

[0022] In some optional embodiments, the compounding agent includes at least one of the following: barium titanate nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene nanoparticles.

[0023] In some optional embodiments, the mass percentage concentration of the compounding agent is 0.1%-5.0%.

[0024] In some optional embodiments, the specific heat capacity of the insulating member is 1.8 J / g°C to 2 J / g°C.

[0025] On the other hand, the present application provides a cable, comprising a conductor and the insulating member, wherein the insulating member covers at least a portion of the outer surface of the conductor.

[0026] Another aspect of the present application provides a vehicle, which includes the cable.

[0027] In summary, this application can at least achieve the following technical effects:

[0028] The insulating part of the present application is obtained by at least partially disposing a thermally conductive insulating layer on the surface of the substrate. The thermally conductive nanoparticles in the thermally conductive insulating layer give the insulating part good thermal conductivity, thereby obtaining an insulating part with good thermal conductivity, avoiding dielectric breakdown, and improving the reliability and electrical safety of the insulating part. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 Is a schematic diagram of the insulating member in this application Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 2 Is a schematic diagram of the insulating member in this application Figure 2 ;

[0031] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the cable in this application;

[0032] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the vehicle in this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following describes in detail embodiments of the present application, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0034] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0035] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. Throughout the description of this application, "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0036] In this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0037] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0038] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0039] Example 1:

[0040] Embodiment 1 of the present application provides an insulating component, comprising a thermally conductive insulating layer and a substrate. The thermally conductive insulating layer is at least partially provided on a surface of the substrate, and the material component of the thermally conductive insulating layer includes thermally conductive nanoparticles.

[0041] By at least partially arranging the thermally conductive insulating layer on the surface of the substrate, the thermally conductive nanoparticles in the thermally conductive insulating layer give the insulating member good thermal conductivity, thereby obtaining an insulating member with good thermal conductivity, avoiding dielectric breakdown, and improving the reliability and electrical safety of the insulating member.

[0042] Thermally conductive nanoparticles are functional fillers used to improve the thermal conductivity of insulating components. They reduce interfacial thermal resistance by building a thermal network, and their properties directly influence the thermal conductivity of the material. Adding nano-sized metallic or non-metallic thermally conductive particles to the coating of an insulating component's substrate can significantly improve the overall thermal conductivity of the insulating component.

[0043] In some optional embodiments, the mass percentage of the thermally conductive insulating layer is 10 wt % to 20 wt %.

[0044] The mass percentage of the thermally conductive insulating layer is the ratio of the thermally conductive insulating layer to the mass of the insulating component. If the mass percentage of the thermally conductive insulating layer is less than 10wt%, the dielectric breakdown performance of the insulating component is poor. If the mass percentage of the thermally conductive insulating layer is greater than 20wt%, the insulating component becomes bulky and heavy, which affects its usability.

[0045] In some optional embodiments, the thickness of the thermally conductive insulating layer is 10-100 nm.

[0046] If the thickness of the thermally conductive insulating layer exceeds 100 nm, adhesion will occur, and if the thickness of the thermally conductive insulating layer is less than 10 nm, the probability of dielectric breakdown will increase.

[0047] In some optional embodiments, the mass percentage of the thermally conductive nanoparticles is 6 wt % to 15 wt %.

[0048] The mass percentage of thermally conductive nanoparticles refers to the mass fraction of the thermally conductive nanoparticles in the insulation component. If the mass percentage of thermally conductive nanoparticles is less than 6wt%, the insulation component's thermal conductivity will not be effectively improved. If the mass percentage of thermally conductive nanoparticles is greater than 15wt%, the insulation component's flame retardancy and other properties cannot be guaranteed.

[0049] In some alternative embodiments, the thermally conductive nanoparticles are boron nitride nanoparticles.

[0050] The positive temperature coefficient characteristics of boron nitride nanoparticles are mainly reflected in their thermal properties. Boron nitride (BN) has the characteristics of high heat resistance, high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient. Specifically: In air, the oxidation resistance temperature of boron nitride is as high as 900 ° C. In an inert environment, its decomposition temperature can reach 1800-2000 ° C, which has high heat resistance. Boron nitride has good thermal conductivity and is one of the materials with the best thermal conductivity among ceramic materials. The expansion coefficient of boron nitride is 10 -6 , second only to quartz, the lowest among ceramics.

[0051] Boron nitride nanoparticles have a hexagonal crystal structure similar to graphene, with ultra-high in-plane and out-of-plane thermal conductivity and excellent dielectric insulation properties. These properties enable boron nitride to exhibit excellent stability and thermal conductivity in high-temperature environments. As a component of the thermally conductive insulation layer, the thermally conductive nanoparticles can effectively improve the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) performance of the insulating component, resulting in an insulating component with good thermal conductivity, avoiding dielectric breakdown, and improving the reliability and electrical safety of the insulating component. The use of boron nitride nanoparticles as thermally conductive nanoparticles has excellent radiation resistance and can effectively improve the radiation resistance of the insulating material, solving the problem of less than ideal synergistic effect after adding anti-radiation agents in the prior art.

[0052] In some optional embodiments, the boron nitride nanoparticles are hexagonal boron nitride particles with expanded interlayer spacing.

[0053] The positive temperature coefficient (PTC) of hexagonal boron nitride (Eh-BN) particles with expanded interlayer spacing is primarily reflected in the temperature-dependent changes in their thermal and electrical conductivity. Specifically, as the temperature of Eh-BN particles increases, their thermal and electrical conductivity change, demonstrating a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect.

[0054] The thermal conductivity of Eh-BN increases when the temperature rises. This is because the expansion of the interlayer spacing reduces the interaction between the layers, making heat transfer easier, thereby improving thermal conductivity.

[0055] Although hexagonal boron nitride itself is non-conductive, its conductivity is affected by temperature. While the specific mechanism is complex, it can be speculated that under certain conditions, increasing the interlayer spacing may affect electron transport, thereby affecting the change in conductivity.

[0056] Eh-BN refers to a material in which the interlayer spacing of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) particles is increased through treatment methods such as intercalation technology. The interlayer spacing is expanded by introducing other substances (such as organic molecules, inorganic ions, etc.) between the hexagonal boron nitride layers.

[0057] Eh-BN has good thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance, and can effectively improve the thermal conductivity of insulating parts and enhance electrical safety.

[0058] In some optional embodiments, the size of the thermally conductive nanoparticles is 30 nm to 80 nm.

[0059] The size of the thermally conductive nanoparticles is less than 30 nm. If the size of the thermally conductive nanoparticles is too small, the grain boundaries and defects will increase, and the thermal conductivity will deteriorate. If the size of the thermally conductive nanoparticles is greater than 80 nm, the specific surface area will decrease, and the thermal conductivity will decrease.

[0060] In some optional embodiments, the thermally conductive nanoparticles are made by modifying hexagonal boron nitride.

[0061] Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has a layered structure in which each boron atom is covalently bonded to three nitrogen atoms, and vice versa, forming a "honeycomb" or hexagonal lattice structure similar to graphene, a material often referred to as "white graphene."

[0062] Eh-BN is obtained by subjecting h-BN to urea stripping, deionized water washing, centrifugation, ultrasonication, and ball milling. The size of hexagonal boron nitride is reduced from 100nm to 400nm to 30nm to 80nm. h-BN is chemically modified with chemical reagents, reacting it with silane, titanate, or zirconate to introduce functional groups. By controlling the reaction conditions, uniformly distributed Eh-BN is obtained.

[0063] The interlayer thickness of h-BN is primarily determined by the strength of the covalent bonds between atoms within the layers and the interlayer van der Waals forces. Due to the large electronegativity difference between boron and nitrogen atoms, the covalent bonds formed between them have strong polarity, making the intralayer structure relatively stable. However, the weak van der Waals forces between the layers make it easy for the layers to slide or peel off, which is one of the reasons why h-BN has excellent lubricity. Furthermore, the layered structure of h-BN also determines its high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation in specific directions.

[0064] h-BN possesses high heat resistance, high thermal conductivity, a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and chemical stability. h-BN is stable at high temperatures, reaching temperatures up to 2000°C and even subliming at 3000°C. Hot-pressed h-BN ceramics have an excellent thermal conductivity of approximately 33W / m·k. h-BN also has a low coefficient of thermal expansion and good dimensional stability. It also exhibits excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance, making it suitable for use in a variety of harsh environments.

[0065] Due to its unique lamellar structure and low self-diffusion coefficient, h-BN is a ceramic material that is difficult to densify. Currently, the commonly used preparation methods for h-BN ceramics are pressureless sintering (PLS), hot pressing sintering (HP), and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The PLS process is simple, low-cost, and highly efficient, and can be used to mass-produce large-sized and complex-shaped products. However, its disadvantage is that the prepared products have low density and poor mechanical properties, and can only meet non-load-bearing uses. HP is generally considered to be a relatively ideal sintering method for preparing h-BN ceramics, because the external driving force can destroy the card support structure of the flaky h-BN and promote the rearrangement of the h-BN grains, thereby obtaining h-BN ceramic sintered products with high density and excellent mechanical properties. The sintering principle of the SPS method is similar to that of hot pressing sintering, but its heating method is different from hot pressing sintering, and its heating and cooling rates are faster, which can achieve ceramic sintering in a shorter time, thereby effectively suppressing grain growth.

[0066] In some optional embodiments, the modifier of hexagonal boron nitride includes at least one of the following: silane, titanate, and zirconate.

[0067] Silanes are silicon-based, with side chains containing organic groups such as methyl and amino groups. They primarily modify organic compounds and have excellent solubility. They also possess excellent heat resistance and corrosion resistance.

[0068] Titanates are based on the element titanium, with side chains containing organic groups such as acrylic acid and hydroxyl groups. Titanates are primarily used to modify fillers and enhance the performance of composite materials. They have a large surface area and excellent wettability. They can improve interfacial adhesion by forming a more durable coating. They also promote cross-linking reactions, enhancing hardness and wear resistance.

[0069] Zirconates stand out for their exceptional heat resistance and play an indispensable role in high-temperature composite and refractory applications. Zirconates' high-temperature stability makes them an irreplaceable asset in specialty applications.

[0070] In some optional embodiments, the mass percentage of the matrix is ​​80 wt % to 90 wt %.

[0071] The mass percentage of the matrix refers to the mass fraction of the matrix, that is, the mass share of the matrix in the insulation. Matrix materials include polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), and fluoroplastics. PVC is a base resin commonly used for insulation and sheathing of wires and cables. It has good mechanical properties, chemical corrosion resistance, and insulating properties. PE is divided into low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE). PE has excellent insulation resistance, voltage strength, and wear and heat aging resistance, and is suitable for wires and cables of various voltage levels, especially high-voltage cables.

[0072] In some optional embodiments, the matrix is ​​made of cross-linked polyethylene. XLPE cross-links polyethylene molecules chemically or physically, improving its thermal stability, mechanical strength, and aging resistance, making it particularly suitable for the insulation layer of high-voltage and ultra-high-voltage cables.

[0073] In some optional embodiments, the material component of the thermally conductive insulation layer further includes an antioxidant.

[0074] Antioxidants are substances that can inhibit or slow the auto-oxidation rate of polymer materials, thereby extending their service life. In the rubber industry, antioxidants are also called anti-aging agents. Antioxidants can be divided into various types based on their mode of action and molecular structure. Commonly used plastic antioxidants include chain-terminating antioxidants (primary antioxidants) and preventive antioxidants (secondary antioxidants). Based on their molecular structure and mechanism of action, antioxidants can be further divided into hindered phenols, phosphites, thiols, and composites. An ideal antioxidant should possess active hydrogen atoms that are more active than hydrogen atoms on the polymer chain; at the same time, its free radicals should remain stable to avoid triggering new free radical reactions. Furthermore, the antioxidant itself should be difficult to oxidize to prevent itself from being oxidized. When selecting an antioxidant, its properties, particularly discoloration and staining resistance, should be prioritized to ensure the quality and performance of the plastic material.

[0075] By adding antioxidants to the conductive insulating material, the oxidation rate of the insulating parts is reduced, and the light stability and service life of the cable are improved.

[0076] Hindered phenolic antioxidants are the primary antioxidants used in plastics. Their molecular structures include monophenols, bisphenols, polyphenols, and nitrogen-heterocyclic polyphenols. Polyphenolic antioxidants dominate the plastic antioxidant market due to their high molecular weight, good compatibility with plastics, and excellent antioxidant properties. Furthermore, nitrogen-heterocyclic polyphenolic antioxidants not only exhibit excellent antioxidant properties but also possess a certain degree of light stabilization.

[0077] Phosphite antioxidants and sulfur-containing antioxidants act together as auxiliary antioxidants. They can decompose peroxides, chelated metals and Lewis acids, and work synergistically with other antioxidants to impart thermal and light stability to plastics.

[0078] Thio-antioxidants can be divided into thioester antioxidants, thiobisphenol antioxidants, and thioether-type phenolic antioxidants based on their molecular structure. These antioxidants can significantly improve the thermal oxidation stability of plastic materials under high-temperature processing conditions, maintaining the appearance quality of plastic products.

[0079] Thiobisphenol antioxidants, which contain hindered phenol structures in their molecules, exhibit high antioxidant properties and excellent heat resistance. They are often classified as primary antioxidants and are particularly suitable for plastic materials such as cross-linked polyethylene wires and cables.

[0080] When selecting antioxidants, we need to comprehensively consider their discoloration and pollution, volatility, solubility, stability and other factors to ensure that the selected antioxidants can effectively protect plastic materials and increase their service life.

[0081] The physical state of an antioxidant significantly impacts its effectiveness. Liquid, easily emulsifiable antioxidants are easier to incorporate into plastic products, effectively exerting their antioxidant properties. If added in liquid form, a secondary antioxidant can serve as a solvent. If added during polymer synthesis, the antioxidant can be dissolved in the monomer or polymer solvent. Furthermore, the toxicity of antioxidants should not be underestimated. For plastic products that come into direct contact with food, it is crucial to select antioxidants that meet hygienic standards.

[0082] When selecting an antioxidant, several factors must be considered. First, the influence of polymer structure. Polymers of different structures have varying antioxidant capacities, so these factors should be considered when selecting an antioxidant. Secondly, thermal effects should not be ignored. For every 10°C increase in temperature, the oxidation rate approximately doubles. Finally, considering the effects of fatigue and heat-accelerated oxidation, an antioxidant with good heat resistance should be selected.

[0083] In some alternative embodiments, the antioxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene.

[0084] Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a general-purpose phenolic antioxidant with the molecular formula (CH3)3C-C6H4-OH. Used as a non-polluting antioxidant, it effectively inhibits air oxidation, thermal degradation, and copper damage. BHT is a widely used oil-soluble antioxidant both domestically and internationally. It boasts strong antioxidant properties, excellent heat resistance and stability, lacks a characteristic odor, and exhibits no color reaction with metal ions. Furthermore, it is inexpensive.

[0085] In some optional embodiments, the weight percentage of the antioxidant is 1 wt % to 1.5 wt %.

[0086] The weight percentage of an antioxidant refers to its mass fraction, or the percentage by mass of the antioxidant in an insulation component. If the antioxidant's weight percentage is less than 1wt%, the insulation component's required antioxidant performance cannot be met. If the antioxidant's weight percentage is greater than 1.5wt%, the excessive antioxidant content reduces the proportion of other agents, making it impossible to guarantee the insulation's thermal conductivity, flame retardancy, and other properties.

[0087] In some optional embodiments, the material component of the thermally conductive insulation layer further includes a flame retardant.

[0088] Cable combustion is caused by the generation of flammable gases due to external heating. To achieve flame retardancy, the three elements that cause combustion must be suppressed: flammable gases, heat, and oxygen. Therefore, the cable insulation must have excellent flame retardancy to avoid the dangers of external heating.

[0089] Flame retardants, functional additives that impart flame resistance to flammable polymers, are primarily designed for flame retardancy in polymer materials. There are various types of flame retardants, categorized by their application method as additives and reactive types. Insulation components containing flame retardants can slow the spread of flames along cables, preventing fires from spreading and offering a cost-effective solution. When a cable burns, the spread of flames can be controlled within a certain range, thereby preventing major damage caused by fires spreading and improving the fire protection of the electrical system in which the cables are located.

[0090] By adding flame retardants to conductive insulating materials, the insulating parts are made flame retardant, which expands the application scenarios of the insulating parts, increases the life of the insulating parts, and improves the safety of the electrical system in which the insulating parts are located.

[0091] Additive flame retardants are mechanically added to polymers to impart flame retardancy. They primarily include organic and inorganic flame retardants, and both halogen-based and non-halogen-based flame retardants. Organic flame retardants include bromine-based, phosphorus-nitrogen-based, nitrogen-based, and red phosphorus-based compounds. Inorganic flame retardants primarily include antimony trioxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and silicon-based flame retardants.

[0092] Reactive flame retardants participate in the polymerization reaction as a monomer, so that the polymer itself contains flame retardant ingredients. Its advantage is that it has little effect on the performance of the polymer material and the flame retardancy is long-lasting.

[0093] Flame retardants exert their flame retardant effect through several mechanisms, such as heat absorption, covering effect, chain reaction inhibition, asphyxiation of non-flammable gases, etc. Most flame retardants achieve their flame retardant purpose through the combined action of several mechanisms.

[0094] In some alternative embodiments, the flame retardant is an inorganic flame retardant.

[0095] Commonly used inorganic flame retardants include aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, which have the characteristics of good thermal stability, non-toxicity, and non-volatility, thus obtaining environmentally friendly insulation parts.

[0096] Aluminum hydroxide rapidly decomposes into aluminum oxide and water vapor at high temperatures. This process absorbs a significant amount of heat, effectively lowering the material's surface temperature. The resulting water vapor not only dilutes the oxygen concentration but also isolates the diffusion of combustible gases, a dual effect that significantly slows the spread of fire. Similar to aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide decomposes at high temperatures, absorbing significant heat, thereby lowering the temperature of the insulation and preventing the spread of fire.

[0097] After a special surface treatment, aluminum hydroxide particles form a tight interface with substrates such as polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, maintaining their original mechanical strength while improving insulation performance. Furthermore, their low-smoke, non-toxic properties reduce smoke density by over 50% when insulation burns, significantly reducing the risk of secondary damage in a fire.

[0098] Aluminum hydroxide, as a flame retardant, does not contain harmful substances such as halogens and heavy metals and complies with multiple international environmental standards. As countries increasingly demand green building materials, its market demand is growing at an average annual rate of over 8%. It holds broad application prospects in emerging fields such as new energy vehicle cables and photovoltaic cables.

[0099] In some optional embodiments, the mass percentage of the flame retardant is 2.5 wt % to 4 wt %.

[0100] The mass percentage of a flame retardant refers to the mass fraction of the flame retardant, that is, the mass fraction of the flame retardant in the insulation. If the mass percentage of the flame retardant is less than 2.5%, the insulation's flame retardancy requirements cannot be met. If the mass percentage of the flame retardant is greater than 4%, the excessive flame retardant content reduces the proportion of other agents, making it impossible to guarantee the insulation's thermal conductivity, antioxidant properties, and other properties.

[0101] When the matrix is ​​XLPE, the flame retardant is aluminum hydroxide, the thermal conductive nanoparticles are hexagonal boron nitride particles that expand the interlayer spacing, and the antioxidant is BHT, the following three tests are conducted as the ratio of the above reagents and the specific heat capacity parameters of the corresponding insulation parts are as follows:

[0102] Table 1: Experiment 1

[0103]

[0104] Table 2: Experiment 2

[0105]

[0106] Table 3: Experiment 3

[0107]

[0108] In some optional embodiments, the thermally conductive insulating layer further includes a compounding agent.

[0109] During the lamination process, a compounding agent is added to the thermally conductive insulating layer to prevent agglomeration and mechanical defects in the insulating component. For example, the compounding agent can be incorporated into a polymer containing thermally conductive nanoparticles, antioxidants, and / or flame retardants. The lamination method is not specifically limited, and spin coating is an example.

[0110] Spin coating (also known as spin coating) is a coating process that leverages the centrifugal force and gravity generated by the workpiece's rotation to distribute coating droplets across the surface. The spin coating process typically involves three steps: dispensing, high-speed rotation, and volatilization to form a film. The film thickness is controlled by controlling the coating time, rotation speed, droplet volume, and the concentration and viscosity of the solution.

[0111] A thermally conductive insulating layer is applied to the substrate surface using a spin coating process. The spin coating temperature is 100°C-120°C and the spin coating speed is 6000-9000 rpm. This process improves the uniformity of the thermally conductive insulating layer coating on the substrate surface, thereby increasing the insulation's breakdown strength and enhancing its thermal stability, flexibility, and workability.

[0112] In some optional embodiments, the insulating member is prepared as follows:

[0113] Step 1: preparing thermally conductive nanoparticles by modifying hexagonal boron nitride;

[0114] Step 2: Mixing the thermally conductive nanoparticles with an antioxidant and a flame retardant to obtain a thermally conductive insulating mixture;

[0115] Step 3: Mixing the thermally conductive insulating mixture with the compounding agent to obtain a thermally conductive insulating layer;

[0116] Step 4: Spin-coat the thermally conductive insulating layer onto the outer surface of the substrate to obtain a pre-coated insulating member with a thermally conductive insulating layer thickness of 10-100 nm. The spin-coating process involves depositing the thermally conductive insulating layer onto the outer surface of the substrate at a temperature of 100°C to 120°C, a spin-coating speed of 6000-9000 rpm, and varying acceleration, to obtain a uniform thickness of 10-100 nm.

[0117] The acceleration rate varies based on the different ratios of thermally conductive nanoparticles, antioxidants, and flame retardants. When the ratio of thermally conductive nanoparticles, antioxidants, and flame retardants is fixed, the acceleration rate does not need to be changed.

[0118] Step 5: Curing and heat treating the pre-coated insulation to obtain an insulation member. Curing and heat treating can enhance the PTC performance, thermal performance, and insulation performance of the insulation member. Specifically, the pre-coated insulation member is heated to 100-300°C, and the curing and heat treating are controlled by controlling the heating and cooling rates.

[0119] In some optional embodiments, the compounding agent includes at least one of the following: barium titanate nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene nanoparticles.

[0120] Barium titanate nanoparticles have the advantages of high specific surface area, low ignition loss and aging resistance, and can enhance the performance of insulating parts in balancing electric fields, preventing corona discharge and suppressing electromagnetic interference.

[0121] Carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoparticles are carbon materials with nanoscale dimensions. They have advantages such as good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. They can enhance the strength and electrical conductivity of insulating parts, and improve the compressive resistance and electromagnetic compatibility of insulating parts.

[0122] In some optional embodiments, the mass percentage concentration of the compounding agent is 0.1%-5.0%.

[0123] Mass percent concentration is the percentage of solute mass to total solution mass and is often used to express solution concentration. The formula for calculating mass percent concentration is: mass percent concentration = (mass of solute / mass of solution) × 100%.

[0124] A compounding agent concentration below 0.1% by mass prevents high agglomeration during the compounding process, affecting the uniformity of the thermally conductive insulation layer and, consequently, failing to improve the thermal stability and flexibility of the insulation. A compounding agent concentration greater than 5.0% reduces the proportion of other agents, making it impossible to guarantee the insulation's thermal conductivity, flame retardancy, antioxidant properties, and other properties. By controlling the compounding agent concentration between 0.1% and 5.0%, the PTC performance of the insulation is effectively improved.

[0125] In some optional embodiments, the specific heat capacity of the insulating member is 1.8 J / g°C to 2 J / g°C.

[0126] Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance per unit of temperature increase or decrease. The specific heat capacity of cable insulation is crucial for designing and calculating insulation temperature rise and heat transfer. This helps control temperature fluctuations during cable operation and ensures cable safety and reliability.

[0127] Under abnormal operating conditions such as overload and short circuit, cables can experience high temperature rises, which can even cause them to burn out, posing a serious threat to the safety and stability of electrical systems. Cable temperature rise characterizes the temperature increase caused by heat generated by resistance during electrical conduction. The main causes include overloaded operation, insufficient conductor cross-sectional area, improper installation, and insulation aging. Controlling cable temperature rise can effectively ensure the safety and reliability of cable operation and safeguard the normal operation of electrical systems. The formula for calculating cable temperature rise is: ΔT = P / (m*c), where ΔT is the cable temperature rise, m is the cable mass, and c is the cable's specific heat capacity.

[0128] Example 2:

[0129] A second embodiment of the present application provides a cable, comprising a conductor and the insulating member, wherein the insulating member covers at least a portion of the outer surface of the conductor.

[0130] Using thermally conductive nanoparticles with excellent positive temperature coefficient (PTC) as a component of the thermal insulation layer, a high-voltage cable with excellent thermal and electrical properties is achieved. The thermal insulation layer is applied to the substrate surface using spin coating technology, resulting in a cable with a uniform coating thickness. This ensures uniform thermal and electrical performance across the entire cable, improving the cable's reliability and electrical safety.

[0131] Example 3:

[0132] The third embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle, which includes the above-mentioned cable. The application of the above-mentioned cable with good thermal conductivity to the vehicle improves the environmental adaptability, electrical safety and reliability of the vehicle.

[0133] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An insulating member, characterized in that: The invention comprises a heat-conducting insulating layer and a substrate. The heat-conducting insulating layer is at least partially provided on the surface of the substrate. The material component of the heat-conducting insulating layer includes heat-conducting nanoparticles.

2. The insulating member according to claim 1, wherein The mass percentage of the thermally conductive insulating layer is 10 wt % to 20 wt %.

3. The insulating member according to claim 1, wherein The thickness of the thermally conductive insulating layer is 10-100 nm.

4. The insulating member according to claim 1, wherein The mass percentage of the thermally conductive nanoparticles is 6 wt % to 15 wt %.

5. The insulating member according to claim 1, wherein The thermally conductive nanoparticles are boron nitride nanoparticles.

6. The insulating member according to claim 5, wherein The boron nitride nanoparticles are hexagonal boron nitride particles with enlarged interlayer spacing.

7. The insulating member according to claim 1, wherein The size of the thermally conductive nanoparticles is 30 nm to 80 nm.

8. The insulating member according to claim 1, wherein The thermal conductive nanoparticles are prepared by modifying hexagonal boron nitride.

9. The insulating member according to claim 8, wherein The modifier of the hexagonal boron nitride includes at least one of the following: silane, titanate, and zirconate.

10. The insulating member according to claim 1, wherein The material components of the thermally conductive insulating layer also include an antioxidant.

11. The insulating member according to claim 10, wherein The antioxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene.

12. The insulating member according to claim 10, wherein The mass percentage of the antioxidant is 1 wt % to 1.5 wt %.

13. The insulating member according to claim 10, wherein The material components of the thermally conductive insulating layer also include a flame retardant.

14. The insulating member according to claim 13, wherein The flame retardant is an inorganic flame retardant.

15. The insulating member according to claim 13, wherein The mass percentage of the flame retardant is 2.5 wt% to 4 wt%.

16. The insulating member according to claim 1, wherein The material components of the thermally conductive insulating layer also include a compounding agent.

17. The insulating member according to claim 16, wherein The compounding agent includes at least one of the following: barium titanate nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene nanoparticles.

18. The insulating member according to claim 17, wherein The mass percentage concentration of the compounding agent is 0.1%-5.0%.

19. The insulating member according to claim 1, wherein The mass percentage of the matrix is ​​80 wt% to 90 wt%.

20. The insulating member according to claim 1, wherein The material of the matrix is ​​cross-linked polyethylene.

21. The insulating member according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that: The specific heat capacity of the insulating member is 1.8 J / g°C to 2 J / g°C.

22. A cable, characterized in that: The invention comprises a conductor and the insulating member according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the insulating member covers at least a portion of the outer surface of the conductor.

23. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle comprises the cable of claim 22.

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