Ecological pond cleaning and substrate improving method for eriocheir sinensis culture pond

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological pond cleaning and substrate improving method for an eriocheir sinensis culture pond, which comprises the following steps of: after the culture season is ended, draining water, flushing water to suspend bottom mud, cleaning and disinfecting the pond by using quick lime, and then using a biological substrate modifying agent; 10 days after biological bottom modification, draining water in the pond, and drying the pond in the sun; removing excessive sludge layers, and controlling the depth of the sludge layer at the bottom of the pond; thoroughly decomposed and fermented organic fertilizer is evenly scattered, ploughing is conducted, and the pond bottom is covered with the organic fertilizer; covering soil and planting aquatic plants; after the aquatic plants are planted, feeding water into the pond, and using monopotassium phosphate to improve water fertility; and after 2 days, fertilizing water by using bacillus altitudinis, EM bacterial liquid and a water fertilizing agent. According to the method, the processes of flushing, pond cleaning, bottom changing, pond drying, pond airing, desilting, fertilizing, rotary tillage, grass planting, water feeding and water fertilizing are adopted, a biological bottom changing agent and a biological water fertilizing agent are innovatively used, the workload of water feeding and discharging is reduced, the ecological pond cleaning and bottom changing effect is enhanced, and the operation difficulty is lowered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of aquaculture, and in particular to a method for ecological pond cleaning and bottom improvement in Chinese mitten crab aquaculture ponds. Background Art

[0002] The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), commonly known as river crab or hairy crab, is an important economic aquaculture species in my country. River crab farming is widespread, with the middle and lower Yangtze River basin and the Liaohe River basin as the primary production areas. With the exception of a few areas like Beijing and Hainan, river crab farming is practiced in every province and city across China.

[0003] In 2023, the national river crab pond farming area reached nearly 8 million mu (approximately 1.5 acres), with a total production of 888,700 tons. This makes it the most produced farmed crab in my country and the second most farmed shrimp and crab species. In areas such as the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Liaohe River basin, the river crab industry has become a pillar industry in rural areas.

[0004] Currently, river crab farming primarily relies on pond aquaculture, where pond cleaning and pond bottom modification are crucial for successful aquaculture. After a year of pond aquaculture, leftover feed, animal feces, dead animals, and pathogens accumulate at the bottom of the pond. If pond aquaculture continues without cleaning and bottom modification, as water temperatures rise, the large amounts of humus in the water will be decomposed by bacteria, resulting in low dissolved oxygen levels and the release of toxic and harmful substances such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, which damage the aquaculture water. This, in turn, can lead to slow crab growth, frequent disease outbreaks, and a high feed conversion rate, resulting in significant economic losses.

[0005] At present, the mainstream process of pond cleaning and bottom improvement is dredging, pond drying, pond cleaning and disinfection, and water addition and grass planting.

[0006] in,

[0007] 1. Dredging

[0008] After a breeding season, clear excess silt from the bottom of the pond and control the silt depth to about 10 cm.

[0009] 2. Sunbathing pond

[0010] After the dredging work is completed, the pond will be dried. Through freezing and sun exposure, the organic matter in the bottom mud will be oxidized, killing insect eggs, pathogens, etc., reducing the risk of disease transmission.

[0011] 3. Pond cleaning and disinfection

[0012] (1) Pond cleaning with quicklime can be divided into dry method and wet method. ① Dry method: Use 60-75 kg / mu. Drain the pond water, dig a few small pits, pour in quicklime, dissolve it, and sprinkle it over the entire pond while it is still hot. ② Wet method: Leave the pond water depth at about 1m and use 125-150 kg / mu·m of quicklime.

[0013] (2) Pond cleaning with bleaching powder. The effective chlorine content of bleaching powder is 28% to 30%. ① Dry pond cleaning: drain the pond water, leaving 5 to 10 cm of standing water. The amount of bleaching powder used is 5 to 10 kg / mu. ② Water pond cleaning: leave the pond water depth at about 1 meter. The amount of bleaching powder used is 15 to 20 kg / (mu·m).

[0014] (3) Tea seed cake pond cleaning. ① Shallow water pond cleaning: The pond water depth is about 20cm, and the amount of tea seed cake used is 25kg / mu. ② Deep water pond cleaning: The pond water depth is about 1m, and the amount of tea seed cake used is 35-45kg / mu.

[0015] (4) Rotenone pond cleaning. Rotenone content 25%, pond cleaning dosage is 2g / m 3 Water bodies. Rotenone can kill wild fish and some aquatic insects, and has low toxicity to shrimp, crabs, and bait organisms.

[0016] 4. Watering and planting grass

[0017] After cleaning and disinfecting the pond for 7 days, aquatic plants are planted. Commonly used aquatic plants include Elodea, Hydrilla verticillata, and Vallisneria.

[0018] Existing technologies can meet basic aquaculture needs, but they neglect bottom sediment treatment during tailwater discharge, lack plowing, and require water disinfection before grass planting. Consequently, existing technologies suffer from incomplete bottom treatment, difficulty in grass planting, and difficulty in early fertilization. As the intensity and frequency of high temperatures intensify, the risks associated with pond aquaculture using existing pond cleaning and bottom improvement technologies are increasing.

[0019] Therefore, it is an urgent problem for those skilled in the art to provide an improved method that can reduce the workload of water intake and drainage, enhance the effect of ecological pond cleaning and bottom improvement, and reduce the difficulty of operation. Summary of the Invention

[0020] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for ecological pond cleaning and bottom improvement of Chinese mitten crab aquaculture ponds.

[0021] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0022] A method for ecological pond cleaning and bottom improvement of Chinese mitten crab aquaculture ponds comprises the following steps:

[0023] Step 1: Flush, clean the pond, and modify the bottom

[0024] After the aquaculture season is over, the pond is drained and the bottom sediment is suspended by flushing. Quicklime is used to clean and disinfect the pond, and then a biological bottom improvement agent is applied.

[0025] Step 2: Drying the pond, drying it, and clearing the silt

[0026] After 10 days of bio-bottom modification, drain the pond water and dry it out; remove excess silt and control the depth of the silt layer at the bottom of the pond;

[0027] Step 3: Fertilize and till the soil

[0028] Evenly spread decomposed and fermented organic fertilizer, till the pond, and cover the pond bottom with organic fertilizer;

[0029] Step 4: Planting Grass

[0030] Cover the soil and plant aquatic plants;

[0031] Step 5: Add water and fertilizer

[0032] After the aquatic plants are planted, water is added to the pond and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used to improve the fertility of the water body; after 2 days, the water is fertilized with Bacillus subtilis, EM bacterial liquid and water fertilizer.

[0033] Preferably, in step 1, the water is drained to a depth of 10 cm in the pond, and 50 kg / mu of quicklime is used to clean and disinfect the pond.

[0034] Preferably, in step 1, 1 kg / mu of biological soil improvement agent is used after 7 days.

[0035] Preferably, in step 1, the biological soil improvement agent is composed of equal proportions of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus albus and Sulphur-suppressing bacteria.

[0036] Preferably, in step 2, the pond is dried for 30 days and the depth of the silt layer at the bottom of the pond is controlled to be 15 cm.

[0037] Preferably, in step 3, the amount of decomposed and fermented organic fertilizer is 500 kg / mu.

[0038] Preferably, in step 4, the aquatic plants include but are not limited to Elodea and Hydrilla verticillata spores.

[0039] Preferably, in step 5, after the aquatic plants are planted, the pond is filled with water to a depth of 30 cm, and 5 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used to improve the fertility of the water body.

[0040] Preferably, in step 5, 200 g of Bacillus subtilis, 2 L of EM bacterial solution and 20 catties of fertilizer are used per mu.

[0041] Preferably, in step 5, the water fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of brown sugar, 7 parts of sodium citrate, and 3 parts of ammonium sulfate.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0043] (1) The present invention combines flushing with quicklime pond cleaning and disinfection, thereby enhancing the contact effect between harmful organisms, filamentous algae, parasites, and pathogenic bacteria in the bottom mud and quicklime, thereby improving the efficiency of pond cleaning and disinfection;

[0044] Using biological bottom modification after 7 days of quicklime disinfection can achieve efficient conversion of leftover bait, feces and organic debris in low temperature seasons;

[0045] (2) The present invention fully utilizes the idle period of the pond by drying the pond, sun-drying the pond, and desilting the pond, allowing the organic matter at the bottom of the pond to fully contact with oxygen in the air for oxidation and decomposition, which is an effective measure for repairing the pond bottom;

[0046] Control the pond silt depth to about 15cm, which is convenient for planting aquatic plants while retaining sufficient buffering capacity;

[0047] (3) The present invention applies fertilizer first and then tills the soil, which ensures the air permeability of the substrate and is conducive to the rooting of aquatic plants. At the same time, the fertility of organic fertilizer can be preserved at the bottom of the pond and slowly released into the water body, which can prevent the early reproduction of harmful algae such as moss and provide long-lasting nutrition for the growth of aquatic plants and beneficial algae.

[0048] (4) The present invention uses dry ponds to plant aquatic plants, which reduces the manpower consumption of planting plants and improves efficiency;

[0049] After planting aquatic plants, add water and fertilizer, and apply some potassium dihydrogen phosphate to supplement nutrients such as potassium and phosphorus to promote rapid rooting of aquatic plants;

[0050] The use of biological fertilizers and beneficial bacteria can achieve efficient fertilizer and water and balance of bacteria and algae in the early ponds, providing a suitable breeding environment and sufficient natural bait for the crab species in the early stage of pond planting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for ecological pond cleaning and bottom improvement in Chinese mitten crab aquaculture ponds according to the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 This is a graph of pond aquatic plants growth on April 20th for a method for ecological pond cleaning and bottom soil improvement of Chinese mitten crab aquaculture ponds according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] The present invention discloses a method for ecological pond cleaning and bottom improvement of Chinese mitten crab aquaculture ponds, comprising the following steps:

[0055] Step 1: Flush, clean the pond, and modify the bottom

[0056] After the breeding season ends, drain the pond to a depth of about 10 cm, flush the bottom mud with water, and use 50 kg / mu of quicklime to clean and disinfect the pond; after 7 days, use 1 kg / mu of biological bottom modification agent, which is composed of equal proportions of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus albus, and Sulphur-suppressing bacteria;

[0057] Step 2: Drying the pond, drying it, and clearing the silt

[0058] After 10 days of bio-bottom modification, drain the pond water and dry it for about 30 days; remove excess silt and control the depth of the silt layer at the bottom of the pond to about 15 cm;

[0059] Step 3: Fertilize and till the soil

[0060] Evenly spread decomposed and fermented organic fertilizer at a rate of 500kg / mu; till the soil to increase the air permeability of the pond bottom and cover the organic fertilizer to the bottom of the pond;

[0061] Step 4: Planting Grass

[0062] Cover the soil and plant aquatic plants such as Elodea and Hydrilla verticillata spores;

[0063] Step 5: Add water and fertilizer

[0064] After the aquatic plants are planted, the pond is filled with water to a depth of 30 cm, and 5 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used to improve the fertility of the water body; 2 days later, 200 g of highland Bacillus subtilis, 2 L of EM bacterial liquid and 20 jin of fertilizer are used per mu to fertilize the water. The fertilizer includes the following components by weight: 10 parts of brown sugar, 7 parts of sodium citrate and 3 parts of ammonium sulfate.

[0065] Example 1:

[0066] like Figure 1 As shown, the river crab breeding pond at the Yangzhong base of the Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences covers an area of ​​3 mu.

[0067] Step 1: Flush, clean the pond, and modify the bottom

[0068] On November 15, 2024, the crab fishing was completed and the pond was drained to a depth of about 10 cm;

[0069] The next day, use a high-pressure water gun to suspend the bottom mud, and immediately use quicklime water to evenly sprinkle the entire pool, using a dosage of 150kg;

[0070] On November 24, 3 kg of biological soil modification agent was sprayed on the water. The biological soil modification agent consisted of equal weights of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus albus and Sulphur-suppressing bacteria.

[0071] Step 2: Drying the pond, drying it, and clearing the silt

[0072] On December 3, the pond was drained for sun drying;

[0073] On January 3, the pond was leveled, the bank was repaired, and the excessive silt layer was removed, and the depth of the silt layer at the bottom of the pond was controlled to about 15 cm;

[0074] Step 3: Fertilize and till the soil

[0075] On the morning of January 4, 1500 kg of fermented chicken manure was evenly spread;

[0076] Till the pond to increase the air permeability of the soil at the bottom of the pond and cover the bottom with organic fertilizer;

[0077] Step 4: Planting Grass

[0078] On the afternoon of January 4, we planted Elodea. We spread the Elodea into a lawn with a diameter of about 60 cm and covered it with soil to prevent it from floating after water intrusion. The row spacing was 3 m.

[0079] Step 5: Add water and fertilizer

[0080] After the aquatic plants are planted, fill the pond with water to a depth of 30 cm and use 15 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer on January 5th;

[0081] On January 7, 600 g of Bacillus subtilis, 6 L of EM bacterial solution, and 60 catties of water fertilizer were used to fertilize the water. The water fertilizer contained the following components by weight: 30 parts of brown sugar, 21 parts of sodium citrate, and 9 parts of ammonium sulfate.

[0082] On January 10, the crabs were put into the pond at a stocking density of 1,500 per mu and a crab size of 60 per kg.

[0083] Breeding effect:

[0084] The water plants quickly recovered and took root, and they were lush and vigorous. Figure 2 As shown;

[0085] No harmful algae such as moss were found in the pond in the early stage, and no blue algae appeared in the hot season. Follow-up testing of water quality indicators were all within the suitable range for river crabs, as shown in Table 1.

[0086] Table 1: Pond water quality indicators in different months

[0087] time Dissolved oxygen (mg / L) Temperature (℃) Ammonia nitrogen (mg / L) Nitrite (mg / L) pH February 8.72 12.5 0.2 0.007 8.0 March 10.13 16.2 0.5 0.005 7.8 April 9.15 21.9 1.2 0.002 8.2 May 6.63 32.3 0.2 0.010 8.1 June 7.34 33.8 0.2 0.005 8.7 July 6.92 36.4 0.8 0.013 8.1 .

[0088] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological pond cleaning and bottom improvement of Chinese mitten crab aquaculture ponds, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Flush, clean the pond, and modify the bottom After the aquaculture season is over, the pond is drained and the bottom sediment is suspended by flushing. Quicklime is used to clean and disinfect the pond, and then a biological bottom improvement agent is applied. Step 2: Drying the pond, drying it, and clearing the silt After 10 days of bio-bottom modification, drain the pond water and dry it out; remove excess silt and control the depth of the silt layer at the bottom of the pond; Step 3: Fertilize and till the soil Evenly spread decomposed and fermented organic fertilizer, till the pond, and cover the pond bottom with organic fertilizer; Step 4: Planting Grass Cover the soil and plant aquatic plants; Step 5: Add water and fertilizer After the aquatic plants are planted, water is added to the pond and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used to improve the fertility of the water body; after 2 days, the water is fertilized with Bacillus subtilis, EM bacterial liquid and water fertilizer.

2. A method for ecological pond cleaning and bottom improvement of Chinese mitten crab aquaculture ponds according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the water is drained to a depth of 10 cm in the pond, and 50 kg / mu of quicklime is used to clean and disinfect the pond.

3. A method for ecological pond cleaning and substrate improvement in a Chinese mitten crab aquaculture pond according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, 1 kg / mu of biological substrate improvement agent is used after 7 days.

4. A method for ecological pond cleaning and substrate improvement in a Chinese mitten crab aquaculture pond according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the biological bottom modification agent is composed of equal proportions of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus albus and Sulphur feces.

5. A method for ecological pond cleaning and bottom improvement of a Chinese mitten crab aquaculture pond according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the pond is exposed to the sun for 30 days to control the depth of the silt layer at the bottom of the pond to 15 cm.

6. A method for ecological pond cleaning and bottom improvement in a Chinese mitten crab aquaculture pond according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the consumption of the decomposed and fermented organic fertilizer is 500kg / mu.

7. The method for ecological pond cleaning and bottom improvement of Chinese mitten crab aquaculture ponds according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, the aquatic plants include but are not limited to Elodea and Hydrilla verticillata spores.

8. A method for ecological pond cleaning and bottom improvement in a Chinese mitten crab breeding pond according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, after the aquatic plants are planted, the pond is filled with 30 cm of water, and 5 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used to improve water fertility.

9. A method for ecological pond cleaning and bottom soil improvement in a Chinese mitten crab aquaculture pond according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, 200g of highland Bacillus, 2L of EM bacterial liquid and 20 jin of water fertilizer are used per mu.

10. The method for ecological pond cleaning and bottom soil improvement of Chinese mitten crab aquaculture ponds according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, the water fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of brown sugar, 7 parts of sodium citrate, and 3 parts of ammonium sulfate.

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