Method for preparing agricultural enzyme from imperfect apples and apple peels and kernels and application of agricultural enzyme
By preparing agricultural enzymes and using defective apples and apple peels and cores as raw materials, the problems of resource waste and environmental pollution are solved, efficient agricultural products are achieved, crop yields and soil fertility are increased, and the occurrence of diseases is reduced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510715458.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-23
AI Technical Summary
Defective apples and apple peels and cores are treated as waste during agricultural production and fruit processing, resulting in waste of resources and environmental pollution. Existing agricultural fertilizers and soil improvers are costly, have single effects, and have complex and unstable fermentation processes, making it difficult to simultaneously improve crop yields, disease resistance, and soil fertility.
Agricultural enzymes are prepared through microbial fermentation using defective apples and apple peels and cores as raw materials. The synergistic effect of yeast, lactic acid bacteria and cellulase is utilized to generate fermentation products containing organic acids, enzymes and plant hormones. Combined with a staged fermentation strategy and post-processing concentration and solid-liquid separation, liquid and solid enzyme products are prepared to meet different agronomic needs.
It improves the utilization rate of defective apples and waste, shortens the fermentation cycle, reduces costs, enhances crop yield and disease resistance, improves soil structure and fertility, reduces the occurrence of diseases, and meets various agronomic needs.
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Figure CN120682064A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of enzyme preparation, and more specifically, to a method for preparing agricultural enzymes using defective apples and apple peels and cores, and application thereof. Background Art
[0002] In agricultural production and fruit processing, defective apples and their peels and cores are often treated as waste. These wastes not only occupy significant land resources for storage but also struggle to degrade quickly in the natural environment, contributing to environmental pollution. Furthermore, traditional treatment methods fail to fully utilize the rich organic substances found in defective apples and their peels and cores, such as pectin, cellulose, and sugars, resulting in a waste of resources.
[0003] There are a wide variety of agricultural fertilizers and soil conditioners on the market, but some products suffer from high costs and limited effectiveness. While some chemical fertilizers can provide nutrients to crops in the short term, long-term use can easily lead to soil compaction and reduced fertility, impacting the soil ecosystem. Furthermore, in practical applications, biofertilizers and soil conditioners suffer from complex fermentation processes, long cycles, and inconsistent fermentation success rates, limiting their widespread adoption.
[0004] Furthermore, existing technologies and products struggle to achieve the desired combined effects of increasing crop yields, enhancing crop disease resistance, and accelerating straw decomposition to improve soil quality. For example, when it comes to promoting crop growth, a single fertilizer or regulator often only addresses one aspect of a crop's needs, failing to simultaneously promote root development, increase fruit set, and enhance crop resistance. During the straw return process, straw decomposition is slow, resulting in slow accumulation of soil organic matter and hindering soil fertility.
[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to develop an agricultural product that can fully utilize defective apples and apple peel and core resources, has a simple preparation process, low cost, and has multiple functions.
[0006] Therefore, a method for preparing agricultural enzymes using defective apples and apple peels and cores and its application are proposed. Summary of the Invention
[0007] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preparing agricultural enzymes using defective apples and apple peels and cores and its application to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.
[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for preparing agricultural enzymes using defective apples and apple peels and cores as raw materials, comprising the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: 40%-60% defective apple pulp, 20%-30% apple peels and cores, 5%-10% brown sugar, 3%-8% molasses, 2%-5% yeast, 1%-3% lactic acid bacteria, 0.5%-2% cellulase, 0.1%-1% citric acid, and the remainder being water.
[0009] Using defective apple pulp and cores as the main raw materials, combined with brown sugar, molasses, bacterial agents and enzymes, the pectin, cellulose and sugars in apple waste are used as carbon sources. Through microbial fermentation, macromolecules are decomposed to generate small molecule active ingredients, and the utilization rate of defective apples and waste (pulp, cores) is increased to 90%, reducing environmental pollution. Brown sugar and molasses are used to provide a quick carbon source, yeast and lactic acid bacteria work synergistically, and cellulase accelerates the decomposition of pectin, shortening the fermentation cycle by 30%. The fermentation products contain organic acids, enzymes and plant hormones, which have both nutritional and growth-promoting functions.
[0010] Preferably, the specific steps are as follows:
[0011] (1) Pretreatment: Cut the defective apple pulp into pieces of 1-3 cm 3 Particles, crush apple peel and core to particle size 0.5-1mm;
[0012] (2) Mixing: Mixing the pretreated pulp, skin and core with brown sugar, molasses, cellulase, citric acid and water to obtain an initial fermentation matrix;
[0013] (3) Fermentation: The initial fermentation substrate is placed in a fermentation container with a one-way exhaust valve, yeast and lactic acid bacteria are added, and the container is sealed and fermented in stages at 25-35°C:
[0014] The first stage of aerobic fermentation: open the lid and stir once a day for 5-7 days;
[0015] The second stage of anaerobic fermentation: the container is closed and vented every 3 days for 20-30 days;
[0016] (4) Post-processing: After fermentation is completed, filter and concentrate the filtrate to a total acid content of ≥8% to obtain liquid enzyme; the filter residue is dried and crushed and mixed with humus soil in a ratio of 1:3 to make solid enzyme granules.
[0017] Through a phased fermentation strategy, the aerobic stage promotes bacterial expansion and enzyme secretion, while the anaerobic stage accumulates metabolic products; post-processing concentration and solid-liquid separation improve product stability, the aerobic stage enhances bacterial activity, and the anaerobic stage accumulates beneficial substances such as lactic acid. The total fermentation cycle is shortened to less than 35 days, and liquid enzymes can be applied directly, and solid particles have a slow-release fertilizer effect to meet different agronomic needs.
[0018] Preferably, the mixing ratio in step (2) is: 50% pulp, 25% skin and core, 8% brown sugar, 5% molasses, 1% cellulase, 0.5% citric acid, and the balance is water.
[0019] By determining the raw material ratio, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is ensured to be close to 25 to 1, which is more suitable for microbial metabolism and avoids rancidity caused by excess carbon source or inhibition of bacterial growth by insufficient nitrogen source. The total acid content of the product is stable (≥8%), the amount of brown sugar and molasses used is reduced, and the raw material cost is reduced by 20%-30%.
[0020] Preferably, in step (3), the yeast is a composite bacterial agent of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris, with a mass ratio of 2:1; and the lactic acid bacteria is Lactobacillus plantarum.
[0021] The composite bacterial agent (Saccharomyces cerevisiae + Pichia pastoris) produces enzymes to degrade pectin in the aerobic stage, Lactobacillus plantarum produces acid to inhibit bacteria and stabilize pH in the anaerobic stage, Pichia pastoris secretes cellulase to help decompose lignin in apple peels and cores, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae quickly consumes sugars to produce ethanol, providing an anaerobic environment for lactic acid bacteria. The acid production (pH < 4.5) by lactic acid bacteria inhibits spoilage bacteria, thereby increasing the fermentation success rate to over 95%.
[0022] Preferably, the pH value of the liquid enzyme in step (4) is 3.8-4.5, the conductivity is 8.5-12.0 mS / cm, and the total colony count is 1×10 8 -5×10 8 CFU / mL to ensure microbial activity and product stability.
[0023] Preferably, in step (3), 20%-30% of the volume space is reserved in the fermentation container, and the temperature is monitored daily during the fermentation process. When the temperature exceeds 38°C, a water bath is used for cooling to prevent fermentation gas overflow and high-temperature inactivation. A water bath is used for cooling to maintain the optimal metabolic temperature and improve the survival rate of the strain.
[0024] An agricultural enzyme prepared according to the above-mentioned method of preparing agricultural enzymes using defective apples and apple peels and cores as raw materials, which contains 0.2%-0.5% apple polyphenols, 0.15%-0.3% free amino acids, and is rich in indoleacetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin (GA3), with contents of 10-30 mg / L and 5-15 mg / L, respectively.
[0025] Apple polyphenols (antioxidants) and plant hormones (IAA, GA3) are naturally produced through fermentation, which enhances the growth-promoting function of enzymes. IAA is used to promote root development, and GA3 increases the fruit set rate. Apple yield increases by 15% to 25%. Polyphenols inhibit pathogens and can reduce the incidence of crop diseases.
[0026] Preferably, the liquid enzyme is diluted 100-200 times and used for foliar spraying or drip irrigation, with a dosage of 50-100 kg per mu; the solid enzyme granules are applied as base fertilizer, with a dosage of 200-300 kg per mu.
[0027] By diluting liquid enzymes and then spraying or drip irrigation, small molecules are quickly absorbed by plants; solid particles slowly release nutrients and improve soil structure.
[0028] Preferably, the liquid enzyme and the seaweed extract are compounded in a ratio of 1:1 and used to increase the fruit setting rate of fruit trees, which can increase the yield by 15%-25%.
[0029] An agricultural enzyme that can accelerate the decomposition of straw. When applied, it is mixed with straw at a ratio of 1:10 and returned to the field. The decomposition cycle is shortened to 15-20 days, and the soil organic matter content is increased by 20%-30%.
[0030] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention:
[0031] 1. By using defective apple pulp and skin as the main raw materials, the utilization rate of defective apples and waste (pulp, skin and core) is increased to 90%, reducing environmental pollution.
[0032] 2. By utilizing brown sugar and molasses to provide a quick carbon source, yeast and lactic acid bacteria work synergistically, and cellulase accelerates the decomposition of pectin, the fermentation cycle is shortened by 30%, and the total fermentation cycle is shortened to less than 35 days.
[0033] 3. The composite bacterial agent (Saccharomyces cerevisiae + Pichia pastoris) produces enzymes to degrade pectin in the aerobic stage, Lactobacillus plantarum produces acid to inhibit bacteria and stabilize the pH in the anaerobic stage, Pichia pastoris secretes cellulase to assist in the decomposition of lignin in the apple peel and core, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae quickly consumes sugars to produce ethanol, providing an anaerobic environment for lactic acid bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria produce acid (pH <4.5) to inhibit putrefactive bacteria, and the fermentation success rate is increased to more than 95%.
[0034] 4. By determining the appropriate raw material ratio, ensuring that the carbon-nitrogen ratio is close to 25 to 1, the total acid content of the product is stable (≥8%), reducing the amount of brown sugar and molasses, and reducing raw material costs by 20%-30%.
[0035] 5. Fermentation products contain organic acids, enzymes, and plant hormones, such as indoleacetic acid (IAA) and gibberellins (GA3), which provide both nutritional and growth-promoting properties. IAA promotes root development, while GA3 increases fruit set, potentially increasing apple yields by 15%-25%. A 1:1 ratio of liquid enzymes to seaweed extract for fruit production can also increase yields by 15%-25%.
[0036] 6. By utilizing the antioxidant effects of apple polyphenols and their ability to inhibit pathogens, the incidence of crop diseases can be reduced.
[0037] 7. After post-processing through concentration and solid-liquid separation, the obtained liquid enzyme can be directly applied, and the small molecular substances can be quickly absorbed by plants; the solid particles can be used as slow-release fertilizers to improve soil structure and meet different agronomic needs.
[0038] 8. Agricultural enzymes can accelerate the decomposition of straw. When mixed with straw at a ratio of 1:10 and returned to the field, the decomposition cycle can be shortened to 15-20 days, the soil organic matter content can be increased by 20%-30%, the soil total nitrogen content can be increased, and soil fertility can be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0039] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the method for preparing agricultural enzymes using defective apples and apple peels and cores according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0040] Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0041] As attached Figure 1 The method shown is a method for preparing agricultural enzymes using defective apples and apple peels and cores, which includes the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 40%-60% defective apple pulp, 20%-30% apple peels and cores, 5%-10% brown sugar, 3%-8% molasses, 2%-5% yeast, 1%-3% lactic acid bacteria, 0.5%-2% cellulase, 0.1%-1% citric acid, and the balance is water.
[0042] The specific preparation steps are as follows:
[0043] (1) Pretreatment: Cut the defective apple pulp into pieces of 1-3 cm 3 Particles, crush apple peel and core to particle size 0.5-1mm;
[0044] (2) Mixing: Mixing the pretreated pulp, skin and core with brown sugar, molasses, cellulase, citric acid and water to obtain an initial fermentation matrix;
[0045] (3) Fermentation: The initial fermentation substrate is placed in a fermentation container with a one-way exhaust valve, yeast and lactic acid bacteria are added, and the container is sealed and fermented in stages at 25-35°C:
[0046] The first stage of aerobic fermentation: open the lid and stir once a day for 5-7 days;
[0047] The second stage of anaerobic fermentation: the container is closed and vented every 3 days for 20-30 days;
[0048] (4) Post-processing: After fermentation is completed, filter and concentrate the filtrate to a total acid content of ≥8% to obtain liquid enzyme; the filter residue is dried and crushed and mixed with humus soil in a ratio of 1:3 to make solid enzyme granules.
[0049] Example 1
[0050] Raw material ratio: 50% of defective apple pulp, 25% of apple peel and core, 8% of brown sugar, 5% of molasses, 1% of cellulase, 0.5% of citric acid, 3% of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Pichia pastoris = 2:1), 2% of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum), and the balance is water.
[0051] Preparation steps:
[0052] Pre-treatment: Cut the pulp into 2cm pieces 3 , the skin and core are crushed to 0.8mm;
[0053] Mixing: Mix the raw materials evenly according to the proportion, put them into a 50L fermentation tank, and add water to 70% of the tank volume;
[0054] Fermentation:
[0055] Phase 1: Stir once a day at 28°C for 6 days;
[0056] The second stage: after sealing, exhaust every 3 days and ferment at 30℃ for 25 days;
[0057] Post-treatment: Liquid enzyme (pH 4.2, conductivity 10.5 mS / cm) was obtained by filtration, and the filter residue was mixed with humus soil and granulated.
[0058] Example 2
[0059] Raw material ratio: pulp 45%, skin and core 30%, brown sugar 7%, molasses 6%, cellulase 1.5%, citric acid 0.8%, yeast 4% (Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Pichia pastoris = 2:1), lactic acid bacteria 2.5%, and the balance is water.
[0060] Fermentation conditions: stirring at 32°C for 5 days in the first stage, and anaerobic fermentation at 28°C for 28 days in the second stage.
[0061] Product indicators: Liquid enzyme pH 3.9, total colony count 3×10 8 CFU / mL, apple polyphenol content 0.35%.
[0062] Application Examples
[0063] The liquid enzyme of Example 1 was diluted 150 times and sprayed on apple trees during flowering, with a dosage of 80 kg per mu. The results showed:
[0064] The fruit setting rate increased by 18% and the single fruit weight increased by 12%;
[0065] Soil organic matter increased from 1.2% to 1.5%, and available phosphorus content increased by 25%.
[0066] Comparative test
[0067] Control group: conventional compound fertilizer; experimental group: solid enzyme granules 200kg / mu.
[0068] Results: The straw decomposition period of the experimental group was shortened from 35 days to 18 days, and the total nitrogen content in the soil increased by 22%.
[0069] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for preparing agricultural enzymes using defective apples and apple peels and cores as raw materials, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: 40%-60% of defective apple pulp, 20%-30% of apple peel and core, 5%-10% of brown sugar, 3%-8% of molasses, 2%-5% of yeast, 1%-3% of lactic acid bacteria, 0.5%-2% of cellulase, 0.1%-1% of citric acid, and the balance is water.
2. The method for preparing agricultural enzymes using defective apples and apple peels and cores as raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: (1) Pretreatment: Cut the defective apple pulp into pieces of 1-3 cm 3 Particles, crush apple peel and core to particle size 0.5-1mm; (2) Mixing: Mixing the pretreated pulp, skin and core with brown sugar, molasses, cellulase, citric acid and water to obtain an initial fermentation matrix; (3) Fermentation: The initial fermentation substrate is placed in a fermentation container with a one-way exhaust valve, yeast and lactic acid bacteria are added, and the container is sealed and fermented in stages at 25-35°C: The first stage of aerobic fermentation: open the lid and stir once a day for 5-7 days; The second stage of anaerobic fermentation: the container is closed and vented every 3 days for 20-30 days; (4) Post-processing: After fermentation is completed, filter and concentrate the filtrate to a total acid content of ≥8% to obtain liquid enzyme; the filter residue is dried and crushed and mixed with humus soil in a ratio of 1:3 to make solid enzyme granules.
3. The method for preparing agricultural enzymes using defective apples and apple peels and cores as raw materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mixing ratio in step (2) is: 50% of pulp, 25% of skin and core, 8% of brown sugar, 5% of molasses, 1% of cellulase, 0.5% of citric acid, and the balance is water.
4. The method for preparing agricultural enzymes using defective apples and apple peels and cores as raw materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step (3), the yeast is a composite bacterial agent of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris, with a mass ratio of 2:1; and the lactic acid bacteria is Lactobacillus plantarum.
5. The method for preparing agricultural enzymes using defective apples and apple peels and cores as raw materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pH value of the liquid enzyme in step (4) is 3.8-4.5, the conductivity is 8.5-12.0 mS / cm, and the total colony count is 1×10 8 -5×10 8 CFU / mL.
6. The method for preparing agricultural enzymes using defective apples and apple peels and cores as raw materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (3), 20% to 30% of the volume space is reserved in the fermentation container, and the temperature is monitored daily during the fermentation process. When the temperature exceeds 38° C., a water bath is used to cool the temperature.
7. An agricultural enzyme prepared by the method for preparing agricultural enzymes using defective apples and apple peels and cores as raw materials according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: It contains 0.2%-0.5% of apple polyphenols, 0.15%-0.3% of free amino acids, and is rich in indoleacetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin (GA3), with contents of 10-30 mg / L and 5-15 mg / L respectively.
8. The use of the agricultural enzyme according to claim 7, characterized in that: The liquid enzyme is diluted 100-200 times and used for foliar spraying or drip irrigation, with a dosage of 50-100 kg per mu; the solid enzyme granules are used as base fertilizer, with a dosage of 200-300 kg per mu.
9. The use of the agricultural enzyme according to claim 8, characterized in that: The liquid enzyme and the seaweed extract are compounded in a ratio of 1:1 and used to improve the fruit setting rate of fruit trees, thereby increasing the yield by 15%-25%.
10. The agricultural enzyme according to claim 7, characterized in that It can accelerate the decomposition of straw. When applied, it is mixed with straw at a ratio of 1:10 and returned to the field. The decomposition cycle is shortened to 15-20 days, and the soil organic matter content is increased by 20%-30%.