Special quality-improving and disease-resistant water-soluble fertilizer for tobaccos and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation. The invention provides a quality-improving and disease-resistant water-soluble fertilizer special for tobacco, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 350 to 400 parts of alkali-treated purified substance of a mixture of matteuccia struthiopteris aqueous extract and eleusine indica aqueous extract, 150 parts of potassium nitrate, 80 to 120 parts of urea, 180 to 220 parts of calcium nitrate, 30 to 50 parts of sodium alginate, 15 to 25 parts of water-soluble starch and 25 to 35 parts of polyglutamic acid. The water-soluble fertilizer disclosed by the invention is high in dissolving speed and can be dissolved within 1 minute, and the solubility is up to 87-88 g / 100g; the water-soluble fertilizer disclosed by the invention has an excellent effect of resisting main tobacco epidemic diseases, and the prevention and treatment effect on bacterial wilt reaches 85% or above.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco planting and relates to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and particularly relates to a tobacco-specific water-soluble fertilizer for improving quality and resisting disease and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Flue-cured tobacco is a cash crop, and high-quality, safe, and stable tobacco leaves are crucial to the sustainable development of the tobacco industry. Water-soluble fertilizers are fast-acting, water-soluble fertilizers that can be used for irrigation, foliar application, and soilless cultivation.

[0003] At present, considerable progress has been made in the research of water-soluble fertilizers for tobacco. For example, Chinese patent CN103992167B provides a water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid and a large number of elements, which can be used for tobacco cultivation. Another example is that Yang Zhangle et al. developed a chitosan oligosaccharide organic water-soluble fertilizer that can promote the growth, development, yield and quality of Yunyan 97. Geng Shaowu et al. found through field trials that water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid can increase the yield of flue-cured tobacco by 3324.75 yuan / hm2. 2 , the proportion of high-quality tobacco increased by 31.85%. Its mechanism of action is to promote root development, enhance nicotine synthesis capacity, improve the soil microenvironment, and release fixed mineral elements. The Dingtian Jinong team's long-term tracking found that applying water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid during the seedling stage can increase the root mass of tobacco seedlings and the number of roots, significantly improving the intrinsic quality of tobacco leaves. Xu Yun and others found that water-soluble fertilizer containing 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) can enhance leaf chlorophyll synthesis and nitrate reductase activity, promoting tobacco plant growth. Hu Hai and others found that combining amino acid water-soluble fertilizer with tobacco-specific fertilizer can optimize the coordination of tobacco leaf chemical composition, increase the proportion of medium and high-quality tobacco by 4.1%, and increase output value by 6.65%.

[0004] However, current water-soluble fertilizers for tobacco suffer from problems such as poor solubility and uneven nutrient release. For example, some water-soluble compound fertilizers require over 24 hours to dissolve, severely impacting fertilization efficiency. Furthermore, some water-soluble fertilizers are quick-acting but short-lived, requiring frequent topdressing. This increases labor costs, can lead to salt accumulation, and exacerbates soil compaction or acidification. Furthermore, existing water-soluble fertilizers are ineffective in preventing and controlling diseases and often require combination with other compound fertilizers or insecticides, increasing operating costs.

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a water-soluble fertilizer that can prevent and treat major tobacco diseases and has good solubility to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned tobacco water-soluble fertilizer. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the defects of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a water-soluble fertilizer with good solubility and the ability to effectively prevent and treat major tobacco diseases.

[0007] The present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A water-soluble fertilizer for tobacco that improves quality and resists disease, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0009] 350-400 parts of an alkali-treated purified mixture of an aqueous extract of Pteris chinensis and an aqueous extract of Eleutherodactylus truncatula, 150 parts of potassium nitrate, 80-120 parts of urea, 180-220 parts of calcium nitrate, 30-50 parts of sodium alginate, 15-25 parts of water-soluble starch, and 25-35 parts of polyglutamic acid;

[0010] The mixture of the water extract of Pteris chinensis and the water extract of Herba Eupatorii is obtained by mixing the water extract of Pteris chinensis and the water extract of Herba Eupatorii in a weight ratio of 1:1 to 2;

[0011] The alkali-treated purified product of the mixture of the aqueous extract of Pteris chinensis and the aqueous extract of Eleutherodactylus truncatus is obtained by placing the mixture of the aqueous extract of Pteris chinensis and the aqueous extract of Eleutherodactylus truncatus in a potassium hydroxide solution, cooling and crystallizing at 25-35° C., and then performing solid-liquid separation.

[0012] Preferably, the water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0013] 400 parts of an alkali-treated purified mixture of a Pteris chinensis aqueous extract and a Glechoma longituba aqueous extract, 150 parts of potassium nitrate, 100 parts of urea, 200 parts of calcium nitrate, 50 parts of sodium alginate, 25 parts of water-soluble starch, and 25 parts of polyglutamic acid.

[0014] Preferably, the preparation method of the water extract of the fern is: wash the fern, chop it, add it to water 5 times the weight of the fern, extract it at 80°C for 4 hours, and filter it to obtain the filtrate; add the filter residue to water 3 times the weight of the filter residue, extract it at 80°C for 4 hours, and filter it to obtain the filtrate; combine the two filtrates, remove water by vacuum rotary evaporation, and obtain a solid powder.

[0015] Preferably, the preparation method of the aqueous extract of Goosegrass is as follows: wash and chop the Goosegrass, add it to water 5 times the weight of the Goosegrass, extract it at 80°C for 4 hours, and filter the filtrate; add the filter residue to water 3 times the weight of the filter residue, extract it at 80°C for 4 hours, and filter the filtrate; combine the two filtrates, remove water by vacuum rotary evaporation, and obtain a solid powder.

[0016] Preferably, the preparation method of the alkali-treated purified product of the mixture of the aqueous extract of Pteris chinensis and the aqueous extract of Herba Lycopodii is as follows: placing the mixture of the aqueous extract of Pteris chinensis and the aqueous extract of Herba Lycopodii in a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution with a temperature of 60°C and pH = 8.0, cooling and crystallizing at 25-35°C for 2-4 hours, performing solid-liquid separation, and drying the solid phase to obtain a purified product.

[0017] Preferably, in the mixture of the Pteris chinensis water extract and the Herba Lycopodii water extract, the weight ratio of the Pteris chinensis water extract to the Herba Lycopodii water extract is 1:1.5.

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the water-soluble fertilizer. The method comprises mixing the raw materials of the water-soluble fertilizer.

[0019] The present invention also provides the use of the water-soluble fertilizer in tobacco planting. When the water-soluble fertilizer is used, it is diluted with water in an amount 1000 times the weight of the water-soluble fertilizer.

[0020] Preferably, when applying, spray once every 10 to 15 days.

[0021] More preferably, when applied, the amount of the water-soluble fertilizer sprayed each time is 100 mL / plant.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0023] The water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention has a fast dissolution speed, can be completely dissolved in 1 minute, and has a solubility of up to 87-88g / 100g; the water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention has an excellent effect of resisting major tobacco diseases, and the control effect of bacterial wilt is more than 85%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention is described in detail below through examples. It is necessary to point out that the following examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Non-essential improvements and adjustments made by those skilled in the art based on the above-mentioned invention still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] 1. Preparation of Pteris viridis water extract:

[0027] Wash the fern fern, chop it into 5-7 mm pieces, add it into water 5 times the weight of the fern fern, extract it at 80°C for 4 hours, and filter the filtrate; add the filter residue into water 3 times the weight of the filter residue, extract it at 80°C for 4 hours, and filter the filtrate; combine the two filtrates, remove water by vacuum rotary evaporation, and obtain a solid powder.

[0028] 2. Preparation of Eleutherodactyla serrata aqueous extract:

[0029] Wash and chop the Herba Coleus (5-7 mm pieces), add the Herba Coleus (5 times the weight of the Herba Coleus), extract at 80°C for 4 hours, and filter to obtain the filtrate; add the filter residue to 3 times the weight of the filter residue in water, extract at 80°C for 4 hours, and filter to obtain the filtrate; combine the two filtrates, remove water by vacuum rotary evaporation, and obtain a solid powder.

[0030] 3. Purification of the mixture of the aqueous extract of Pteris chinensis and the aqueous extract of Herba Eupatorii by adding alkali:

[0031] The aqueous extract of Pteris chinensis and the aqueous extract of Eleutherodactylus truncatula were mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1.5 to obtain a mixture. The mixture was placed in a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution with a temperature of 60°C and a pH of 8.0, cooled and crystallized at 30°C for 3 hours, and after solid-liquid separation, the solid phase was dried to obtain a purified product.

[0032] 4. Configuration of water-soluble fertilizer:

[0033] Mix 400 g of the product obtained in step 3, 150 g of potassium nitrate, 100 g of urea, 200 g of calcium nitrate, 50 g of sodium alginate, 25 g of water-soluble starch, and 25 g of polyglutamic acid to obtain the product.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] 1. Preparation of Pteris viridis water extract:

[0036] Wash the fern fern, chop it into 5-7 mm pieces, add it into water 5 times the weight of the fern fern, extract it at 80°C for 4 hours, and filter the filtrate; add the filter residue into water 3 times the weight of the filter residue, extract it at 80°C for 4 hours, and filter the filtrate; combine the two filtrates, remove water by vacuum rotary evaporation, and obtain a solid powder.

[0037] 2. Preparation of Eleutherodactyla serrata aqueous extract:

[0038] Wash and chop the Herba Coleus (5-7 mm pieces), add the Herba Coleus (5 times the weight of the Herba Coleus), extract at 80°C for 4 hours, and filter to obtain the filtrate; add the filter residue to 3 times the weight of the filter residue in water, extract at 80°C for 4 hours, and filter to obtain the filtrate; combine the two filtrates, remove water by vacuum rotary evaporation, and obtain a solid powder.

[0039] 3. Purification of the mixture of the aqueous extract of Pteris chinensis and the aqueous extract of Herba Eupatorii by adding alkali:

[0040] The aqueous extract of Pteris chinensis and the aqueous extract of Eleutherodactylus truncatula were mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixture. The mixture was placed in a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution at a temperature of 60°C and a pH of 8.0, cooled and crystallized at 25°C for 4 hours, and after solid-liquid separation, the solid phase was dried to obtain a purified product.

[0041] 4. Configuration of water-soluble fertilizer:

[0042] Add 350 g of the product obtained in step 3, 150 g of potassium nitrate, 80 g of urea, 180 g of calcium nitrate, 50 g of sodium alginate, 25 g of water-soluble starch, and 25 g of polyglutamic acid.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] 1. Preparation of Pteris viridis water extract:

[0045] Wash the fern fern, chop it into 5-7 mm pieces, add it into water 5 times the weight of the fern fern, extract it at 80°C for 4 hours, and filter the filtrate; add the filter residue into water 3 times the weight of the filter residue, extract it at 80°C for 4 hours, and filter the filtrate; combine the two filtrates, remove water by vacuum rotary evaporation, and obtain a solid powder.

[0046] 2. Preparation of Eleutherodactyla serrata aqueous extract:

[0047] Wash and chop the Herba Coleus (5-7 mm pieces), add the Herba Coleus (5 times the weight of the Herba Coleus), extract at 80°C for 4 hours, and filter to obtain the filtrate; add the filter residue to 3 times the weight of the filter residue in water, extract at 80°C for 4 hours, and filter to obtain the filtrate; combine the two filtrates, remove water by vacuum rotary evaporation, and obtain a solid powder.

[0048] 3. Purification of the mixture of the aqueous extract of Pteris chinensis and the aqueous extract of Herba Eupatorii by adding alkali:

[0049] The aqueous extract of Pteris chinensis and the aqueous extract of Eleutherodactylus truncatula were mixed in a weight ratio of 1:2 to obtain a mixture. The mixture was placed in a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution at a temperature of 60°C and a pH of 8.0, cooled and crystallized at 35°C for 2 hours, and after solid-liquid separation, the solid phase was dried to obtain a purified product.

[0050] 4. Configuration of water-soluble fertilizer:

[0051] Mix 380 g of the product obtained in step 3, 150 g of potassium nitrate, 120 g of urea, 220 g of calcium nitrate, 30 g of sodium alginate, 15 g of water-soluble starch, and 35 g of polyglutamic acid to obtain a product.

[0052] Comparative Example 1

[0053] Compared with Example 1, except that the alkali purification step is not performed, the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0054] Comparative Example 2

[0055] Compared with Example 1, except that sodium alginate and polyglutamic acid are not added, the rest are the same as Example 1.

[0056] Comparative Example 3

[0057] Compared with Example 1, except that the potassium hydroxide solution is replaced by a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with a pH of 6.5, the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0058] Preliminary Experimental Example 1

[0059] Before preparing the water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention, the inventors first investigated the addition of the water extract of Pteris podioides to conventional water-soluble fertilizers available on the market, and investigated the preventive and therapeutic effects of the obtained fertilizer on tobacco blight through potted experiments. The commercially available conventional water-soluble fertilizer used was purchased from Guizhou Qiannan Jinfu Co., Ltd., with N:P2O5:K2O=22:14:10, and was diluted with 100 times the weight of water when applied. In this experiment, different addition ratios were set for the water extract of Pteris podioides and conventional water-soluble fertilizers available on the market and used as the experimental group (diluted with 100 times the weight of water when applied), and the control group was not added with the water extract of Pteris podioides. The specific groups are shown in Table 1.

[0060] The Pteris chinensis water extract used in this preliminary experiment was prepared according to the preparation method of Example 1.

[0061] Table 1

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] Soil with a 100% incidence of bacterial wilt was used as potted soil for the test. 15 kg of soil was used per pot, and one tobacco seedling (Yunyan 87, the same applies to all other tobacco varieties used in the test schemes herein unless otherwise specified) was transplanted into each pot. After transplanting the tobacco, a flue-cured tobacco compound fertilizer (produced by Hubei Xiangqing Fertilizer Co., Ltd.) was used as a base fertilizer, at 80 g per pot. The plants were then sprayed with a water-soluble fertilizer at a rate of 200 mL per pot on the seventh day after transplanting, and then sprayed every ten days thereafter at the same rate. The incidence, disease index, and control efficacy of tobacco bacterial wilt were investigated.

[0065] Incidence rate = number of diseased plants / total number of surveyed plants × 100%.

[0066] The disease index is investigated according to the tobacco disease classification and investigation method of the tobacco industry standard of the People's Republic of China:

[0067] Level 0: All plants are disease-free;

[0068] Level 1: There are occasional chlorotic spots on the stem, or a few leaves wither on the side with streaks;

[0069] Level 2: There are black streaks on the stem but they have not yet reached the top, or more than half of the leaves on the diseased side are withered;

[0070] Level 3: Black streaks on the stem reach the top of the plant, or more than 2 / 3 of the leaves on the diseased side wilt; Level 4: The diseased plant is basically dead.

[0071] Disease index = [∑(disease level × number of strains at this level) / (highest level × total number of strains)] × 100.

[0072] Control effect = (control disease index - treatment disease index) / control disease index × 100%.

[0073] Table 2

[0074]

[0075] As shown in Table 2, the addition ratio of the Pteris cerana aqueous extract was positively correlated with the control efficacy against bacterial wilt. Increasing the addition ratio to 30% significantly improved the control efficacy. Based on these preliminary experimental results, the inventors selected the Pteris cerana aqueous extract as an alternative raw material for the water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention.

[0076] Preliminary Experiment Example 2

[0077] Similar to Preliminary Experimental Example 1, the inventors investigated the effect of an aqueous extract of Eleutherodactyla serrata on the prevention and treatment of tobacco bacterial wilt. The commercially available water-soluble fertilizer and potting test methods used were similar to those in Preliminary Experimental Example 1 and are not described here. The grouping and experimental results are shown in Tables 3 and 4, respectively.

[0078] The aqueous extract of Herba Cynoglossi used in this preliminary experiment was prepared according to the preparation method of Example 1.

[0079] Table 3

[0080] Group Weight percentage of Goosegrass water extract and commercially available conventional water-soluble fertilizer Experimental Group 1 30％:70％ Experimental Group 2 20％:80％ Experimental Group 3 10％:90％ control group 0％:100％

[0081] Table 4

[0082]

[0083] As shown in Table 4, the aqueous extract of Eleutherodactyla truncatula also has a certain control effect on tobacco bacterial wilt, but the control effect is not as obvious as that of the aqueous extract of Pteris truncatula.

[0084] Considering that neither the addition of either a Pteris cerifera or a Herba Eupatorii extract achieved acceptable control effects against tobacco bacterial wilt, the inventors considered combining these extracts with conventional commercial water-soluble fertilizers to investigate whether these extracts have a synergistic effect in controlling tobacco bacterial wilt. The commercially available conventional water-soluble fertilizers and potting test methods used were similar to those in Preliminary Experimental Example 1. The formulated water-soluble fertilizers are grouped as shown in Table 5, and the experimental results are shown in Table 6.

[0085] Table 5

[0086]

[0087] Table 6

[0088]

[0089] As shown in Table 6, the aqueous extracts of Pteris cerana and Eleutherodactylus truncatus have a synergistic effect in preventing and controlling tobacco bacterial wilt. Therefore, the inventors considered using the aqueous extracts of Pteris cerana and Eleutherodactylus truncatus as an alternative raw material combination for developing the water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention.

[0090] Preliminary Experiment Example 3

[0091] The inventors investigated the dissolution rate of a water-soluble fertilizer prepared by mixing an aqueous extract of Pteris cerifera and an aqueous extract of Eleutherodactylus serrata with a commercially available conventional water-soluble fertilizer in Experimental Group 4 of Preliminary Experimental Example 2. The fertilizer was dissolved in 1000 times its weight of water at 25°C, without stirring, and the time required for complete dissolution to be observed by the naked eye was measured. The experimental results showed that complete dissolution took 65 minutes, and the solubility was only 46g / 100g.

[0092] The Pteris chinensis water extract and the Eleutherodactylus truncatum water extract in this preliminary experiment were both prepared according to the preparation method of Example 1.

[0093] Experimental Example 1

[0094] After the aforementioned preliminary experiments, the inventors investigated the dissolution rate and solubility of the water-soluble fertilizers obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3, as well as their efficacy in potted experiments against tobacco bacterial wilt. The potted experiment in Experimental Example 1 was conducted with reference to Preliminary Experimental Example 1, using a control group sprayed with a commercially available conventional water-soluble fertilizer.

[0095] The experimental results are shown in Table 7.

[0096] Table 7

[0097]

Claims

1. A water-soluble fertilizer for tobacco that improves quality and resists disease, characterized in that: The water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 350-400 parts of an alkali-treated purified mixture of an aqueous extract of Pteris chinensis and an aqueous extract of Eleutherodactylus truncatula, 150 parts of potassium nitrate, 80-120 parts of urea, 180-220 parts of calcium nitrate, 30-50 parts of sodium alginate, 15-25 parts of water-soluble starch, and 25-35 parts of polyglutamic acid; The mixture of the water extract of Pteris chinensis and the water extract of Herba Eupatorii is obtained by mixing the water extract of Pteris chinensis and the water extract of Herba Eupatorii in a weight ratio of 1:1 to 2; The alkali-treated purified product of the mixture of the aqueous extract of Pteris chinensis and the aqueous extract of Eleutherodactylus truncatus is obtained by placing the mixture of the aqueous extract of Pteris chinensis and the aqueous extract of Eleutherodactylus truncatus in a potassium hydroxide solution, cooling and crystallizing at 25-35° C., and then performing solid-liquid separation.

2. The tobacco-specific water-soluble fertilizer for improving quality and resisting disease according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400 parts of an alkali-treated purified mixture of a Pteris chinensis aqueous extract and a Glechoma longituba aqueous extract, 150 parts of potassium nitrate, 100 parts of urea, 200 parts of calcium nitrate, 50 parts of sodium alginate, 25 parts of water-soluble starch, and 25 parts of polyglutamic acid.

3. The tobacco-specific water-soluble fertilizer for improving quality and resisting disease according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the water extract of the fern is as follows: washing and chopping the fern, adding the fern to water with a weight 5 times that of the fern, extracting at 80°C for 4 hours, and filtering to obtain the filtrate; adding the filter residue to water with a weight 3 times that of the filter residue, extracting at 80°C for 4 hours, and filtering to obtain the filtrate; combining the two filtrates, removing water by vacuum rotary evaporation, and obtaining a solid powder.

4. The tobacco-specific water-soluble fertilizer for improving quality and resisting disease according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the water extract of Goosegrass is as follows: washing and chopping the Goosegrass, adding the water with a weight that is 5 times that of the Goosegrass, extracting at 80°C for 4 hours, and filtering to obtain the filtrate; adding the filter residue to water with a weight that is 3 times that of the filter residue, extracting at 80°C for 4 hours, and filtering to obtain the filtrate; combining the two filtrates, removing water by vacuum rotary evaporation, and obtaining a solid powder.

5. The tobacco-specific water-soluble fertilizer for improving quality and resisting disease according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the alkali-treated purified product of the mixture of the water extract of Pteris cerana and the water extract of Herba Lycopodii is as follows: placing the mixture of the water extract of Pteris cerana and the water extract of Herba Lycopodii in a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution with a temperature of 60°C and a pH of 8.0, cooling and crystallizing at 25-35°C for 2-4 hours, performing solid-liquid separation, and drying the solid phase to obtain a purified product.

6. The tobacco-specific water-soluble fertilizer for improving quality and resisting disease according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the mixture of the Pteris cerana water extract and the Herba Lycopodii water extract, the weight ratio of the Pteris cerana water extract to the Herba Lycopodii water extract is 1:1.

5.

7. A method for preparing a tobacco-specific water-soluble fertilizer for improving quality and resisting disease, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises mixing the raw materials of the water-soluble fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. Application of a tobacco-specific water-soluble fertilizer for improving quality and resisting disease in tobacco cultivation, characterized in that: The water-soluble fertilizer is the water-soluble fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and when used, it is diluted with water in an amount 1000 times the weight of the water-soluble fertilizer.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that When applying, spray once every 10 to 15 days.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that When applied, the amount of the water-soluble fertilizer sprayed each time is 100 mL / plant.

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