Equipment and method for screening inorganic fluoride in regenerated black powder for lithium battery

Abstract

The invention provides screening equipment for inorganic fluoride in regenerated black powder for lithium batteries and a screening method of the screening equipment, and relates to the field of lithium battery recycling. The screening equipment comprises an equipment shell, a feeding assembly, a monitoring assembly, a multi-stage screening assembly, a pretreatment component and a waste gas treatment component; the first screening disc, the second screening disc and the third screening disc can effectively separate materials with different particle sizes, the reciprocating driving part provides power support, efficient screening work is ensured, the monitoring assembly is matched with the smashing, heating and magnetic adsorption steps in the pretreatment component, the materials can be preliminarily crushed, and the screening efficiency is improved. According to the method, the physical state of materials is improved, magnetic impurities in the materials can be removed, meanwhile, the concentration of fluoride in a sample can be rapidly and accurately detected, and the precision of the screening process is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of lithium battery recycling, and in particular to an inorganic fluoride screening device and a screening method for recycled black powder for lithium batteries. Background Art

[0002] In recycled black powder for lithium batteries, inorganic fluorides mainly play the role of forming a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer. This is a very important role of inorganic fluorides. During the charging and discharging process of lithium batteries, the electrodes and electrolytes react to form a layer of SEI film on the electrode surface. This film can prevent further side reactions between the electrolyte and the electrodes, ensuring the normal operation of the battery. Inorganic fluorides help form an SEI layer rich in inorganic components. This layer structure is more stable and dense, which can better protect the electrodes, reduce the loss of electrode materials, and improve the cycle performance and service life of the battery. For example, some metal fluorides react with lithium to form lithium-containing fluorides. These substances participate in the formation of the SEI layer, making the SEI layer have better lithium ion conductivity and stability. The existing Chinese invention patent with publication number CN118022899B discloses a waste lithium-ion battery separation and recovery device, which relates to the technical field of waste lithium-ion battery recycling. The device comprises a recycling box, a crushing assembly is provided on the top of the recycling box, and the recycling box is connected to a first screening plate through a plurality of first elastic connecting seats. The first screening plate is provided with a scraper, and a guide groove is provided on one side of the first screening plate. A connecting rod is fixed on the scraper, and the connecting rod is inserted into the guide groove. A rotating shaft is rotatably connected to one side of the recycling box, and the rotating shaft is connected to the end of the connecting rod through a reciprocating assembly. The present invention can improve the efficiency and effect of black powder particle separation, reduce the number of separate crushing and screening and separation operations of waste lithium battery material fragments, reduce the cost of waste lithium-ion battery separation and recovery, and automatically complete the cleaning of blockages in the first sieve hole opened in the first screening plate without any electronic control equipment. However, the black powder mentioned in the patent is an important product in the lithium battery recycling process, which contains a variety of impurities, especially inorganic fluorides, which need to be effectively screened and removed. In the device of the patent, the power of the crushing component is transmitted to the main shaft through a synchronous belt, driving the cam to rotate. During the rotation of the cam, the first screening plate and the second screening plate are driven to vibrate. Some small-sized positive or negative electrode material fragments and detached black powder particles are forced to flow through the first sieve hole onto the second screening plate. Those that do not pass through the first sieve hole flow to the bottom of the first screening plate and accumulate. When the second screening plate vibrates, most of the black powder The particles and metal material fragments are screened, and the screened black powder particles flow into the bottom of the recovery box through the second screen hole and gather in the screening and filtering method. This screening and filtering method drives the first screening plate and the second screening plate to vibrate during the rotation of the cam. However, after a long period of screening work, the patent uses a guide groove to discharge the residual materials on the first screening plate and the second screening plate to the top of the second screening plate. However, it is easy for the residual materials on the first screening plate and the second screening plate to be repeatedly accumulated together, thus losing the function of the first screening plate and reducing the screening and filtering of multiple types of materials. In addition, in the pretreatment stage of this patent, most of the existing screening equipment only adopts the crushing step and then directly screens, which makes it impossible to effectively remove magnetic impurities in the material. The drying effect of the black powder after screening is not good, and additional drying and impurity removal steps are required, which increases production costs and complexity.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new inorganic fluoride screening device and screening method for recycled black powder for lithium batteries to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an inorganic fluoride screening device and a screening method for recycled black powder for lithium batteries.

[0005] The present invention provides a screening device for inorganic fluoride in recycled black powder for lithium batteries, comprising: an equipment housing, a feeding assembly, a monitoring assembly, a multi-stage screening assembly, a pretreatment component, and an exhaust gas treatment component, wherein the monitoring assembly, the multi-stage screening assembly, and the pretreatment component are all located inside the equipment housing, a material collecting member is provided on the top of the multi-stage screening assembly, one side of the monitoring assembly is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the equipment housing, the bottom end of the feeding assembly is placed inside the top end of the equipment housing, a plurality of limiting guide rails are fixedly provided inside the equipment housing, and the plurality of limiting guide rails are symmetrically arranged in groups of two, and one side of the equipment housing is connected to the exhaust gas treatment component through a plurality of exhaust gas connecting pipes; The multi-stage screening assembly includes a first screening plate, a second screening plate, a third screening plate, a dust receiving plate, two sets of reciprocating drive components and two placement parts. The two sets of reciprocating drive components are vertically arranged up and down, and both ends of the two sets of reciprocating drive components are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the equipment shell. One end of the first screening plate and the dust receiving plate passes through the side surface of the equipment shell and slides to extend into the interior of the equipment shell. One end of the two placement parts passes through the side surface of the equipment shell and slides to extend into the interior of the equipment shell, and the bottom surfaces of the two placement parts are both in contact with the inner walls of the multiple limiting guide rails. The second screening plate and the third screening plate are respectively slidably located inside the two placement parts, and the bottom ends of the second screening plate and the third screening plate are respectively in contact with the inner walls of the two placement parts.

[0006] Preferably, the reciprocating drive component includes a reciprocating drive shaft, a reciprocating member and two guide rods, the reciprocating drive shaft is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the equipment shell through a rotating shaft, the reciprocating drive shaft is rotatably sleeved on the surface of the rotating shaft, and the two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall surface of the equipment shell, and the surface of the rotating shaft is provided with two sliding drive grooves for the reciprocating member, the two drive grooves are staggered in a spiral manner, the two ends of the two guide rods are respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall surface of the equipment shell, the reciprocating member is slidably sleeved on the surfaces of the two guide rods, and the reciprocating member slides along the inner surfaces of the two drive grooves through a following member, the top end of the following member is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the reciprocating member, and a magnetic block is fixedly provided on the side of the reciprocating member adjacent to the following member, and the magnetic block is in contact with one side of the second screening disk and the third screening disk.

[0007] Preferably, the two reciprocating drive shafts are arranged vertically up and down, and one end of the two reciprocating drive shafts passes through the inner surface of the equipment shell and extends to the outside of the equipment shell, and the ends of the two reciprocating drive shafts extending to the outside of the equipment shell are fixed with a rotating body, the two rotating bodies are connected by a belt, and a motor is installed at the end of the rotating body located at the upper part away from the reciprocating drive shaft.

[0008] Preferably, the pretreatment component includes a crushing component, a heating component and a magnetic adsorption component. The four side surfaces of the crushing component are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the equipment shell, the outer surface of the heating component is respectively fitted with the inner wall of the equipment shell, and the two ends of the magnetic adsorption component are respectively rotatably connected to the inner wall of the equipment shell.

[0009] Preferably, the magnetic adsorption component includes multiple dry separation magnetic separators, and the multiple dry separation magnetic separators are equidistantly distributed. The rotating parts are rotatably provided at both ends of the multiple dry separation magnetic separators, and one end of the multiple rotating parts is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the equipment shell.

[0010] Preferably, an exhaust valve is fixedly provided inside one end of the plurality of exhaust gas connecting pipes connected to the interior of the equipment shell, and the other end of the plurality of exhaust gas connecting pipes is connected to the air inlet end of the exhaust gas treatment component.

[0011] Preferably, the first screening disc, the second screening disc and the third screening disc are distributed vertically downward in sequence, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first screening disc is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the second screening disc and the third screening disc, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second screening disc and the third screening disc are the same, the first screening disc, the second screening disc and the third screening disc are all provided with equidistant and dense screening holes, and the diameters of the screening holes opened in the first screening disc, the second screening disc and the third screening disc are arranged to decrease from top to bottom.

[0012] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for screening inorganic fluorides in recycled black powder for lithium batteries. Based on the aforementioned device for screening inorganic fluorides in recycled black powder for lithium batteries, the specific operating steps of the method for screening inorganic fluorides in recycled black powder for lithium batteries include the following steps: S1. Feeding: adding the regenerated black powder to be processed into the interior of the equipment housing through the feeding component; S2. Pretreatment: The material entering the housing of the device is first processed by the pretreatment component, including crushing, heating, and magnetic adsorption steps. The crushing component in the pretreatment component is responsible for the initial crushing of the material, the heating component is used to change the dry and wet physical state of the material for subsequent processing, and the magnetic adsorption component removes magnetic impurities in the material; S3, multi-stage screening: the material pre-treated in step S2 is gravity-dropped into the multi-stage screening assembly for further separation and screening, and the first screening disc, the second screening disc, and the third screening disc are used to perform screening at different levels. The two sets of reciprocating drive components provide screening motion power, so that the second screening disc and the third screening disc can reciprocate at a set frequency, thereby achieving effective separation of materials with different particle sizes; S4, reciprocating drive: through the reciprocating drive shaft, reciprocating member and guide rod inside the reciprocating drive component, and using the magnetic block to help the second screening disc and the third screening disc slide in the placement member, to ensure the efficient screening work; S5, monitoring and comparison: performing spectral color comparison on the material on the second screening disk by the monitoring component to determine the concentration of fluoride in the material; S6. Waste gas treatment: The waste gas generated during the screening process is guided to the waste gas treatment component through the multiple waste gas connecting pipes for purification treatment to reduce environmental pollution; S7, discharging and collecting: the materials of different particle sizes screened in step S3 fall into the dust receiving tray, and users can take out these materials for further processing or direct use as needed; Preferably, the reciprocating driving operation steps of step S4 are as follows: S101, equipment startup: After the equipment is started, the motor drives the upper rotating body to rotate, and the two rotating bodies are connected by a belt drive, so that the upper and lower sets of the reciprocating drive shafts rotate synchronously.

[0013] S102, reciprocating drive shaft rotates: the reciprocating drive shafts arranged up and down start to rotate around their rotation axes. Due to the staggered arrangement of the two screw drive grooves on the drive shafts, the reciprocating parts connected thereto tend to produce linear reciprocating motion.

[0014] S103, the reciprocating member performs reciprocating motion along the guide rods: the following member slides along the inner surface of the driving groove, and at the same time pushes the reciprocating member to perform reciprocating motion in the front-rear direction along the two fixed guide rods.

[0015] S104. The magnetic block drives the screening disc to move: the magnetic block moves along with the reciprocating motion of the reciprocating member, and drives the second screening disc and the third screening disc to perform corresponding reciprocating motion in the placement member through the magnetic adsorption effect.

[0016] S105. Vibration of the material in the screening disc: As the second screening disc and the third screening disc reciprocate, the material placed in the second screening disc and the third screening disc is subjected to the vibration force, so that the material particles jump on the second screening disc and the third screening disc and gradually pass through the screen.

[0017] S106. Classification of materials of different particle sizes: smaller particles pass through the sieve holes and fall into the receiving plate below, while larger particles remain on the sieve plate and continue to be processed until the desired particle size separation effect is achieved.

[0018] Compared with related technologies, the present invention provides an inorganic fluoride screening device and screening method for recycled black powder for lithium batteries, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. Through the mechanical guidance and precise cooperation between the reciprocating drive component and the placement piece, the second and third screening discs are efficiently driven. The two sets of reciprocating drive shafts are vertically arranged and synchronously driven by the motor and belt to rotate, so that the reciprocating piece can reciprocate linearly along the guide rod. The magnetic block at the bottom of the reciprocating piece transfers power to the screening disc through non-contact magnetic adsorption. The two do not need to be physically connected, and only rely on magnetic force to achieve power coupling. The bottom of the placement piece fits tightly with the limit guide rail in the equipment shell to ensure that it slides only in the horizontal direction, thereby The motion trajectory of the screening disc is a composite vibration of horizontal reciprocating combined with vertical micro-vibration. The second screening disc and the third screening disc are embedded in the internal groove of the placement piece and fixed by magnetic attraction to prevent them from falling off during the screening process. At the same time, the screening disc is allowed to move horizontally synchronously with the magnetic attraction block. The groove design of the limiting guide rail constrains the placement piece to slide only in the horizontal direction, ensuring that the first screening disc, the second screening disc and the third screening disc can efficiently reciprocate to separate materials of different particle sizes. At the same time, the placement piece facilitates the extraction and collection of the second screening disc and the third screening disc or the replacement of screening discs with different apertures.

[0019] 2. By combining a three-stage stepped screen design with reciprocating drive components, efficient screening of inorganic fluorides in black powder is achieved. By introducing a composite vibration mechanism in the horizontal and vertical directions, not only the fluidity of the material on the screen is improved, but also the recovery rate of fluorides is greatly increased. This high-efficiency screening method is suitable for the precise separation of inorganic fluorides in lithium battery recycled black powder.

[0020] 3. The pretreatment component integrates low-temperature plasma crushing, gradient heating and drying, and magnetic separation and electrostatic composite impurity removal processes in the pretreatment stage. Among them, the low-temperature plasma crushing technology can effectively crush the material without damaging the activity of the fluoride. The gradient heating and drying ensures that the moisture residue of the final product is lower than the industry standard requirements. The magnetic separation and electrostatic composite impurity removal process greatly controls the magnetic impurity content below 0.1%, further improving the homogenization and purity of the raw materials, playing a good pretreatment role for subsequent precise screening, eliminating the need for subsequent drying and removal of magnetic impurities, and improving production efficiency.

[0021] 4. The monitoring component uses dual-mode technology of hyperspectral imaging and fluorescence sensing, which can monitor and analyze fluoride concentration in real time, allowing dynamic adjustment of screening parameters to ensure the uniformity and stability of the SEI layer, greatly extending the service life of lithium batteries and improving their performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an inorganic fluoride screening device in recycled black powder for lithium batteries provided by the present invention; Figure 2A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the equipment housing, feed assembly, and multi-stage screening assembly provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the equipment housing, feed assembly, and pretreatment component provided by the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of the device housing and the multi-stage screening assembly provided by the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the multi-stage screening assembly provided by the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the reciprocating drive component provided by the present invention; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the reciprocating member, magnetic block and follower provided by the present invention; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the exhaust gas treatment component and the exhaust gas connecting pipe provided by the present invention; Figure 9 This is a wireframe diagram of the overall process of a method for screening inorganic fluorides in recycled black powder for lithium batteries provided by the present invention.

[0023] Numbers in the figure: 1. Equipment housing; 11. Limiting guide rail; 2. Feeding assembly; 3. Monitoring assembly; 4. Multi-stage screening assembly; 41. First screening disc; 42. Reciprocating drive component; 420. Reciprocating drive shaft; 421. Reciprocating member; 422. Guide rod; 423. Rotating shaft; 424. Magnetic block; 425. Following member; 426. Driving groove; 427. Rotating body; 43. Second screening disc; 44. Third screening disc; 45. Dust receiving disc; 46. Placement member; 47. Belt; 48. Motor; 5. Pretreatment component; 51. Crushing assembly; 52. Heating assembly; 53. Magnetic adsorption assembly; 531. Dry separation magnetic separator; 532. Rotating member; 6. Exhaust gas treatment component; 61. Exhaust valve; 7. Exhaust gas connecting pipe; 8. Aggregate member; 9. Screening hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an inorganic fluoride screening device in recycled black powder for lithium batteries provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the equipment housing, feed assembly, and multi-stage screening assembly provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the equipment housing, feed assembly, and pretreatment component provided by the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of the device housing and the multi-stage screening assembly provided by the present invention; Figure 5A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the multi-stage screening assembly provided by the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the reciprocating drive component provided by the present invention; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the reciprocating member, magnetic block and follower provided by the present invention; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the exhaust gas treatment component and the exhaust gas connecting pipe provided by the present invention; Figure 9 This is a wireframe diagram of the overall process of a method for screening inorganic fluorides in recycled black powder for lithium batteries provided by the present invention.

[0026] In the specific implementation process, Figures 1-8 As shown, the present invention provides an inorganic fluoride screening device in recycled black powder for lithium batteries and a screening method thereof, comprising: an equipment housing 1, a feeding component 2, a monitoring component 3, a multi-stage screening component 4, a pretreatment component 5 and an exhaust gas treatment component 6, wherein the monitoring component 3, the multi-stage screening component 4 and the pretreatment component 5 are all located inside the equipment housing 1, a collecting member 8 is provided on the top of the multi-stage screening component 4, one side of the monitoring component 3 is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the equipment housing 1, the bottom end of the feeding component 2 is placed inside the top end of the equipment housing 1, a plurality of limiting guide rails 11 are fixedly provided inside the equipment housing 1, and the plurality of limiting guide rails 11 are symmetrically arranged in groups of two, and one side of the equipment housing 1 is connected to the exhaust gas treatment component 6 through a plurality of exhaust gas connecting pipes 7; In one embodiment, the monitoring component 3 includes: a multispectral imaging device, a fluorescence sensor, an intelligent data analysis device, and a fill light; Multispectral imaging equipment: Using the hyperspectral imager Specim FX10, it can quickly capture the spectral characteristics of the sample; Fluorescence sensor: Ocean Insight's Flame series fluorescence spectrometer is used to support fluorescence detection in multiple wavelength ranges; Intelligent data analysis equipment: Customized spectral analysis software developed in MATLAB or Python is used to process the collected spectral data and compare it with the standard database.

[0027] It should be noted that the specific operation steps of the monitoring component 3 include the following steps: Step 1. Optical scanning: Use a high-resolution optical imaging device to scan the sample surface. The device will emit light of a specific wavelength to illuminate the sample and capture the spectral characteristics of the sample based on the reflection, absorption or fluorescence characteristics of the fluoride in the sample. Step 2: Image analysis: The optical imaging device generates a spectral or fluorescence image of the sample. The system's built-in intelligent algorithm analyzes the image and extracts characteristic information of fluoride in the sample. Step 3. Data comparison: Compare the collected spectral or fluorescence data with a pre-established standard database. The database contains spectral or fluorescence characteristics corresponding to different fluoride concentrations. The system automatically calculates and outputs the concentration range of fluoride in the sample.

[0028] It should be noted that the exhaust gas treatment component 6 adopts a bag dust collector of the Torit Power Core series. The bag dust collector has a compact design and is particularly suitable for application scenarios with limited space, and can provide a high efficiency in particulate matter removal rate.

[0029] The multi-stage screening assembly 4 includes a first screening plate 41, a second screening plate 43, a third screening plate 44, a dust receiving plate 45, two sets of reciprocating drive components 42 and two placement components 46. The two sets of reciprocating drive components 42 are vertically arranged up and down, and both ends of the two sets of reciprocating drive components 42 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the equipment housing 1. One end of the first screening plate 41 and the dust receiving plate 45 penetrates the side surface of the equipment housing 1 and slides to extend inside the equipment housing 1. One end of the two placement components 46 penetrates the side surface of the equipment housing 1 and slides to extend to the inside of the equipment housing 1, and the bottom surfaces of the two placement components 46 are both in contact with the inner walls of multiple limiting guide rails 11. The second screening plate 43 and the third screening plate 44 are respectively slidably located inside the two placement components 46, and the bottom ends of the second screening plate 43 and the third screening plate 44 are respectively in contact with the inner walls of the two placement components 46.

[0030] The reciprocating drive component 42 includes a reciprocating drive shaft 420, a reciprocating member 421 and two guide rods 422. The reciprocating drive shaft 420 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the device housing 1 through a rotating shaft 423. The reciprocating drive shaft 420 is rotatably sleeved on the surface of the rotating shaft 423, and the two ends of the rotating shaft 423 are respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall surface of the device housing 1. The surface of the rotating shaft 423 is provided with two sliding drive grooves 426 for the reciprocating member 421. The two drive grooves 426 are arranged in a staggered manner. The two ends of the guide rod 422 are fixedly connected to the inner wall surface of the equipment shell 1, and the reciprocating member 421 is slidably mounted on the surface of the two guide rods 422, and the reciprocating member 421 slides along the inner surface of the two driving grooves 426 through the following member 425. The top of the following member 425 is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the reciprocating member 421. A magnetic block 424 is fixedly provided on one side of the reciprocating member 421 adjacent to the following member 425, and the magnetic block 424 is in contact with one side of the second screening disk 43 and the third screening disk 44.

[0031] The two reciprocating drive shafts 420 are arranged vertically up and down, and one end of the two reciprocating drive shafts 420 passes through the inner surface of the equipment shell 1 and extends to the outside of the equipment shell 1. The two reciprocating drive shafts 420 are fixed with a rotating body 427 at one end extending to the outside of the equipment shell 1. The two rotating bodies 427 are connected by a belt 47, and a motor 48 is installed at the end of the upper rotating body 427 away from the reciprocating drive shaft 420.

[0032] The pretreatment component 5 includes a crushing component 51, a heating component 52 and a magnetic adsorption component 53. The four side surfaces of the crushing component 51 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the equipment shell 1, the outer surface of the heating component 52 is respectively in contact with the inner wall of the equipment shell 1, and the two ends of the magnetic adsorption component 53 are respectively rotatably connected to the inner wall of the equipment shell 1.

[0033] The magnetic adsorption component 53 includes multiple dry-selection magnetic separators 531, which are equidistantly distributed. Rotating parts 532 are rotatably provided at both ends of the multiple dry-selection magnetic separators 531, and one end of the multiple rotating parts 532 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the equipment housing 1.

[0034] An exhaust valve 61 is fixedly provided inside one end of the multiple exhaust gas connecting pipes 7 connected to the inside of the equipment shell 1 , and the other end of the multiple exhaust gas connecting pipes 7 is connected to the air inlet end of the exhaust gas treatment component 6 .

[0035] The first screening disc 41, the second screening disc 43 and the third screening disc 44 are distributed vertically downward in sequence. The cross-sectional area of ​​the first screening disc 41 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the second screening disc 43 and the third screening disc 44. The cross-sectional area of ​​the second screening disc 43 and the third screening disc 44 is the same. The first screening disc 41, the second screening disc 43 and the third screening disc 44 are all provided with equidistant and dense screening holes 9 inside. The diameters of the screening holes 9 opened inside the first screening disc 41, the second screening disc 43 and the third screening disc 44 are arranged to decrease from top to bottom.

[0036] In the specific implementation process, Figure 9 As shown, another aspect of the present invention provides a method for screening inorganic fluoride in recycled black powder for lithium batteries. Based on a device for screening inorganic fluoride in recycled black powder for lithium batteries, the specific operation steps of the method for screening inorganic fluoride in recycled black powder for lithium batteries include the following steps: S1, feeding: adding the regenerated black powder to be processed into the interior of the equipment housing 1 through the feeding component 2; S2. Pretreatment: The material entering the equipment housing 1 is first processed by the pretreatment component 5, including crushing, heating, and magnetic adsorption steps. The crushing component 51 in the pretreatment component 5 is responsible for the initial crushing of the material, the heating component 52 is used to change the dry and wet physical state of the material for subsequent processing, and the magnetic adsorption component 53 removes magnetic impurities in the material; S3, multi-stage screening: The material pretreated in step S2 is gravity-dropped into the multi-stage screening assembly 4 for further separation and screening. The first screening disc 41, the second screening disc 43, and the third screening disc 44 are used for screening at different levels. Two sets of reciprocating drive components 42 provide screening motion power, so that the second screening disc 43 and the third screening disc 44 can reciprocate at a set frequency, thereby achieving effective separation of materials of different particle sizes. S4. Reciprocating drive: The reciprocating drive shaft 420, the reciprocating member 421 and the guide rod 422 in the reciprocating drive component 42 are reciprocated, and the magnetic block 424 is used to help the second screening disc 43 and the third screening disc 44 slide in the placement member 46 to ensure efficient screening. S5, monitoring and comparison: the monitoring component 3 performs spectral color comparison on the material on the second screening disk 43 to determine the concentration of fluoride in the material; S6, waste gas treatment: the waste gas generated during the screening process is guided to the waste gas treatment component 6 through multiple waste gas connecting pipes 7 for purification treatment to reduce environmental pollution; S7, discharging and collecting: the materials of different particle sizes sieved in step S3 fall into the dust receiving tray 45, and the user can take out these materials for further processing or direct use as needed.

[0037] The operation steps of the reciprocating drive in step S4 are as follows: S101, equipment startup: After the equipment is started, the motor 48 drives the upper rotating body 427 to rotate, and the two rotating bodies 427 are connected through the belt 47, so that the upper and lower reciprocating drive shafts 420 rotate synchronously.

[0038] S102, the reciprocating drive shaft 420 rotates: the reciprocating drive shaft 420 arranged up and down starts to rotate around its rotation axis 423. Due to the two staggered driving grooves 426 on the drive shaft, this will cause the reciprocating member 421 connected thereto to have a tendency to generate linear reciprocating motion.

[0039] S103 , the reciprocating member 421 performs reciprocating motion along the guide rods 422 : the following member 425 slides along the inner surface of the driving slot 426 , and at the same time pushes the reciprocating member 421 to perform reciprocating motion in the front-back direction along the two fixed guide rods 422 .

[0040] S104, the magnetic block 424 drives the screening disc to move: the magnetic block 424 moves along with the reciprocating motion of the reciprocating member 421, and drives the second screening disc 43 and the third screening disc 44 to perform corresponding reciprocating motion in the placement member 46 through magnetic attraction.

[0041] S105. Vibration of the material in the screening disc: With the reciprocating motion of the second screening disc 43 and the third screening disc 44, the material placed in the second screening disc 43 and the third screening disc 44 is subjected to the vibration force, so that the material particles jump on the second screening disc 43 and the third screening disc 44 and gradually pass through the screen.

[0042] S106. Classification of materials of different particle sizes: smaller particles pass through the sieve holes 9 and fall into the receiving plate below, while larger particles remain on the sieve plate and continue to be processed until the desired particle size separation effect is achieved.

[0043] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention's description and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for screening inorganic fluoride in recycled black powder for lithium batteries, characterized in that: include: An equipment housing (1), a feeding component (2), a monitoring component (3), a multi-stage screening component (4), a pre-treatment component (5) and an exhaust gas treatment component (6), wherein the monitoring component (3), the multi-stage screening component (4) and the pre-treatment component (5) are all located inside the equipment housing (1), a collection component (8) is provided on the top of the multi-stage screening component (4), one side of the monitoring component (3) is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the equipment housing (1), the bottom end of the feeding component (2) is placed inside the top end of the equipment housing (1), a plurality of limiting guide rails (11) are fixedly provided inside the equipment housing (1), and the plurality of limiting guide rails (11) are symmetrically arranged in groups of two, and one side of the equipment housing (1) is connected to the exhaust gas treatment component (6) through a plurality of exhaust gas connecting pipes (7); The multi-stage screening assembly (4) comprises a first screening disc (41), a second screening disc (43), a third screening disc (44), a dust receiving disc (45), two sets of reciprocating drive components (42) and two placement components (46), the two sets of reciprocating drive components (42) are vertically arranged up and down, and both ends of the two sets of reciprocating drive components (42) are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the device housing (1), the first screening disc (41) and one end of the dust receiving disc (45) penetrate the side surface of the device housing (1) and slide to extend on the inner side wall of the device housing (1). Inside the device housing (1), one end of the two placement members (46) passes through the side surface of the device housing (1) and slides to extend into the device housing (1), and the bottom surfaces of the two placement members (46) are in contact with the inner side walls of the plurality of limiting guide rails (11), and the second screening disc (43) and the third screening disc (44) are respectively slidably located inside the two placement members (46), and the bottom ends of the second screening disc (43) and the third screening disc (44) are respectively in contact with the inner side walls of the two placement members (46).

2. The inorganic fluoride screening device in recycled black powder for lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reciprocating drive component (42) includes a reciprocating drive shaft (420), a reciprocating member (421) and two guide rods (422). The reciprocating drive shaft (420) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the device housing (1) through a rotating shaft (423). The reciprocating drive shaft (420) is rotatably sleeved on the surface of the rotating shaft (423), and the two ends of the rotating shaft (423) are respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall surface of the device housing (1). The surface of the rotating shaft (423) is provided with two sliding drive grooves (426) for the reciprocating member (421). The two drive grooves (426) are arranged in a staggered spiral pattern. The two guide rods (422) are connected to the inner wall surface of the device housing (1). The two ends of the guide rod (422) are fixedly connected to the inner wall surface of the device housing (1), and the reciprocating member (421) is slidably mounted on the surfaces of the two guide rods (422), and the reciprocating member (421) slides along the inner surfaces of the two driving grooves (426) through the following member (425). The top end of the following member (425) is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the reciprocating member (421). A magnetic block (424) is fixedly provided on one side of the reciprocating member (421) adjacent to the following member (425), and the magnetic block (424) is in contact with one side of the second screening disk (43) and the third screening disk (44).

3. The inorganic fluoride screening device in recycled black powder for lithium batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two reciprocating drive shafts (420) are vertically arranged up and down, and one end of the two reciprocating drive shafts (420) passes through the inner surface of the device housing (1) and extends to the outside of the device housing (1), and the ends of the two reciprocating drive shafts (420) extending to the outside of the device housing (1) are fixed with a rotating body (427), the two rotating bodies (427) are connected to each other by a belt (47), and a motor (48) is installed at the end of the rotating body (427) located at the upper part away from the reciprocating drive shaft (420).

4. The inorganic fluoride screening device in recycled black powder for lithium batteries according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pretreatment component (5) comprises a crushing component (51), a heating component (52) and a magnetic adsorption component (53); the four side surfaces of the crushing component (51) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the device housing (1); the outer surface of the heating component (52) is respectively in contact with the inner wall of the device housing (1); and the two ends of the magnetic adsorption component (53) are respectively rotatably connected to the inner wall of the device housing (1).

5. The inorganic fluoride screening device in recycled black powder for lithium batteries according to claim 4, characterized in that: The magnetic adsorption assembly (53) comprises a plurality of dry separation magnetic separators (531), wherein the plurality of dry separation magnetic separators (531) are equidistantly distributed, and the plurality of dry separation magnetic separators (531) are rotatably provided with rotating members (532) at both ends, and one end of the plurality of rotating members (532) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the device housing (1).

6. The device for screening inorganic fluoride in recycled black powder for lithium batteries according to claim 5, characterized in that: An exhaust valve (61) is fixedly provided inside one end of the plurality of exhaust gas connecting pipes (7) connected to the interior of the equipment housing (1), and the other end of the plurality of exhaust gas connecting pipes (7) is connected to the exhaust gas treatment component (6) inlet end.

7. The device for screening inorganic fluoride in recycled black powder for lithium batteries according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first screening disc (41), the second screening disc (43) and the third screening disc (44) are vertically distributed downward in sequence. The cross-sectional area of ​​the first screening disc (41) is smaller than the cross-sectional areas of the second screening disc (43) and the third screening disc (44). The cross-sectional areas of the second screening disc (43) and the third screening disc (44) are the same. The first screening disc (41), the second screening disc (43) and the third screening disc (44) are all provided with equidistant and densely distributed screening holes (9). The diameters of the screening holes (9) provided in the first screening disc (41), the second screening disc (43) and the third screening disc (44) are arranged to decrease from top to bottom.

8. A method for screening inorganic fluoride in recycled black powder for lithium batteries, based on the device for screening inorganic fluoride in recycled black powder for lithium batteries according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The specific operation steps of the method for screening inorganic fluoride in recycled black powder for lithium batteries include the following steps: S1, feeding: adding the regenerated black powder to be processed into the interior of the equipment housing (1) through the feeding component (2); S2, pretreatment: the material entering the interior of the equipment housing (1) is first processed by the pretreatment component (5) including crushing, heating and magnetic adsorption steps, wherein the crushing component (51) in the pretreatment component (5) is responsible for the preliminary crushing of the material, the heating component (52) is used to change the dry and wet physical state of the material for subsequent processing, and the magnetic adsorption component (53) removes magnetic impurities in the material; S3, multi-stage screening: the material pre-treated in step S2 is gravity-dropped into the multi-stage screening assembly (4) for further separation and screening, and the first screening disc (41), the second screening disc (43) and the third screening disc (44) are used to perform screening at different levels. The two sets of reciprocating drive components (42) provide screening motion power, so that the second screening disc (43) and the third screening disc (44) can reciprocate at a set frequency, thereby achieving effective separation of materials with different particle sizes; S4, reciprocating drive: through the reciprocating drive shaft (420), the reciprocating member (421) and the guide rod (422) inside the reciprocating drive component (42), and using the magnetic block (424) to help the second screening disc (43) and the third screening disc (44) slide in the placement member (46), the screening work is ensured to be carried out efficiently; S5, monitoring and comparison: performing spectral color comparison on the material on the second screening disc (43) through the monitoring component (3) to determine the concentration of fluoride in the material; S6, waste gas treatment: the waste gas generated during the screening process is guided to the waste gas treatment component (6) through the plurality of waste gas connecting pipes (7) for purification treatment to reduce environmental pollution; S7, discharging and collecting: the materials of different particle sizes after screening in step S3 fall into the dust receiving tray (45), and the user can take out these materials for further processing or direct use as needed.

9. The method for screening inorganic fluoride in recycled black powder for lithium batteries according to claim 7, characterized in that: The operation steps of the reciprocating drive in step S4 are as follows: S101, equipment startup: After the equipment is started, the motor (48) drives the upper rotating body (427) to rotate, and the two rotating bodies (427) are connected by a belt (47) to make the upper and lower sets of the reciprocating drive shafts (420) rotate synchronously; S102, the reciprocating drive shaft (420) rotates: the reciprocating drive shaft (420) arranged above and below starts to rotate around its rotation axis (423). Due to the two staggered drive grooves (426) on the drive shaft, this will cause the reciprocating member (421) connected thereto to generate a tendency to reciprocate linearly; S103, the reciprocating member (421) performs reciprocating motion along the guide rod (422): the following member (425) slides along the inner surface of the driving groove (426), and at the same time pushes the reciprocating member (421) to perform reciprocating motion in the front-back direction along the two fixed guide rods (422); S104, the magnetic block (424) drives the screening disc to move: the magnetic block (424) moves along with the reciprocating motion of the reciprocating member (421), and drives the second screening disc (43) and the third screening disc (44) to perform corresponding reciprocating motion in the placement member (46) through the magnetic attraction effect; S105, vibration of the material in the screening disc: as the second screening disc (43) and the third screening disc (44) reciprocate, the material placed in the second screening disc (43) and the third screening disc (44) is subjected to the vibration force, so that the material particles jump on the second screening disc (43) and the third screening disc (44) and gradually pass through the screen; S106, grading of materials of different particle sizes: smaller particles pass through the sieve holes (9) and fall into the receiving plate below, while larger particles remain on the sieve plate and continue to be processed until the desired particle size separation effect is achieved.

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