Press fitting tool with self-aligning function

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of press fitting devices, and provides a press fitting tool with a self-aligning function. The first press-fitting assembly is arranged on one side of the positioning seat in the bushing press-fitting direction, the first press-fitting assembly comprises a driving part, and the movement direction of the output end of the driving part is parallel to the bushing press-fitting direction; a press fitting part; the centering adjusting piece is arranged between the driving piece and the press fitting piece; and the second press-fitting assembly is arranged on the side, away from the first press-fitting assembly, of the positioning seat and is opposite to the first press-fitting assembly, and the second press-fitting assembly is used for bearing the bushings conveyed by the press-fitting parts and applying thrust opposite to the press-fitting parts to the bushings so that the bushings can be pressed into the mounting holes. Compared with the prior art, the centering adjusting part is arranged, so that the press-fitting part can freely and finely adjust the position in the plane perpendicular to the press-fitting direction when the press-fitting part is subjected to counter-acting force from a workpiece mounting hole, and therefore the press-fitting part can automatically adapt to the actual axis of the mounting hole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of press-fitting devices, and in particular relates to a press-fitting tool with a self-aligning function. Background Art

[0002] In traditional workpiece press-fitting processes, bushings are typically positioned to secure the workpiece using their external shape. Then, a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder is used to press the bushing into the workpiece's mounting hole. This method is suitable for applications where the form and position tolerances between the mounting hole and the workpiece's external shape are relatively small, ensuring that the bushing's axis is essentially aligned with the press-fitting direction, enabling smooth installation.

[0003] However, traditional press-fitting methods present significant drawbacks when there are significant geometrical and positional tolerances between the workpiece's shape (especially die-cast parts) and the mounting hole. While the output shaft of a power mechanism (such as the push rod of a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder) typically moves in a fixed direction, the axis of the mounting hole can deviate from its theoretical position due to machining errors or deformation within the workpiece. This can cause the axial direction of the output shaft to be non-colinear with the actual axis of the mounting hole. In such cases, the bushing can be susceptible to lateral forces during press-fitting, leading to misalignment and even damage to the bushing or workpiece.

[0004] Especially on automated production lines, frequent bushing deflection or jamming during press-fitting not only reduces production efficiency but can also increase scrap rates and compromise product quality. Therefore, a press-fitting tool that can automatically adjust the centering position is urgently needed to address the applicability issues of traditional press-fitting methods in situations with large geometric and positional tolerances. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a press-fitting tool with a self-aligning function in view of the current status of the existing technology.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: to propose a press-fitting tool with a self-aligning function for press-fitting a bushing into a mounting hole of a workpiece, the press-fitting tool comprising: A positioning seat, which is used to fix the workpiece to be press-fitted with the bushing; A first press-fitting assembly is provided on one side of the positioning seat along the bushing press-fitting direction, and the first press-fitting assembly includes: a driving member, wherein the movement direction of the output end of the driving member is parallel to the bushing press-fitting direction; a press-fitting member, which is used to receive and push the bushing to move; and a centering adjustment member, which is provided between the driving member and the press-fitting member and is used to connect the press-fitting member to the output end of the driving member; a second press-fitting assembly, which is arranged on a side of the positioning seat away from the first press-fitting assembly and opposite to the first press-fitting assembly, and is used to receive the bushing delivered by the press-fitting component and apply a thrust opposite to that of the press-fitting component to the bushing, so as to press the bushing into the mounting hole; In the process of pressing the bushing into the workpiece, when the centering adjustment part is subjected to the reaction force of the press-fitting part, the centering adjustment part allows the press-fitting part to move in a plane perpendicular to the pressing direction of the bushing, so that the press-fitting part automatically adapts to the axis of the mounting hole on the workpiece.

[0007] In the above-mentioned press-fitting tool with a self-aligning function, the press-fitting part has a first moving direction and a second moving direction in a plane perpendicular to the press-fitting direction of the bushing, and the first moving direction and the second moving direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0008] In the above-mentioned press-fitting tool with self-aligning function, the centering adjustment member includes: a first fixing bracket connected to the output end of the driving member; a first moving block, having two ends along the first moving direction connected to the first fixing frame via first elastic members, so that the first moving block can move along the first moving direction; The second moving block is connected to the first fixing frame at both ends along the second moving direction through second elastic members, so that the second moving block can move along the second moving direction; the pressing member is connected to one end of the second moving block away from the first moving block.

[0009] In the above-mentioned press-fitting fixture with a self-aligning function, the first fixing frame is provided with a first countersunk hole at both ends along the first moving direction, a first height bolt is provided in the first countersunk hole, the first height bolt passes through the first countersunk hole and is connected to the first moving block, and the first elastic member is sleeved on the outside of the first height bolt; The first fixing frame is provided with a second countersunk hole at both ends along the second moving direction, and a second height bolt is provided in the second countersunk hole. The second height bolt passes through the second countersunk hole and is connected to the second moving block, and the second elastic member is sleeved on the outside of the second height bolt.

[0010] In the above-mentioned press-fitting tool with a self-aligning function, the centering adjustment member further includes: A first adjusting rod, comprising a first rod body and a first abutment platform, wherein the diameter of the first abutment platform is larger than the diameter of the first rod body; The second adjusting rod comprises a second rod body and a second abutment platform, wherein the diameter of the second abutment platform is larger than the diameter of the second rod body; A first adjusting block is provided at one end of the first fixing frame along the first moving direction, the first rod passes through the first adjusting block and is threadedly connected to the first moving block, and the first abutting platform is movably pressed against the first adjusting block; A second adjusting block is provided at one end of the first fixing frame along the second moving direction. The second rod passes through the second adjusting block and is threadedly connected to the second moving block. The second abutting platform is movably pressed against the second adjusting block.

[0011] In the above-mentioned press-fitting fixture with a self-aligning function, a first slider is provided at one end of the first moving block away from the second moving block, a first slide rail extending along the first moving direction is provided on the first fixed frame, and the first slider is slidably provided on the first slide rail; A second sliding block is provided at one end of the second moving block facing the first moving block. A second slide rail extending along the second moving direction is provided on the first moving block. The second sliding block is slidably arranged on the second slide rail.

[0012] In the above-mentioned press-fitting tool with self-aligning function, the press-fitting part includes: A first pressing platform is provided on the centering adjustment member and forms a first fixed space with the centering adjustment member; A first sleeve, one end of which is provided with a first hanging platform, the first hanging platform is fixed in the first fixing space, and the other end passes through the first pressing platform to form a first accommodating cavity for accommodating the bushing; A pressure rod, one end of which is provided with a second hanging platform, a third countersunk hole is provided in the first sleeve, the second hanging platform is movably provided at the large end of the third countersunk hole and abuts against the transition area of ​​the hole wall, and the other end of the pressure rod passes through the first accommodating cavity and extends out of the first sleeve; The third elastic member is arranged in the large end of the third countersunk hole and is tightly pressed against the second hanging platform.

[0013] The above-mentioned press-fitting tool with self-aligning function further includes: a support platform, on which the first press-fit assembly and the second press-fit assembly are fixed; a third slide rail, which is arranged on the support platform along the bushing press-fitting direction; A third sliding block is provided on the positioning seat and is slidably matched with the third slide rail, so that the positioning seat can be movably provided on the supporting platform.

[0014] In the above-mentioned press-fitting tool with self-aligning function, the second press-fitting component includes: a second fixing frame; a third moving block, whose two ends along the first moving direction are connected to the second fixing frame via fourth elastic members; a fourth moving block, whose two ends along the second moving direction are connected to the second fixing frame via fifth elastic members; a second pressing platform, which is disposed on the fourth moving block and forms a second fixed space with the fourth moving block; A second sleeve, one end of which is provided with a third hanging platform and fixed in the second fixing space, and the other end of which passes through the second pressing platform and forms a second accommodating cavity to receive the bushing; A connecting rod, one end of which is provided with a fourth hanging platform, a fourth countersunk hole is provided in the second sleeve, the fourth hanging platform is movably provided at the large end of the fourth countersunk hole and abuts against the transition area of ​​the hole wall, and the other end of the connecting rod extends out of the second sleeve; A sixth elastic member is disposed in the large end of the fourth countersunk hole and is tightly pressed against the fourth hanging platform.

[0015] In the above-mentioned press-fitting fixture with self-aligning function, the positioning seat includes: Positioning plate; A positioning block and a contour block arranged along the circumference of the positioning block, wherein the positioning block is used to position the workpiece; The pressing cylinder is arranged on the positioning plate to press the workpiece.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) By providing a centering adjustment member, the press-fitted part can be fine-tuned in a plane perpendicular to the press-fitting direction when subjected to the reaction force from the workpiece mounting hole, thereby automatically adapting to the actual axis of the mounting hole. This structure effectively compensates for the centering deviation caused by the large form and position tolerance between the workpiece shape and the mounting hole, avoids the bushing from being subjected to lateral force during the press-fitting process, significantly reduces the risk of bushing deflection, jamming, or workpiece damage, and improves the reliability and yield of press-fitting. It is particularly suitable for the requirements of high-consistency assembly in automated production lines.

[0018] (2) The centering adjustment member adopts a double-layer moving block and an elastic connection structure. The first moving block floats independently in the first direction and the second moving block floats independently in the second direction, and the elastic member provides a reset force, thereby realizing a two-stage decoupled plane self-centering function.

[0019] (3) By setting up an adjustable adjustment rod and abutment structure, the initial position and floating range of the moving block can be precisely controlled to meet the centering requirements of different types of workpieces during the press-fitting process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 The present invention is a three-dimensional diagram of a press-fitting tool with a self-aligning function in operation.

[0021] Figure 2 is a perspective view of the first press-fit assembly.

[0022] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Top view of .

[0023] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Cross-sectional view along the AA axis.

[0024] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 A three-dimensional diagram with the driving parts omitted.

[0025] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A three-dimensional diagram from another direction after omitting part of the first fixing frame structure.

[0026] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 A three-dimensional diagram of the central structure.

[0027] Figure 8 is a perspective view of the second press-fit assembly.

[0028] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 Top view of .

[0029] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 Cross-sectional view along the BB direction.

[0030] Figure 11 It is a perspective view of the second fixing bracket.

[0031] Figure 12 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram after omitting the first press-fit assembly and the second press-fit assembly.

[0032] In the figure, 1, workpiece; 2, bushing; 100, positioning seat; 110, positioning plate; 120, positioning block; 130, profiling block; 140, pressing cylinder; 200, first press-fitting assembly; 210, driving member; 220, press-fitting member; 2201, first pressing platform; 2202, first sleeve; 2202a, first hanging platform; 2202b, first accommodating cavity; 2202c, third countersunk hole; 2203, pressing rod; 2203a, Second hanging platform; 2204, third elastic member; 230, centering adjustment member; 2301, first fixing bracket; 2302, first moving block; 2303, first elastic member; 2304, second moving block; 2305, second elastic member; 2306, first countersunk hole; 2307, first height bolt; 2308, second countersunk hole; 2309, second height bolt; 2310, first adjusting rod; 2310a, first rod body; 231 0b, first abutment platform; 2311, second adjustment rod; 2311a, second rod body; 2311b, second abutment platform; 2312, first adjustment block; 2313, second adjustment block; 2314, first slider; 2315, first slide rail; 2316, second slider; 2317, second slide rail; 300, second press-fit assembly; 310, second fixing bracket; 320, third moving block; 330, fourth elastic member; 340, fourth Moving block; 350, fifth elastic member; 360, second pressing platform; 370, second sleeve; 3701, third hanging platform; 3702, second accommodating chamber; 3703, fourth countersunk hole; 380, receiving rod; 3801, fourth hanging platform; 390, sixth elastic member; 400, bushing pressing direction; 500, first moving direction; 600, second moving direction; 700, supporting platform; 710, third slide rail; 720, third slider. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings to further describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0034] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship and movement status of various components in a certain specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0035] like Figures 1 to 12 As shown, a press-fitting tool with a self-aligning function in this solution is used to press-fit a bushing 2 into a mounting hole of a workpiece 1. The press-fitting tool includes: a positioning seat 100, a first press-fitting assembly 200, and a second press-fitting assembly 300.

[0036] Specifically, the positioning seat 100 is used to fix the workpiece 1 to be press-fitted with the bushing 2. During the press-fitting process, in order to prevent the workpiece 1 from shifting relative to the positioning seat 100 when subjected to force, the positioning seat 100 provides reliable clamping support, thereby ensuring the positioning accuracy of the bushing 2 press-fitting.

[0037] The first press-fitting assembly 200 is the main press-fitting structure of the bushing 2, which is mainly used to receive the bushing 2 and press it into the mounting hole of the workpiece 1 by applying pressure. The assembly is arranged on one side of the positioning seat 100 along the press-fitting direction of the bushing 2.

[0038] The first press-fitting assembly 200 includes: a driver 210, which can be a pneumatic cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, or motor, providing the primary driving force for the first press-fitting assembly 200. The direction of motion of its output end is parallel to the direction of press-fitting of the bushing 2. A press-fitting member 220, which supports and pushes the bushing 2 during the press-fitting process. The bushing 2 can be placed on the press-fitting member 220 by an operator or an automatic loading device such as a robot. A centering adjustment member 230, located between the driver 210 and the press-fitting member 220, connects the press-fitting member 220 to the output end of the driver 210 and allows for adaptive adjustment within a certain range.

[0039] The second press-fit assembly 300, which serves as a receiving and counteracting structure for the bushing 2, is located on a side of the positioning seat 100 away from the first press-fit assembly 200 and is arranged opposite the first press-fit assembly 200. When the first press-fit assembly 200 drives the bushing 2 toward the workpiece 1, the second press-fit assembly 300 receives the bushing 2 fed by the press-fitting member 220 and applies a supporting force in the opposite direction to that of the first press-fit assembly 200, ensuring that the bushing 2 is accurately and smoothly pressed into the mounting hole. It also acts as a position limiter, improving press-fit accuracy.

[0040] In another embodiment, the second press-fitting assembly 300 can also be equipped with an active drive component such as a pneumatic cylinder, an oil cylinder, or a motor. In this mode, when the first press-fitting assembly 200 pushes the bushing 2 in, the second press-fitting assembly 300 can act synchronously, actively taking over and applying the reverse thrust, achieving bidirectional coordinated press-fitting and further ensuring that the bushing 2 is fully in place.

[0041] In the process of pressing the bushing 2 into the workpiece 1, when the pressing part 220 is subjected to the reaction force from the mounting hole, the force is transmitted to the centering adjustment part 230, allowing the pressing part 220 to move slightly in a plane perpendicular to the bushing pressing direction 400, thereby automatically adjusting the position to adapt to the actual axial direction of the mounting hole on the workpiece 1.

[0042] This solution incorporates a centering adjustment member 230, enabling press-fitting member 220 to fine-tune its position within a plane perpendicular to the press-fitting direction when subjected to a reaction force from the mounting hole of workpiece 1, thereby automatically adapting to the actual axis of the mounting hole. This structure effectively compensates for centering deviations caused by large geometric tolerances between the workpiece 1 (especially die-cast parts) and the mounting hole, preventing lateral forces on bushing 2 during press-fitting. This significantly reduces the risk of bushing 2 deflection, seizure, or damage to the workpiece 1, improving press-fit reliability and yield. This structure is particularly well-suited for the high-consistency assembly requirements of automated production lines.

[0043] It is worth mentioning that the pressing part 220 has a first moving direction 500 and a second moving direction 600 in a plane perpendicular to the bushing pressing direction 400 , and the first moving direction 500 and the second moving direction 600 are perpendicular to each other.

[0044] In this solution, the pressing direction of bushing 2 is defined as Figure 1 The direction from the lower right to the upper left (i.e., the direction from right to left in the overall layout of the press tooling); the first moving direction 500 is defined as Figure 1 The up and down direction in the press tooling (i.e., the up and down direction of the press tooling); the second moving direction 600 is defined as Figure 1 By limiting the pressing member 220 to be movable in two mutually perpendicular directions, its omnidirectional adaptive adjustment capability in a plane perpendicular to the pressing direction is achieved.

[0045] Compared with the structure that only supports floating in a single direction, this solution can more comprehensively compensate for the position deviation of the mounting hole of the workpiece 1 in any direction, significantly improve the centering accuracy and the stability of the press-fitting process, ensure that the bushing 2 always enters smoothly along the actual axis of the mounting hole, effectively avoid deflection or jamming, and thus improve the adaptability and versatility of the tooling.

[0046] In this solution, the centering adjustment member 230 includes: a first fixed frame 2301, connected to the output end of the driving member 210; a first movable block 2302, connected to the first fixed frame 2301 through a first elastic member 2303 at both ends along the first moving direction 500, so that the first movable block 2302 can move along the first moving direction 500; a second movable block 2304, connected to the first fixed frame 2301 through a second elastic member 2305 at both ends along the second moving direction 600, so that the second movable block 2304 can move along the second moving direction 600; and a press-fitting member 220 is connected to one end of the second movable block 2304 away from the first movable block 2302.

[0047] The first fixing bracket 2301 can be fixed to the output end of the driving member 210 via a threaded connection. The first elastic member 2303 and the second elastic member 2305 are preferably springs. During the process of the first press-fitting assembly 200 pushing the bushing 2 toward the mounting hole of the workpiece 1 for press-fitting, the first elastic member 2303 allows the first movable block 2302 to move relative to the first moving direction 500, and the second elastic member 2305 allows the second movable block 2304 to move relative to the second moving direction 600, thereby ultimately achieving floating adjustment of the press-fitting member 220 in two mutually perpendicular directions, allowing it to adapt to the actual axial position of the mounting hole.

[0048] The centering adjustment member 230 utilizes a double-layered movable block and elastic connection structure. With the first movable block 2302 independently floating in a first direction and the second movable block 2304 floating in a second direction, and with the elastic member providing a reset force, this achieves a two-stage decoupled planar self-aligning function. This structural design is simple, reliable, and responsive. It can quickly adjust the position of the press-fitting member 220 under slight offset loads and automatically reset to its initial center position after press-fitting is complete, facilitating continuous and stable automated operation. Furthermore, while providing guidance and reset functions, the elastic member exerts a moderate restraining force, effectively preventing excessive displacement of the moving components and ensuring both system flexibility and stability.

[0049] Furthermore, the first fixed frame 2301 is provided with a first countersunk hole 2306 at both ends along the first moving direction 500, and a first equal-height bolt 2307 is provided in the first countersunk hole 2306. The first equal-height bolt 2307 passes through the first countersunk hole 2306 and is connected to the first moving block 2302. The first elastic member 2303 is sleeved on the outside of the first equal-height bolt 2307.

[0050] First height bolts 2307 are used to elastically connect first movable block 2302 to first fixing bracket 2301 via first elastic member 2303. By fitting first elastic member 2303 over first height bolts 2307, the elastic member's installation stability is ensured while also providing guidance during compression and release, ensuring accurate deformation and preventing deflection.

[0051] Similarly, the first fixed frame 2301 is provided with a second countersunk hole 2308 at both ends along the second moving direction 600, and a second equal-height bolt 2309 is provided in the second countersunk hole 2308. The second equal-height bolt 2309 passes through the second countersunk hole 2308 and is connected to the second moving block 2304. The second elastic member 2305 is sleeved on the outside of the second equal-height bolt 2309.

[0052] The second equal height bolt 2309 is used to realize the elastic connection between the second moving block 2304 and the first fixed frame 2301 through the second elastic member 2305, and by sleeved on the outside of the second equal height bolt 2309, it is ensured that the installation is reliable and the movement guidance is accurate.

[0053] This solution utilizes a countersunk hole with a contoured bolt design, allowing the bolt head to sink into the hole and hide within the mounting bracket, effectively avoiding interference with moving parts and improving the compactness and operational safety of the structure. Furthermore, the elastic element is directly placed on the outside of the contoured bolt, not only achieving precise guidance and preload control of the elastic element, but also effectively preventing it from bending, skewing, or becoming unstable during compression or tension. This significantly enhances the reliability and service life of the elastic reset, thereby ensuring the repeatability and long-term stability of the centering mechanism's action.

[0054] Furthermore, the centering adjustment member 230 further includes: a first adjustment rod 2310, including a first rod body 2310a and a first abutment platform 2310b, wherein the diameter of the first abutment platform 2310b is larger than the diameter of the first rod body 2310a; a second adjustment rod 2311, including a second rod body 2311a and a second abutment platform 2311b, wherein the diameter of the second abutment platform 2311b is larger than the diameter of the second rod body 2311a; wherein the first fixing frame 2301 is provided with a first end along the first moving direction 500 Adjusting block 2312, the first rod body 2310a passes through the first adjusting block 2312 and is threadedly connected to the first moving block 2302, and the first abutment platform 2310b is movably pressed against the first adjusting block 2312; the first fixed frame 2301 is provided with a second adjusting block 2313 at one end along the second moving direction 600, the second rod body 2311a passes through the second adjusting block 2313 and is threadedly connected to the second moving block 2304, and the second abutment platform 2311b is movably pressed against the second adjusting block 2313.

[0055] The first adjusting rod 2310 and the second adjusting rod 2311 are respectively configured as adjusting components for adjusting the pre-compression amount of the first elastic member 2303 and the second elastic member 2305 .

[0056] Specifically, the first rod 2310a is threadedly connected to the first adjustment block 2312. Rotating the first abutment 2310b causes the first rod 2310a to advance or retract along the first movement direction 500, thereby pushing the first movable block 2302 to adjust the pre-compression of the first elastic members 2303 on either side thereof. Similarly, the second rod 2311a is threadedly connected to the second adjustment block 2313. Rotating the second abutment 2311b causes the second rod 2311a to advance or retract along the second movement direction 600, thereby pushing the second movable block 2304 to adjust the pre-compression of the second elastic members 2305 on either side thereof.

[0057] By incorporating an adjustable lever and abutment structure, precise control of the initial position and floating range of the movable block is achieved. Rotating the lever changes the length of its extension into the fixed frame, thereby adjusting the center position or limit clearance of the movable block to accommodate the centering requirements of different workpiece sizes during press-fitting. This design significantly enhances the tooling's adjustability and process flexibility, facilitating rapid changeovers and parameter adjustments, broadening its applicability, and reducing equipment replacement costs associated with product changes.

[0058] Preferably, a first slider 2314 is provided at one end of the first moving block 2302 away from the second moving block 2304 , and a first slide rail 2315 extending along the first moving direction 500 is provided on the first fixing frame 2301 , and the first slider 2314 is slidably provided on the first slide rail 2315 .

[0059] The first sliding block 2314 and the first moving block 2302 can be fixed by means of threaded connection or welding; the first sliding rail 2315 and the first fixing frame 2301 can also be connected by means of threaded connection or welding.

[0060] A second slider 2316 is provided at one end of the second moving block 2304 facing the first moving block 2302 . A second slide rail 2317 extending along the second moving direction 600 is provided on the first moving block 2302 . The second slider 2316 is slidably disposed on the second slide rail 2317 .

[0061] Similarly, the second slider 2316 and the second moving block 2304 can be fixed by means of threaded connection or welding; the second slide rail 2317 and the first moving block 2302 can also be connected by means of threaded connection or welding.

[0062] The nested guide structure formed by the first slider 2314 and first rail 2315, and the second slider 2316 and second rail 2317, provides high-precision linear motion guidance for the first and second movable blocks 2302 and 2304. This structure effectively suppresses motion deviations such as wobbling, twisting, or tilting that may be caused by the elastic connection, ensuring that the press-fitting part 220 only moves in two orthogonal directions within the plane during the self-aligning process, without rotational freedom. This guide design significantly improves the smoothness of movement and the repeatability of the centering action, ensuring the required straightness and coaxiality during the press-fitting of the bushing 2, thereby enhancing assembly quality and product consistency.

[0063] It is worth mentioning that the press-fitting part 220 includes: a first pressing platform 2201, which is provided on the centering adjustment part 230 and forms a first fixed space with the centering adjustment part 230; a first sleeve 2202, one end of which is provided with a first hanging platform 2202a, the first hanging platform 2202a is fixed in the first fixed space, and the other end passes through the first pressing platform 2201 and forms a first accommodating cavity 2202b to accommodate the bushing 2; a pressing rod 2203, one end of which is provided with a second hanging platform 2203a, and the first sleeve 2202 is provided with a third countersunk hole 2202c, the second hanging platform 2203a is movably provided at the large end of the third countersunk hole 2202c and abuts against the transition area of ​​the hole wall, and the other end of the pressing rod 2203 passes through the first accommodating cavity 2202b and extends out of the first sleeve 2202; a third elastic part 2204, which is provided in the large end of the third countersunk hole 2202c and abuts against the second hanging platform 2203a.

[0064] The first pressing platform 2201 is used to secure the first sleeve 2202 to the centering adjustment member 230 (i.e., the second movable block 2304). The first sleeve 2202 serves as a guide and mounting structure for the pressing rod 2203. The second hanging platform 2203a on the pressing rod 2203 cooperates with the third countersunk hole 2202c in the first sleeve 2202, achieving an axially movable connection between the pressing rod 2203 and the first sleeve 2202. The first accommodating cavity 2202b provides a positioning space for the bushing 2 when the press-fitting member 220 receives it, further ensuring the press-fitting accuracy of the bushing 2.

[0065] During the press-fitting process, the press rod 2203 is inserted into the inner hole of the bushing 2 and drives the bushing 2 to move. In order to prevent the bushing 2 from detaching from the press rod 2203 during movement, the end of the press rod 2203 needs to be passed through the through hole of the bushing 2. However, in the subsequent press-fitting stage, if the press rod 2203 rigidly abuts against the second press-fitting assembly 300, it may prevent the bushing 2 from being fully pressed into the mounting hole, affecting the press-fitting into place. To this end, the press rod 2203 is installed in the first sleeve 2202 in an axially movable manner through the cooperation of the second hanging platform 2203a and the third countersunk hole 2202c, and a third elastic member 2204 (preferably a spring) is provided at the large end of the third countersunk hole 2202c to apply pre-pressure to the second hanging platform 2203a.

[0066] The press-fitting part 220 adopts a floating pressure rod 2203 structure, and a pre-tightening force is applied to the second hanging platform 2203a through the third elastic part 2204, so that the pressure rod 2203 can float axially within the first sleeve 2202 for a certain distance. In the initial stage of press-fitting, the pressure rod 2203 extends under the action of elastic force, first contacts the bushing 2 and applies initial pressure, automatically compensating for the slight height difference or tilt between the bushing 2 and the workpiece 1; when the bushing 2 enters the mounting hole and encounters resistance, the pressure rod 2203 is forced to retract, while the first sleeve 2202 continues to move forward under the drive, pushing the bushing 2 to complete the final press-fitting. This segmented press-fitting mechanism effectively alleviates the impact load, avoids damage to the end face of the bushing 2 due to rigid collision, achieves a smooth transition, and significantly improves the reliability of the press-fitting process and product consistency.

[0067] This solution also includes: a support platform 700, a first press-fitting assembly 200 and a second press-fitting assembly 300 are fixed on the support platform 700; a third slide rail 710, which is arranged on the support platform 700 along the bushing press-fitting direction 400; a third slider 720, which is arranged on the positioning seat 100 and slides with the third slide rail 710, so that the positioning seat 100 can be movably arranged on the support platform 700.

[0068] The support platform 700 serves as the support and installation base for the entire press-fitting tool. The third slide rail 710 and the third slider 720 are disposed between the support platform 700 and the positioning seat 100 to form a guide connection structure, allowing the positioning seat 100 to move relative to the support platform 700 along the press-fitting direction.

[0069] This movable connection structure enables the press-fitting element 220 to adaptively adjust according to the actual axial position of the mounting hole after the first press-fitting assembly 200 pushes the bushing 2 into contact with the mounting hole of the workpiece 1, thereby extending the centering stroke and improving centering accuracy. Furthermore, during the press-fitting process of the bushing 2, the workpiece 1 can move with the locating seat 100, effectively alleviating stress concentration caused by rigid jamming. This is particularly suitable for assembling thin-walled or easily deformable workpieces 1.

[0070] In addition, the structure can absorb dynamic impacts during the press-fitting process, reduce damage to the tooling and workpiece 1, extend the service life of the equipment, and significantly improve the flexibility, stability, and safety of the press-fitting process.

[0071] In this embodiment, the second press assembly 300 includes: a second fixed frame 310; a third movable block 320, whose two ends along the first moving direction 500 are connected to the second fixed frame 310 via a fourth elastic member 330; a fourth movable block 340, whose two ends along the second moving direction 600 are connected to the second fixed frame 310 via a fifth elastic member 350; a second pressing platform 360, which is provided on the fourth movable block 340 and forms a second fixed space with the fourth movable block 340; a second sleeve 370, one end of which is provided with a third hanging platform 370. 1 and is fixed in the second fixed space, and the other end passes through the second pressing platform 360 to form a second accommodating cavity 3702 to receive the bushing 2; a receiving rod 380, one end of which is provided with a fourth hanging platform 3801, a fourth countersunk hole 3703 is provided in the second sleeve 370, the fourth hanging platform 3801 is movably provided at the large end of the fourth countersunk hole 3703 and abuts against the transition area of ​​the hole wall, and the other end of the receiving rod 380 extends out of the second sleeve 370; a sixth elastic member 390, which is provided in the large end of the fourth countersunk hole 3703 and abuts against the fourth hanging platform 3801.

[0072] In this solution, the third moving block 320 and the fourth moving block 340 of the second press-fitting assembly 300 have the same functions as the first moving block 2302 and the second moving block 2304 in the first press-fitting assembly 200. Both are used to realize the floating of the receiving rod 380 in the first moving direction 500 and the second moving direction 600 during the press-fitting process, thereby adapting to the actual axial position of the mounting hole.

[0073] In one embodiment, the second press-fitting assembly 300 is also provided with an adjustment mechanism and a guide structure corresponding to the first press-fitting assembly 200: including an adjustment rod with the same structure as the first adjustment rod 2310 and the second adjustment rod 2311, and a guide assembly with the same structure as the first slide rail 2315 / slider and the second slide rail 2317 / slider, so as to ensure that the movement direction of the third moving block 320 and the fourth moving block 340 is accurate and controllable.

[0074] The second pressing platform 360, second sleeve 370, and sixth elastic member 390 function similarly to the first pressing platform 2201, first sleeve 2202, and third elastic member 2204 in the first press-fit assembly 200. They are all used to axially connect the receiving rod 380 within the second sleeve 370, achieving floating press-fit. The fourth elastic member 330, fifth elastic member 350, and sixth elastic member 390 are preferably springs.

[0075] By integrating a self-aligning structure into the second press-fit assembly 300, it automatically adapts to hole position deviations when receiving the bushing 2 and applying a reverse support force. Working in conjunction with the first press-fit assembly 200, it forms a bidirectional self-aligning press-fit mode, significantly improving the centering accuracy of through-type press-fits. This effectively avoids the "crowbar effect" caused by unilateral guidance, ensuring uniform force and smooth movement of the bushing 2, significantly improving the press-fit success rate and product qualification rate, especially in long-stroke or deep-hole press-fits.

[0076] In this solution, the positioning seat 100 includes: a positioning plate 110; a positioning block 120 and a contour block 130 arranged along the circumference of the positioning block 120, the positioning block 120 is used to position the workpiece 1; a clamping cylinder 140, which is arranged on the positioning plate 110 to clamp the workpiece 1.

[0077] The combined positioning of the positioning block 120 and the circumferential profiling block 130, combined with the automatic clamping of the pressure cylinder 140, enables fast, precise, and stable clamping of the workpiece 1. The profiling block 130 conforms to the shape of the workpiece 1, effectively constraining its circumferential freedom and preventing it from shifting or rotating during the press-fit process. The pressure cylinder 140 operates rapidly, suitable for automated cycles. This positioning system works in conjunction with the self-aligning press-fit structure, ensuring reliable positioning of the workpiece 1 while allowing for flexible centering of the press-fit end. This system addresses the dual requirements of "positioning rigidity" and "press-fit flexibility," enhancing the integration and intelligence of the entire tooling system.

[0078] This proposal discloses a press-fitting tool with a self-aligning function. To address the problem in traditional press-fitting processes where the bushing 2 may be misaligned, stuck, or even damaged due to large geometric tolerances between the shape of the workpiece 1 (especially the die-cast part) and the mounting hole, a comprehensive solution is proposed that integrates bidirectional floating, automatic centering, flexible press-fitting, and adjustability.

[0079] By installing a self-aligning module consisting of a centering adjustment member 230, an elastic floating mechanism, and a sliding guide structure in the first press-fitting assembly 200, the tooling enables the press-fitting member 220 to automatically adjust its position with two-dimensional freedom within a plane perpendicular to the press-fitting direction, effectively adapting to the actual axis position of the mounting hole and avoiding assembly deviation caused by lateral forces. At the same time, the second press-fitting assembly 300 adopts a self-aligning structure symmetrical to the first press-fitting assembly 200, forming a bidirectional collaborative press-fitting mode. It also has adaptive capabilities when receiving the bushing 2 and applying reverse support force, significantly improving the centering accuracy of through-type press-fitting, and is particularly effective in suppressing the "crowbar effect" in long-stroke or deep-hole press-fitting.

[0080] Furthermore, the pressing part 220 adopts a floating pressure rod 2203 structure, which realizes axial micro-stroke floating through pre-compression of the elastic part, and can automatically compensate for the height difference and tilt at the initial stage of pressing, realize a smooth transition, and reduce impact damage; the positioning seat 100 is movably set on the support platform 700 through the slide rail slider structure, giving the workpiece 1 a slight floating ability in the pressing direction, alleviating the stress concentration caused by rigid jamming, and improving the assembly flexibility and safety.

[0081] The fixture also features adjustable limit and preload mechanisms, enabling precise control of the floating range, initial position, and elastic force, enhancing the equipment's process adaptability and changeover flexibility. The overall structural design is compact, responsive, and offers high repeatability, making it particularly suitable for automated production lines requiring high-consistency, high-yield assembly.

[0082] In summary, the present invention realizes automatic centering, smooth advancement and reliable positioning during the press-fitting process of the bushing 2 through the synergistic effect of multi-level floating and adaptive mechanisms, significantly improves the press-fitting success rate, product qualification rate and production efficiency, and has good engineering practicality and promotion value.

[0083] It should be noted that, in the present invention, descriptions such as "first", "second", "one", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly defined. The terms "connected", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixed" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral whole; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0084] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in this field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is mutually contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0085] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the present invention. Persons skilled in the art may make various modifications, additions, or substitutions to the described specific embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention or exceeding the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A press-fitting tool with a self-aligning function, used for press-fitting a bushing into a mounting hole of a workpiece, characterized in that: The press-fitting tool comprises: A positioning seat, which is used to fix the workpiece to be press-fitted with the bushing; A first press-fitting assembly is provided on one side of the positioning seat along the bushing press-fitting direction, and the first press-fitting assembly includes: a driving member, wherein the movement direction of the output end of the driving member is parallel to the bushing press-fitting direction; a press-fitting member, which is used to receive and push the bushing to move; and a centering adjustment member, which is provided between the driving member and the press-fitting member and is used to connect the press-fitting member to the output end of the driving member; a second press-fitting assembly, which is arranged on a side of the positioning seat away from the first press-fitting assembly and opposite to the first press-fitting assembly, and is used to receive the bushing delivered by the press-fitting component and apply a thrust opposite to that of the press-fitting component to the bushing, so as to press the bushing into the mounting hole; In the process of pressing the bushing into the workpiece, when the centering adjustment part is subjected to the reaction force of the press-fitting part, the centering adjustment part allows the press-fitting part to move in a plane perpendicular to the pressing direction of the bushing, so that the press-fitting part automatically adapts to the axis of the mounting hole on the workpiece.

2. A press-fitting tool with a self-aligning function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The pressing part has a first moving direction and a second moving direction in a plane perpendicular to the bushing pressing direction, and the first moving direction and the second moving direction are perpendicular to each other.

3. A press-fitting tool with a self-aligning function as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The centering adjustment member includes: a first fixing bracket connected to the output end of the driving member; a first moving block, having two ends along the first moving direction connected to the first fixing frame via first elastic members, so that the first moving block can move along the first moving direction; The second moving block is connected to the first fixing frame at both ends along the second moving direction through second elastic members, so that the second moving block can move along the second moving direction; the pressing member is connected to one end of the second moving block away from the first moving block.

4. A press-fitting tool with a self-aligning function as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The first fixing frame is provided with a first countersunk hole at both ends along the first moving direction, a first height bolt is provided in the first countersunk hole, the first height bolt passes through the first countersunk hole and is connected to the first moving block, and the first elastic member is sleeved on the outside of the first height bolt; The first fixing frame is provided with a second countersunk hole at both ends along the second moving direction, and a second height bolt is provided in the second countersunk hole. The second height bolt passes through the second countersunk hole and is connected to the second moving block, and the second elastic member is sleeved on the outside of the second height bolt.

5. The press-fitting tool with self-aligning function according to claim 3, characterized in that: The centering adjustment member also includes: A first adjusting rod, comprising a first rod body and a first abutment platform, wherein the diameter of the first abutment platform is larger than the diameter of the first rod body; The second adjusting rod comprises a second rod body and a second abutment platform, wherein the diameter of the second abutment platform is larger than the diameter of the second rod body; A first adjustment block is provided at one end of the first fixing frame along the first moving direction, the first rod passes through the first adjustment block and is threadedly connected to the first moving block, and the first abutting platform is movably pressed against the first adjustment block; A second adjusting block is provided at one end of the first fixing frame along the second moving direction. The second rod passes through the second adjusting block and is threadedly connected to the second moving block. The second abutting platform is movably pressed against the second adjusting block.

6. The press-fitting tool with self-aligning function according to claim 3, characterized in that: A first slider is provided at one end of the first moving block away from the second moving block, and a first slide rail extending along the first moving direction is provided on the first fixing frame, and the first slider is slidably provided on the first slide rail; A second sliding block is provided at one end of the second moving block facing the first moving block. A second slide rail extending along the second moving direction is provided on the first moving block. The second sliding block is slidably arranged on the second slide rail.

7. The press-fitting tool with self-aligning function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The press-fitting part comprises: A first pressing platform is provided on the centering adjustment member and forms a first fixed space with the centering adjustment member; A first sleeve, one end of which is provided with a first hanging platform, the first hanging platform is fixed in the first fixing space, and the other end passes through the first pressing platform to form a first accommodating cavity for accommodating the bushing; A pressure rod, one end of which is provided with a second hanging platform, a third countersunk hole is provided in the first sleeve, the second hanging platform is movably provided at the large end of the third countersunk hole and abuts against the transition area of ​​the hole wall, and the other end of the pressure rod passes through the first accommodating cavity and extends out of the first sleeve; The third elastic member is arranged in the large end of the third countersunk hole and is tightly pressed against the second hanging platform.

8. The press-fitting tool with self-aligning function according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: a support platform, on which the first press-fit assembly and the second press-fit assembly are fixed; a third slide rail, which is arranged on the support platform along the bushing press-fitting direction; A third sliding block is provided on the positioning seat and is slidably matched with the third slide rail, so that the positioning seat can be movably provided on the supporting platform.

9. The press-fitting tool with self-aligning function according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second press-fit assembly comprises: a second fixing frame; a third moving block, whose two ends along the first moving direction are connected to the second fixing frame via fourth elastic members; a fourth moving block, whose two ends along the second moving direction are connected to the second fixing frame via fifth elastic members; a second pressing platform, which is disposed on the fourth moving block and forms a second fixed space with the fourth moving block; A second sleeve, one end of which is provided with a third hanging platform and fixed in the second fixing space, and the other end of which passes through the second pressing platform and forms a second accommodating cavity to receive the bushing; A connecting rod, one end of which is provided with a fourth hanging platform, a fourth countersunk hole is provided in the second sleeve, the fourth hanging platform is movably provided at the large end of the fourth countersunk hole and abuts against the transition area of ​​the hole wall, and the other end of the connecting rod extends out of the second sleeve; A sixth elastic member is disposed in the large end of the fourth countersunk hole and is tightly pressed against the fourth hanging platform.

10. The press-fitting tool with self-aligning function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning seat includes: Positioning plate; A positioning block and a contour block arranged along the circumference of the positioning block, wherein the positioning block is used to position the workpiece; The pressing cylinder is arranged on the positioning plate to press the workpiece.

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