Cutter clamping device and method and machining system

Abstract

The invention provides a tool clamping device and method and a machining system. The tool clamping device comprises a tool handle, a transmission mechanism, a sliding ring, a wedge-shaped mechanism, a sleeve and a tool. An abutting block is arranged on the inner wall of the cutter handle, and a sliding hole and an abutting face are arranged on the abutting block; the sliding ring is slidably installed on the inner wall of the cutter handle in the cutter handle axis direction. The transmission mechanism is installed on the cutter handle and connected with the sliding ring. The wedge-shaped mechanism comprises a pull rod, a first wedge-shaped block, a second wedge-shaped block and a tension spring, the pull rod is fixedly connected with the sliding ring and penetrates through the sliding hole, the first wedge-shaped block is installed at the end, away from the sliding ring, of the pull rod, and the second wedge-shaped block is connected to the pull rod through the tension spring; the sleeve is mounted on the cutter handle and has taper; the cutter is in threaded connection with the sleeve. The sliding ring is driven by the transmission mechanism to slide along the inner wall of the cutter handle, so that the wedge-shaped mechanism is driven to clamp the outer wall of the sleeve, a gradual fastening effect of clearance-transition-interference is generated in threaded connection of the cutter and the sleeve, self-locking is achieved, and the cutter is effectively prevented from loosening in the high-speed rotating process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of machining, and in particular to a tool clamping device, method and machining system. Background Art

[0002] In the field of machining, tool clamping devices are key components that connect the machine tool spindle and the cutting tool. Their performance directly impacts machining accuracy and efficiency. Traditional tool clamping devices can easily loosen the tool during high-speed rotation or heavy-load machining due to factors such as centrifugal force and vibration, which can affect machining quality and even cause safety accidents.

[0003] To solve these problems, various tool clamping mechanisms have emerged in the prior art, such as hydraulic clamping, mechanical clamping, etc. However, most of these mechanisms have disadvantages such as complex structure, insufficient clamping force, and poor cooling effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes a tool clamping device, method and machining system to solve the technical problems of tool clamping mechanisms in the prior art mentioned in the above background art, such as complex structures and insufficient clamping force.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a tool clamping device, comprising a tool handle, a transmission mechanism, a slip ring, a wedge mechanism, and a sleeve, wherein: The inner wall of the knife handle is provided with a supporting block, the supporting block is provided with a sliding hole along the axis direction of the knife handle, and the side surface thereof is provided with an inclined supporting surface; The slip ring is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the tool handle along the axis of the tool handle; The transmission mechanism is mounted on the tool handle and connected to the slip ring; The wedge mechanism includes a pull rod, a first wedge block, a second wedge block and a tension spring, the pull rod is fixedly connected to the slip ring and passes through the sliding hole, the first wedge block is installed at one end of the pull rod away from the slip ring, the first wedge block is provided with a first wedge surface at one end facing the abutting block, the second wedge block is connected to the pull rod through the tension spring, and the two ends of the second wedge block are respectively provided with a second wedge surface and a third wedge surface, the second wedge surface is used to abut the first wedge surface, the third wedge surface is used to abut the abutting surface, and the bottom surface of the second wedge block is used to abut the outer wall of the sleeve; The sleeve is mounted on one end of the tool handle away from the transmission mechanism, and the sleeve is provided with a taper for being threadedly connected to the tool.

[0006] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, the transmission mechanism includes two plane bearings, a worm wheel, a worm and a screw, the two plane bearings are mounted on the tool handle and are coaxial with the tool handle, the worm wheel is mounted between the two plane bearings, the worm is mounted in the tool handle and meshes with the worm wheel, and the screw is threadedly connected to the worm wheel and fixedly connected to the slip ring.

[0007] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the taper of the sleeve is 1:75, and the diameter of the sleeve gradually decreases from one end away from the transmission mechanism to one end close to the transmission mechanism.

[0008] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, it also includes a boost cover and an end cover, the boost cover is connected to the tool handle, and a boost channel is provided in the boost cover, and a cooling channel connected to the boost channel is provided in the tool handle; the end cover is threadedly connected to the boost cover, and a water inlet and a water outlet are provided on the end cover, the water inlet is connected to the boost channel, and the water outlet is configured to discharge water along the blade surface of the tool.

[0009] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the inner wall of the end cover is provided with an internal thread, the water inlet hole is a spiral channel, and the spiral direction of the water inlet hole is opposite to the spiral direction of the internal thread.

[0010] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, a pressurization chamber is further provided in the end cover, and the pressurization chamber is connected to the water inlet and the water outlet respectively.

[0011] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the wedge mechanism is provided with three groups, the three groups of wedge mechanisms are evenly distributed around the circumference of the sleeve, and the abutting blocks are provided with three, the three abutting blocks are evenly distributed along the circumference of the inner wall of the shank.

[0012] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the wedge-shaped mechanism further includes a vibration-damping pad, and the vibration-damping pad is installed on the bottom surface of the second wedge-shaped block.

[0013] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the outer wall of the tool is provided with a threaded patch, the sleeve is provided with an internal threaded hole, and the threaded patch is threadedly connected to the internal threaded hole.

[0014] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the tool handle, transmission mechanism, slip ring, wedge mechanism and sleeve are all subjected to quenching and tempering heat treatment and sandblasting and electroplating surface treatment during the manufacturing process.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a tool clamping method, using the tool clamping device according to the first aspect, comprising: The transmission mechanism drives the slip ring to slide along the axis of the tool handle, thereby driving the pull rod and the first wedge block to move; The second wedge surface abuts against the first wedge surface, the third wedge surface abuts against the abutting surface, and the bottom surface of the second wedge block abuts against the outer wall of the sleeve; The sleeve is compressed inwardly after being subjected to force, so that the threaded connection between the sleeve and the tool undergoes a gradual change from gap to transition to interference.

[0016] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a machining system comprising a tool and a machine tool spindle, and a tool clamping device as described in the first aspect, wherein the tool is inserted into one end of the tool holder and is threadedly connected to the tool holder, and the machine tool spindle is connected to the other end of the tool holder.

[0017] The tool clamping device of the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: (1) The transmission mechanism drives the slip ring to slide along the inner wall of the tool handle, thereby driving the pull rod and the first wedge block to move, the second wedge surface abuts the first wedge surface, the third wedge surface abuts the abutting surface, and the bottom surface of the second wedge block abuts the outer wall of the sleeve to clamp the outer wall of the sleeve. Due to the tapered design of the sleeve, the sleeve will be compressed inward, so that the threaded connection between the tool and the sleeve will produce a gradual tightening effect of gap → transition → interference. This tightening method increases the positive pressure between the threads, thereby increasing the friction force, achieving self-locking, and effectively preventing the tool from loosening during high-speed rotation. The transmission mechanism and the wedge mechanism are both located inside the tool handle and do not occupy the external space of the tool handle. The structure is simple; (2) Plane bearings are provided on both sides of the worm gear to ensure that the worm gear rotates only in the circumferential direction, thereby improving transmission efficiency. The worm drives the worm gear to rotate, and the worm gear thread drives the screw. The screw and the slip ring slide together along the inner wall of the tool handle. The worm gear mechanism has a one-way transmission characteristic, which greatly enhances the self-locking ability of the device and further prevents the tool from loosening during high-speed rotation. (3) The taper of the sleeve is 1:75, and the diameter of the sleeve gradually decreases from the end away from the transmission mechanism to the end close to the transmission mechanism. The low taper design enables the threaded fit of the sleeve and the tool to be gradually tightened, thereby improving the clamping force and stability; (4) A boost flow channel is provided in the boost cover, a cooling flow channel connected to the boost flow channel is provided in the tool handle, the end cover is threadedly connected to the boost cover, a water inlet and a water outlet are provided on the end cover, the water inlet is connected to the boost flow channel, the water outlet is configured to discharge water along the blade surface of the tool, the boost flow channel increases the pressure and speed of the water flow, and water is discharged along the blade surface of the tool through the water outlet hole of the end cover, thereby improving the cooling effect; (5) An internal thread is provided through the inner wall of the end cover, and the water inlet is a spiral channel. The spiral direction of the water inlet is opposite to the spiral direction of the internal thread. The cooling fluid in the water inlet flows in the opposite direction of the spiral of the internal thread, ensuring that the force of the water flow will not loosen the end cover due to the flushing. On the contrary, the flushing will further pressurize and lock the end cover thread to ensure the tightness of the end cover connection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a tool clamping device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the knife handle in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the transmission mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the wedge mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the slip ring and the screw in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the sleeve and the cutter in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 is a three-dimensional view of the end cover in an embodiment of the present invention at one viewing angle; Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional view of the end cover in an embodiment of the present invention from another perspective.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals: 1-handle, 2-transmission mechanism, 3-slip ring, 4-wedge mechanism, 5-sleeve, 6-tool, 7-boost cover, 8-end cover, 9-filter, 10-vibration damping pad; 11-support block, 111-sliding hole, 112-support surface, 12-guide groove, 13-cooling channel, 14-axis hole; 21- plane bearing, 22- worm gear, 23- worm, 24- screw; 31-guide key, 32-mounting hole; 41 - pull rod, 42 - first wedge block, 421 - first wedge surface, 43 - second wedge block, 431 - second wedge surface, 432 - third wedge surface, 44 - tension spring, 45 - gasket, 46 - fastening nut; 51-internal threaded hole; 61-thread patch; 71- pressurized flow channel; 81-water inlet, 82-water outlet, 83-pressurization chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Reference Figure 1-8 As shown, the first embodiment of the present invention provides a tool clamping device, including a tool handle 1, a transmission mechanism 2, a slip ring 3, a wedge mechanism 4 and a sleeve 5, wherein: The inner wall of the knife handle 1 is provided with a supporting block 11, and a sliding hole 111 is provided on the supporting block 11 along the axis of the knife handle 1, and an inclined supporting surface 112 is provided on the side of the supporting block 11; the supporting block 11 is fixed to the inner wall of the knife handle 1, and the supporting surface 112 is located on the side of the supporting block 11 and extends toward the bottom surface, and the supporting surface 112 faces the end of the knife handle 1 away from the transmission mechanism 2; The slip ring 3 is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the tool handle 1 along the axial direction of the tool handle 1; a guide groove 12 is provided on the inner wall of the tool handle 1, the length direction of the guide groove 12 is parallel to the axial direction of the tool handle 1, and a guide key 31 is provided on the outer wall of the slip ring 3, and the guide key 31 is slidably mounted in the guide groove 12; a mounting hole 32 is provided on the slip ring 3; the guide key 31 and the guide groove 12 are made of high-strength wear-resistant steel (such as GCr15), the guide key 31 has a width of 8 mm and a height of 4 mm, and the guide groove 12 and the guide key 31 have a clearance fit with a tolerance grade of H7 to ensure durability and fit accuracy during relative sliding; The transmission mechanism 2 is mounted on the tool handle 1 and connected to the slip ring 3; The wedge mechanism 4 includes a pull rod 41, a first wedge block 42, a second wedge block 43 and a tension spring 44. The pull rod 41 is made of high-strength 7075 aluminum alloy to ensure its structural stability and durability. The pull rod 41 is fixedly connected to the slip ring 3 and passes through the sliding hole 111. After the pull rod 41 passes through the mounting hole 32, it is covered with a gasket 45 and a fastening nut 46 to achieve a fixed connection with the slip ring 3. The first wedge block 42 is installed at the end of the pull rod 41 away from the slip ring 3, and the first wedge block 42 is set toward the end of the abutting block 11. The second wedge block 43 has a first wedge surface 421, and is connected to the pull rod 41 via the tension spring 44. The second wedge block 43 has a second wedge surface 431 and a third wedge surface 432 at both ends. The second wedge surface 431 is used to abut against the first wedge surface 421, and the third wedge surface 432 is used to abut against the abutting surface 112. The bottom surface of the second wedge block 43 is used to abut against the outer wall of the sleeve 5. The tension spring 44 can play a connecting and resetting role. After the pull rod 41 is reset, the tension spring 44 pulls the second wedge block 43 to reset. The sleeve 5 is installed at one end of the tool handle 1 away from the transmission mechanism 2 . The sleeve 5 is provided with a taper for being threadedly connected to the tool 6 . The tool 6 is inserted into the sleeve 5 and threadedly connected to the sleeve 5 .

[0023] The tool clamping device proposed in this embodiment drives the slip ring 3 to slide along the inner wall of the tool handle 1 through the transmission mechanism 2, thereby driving the pull rod 41 and the first wedge block 42 to move, the second wedge surface 431 abuts against the first wedge surface 421, the third wedge surface 432 abuts against the abutting surface 112, and the bottom surface of the second wedge block 43 abuts against the outer wall of the sleeve 5 to clamp the outer wall of the sleeve 5. Due to the tapered design of the sleeve 5, the sleeve 5 will be compressed inward, so that the threaded connection between the tool 6 and the sleeve 5 produces a gradual tightening effect of gap → transition → interference. This tightening method increases the positive pressure between the threads, thereby increasing the friction force, realizing self-locking, and effectively preventing the tool 6 from loosening during high-speed rotation. The transmission mechanism 2 and the wedge mechanism 4 are both located inside the tool handle 1 and do not occupy the external space of the tool handle 1, with a simple structure.

[0024] In some embodiments, the transmission mechanism 2 includes two plane bearings 21, a worm wheel 22, a worm 23 and a screw 24. The two plane bearings 21 are installed on the tool handle 1 and are coaxial with the tool handle 1. The worm wheel 22 is installed between the two plane bearings 21. The worm wheel 22 adopts an involute tooth shape with 50 teeth and a tooth ratio of 20:1 with the worm 23 to achieve the effect of deceleration and torque increase; the worm 23 is installed in the tool handle 1 and meshes with the worm wheel 22. The worm 23 is connected to an external drive motor. The worm 23 adopts an Archimedean spiral tooth shape with a helix angle set to 15° to ensure efficient transmission efficiency and good self-locking performance; the screw 24 is threadedly connected to the worm wheel 22 and fixedly connected to the slip ring 3. The screw 24 and the slip ring 3 can be designed as one piece. The thread specification of the screw 24 is M20×1.5. When the worm wheel 22 rotates, it drives the screw 24 to rotate at a speed not exceeding 5 The axial movement speed is 0.01mm / s. The plane bearing 21 is tightly fitted to the inside of the tool handle 1 and is fitted to the worm wheel 22 through a metal gasket, ensuring that the worm wheel 22 only rotates in the circumferential direction, thereby improving the transmission efficiency. The worm 23 drives the worm wheel 22 to rotate, and the worm wheel 22 thread drives the screw 24. Since the guide key 31 of the slip ring 3 is limited by the axial displacement of the guide groove 12, the screw 24 and the slip ring 3 slide together along the inner wall of the tool handle 1. The worm gear mechanism has a one-way transmission characteristic, which not only ensures the smoothness of the transmission, but also greatly enhances the self-locking ability of the device, further preventing the tool 6 from loosening during high-speed rotation. The worm 23 is made of high-strength alloy steel (such as 42CrMo) and the worm wheel 22 is made of copper-based alloy (such as tin bronze) to ensure that good transmission performance and wear resistance can be maintained even after long-term use.

[0025] In some embodiments, the sleeve 5 has a taper of 1:75, and the diameter of the sleeve 5 gradually decreases from the end away from the transmission mechanism 2 to the end close to the transmission mechanism 2. The low taper design of the sleeve 5 allows the threads of the sleeve 5 and the cutter 6 to be gradually tightened, thereby improving the clamping force and stability.

[0026] In some embodiments, the tool clamping device further includes a boost cover 7 and an end cover 8, the boost cover 7 is connected to the tool handle 1, and a boost channel 71 is provided in the boost cover 7, and a cooling channel 13 connected to the boost channel 71 is provided in the tool handle 1, the cross-sectional area of ​​the boost channel 71 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the cooling channel 13, the cooling channel 13 is an annular cavity provided on the peripheral wall of the tool handle 1, and water is supplied through the axial hole 14 at the end of the tool handle 1, and a filter 9 is provided at the connection between the cooling channel 13 and the axial hole 14, through The filter screen 9 can prevent impurities from clogging the cooling channel 13. The filter screen 9 is made of 316L stainless steel to ensure its filtering effect and durability. The end cover 8 is threadedly connected to the boost cover 7. The end cover 8 is provided with a water inlet 81 and a water outlet 82. The water inlet 81 is connected to the boost channel 71. The water outlet 82 is configured to discharge water along the blade surface of the tool 6. The water outlet 82 is provided with a special water outlet angle to ensure that the cooling water can be accurately sprayed onto the cutting edge of the tool 6. The boost channel 71 increases the pressure and speed of the water flow, reduces the temperature of the water flow, and discharges water along the blade surface of the tool 6 through the water outlet 82 of the end cover 8, which can ensure that the cutting edge of the tool 6 is fully cooled and improve the cooling effect.

[0027] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the end cap 8 is internally threaded, and the water inlet 81 is a spiral channel, with the spiral direction of the water inlet 81 being opposite to that of the internal threads. The cooling fluid in the water inlet 81 flows in the opposite direction of the internal threads, ensuring that the force of the water flow does not loosen the end cap 8 due to the flow. Instead, the flow further pressurizes and tightens the threads of the end cap 8, ensuring the tightness of the connection of the end cap 8.

[0028] In some embodiments, a pressurization chamber 83 is further provided in the end cover 8, and the pressurization chamber 83 is respectively connected to the water inlet 81 and the water outlet 82. The pressurization chamber 83 further increases the pressure and speed of the water flow, further reduces the temperature of the water flow, and improves the cooling effect.

[0029] In some embodiments, three groups of wedge mechanisms 4 are provided, evenly distributed around the circumference of the sleeve 5, with the included angle between adjacent wedge structures 4 being 120°. Three abutment blocks 11 are provided, evenly distributed along the circumference of the inner wall of the shank 1. The three groups of wedge mechanisms 4 evenly distributed around the circumference of the sleeve 5 clamp the sleeve 5, ensuring uniform force and improving clamping stability. The three pull rods 41 are supported by the sliding holes 111 in the abutment blocks 11, ensuring the concentricity of the three first wedge blocks 42.

[0030] In some embodiments, the wedge mechanism 4 further includes a vibration-damping pad 10 mounted on the bottom surface of the second wedge block 43. The vibration-damping pad 10 achieves vibration reduction, preventing vibrations from the tool 6 during operation from affecting the wedge mechanism 4 and reducing noise. The vibration-damping pad 10 is made of silicone rubber with a Shore hardness of 60, which is long-lasting and resistant to oxidation. It has a thickness of 3 mm and exhibits optimal vibration-damping performance when the compression deformation is between 10% and 30%. It is used to clamp the sleeve 5, achieve both clamping and vibration reduction, and reduce vibration during machining.

[0031] In some embodiments, the outer wall of the tool 6 is provided with a threaded patch 61, and the sleeve 5 is provided with an internally threaded hole 51, and the threaded patch 61 is threadedly connected to the internally threaded hole 51. The threaded connection between the threaded patch 61 and the internally threaded hole 51 realizes the connection between the tool 6 and the sleeve 5. When the sleeve 5 is subjected to the clamping force, it compresses inward, causing the threaded patch 61 on the tool 6 and the sleeve 5 to have a gradual tightening effect of gap, transition, and interference. This tightening method increases the positive pressure between the threads, thereby increasing the friction and achieving self-locking.

[0032] In some embodiments, the handle 1, transmission mechanism 2, slip ring 3, wedge mechanism 4, and sleeve 5 are all subjected to quenching and tempering heat treatments, sandblasting, and electroplating surface treatments during the manufacturing process, thereby improving their overall durability and performance.

[0033] The assembly process of the tool clamping device is as follows: Preparation stage: Check that all parts are complete and undamaged, and ensure that preparations before assembly are sufficient.

[0034] Install the plane bearing 21 and the worm gear mechanism: Install a set of plane bearings 21 and gasket structures into the tail end of the handle 1, then insert the worm 23 into the side hole of the handle 1, install the worm wheel 22 inside the handle 1, ensure that the worm wheel 22 can rotate freely and ensure that it is correctly engaged with the worm wheel 22, then install another set of plane bearings 21 and gasket structures into the other side of the worm wheel 22, ensuring that it is completely in contact with the worm wheel 22; Install the assembly of the slip ring 3 and the screw 24: align the screw 24 with the hollow threaded hole inside the worm wheel 22, mate the guide key 31 of the slip ring 3 with the guide groove 12 of the tool handle 1, and ensure that the screw 24 and the internal thread of the worm wheel 22 fit well without any sticking. Slightly rotate the worm 23 to ensure that it is fixed in position; Assemble the wedge mechanism 4: Install the first wedge block 42 and the second wedge block 43 on the pull rod 41 respectively, connect the second wedge block 43 through the tension spring 44, and install the vibration damping pad 10. Then, mate the entire wedge mechanism 4 with the sliding hole 111 of the abutment block 11 and connect it to the slip ring 3. Ensure that the connection between the pull rod 41 and the slip ring 3 is firm through the gasket 45 and the fastening nut 46; Install the boost cover 7: Fix the boost cover 7 and the tool holder 1 with six sets of fastening screws to ensure the tightness of the connection to prevent the built-in cooling channel 13 from leaking at the connection; Install the sleeve 5 and the tool 6: Install the sleeve 5 in the designated position of the tool handle 1, and then install the tool 6 with the threadable patch 61 in the sleeve 5, ensuring that the threaded patch 61 fits well with the internal thread of the sleeve 5; Install the end cover 8: screw the end cover 8 and the boost cover 7 together; Connect the cooling water system: Install the filter 9 at the inlet of the cooling channel 13 through the conical end of the tool holder 1, install the end cover 8 and tighten it, adjust the angle between the water outlet 82 and the tool 6 to ensure that the cooling water can be accurately sprayed onto the cutting edge of the blade for sufficient cooling, and finally connect the axial hole 14 of the tool holder 1 to the cooling water inlet of the spindle to connect the cooling water system.

[0035] The working principle of the tool clamping device in this embodiment is: Start the external drive motor to drive the worm 23 to rotate, which in turn drives the worm wheel 22 to rotate, and drives the screw 24 and the slip ring 3 to move axially; The slip ring 3 drives the pull rod 41 to move axially, and the wedge mechanism 4 begins to clamp the sleeve 5, achieving the clamping and self-locking of the tool 6; Turn on the cooling water system so that the cooling water flows from the spindle through the filter screen 9, through the cooling channel 13 of the tool handle 1, and through the booster cover 7 and the end cover 8, and finally sprayed onto the tool 6 through the water outlet 82 to reduce the working temperature; According to the processing requirements, the water outlet 82 on the end cover 8 of the handle 1 is provided with a special water outlet angle to ensure that the cooling water can be accurately sprayed onto the cutting part of the blade of the tool 6 to ensure the cooling requirements during processing; After confirming that the tool 6 has been clamped and the cooling water system is working properly, the machining operation can be carried out.

[0036] The applicant of the present invention conducted the following experiments on the tool clamping device in high-speed milling of aluminum alloy: 1. Experimental Conditions Experimental equipment: CNC machining center with high-speed spindle (maximum speed up to 20,000 rpm) and precision cooling system; Test object: The tool clamping device of the present invention, tool 6 is a carbide end mill with a diameter of 12 mm; Processing material: aluminum alloy 6061-T6 plate, size 200mm×100mm×20mm; Environmental conditions: The laboratory temperature is controlled at 25±2℃ and the relative humidity does not exceed 60%.

[0037] 2. Operation steps Device installation: Install the tool clamping device on the spindle of the CNC machining center to ensure a secure connection. Use an external motor to drive the worm 23 to rotate and test the clamping function of the tool clamping device to confirm that the tool 6 is securely clamped. Cooling system debugging: Connect the cooling water system and adjust the water pressure to 0.5 MPa to ensure that the cooling water can smoothly pass through the cooling channel 13 inside the tool holder 1. Turn on the cooling water system and check the water flow from the water outlet 82 of the end cover 8 to ensure that the cooling water can accurately spray onto the cutting part of the tool 6. Processing parameter settings: Set the cutting speed to 150m / min, the feed rate to 600mm / min, and the cutting depth to 3mm. Select the down milling process to reduce the impact of cutting force on tool 6; Processing process: Start the CNC machining center and perform milling according to the preset path. During the processing, continuously observe the vibration and cutting status of the tool 6 and record any abnormal phenomena; Post-processing inspection: After processing, use a three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine to measure the surface roughness of the workpiece and record the Ra value. Use an optical microscope to observe the wear of the tool 6 and evaluate the tool 6 life.

[0038] 3. Predicting Observations Workpiece surface roughness: The surface roughness of the machined workpiece reaches Ra0.32, which is significantly better than the Ra0.8 of the traditional tool holder device under the same machining conditions; Wear of tool 6: After 10 hours of continuous processing, the wear of tool 6 is only 0.02mm, and the life of tool 6 is extended by about 60%; Vibration situation: During the machining process, the vibration amplitude of the tool 6 was significantly reduced, and no machining error or loosening of the tool 6 due to vibration occurred.

[0039] 4. Conclusion This example demonstrates that the tool clamping device of the present invention performs exceptionally well in high-speed milling of aluminum alloys, significantly improving machining accuracy and tool life. Its unique worm gear transmission and self-locking wedge mechanism 4 effectively address the loosening and vibration issues of tool 6 in conventional toolholders 1 during high-speed rotation or heavy-load machining. Furthermore, the built-in cooling water system effectively reduces operating temperatures, further enhancing machining performance. Therefore, the present invention has broad application prospects and potential for widespread adoption.

[0040] Based on the same concept, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a tool clamping method, using the tool clamping device as described in the first embodiment, comprising: Step S1: The transmission mechanism 2 drives the slip ring 3 to slide along the axis of the tool handle 1, thereby driving the pull rod 41 and the first wedge block 42 to move; Step S2: the second wedge surface 431 abuts against the first wedge surface 421 , the third wedge surface 432 abuts against the abutting surface 112 , and the bottom surface of the second wedge block 43 abuts against the outer wall of the sleeve 5 ; Step S3: The sleeve 5 is compressed inwardly after being subjected to force, so that the threaded connection between the sleeve 5 and the tool 6 changes gradually from gap → transition → interference.

[0041] Based on the same concept, a third embodiment of the present invention provides a machining system, comprising a tool 6 and a machine tool spindle, and the tool clamping device as described in the first aspect, wherein the tool 6 is inserted into one end of the tool holder 1 and threadedly connected to the tool holder 1, and the machine tool spindle is connected to the other end of the tool holder 1. The machine tool spindle is connected to the axial hole 14 on the tool holder 1.

[0042] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tool clamping device, characterized in that: It includes a tool holder, a transmission mechanism, a slip ring, a wedge mechanism and a sleeve, wherein: The inner wall of the knife handle is provided with a supporting block, the supporting block is provided with a sliding hole along the axis direction of the knife handle, and the side surface thereof is provided with an inclined supporting surface; The slip ring is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the tool handle along the axis of the tool handle; The transmission mechanism is mounted on the tool handle and connected to the slip ring; The wedge mechanism includes a pull rod, a first wedge block, a second wedge block and a tension spring, the pull rod is fixedly connected to the slip ring and passes through the sliding hole, the first wedge block is installed at one end of the pull rod away from the slip ring, the first wedge block is provided with a first wedge surface at one end facing the abutting block, the second wedge block is connected to the pull rod through the tension spring, and the two ends of the second wedge block are respectively provided with a second wedge surface and a third wedge surface, the second wedge surface is used to abut the first wedge surface, the third wedge surface is used to abut the abutting surface, and the bottom surface of the second wedge block is used to abut the outer wall of the sleeve; The sleeve is mounted on one end of the tool handle away from the transmission mechanism, and the sleeve is provided with a taper for being threadedly connected to the tool.

2. The tool clamping device according to claim 1, wherein: The transmission mechanism includes two plane bearings, a worm wheel, a worm and a screw. The two plane bearings are installed on the tool handle and are coaxial with the tool handle. The worm wheel is installed between the two plane bearings. The worm is installed in the tool handle and meshes with the worm wheel. The screw is threadedly connected to the worm wheel and fixedly connected to the slip ring.

3. The tool clamping device according to claim 1, wherein: The taper of the sleeve is 1:75, and the diameter of the sleeve gradually decreases from one end away from the transmission mechanism to one end close to the transmission mechanism.

4. The tool clamping device according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a boost cover and an end cover, the boost cover is connected to the tool handle, and a boost flow channel is provided in the boost cover, and a cooling flow channel connected to the boost flow channel is provided in the tool handle; the end cover is threadedly connected to the boost cover, and a water inlet hole and a water outlet hole are provided on the end cover, the water inlet hole is connected to the boost flow channel, and the water outlet hole is configured to discharge water along the blade surface of the tool.

5. The tool clamping device according to claim 4, wherein: The inner wall of the end cover is provided with an internal thread, the water inlet hole is a spiral channel, and the spiral direction of the water inlet hole is opposite to the spiral direction of the internal thread.

6. The tool clamping device according to claim 5, wherein: A pressurization chamber is further provided in the end cover, and the pressurization chamber is connected to the water inlet and the water outlet respectively.

7. The tool clamping device according to claim 1, wherein: There are three groups of wedge mechanisms, which are evenly distributed around the circumference of the sleeve. There are three abutting blocks, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the inner wall of the shank.

8. The tool clamping device according to claim 7, wherein: The wedge mechanism further includes a vibration-damping pad installed on the bottom surface of the second wedge block.

9. A tool clamping method using the tool clamping device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: The transmission mechanism drives the slip ring to slide along the axis of the tool handle, thereby driving the pull rod and the first wedge block to move; The second wedge surface abuts against the first wedge surface, the third wedge surface abuts against the abutting surface, and the bottom surface of the second wedge block abuts against the outer wall of the sleeve; The sleeve is compressed inwardly after being subjected to force, so that the threaded connection between the sleeve and the tool undergoes a gradual change from gap to transition to interference.

10. A machining system, characterized in that: It comprises a tool and a machine tool spindle, and a tool clamping device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the tool is inserted into one end of the tool holder and is threadedly connected to the tool holder, and the machine tool spindle is connected to the other end of the tool holder.

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