High-temperature-resistant carbon fiber composite material and preparation method thereof
By treating carbon fiber cloth with a modifier and combining it with a high-temperature resistant resin, the problem of decreased mechanical properties of carbon fiber composites at high temperatures is solved, and a lightweight, high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material is prepared to meet the needs of the aerospace field.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510702018.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-30
AI Technical Summary
The mechanical properties of traditional carbon fiber resin-based composites decrease significantly under high temperature environments. The surface inertness of carbon fiber and poor adhesion to the resin matrix limit their application in the aerospace field.
The carbon fiber cloth was ultrasonically impregnated with a modifier to introduce active groups to enhance the surface roughness and polarity. The composite material was prepared by combining it with a high-temperature resistant resin through hot compression molding.
The wettability and interlayer bonding strength of carbon fiber and resin are improved to prepare a lightweight, high-strength, high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material with room temperature flexural strength ≥1200MPa, bulk density ≤1.6g/cm3, and flexural strength retention rate ≥80% at 300℃.
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Figure CN120716248A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of composite material technology, and specifically to a high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material and a preparation method thereof. The high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material is suitable for fields such as aerospace, new energy vehicle high-temperature components, etc. Background Art
[0002] Compared to metal-based materials, resin-based composites offer low density, high specific modulus, high specific strength, and enhanced designability, making them ideal lightweight materials. They are currently widely used in the aerospace sector, where they can reduce part weight by nearly 30%.
[0003] Carbon fiber resin-based composites offer significant advantages in load-bearing components. They offer excellent fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, and damping properties, while significantly reducing component weight. Their application in aircraft engine components can effectively reduce engine weight and improve thrust-to-weight ratios. Furthermore, compared to metal materials, carbon fiber boasts high domestic production and low cost, effectively reducing manufacturing costs.
[0004] Traditional carbon fiber resin-based composites are mostly epoxy resin-based and are generally used in low-temperature environments. However, with the demand for weight reduction in the aerospace field, carbon fiber resin-based composites are also being used piece by piece to replace some metal parts. However, the epoxy resin-based composites undergo thermal decomposition of the resin matrix above 200°C, resulting in a significant decrease in their mechanical properties. The carbon fiber surface is inert and has poor wettability, and has poor adhesion to the resin matrix, which seriously limits the development of carbon fiber-based composites.
[0005] In view of this, this invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention
[0006] In response to the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material with low density, which can meet the current demand for lightweight composite materials and has excellent mechanical properties and high-temperature resistance.
[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
[0008] The present invention proposes a high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material, comprising m composite layers laid sequentially from bottom to top, wherein m≥10, and the composite layers contain 25-30 parts of resin, 70-75 parts of fiber cloth, and 0.2-1 part of modifier in parts by mass. The resin is a high-temperature resistant resin, and the resin is a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin.
[0009] Specifically, the thermosetting resin is one of polyimide resin, furan resin, silicone resin or cyanate resin;
[0010] The thermoplastic resin is one of polyetheretherketone resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyaryletherketone resin or polyetherimide resin.
[0011] Specifically, the modifier is a silane coupling agent.
[0012] Specifically, the fiber cloth is carbon fiber unidirectional cloth.
[0013] Specifically, the surface density of the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth is 123-137 gsm.
[0014] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material, comprising the following steps:
[0015] S1. Mix the modifier and anhydrous ethanol to obtain a modified solution;
[0016] S2. First, ultrasonically clean the fiber cloth with anhydrous ethanol, then ultrasonically clean the fiber cloth with acetone, and finally ultrasonically clean the fiber cloth with deionized water, dry the cleaned fiber cloth, soak the dried fiber cloth in the modified solution, ultrasonically impregnate the fiber cloth, ultrasonically clean the impregnated fiber cloth with deionized water, and then dry it to obtain a modified fiber cloth;
[0017] S3. If the resin is a thermosetting resin, execute S301; if the resin is a thermoplastic resin, execute S302;
[0018] S301, mixing a resin and a diluent to obtain a resin slurry; applying the resin slurry evenly on a modified fiber cloth, and drying the modified fiber cloth coated with the resin slurry to obtain a composite layer, wherein the diluent is preferably anhydrous ethanol;
[0019] S302, laying a layer of resin powder on the modified fiber cloth to obtain a composite layer;
[0020] S4. Stacking the composite layer to m layers from bottom to top to obtain a prefabricated composite material, wherein m≥10, and hot-molding the prefabricated composite material to obtain a high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material.
[0021] Specifically, in S1, the modifier and anhydrous ethanol are mixed in a mass ratio of (2-10): (90-98);
[0022] In S301 , the resin and the diluent are mixed in a mass ratio of (6-6.5):(3.5-4).
[0023] Specifically, when the fiber cloth is ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol and acetone in S2, the cleaning frequency is 90-100 Hz, the cleaning times are 3-5 times, and the single cleaning time is 27-33 minutes; when the fiber cloth is ultrasonically immersed in the modified solution, the immersion frequency is 90-100 Hz, and the immersion time is 55-65 minutes.
[0024] Specifically, the drying temperature in S2 is 95-105°C and the drying time is 115-125 minutes;
[0025] In S3, the drying temperature is 145-155° C., and the drying time is 25-35 minutes.
[0026] Specifically, the process of hot compression molding in S4 is as follows: first, heating the temperature to 210-250°C at a heating rate of 1.5-2°C / min, and keeping warm for 100-150 minutes; then heating the temperature to 280-320°C at a heating rate of 1.5-2°C / min, and keeping warm for 20-40 minutes; then pressurizing the temperature to 15-20 MPa at a pressurizing rate of 0.5-1 MPa / min; finally, heating the temperature to 370-390°C at a heating rate of 1.5-2°C / min, and keeping warm for 150-200 minutes.
[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0028] (1) The present invention ultrasonically impregnates the carbon fiber cloth with a modified solution. The modifier introduces active groups (-Si-OH) on the surface of the carbon fiber cloth without damaging the fiber body. The active groups (-Si-OH) form covalent bonds with active groups such as hydroxyl (-OH) and carboxyl (-COOH) on the surface of the carbon fiber, thereby enhancing the surface roughness and surface polarity of the carbon fiber cloth. This effectively solves the problem that the surface of the carbon fiber cloth is smooth, difficult to form mechanical engagement with the resin matrix, and difficult to adhere to the resin matrix. By introducing organic functional groups, the present invention reduces the surface inertness of the carbon fiber, improves the wettability of the carbon fiber cloth and the resin, and makes the composite material have good interlayer bonding, thereby improving the mechanical properties and high temperature resistance of the carbon fiber composite material.
[0029] (2) The present invention closely bonds high-strength carbon fiber and high-temperature resistant resin to prepare a composite material, which makes the composite material lightweight and has excellent mechanical properties and high-temperature resistance. Experimental verification shows that the room temperature flexural strength of the high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material obtained by the present invention is ≥1200MPa, and the bulk density is ≤1.6g / cm3. It has excellent mechanical properties and meets the required lightweight requirements. In an environment of 300°C, the heat-resistant aging treatment is carried out for 300h, and the flexural strength retention rate is ≥80%.
[0030] (3) The present invention forms a prefabricated composite material by stacking composite layers, and performs hot molding on the prefabricated composite material to achieve a good composite material molding effect. In addition, in the process of preparing high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite materials, the product thickness can be controlled according to the number of composite layers laid and the molding pressure, and the preparation process is simple and easy to operate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0031] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of the composite material of the present invention;
[0032] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the hot compression molding process of the composite material of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0033] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0034] Example 1
[0035] refer to Figure 1 This embodiment provides a high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material, including 10 composite layers laid sequentially from bottom to top, wherein the composite layers are composed, by mass, of 25 parts of polyimide resin, 70 parts of carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with a surface density of 137 gsm, and 0.2 parts of silane coupling agent.
[0036] refer to Figure 2 The preparation method of the high temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material is specifically as follows:
[0037] S1. Mix the silane coupling agent and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 10:90 to obtain a modified solution;
[0038] S2. Cleaning the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth, drying the cleaned carbon fiber unidirectional cloth, immersing the dried carbon fiber unidirectional cloth in the modified solution, and performing ultrasonic impregnation, wherein the frequency is 90 Hz and the impregnation time is 65 min. The impregnated carbon fiber unidirectional cloth is ultrasonically cleaned with deionized water and then dried to obtain a modified fiber cloth; in this step, the drying temperature is 95° C. and the drying time is 125 min each time; the cleaning process of the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth is specifically as follows: first, ultrasonically cleaning the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with anhydrous ethanol three times, each cleaning frequency is 90 Hz, and each cleaning time is 33 min; then, ultrasonically cleaning the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with acetone three times, each cleaning frequency is 90 Hz, and each cleaning time is 33 min; finally, ultrasonically cleaning the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with deionized water;
[0039] S3, mixing polyimide resin and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 6:4 to obtain a resin slurry; evenly brushing the resin slurry on the modified fiber cloth, placing the modified fiber coated with the resin slurry in an oven, and drying at 145° C. for 35 minutes to dry the anhydrous ethanol to obtain a composite layer;
[0040] S4. Stack the composite layers to 10 layers from bottom to top to obtain a prefabricated composite material, and perform hot compression molding on the prefabricated composite material to obtain a high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material, wherein the hot compression molding process is as follows: first, heat the material to 210°C at a heating rate of 1.5°C / min, and keep warm for 150 minutes; then heat the material to 280°C at a heating rate of 1.5°C / min, and keep warm for 40 minutes; then, pressurize the material to 15MPa at a pressurizing rate of 0.5MPa / min; finally, heat the material to 370°C at a heating rate of 1.5 / min, and keep warm for 200 minutes.
[0041] Example 2
[0042] This embodiment provides a high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material, including 13 composite layers laid sequentially from bottom to top, wherein the composite layers are composed, by mass, of 26 parts of polyetheretherketone resin, 71 parts of carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with a surface density of 134 gsm, and 0.4 parts of silane coupling agent.
[0043] refer to Figure 2 The preparation method of the high temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material is specifically as follows:
[0044] S1. Mix the silane coupling agent and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 8:92 to obtain a modified solution;
[0045] S2. Cleaning the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth, drying the cleaned carbon fiber unidirectional cloth, immersing the dried carbon fiber unidirectional cloth in the modified solution, and performing ultrasonic impregnation, wherein the frequency is 92 Hz and the impregnation time is 63 min. The impregnated carbon fiber unidirectional cloth is ultrasonically cleaned with deionized water and then dried to obtain a modified fiber cloth; in this step, the drying temperature is 97° C. and the drying time is 123 min each time; the cleaning process of the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth is specifically as follows: first, ultrasonically cleaning the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with anhydrous ethanol 4 times, each cleaning frequency is 92 Hz, and each cleaning time is 32 min; then, ultrasonically cleaning the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with acetone 4 times, each cleaning frequency is 92 Hz, and each cleaning time is 32 min; finally, ultrasonically cleaning the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with deionized water;
[0046] S3, evenly spreading powdered polyetheretherketone resin slurry on the modified fiber cloth to obtain a composite layer;
[0047] S4. Stack the composite layers to 13 layers from bottom to top to obtain a prefabricated composite material, and perform hot compression molding on the prefabricated composite material to obtain a high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material, wherein the hot compression molding process is as follows: first, heat to 220°C at a heating rate of 1.6°C / min, and keep warm for 140 minutes; then heat to 290°C at a heating rate of 1.6°C / min, and keep warm for 35 minutes; then, pressurize to 17 MPa at a pressurizing rate of 0.6 MPa / min; finally, heat to 375°C at a heating rate of 1.6°C / min, and keep warm for 190 minutes.
[0048] Example 3
[0049] This embodiment provides a high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material, including 15 composite layers laid sequentially from bottom to top, wherein the composite layers are composed, by mass, of 28 parts of furan resin, 72 parts of carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with a surface density of 131 gsm, and 0.6 parts of silane coupling agent.
[0050] The preparation method of the high temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material is specifically as follows:
[0051] S1. Mix the silane coupling agent and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 6:94 to obtain a modified solution;
[0052] S2. Cleaning the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth, drying the cleaned carbon fiber unidirectional cloth, immersing the dried carbon fiber unidirectional cloth in the modified solution, and performing ultrasonic impregnation, wherein the frequency is 94 Hz and the impregnation time is 61 min. The impregnated carbon fiber unidirectional cloth is ultrasonically cleaned with deionized water and then dried to obtain a modified fiber cloth; in this step, the drying temperature is 99° C. and the drying time is 120 min each time; the cleaning process of the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth is specifically as follows: first, ultrasonically cleaning the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with anhydrous ethanol 5 times, each cleaning frequency is 94 Hz, and each cleaning time is 31 min; then, ultrasonically cleaning the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with acetone 5 times, each cleaning frequency is 94 Hz, and each cleaning time is 31 min; finally, ultrasonically cleaning the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with deionized water;
[0053] S3, furan resin and anhydrous ethanol are mixed in a mass ratio of 6.2:3.5 to obtain a resin slurry; the resin slurry is evenly brushed on the modified fiber cloth, and the modified fiber coated with the resin slurry is placed in an oven and baked at 149° C. for 31 minutes to dry the anhydrous ethanol to obtain a composite layer;
[0054] S4. Stack the composite layers up to 15 layers from bottom to top to obtain a prefabricated composite material, and perform hot compression molding on the prefabricated composite material to obtain a high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material, wherein the hot compression molding process is as follows: first, heat the material to 230°C at a heating rate of 1.7°C / min, and keep warm for 135 minutes; then heat the material to 300°C at a heating rate of 1.7°C / min, and keep warm for 30 minutes; then, pressurize the material to 18 MPa at a pressurizing rate of 0.7 MPa / min; finally, heat the material to 380°C at a heating rate of 1.7°C / min, and keep warm for 180 minutes.
[0055] Example 4
[0056] This embodiment provides a high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material, including 15 composite layers laid sequentially from bottom to top, wherein the composite layers are composed, by mass, of 29 parts of polyaryletherketone resin, 73 parts of carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with a surface density of 127 gsm, and 0.8 parts of silane coupling agent.
[0057] refer to Figure 2 The preparation method of the high temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material is specifically as follows:
[0058] S1. Mix the silane coupling agent and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 4:96 to obtain a modified solution;
[0059] S2. Cleaning the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth, drying the cleaned carbon fiber unidirectional cloth, immersing the dried carbon fiber unidirectional cloth in the modified solution, and performing ultrasonic impregnation, wherein the frequency is 97 Hz and the impregnation time is 57 min. The impregnated carbon fiber unidirectional cloth is ultrasonically cleaned with deionized water and then dried to obtain a modified fiber cloth; in this step, the drying temperature is 103° C. and the drying time is 118 min each time; the cleaning process of the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth is specifically as follows: first, ultrasonically cleaning the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with anhydrous ethanol three times, each cleaning frequency is 97 Hz, and each cleaning time is 29 min; then, ultrasonically cleaning the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with acetone three times, each cleaning frequency is 97 Hz, and each cleaning time is 29 min; finally, ultrasonically cleaning the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with deionized water;
[0060] S3, evenly spreading powdered polyaryletherketone resin slurry on the modified fiber cloth to obtain a composite layer;
[0061] S4. Stack the composite layers up to 15 layers from bottom to top to obtain a prefabricated composite material, and perform hot compression molding on the prefabricated composite material to obtain a high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material, wherein the hot compression molding process is as follows: first, heat the material to 240°C at a heating rate of 1.8°C / min, and keep warm for 110 minutes; then heat the material to 310°C at a heating rate of 1.8°C / min, and keep warm for 25 minutes; then, pressurize the material to 19 MPa at a pressurizing rate of 0.9 MPa / min; finally, heat the material to 385°C at a heating rate of 1.8°C / min, and keep warm for 170 minutes.
[0062] Example 5
[0063] This embodiment provides a high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material, including 18 composite layers laid sequentially from bottom to top, wherein the composite layers are composed, by mass, of 30 parts of cyanate ester resin, 75 parts of carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with a surface density of 123 gsm, and 1.0 part of a silane coupling agent.
[0064] The preparation method of the high temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material is specifically as follows:
[0065] S1. Mix the silane coupling agent and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 2:98 to obtain a modified solution;
[0066] S2. Cleaning the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth, drying the cleaned carbon fiber unidirectional cloth, immersing the dried carbon fiber unidirectional cloth in the modified solution, and ultrasonically impregnating the modified solution at a frequency of 100 Hz and an immersion time of 55 min. The impregnated carbon fiber unidirectional cloth is ultrasonically cleaned with deionized water and then dried to obtain a modified fiber cloth. In this step, the drying temperature is 105° C. and the drying time is 115 min. The cleaning process of the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth is as follows: first, ultrasonically cleaning the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with anhydrous ethanol for 4 times, with a cleaning frequency of 100 Hz and a cleaning time of 27 min each time; then, ultrasonically cleaning the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with acetone for 4 times, with a cleaning frequency of 100 Hz and a cleaning time of 27 min each time; and finally, ultrasonically cleaning the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with deionized water.
[0067] S3, mixing cyanate resin and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 6.5:3.5 to obtain a resin slurry; evenly brushing the resin slurry on the modified fiber cloth, placing the modified fiber coated with the resin slurry in an oven, and drying at 155° C. for 25 minutes to dry the anhydrous ethanol to obtain a composite layer;
[0068] S4. Stack the composite layers up to 18 layers from bottom to top to obtain a prefabricated composite material, and perform hot compression molding on the prefabricated composite material to obtain a high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material, wherein the hot compression molding process is as follows: first, heat the material to 250°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min, and keep warm for 100 minutes; then heat the material to 320°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min, and keep warm for 20 minutes; then, pressurize the material to 20 MPa at a pressurizing rate of 1 MPa / min; finally, heat the material to 390°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min, and keep warm for 150 minutes.
[0069] In the above embodiments, the number of composite layers, the thickness of the fiber cloth, and the thickness of the resin slurry can all be determined according to design requirements;
[0070] The carbon fiber unidirectional cloth used in the embodiment can be obtained by cutting the original carbon fiber unidirectional cord cloth. When cutting, colored tape is affixed to the original carbon fiber unidirectional cord cloth, and then lines are drawn on the tape. Cutting is performed according to the marks so that the shape of the cut fiber cloth matches the shape of the blank. Other methods can also be used to match the shape of the cut fiber cloth with the shape of the blank.
[0071] Comparative Example 1
[0072] This embodiment provides a high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material, including 10 composite layers laid sequentially from bottom to top, wherein the composite layers are composed of 25 parts by mass of polyimide resin and 70 parts by mass of carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with an area density of 137 gsm.
[0073] The preparation method of the high temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material is specifically as follows:
[0074] S1. First, ultrasonically clean the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth three times with anhydrous ethanol, each cleaning frequency is 90 Hz, and each cleaning time is 33 minutes; then, ultrasonically clean the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth three times with acetone, each cleaning frequency is 90 Hz, and each cleaning time is 33 minutes; finally, ultrasonically clean the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth with deionized water, and dry the cleaned fiber cloth;
[0075] S2. Mixing polyimide resin and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 6:4 to obtain a resin slurry; applying the resin slurry evenly on a dried fiber cloth; placing the fiber coated with the resin slurry in an oven and drying at 145° C. for 35 minutes to dry the anhydrous ethanol to obtain a composite layer;
[0076] S3. Stack the composite layers to 10 layers from bottom to top to obtain a prefabricated composite material, and perform hot compression molding on the prefabricated composite material to obtain a high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material, wherein the hot compression molding process is as follows: first, heat the material to 210°C at a heating rate of 1.5°C / min, and keep warm for 150 minutes; then heat the material to 280°C at a heating rate of 1.5°C / min, and keep warm for 40 minutes; then, pressurize the material to 15MPa at a pressurizing rate of 0.5MPa / min; finally, heat the material to 370°C at a heating rate of 1.5 / min, and keep warm for 200 minutes.
[0077] In order to better illustrate the beneficial effects of the present invention, the composite materials obtained in Examples 1 to 5 and the comparative example were subjected to density testing according to GB / T 1463; room temperature bending performance testing according to GB / T 3356; and aging resistance treatment according to GJB 150.3A. After the aging resistance treatment, room temperature bending performance testing was performed according to GB / T 3356. The test results are shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3:
[0078] Table 1 Density test results
[0079] Group Example 1 Example 1 Example 1 Example 1 Example 1 Comparative Example <![CDATA[Density / (g / cm 3 )]]> 1.54 1.52 1.6 1.53 1.59 1.56
[0080] Table 2 Room temperature bending performance test results
[0081] Group Example 1 Example 1 Example 1 Example 1 Example 1 Comparative Example Room temperature flexural properties / MPa 1203 1270 1517 1230 1310 1058
[0082] Table 3 Room temperature bending performance test results after high temperature resistance test
[0083] Group Example 1 Example 1 Example 1 Example 1 Example 1 Comparative Example Room temperature flexural properties / MPa 1203 1270 1517 1230 1310 643
[0084] As can be seen from Tables 1 to 3, the high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material proposed in the present invention is lightweight, has excellent mechanical properties and high temperature resistance, wherein the room temperature flexural strength is ≥1200 MPa, the bulk density is ≤1.6 g / cm3, and the flexural strength retention rate is ≥80% after heat aging treatment for 300 h at 300°C. As can be seen from the data of Example 1 and the comparative example in Tables 2 to 3, the use of carbon fiber cloth modified with a modifier to prepare a composite material can significantly improve the mechanical properties and high temperature resistance of the composite material.
[0085] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above description and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A high temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material, characterized in that: The invention comprises m composite layers laid sequentially from bottom to top, wherein m≥10, and the composite layers contain 25-30 parts of resin, 70-75 parts of fiber cloth, and 0.2-1 part of modifier in parts by mass. The resin is a high temperature resistant resin, and the resin is a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin.
2. The high temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermosetting resin is one of polyimide resin, furan resin, silicone resin or cyanate resin; The thermoplastic resin is one of polyetheretherketone resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyaryletherketone resin or polyetherimide resin.
3. The high temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modifier is a silane coupling agent.
4. The high temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber cloth is carbon fiber unidirectional cloth.
5. The high temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The surface density of the carbon fiber unidirectional cloth is 123-137 gsm.
6. A method for preparing a high temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Mix the modifier and anhydrous ethanol to obtain a modified solution; S2. First, ultrasonically clean the fiber cloth with anhydrous ethanol, then ultrasonically clean the fiber cloth with acetone, and finally ultrasonically clean the fiber cloth with deionized water, dry the cleaned fiber cloth, soak the dried fiber cloth in the modified solution, ultrasonically impregnate the fiber cloth, ultrasonically clean the impregnated fiber cloth with deionized water, and then dry it to obtain a modified fiber cloth; S3. If the resin is a thermosetting resin, execute S301; if the resin is a thermoplastic resin, execute S302; S301, mixing resin and diluent uniformly to obtain resin slurry; evenly applying the resin slurry on the modified fiber cloth, and drying the modified fiber cloth coated with the resin slurry to obtain a composite layer; S302, laying a layer of resin powder on the modified fiber cloth to obtain a composite layer; S4. Stacking the composite layer to the m layer from bottom to top to obtain a prefabricated composite material, and performing hot compression molding on the prefabricated composite material to obtain a high-temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material.
7. The method for preparing a high temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S1, the modifier and anhydrous ethanol are mixed in a mass ratio of (2-10): (90-98); In S301 , the resin and the diluent are mixed in a mass ratio of (6-6.5):(3.5-4).
8. The method for preparing a high temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the fiber cloth is ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol and acetone in S2, the cleaning frequency is 90-100 Hz, the cleaning times are 3-5 times, and the single cleaning time is 27-33 minutes; when the fiber cloth is ultrasonically immersed in the modified solution, the frequency is 90-100 Hz, and the immersion time is 55-65 minutes.
9. The method for preparing a high temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S2, the drying temperature is 95-105°C and the drying time is 115-125 minutes. In S3, the drying temperature is 145-155° C., and the drying time is 25-35 minutes.
10. The method for preparing a high temperature resistant carbon fiber composite material according to claim 6, characterized in that: include: The hot compression molding process of S4 is as follows: first, heat the temperature to 210-250°C at a heating rate of 1.5-2°C / min, and keep warm for 100-150 minutes; then heat the temperature to 280-320°C at a heating rate of 1.5-2°C / min, and keep warm for 20-40 minutes; then increase the pressure to 15-20 MPa at a pressure increase rate of 0.5-1 MPa / min; finally, heat the temperature to 370-390°C at a heating rate of 1.5-2°C / min, and keep warm for 150-200 minutes.