Magnetic gear structure, torque fluctuation reduction method, and large telescope

Abstract

The embodiment of the present disclosure provides a magnetic gear structure, a torque fluctuation reduction method and a large telescope. The present disclosure groups magnetic pole pieces of the magnetic gear and adjusts relative positions of each group according to a specific formula. By changing the equal interval of the magnetic pole pieces to the unequal interval, the fluctuation torque generated by each group is offset due to the phase difference, effectively reducing the fluctuation amplitude of the cogging torque, improving the stability of the magnetic gear operation, effectively reducing the torque fluctuation of the magnetic gear, and solving the problems of difficulty in manufacturing and magnetizing, high cost, difficulty in installation and the like in the prior art.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of large telescope driving, in particular to a magnetic gear structure, a torque fluctuation reduction method, and a large telescope. BACKGROUND

[0002] As the core equipment of astronomical observation, the observation accuracy of a large telescope directly depends on the stability of the driving system. Since the main mirror of the telescope is usually composed of multiple segments, the mass of the moving part is significantly increased, and a large volume motor needs to be equipped for direct driving, which has problems such as high cost and slow response. Therefore, indirect driving needs to be achieved through a reduction mechanism.

[0003] When a traditional mechanical gear is used as a reduction mechanism, the vibration and noise generated by contact transmission will reduce the observation accuracy, and the machining of a large-diameter gear is difficult and costly. The high-frequency components of the tooth profile error are difficult to eliminate, and the maintenance cost is significantly increased due to wear after long-term use.

[0004] As an alternative to mechanical gears, magnetic gears achieve non-contact transmission through magnetic field coupling, which can avoid mechanical wear and contact vibration. However, in the existing magnetic variable magnetic gear, the magnetic flux interaction between the high-speed permanent magnet rotor, the low-speed permanent magnet rotor and the magnetic pole piece will produce torque fluctuation, which will affect the transmission stability. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a magnetic gear structure, a torque fluctuation reduction method, and a large telescope to solve the technical problems in the related art. The specific solutions are as follows:

[0006] The first aspect of the present application provides a large telescope magnetic gear torque fluctuation reduction method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: a plurality of magnetic pole pieces of a magnetic gear are divided into n groups in order, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2;

[0008] S2: the distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces when the plurality of magnetic pole pieces are arranged at equal intervals is determined ;

[0009] S3: according to the number of groups n and the group sequence k of each group of magnetic pole pieces, the adjustment distance of each group of magnetic pole pieces is calculated according to the formula , where k is an integer greater than or equal to 3; is the distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces when the plurality of magnetic pole pieces are arranged at equal intervals;

[0010] S4: according to the calculated adjustment distance, the relative positions of each group of magnetic pole pieces are adjusted, so that the phase difference of the fluctuation torque generated by each group of magnetic pole pieces is 360° / n, so as to realize mutual cancellation of the fluctuation torques of each group. ​

[0011] In some embodiments, the grouping of the magnetic pole pieces in step S1 is interval sampling grouping according to the arrangement order.

[0012] In some embodiments, when the plurality of magnetic pole pieces are arranged at equal intervals, the distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces is is the geometric center distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces when the plurality of magnetic pole pieces are uniformly distributed.

[0013] In some embodiments, in the plurality of magnetic pole piece groups, the adjustment distance of the first magnetic pole piece group is 0, and the adjustment distance of the kth group is calculated relative to the position of the (k-1)th group in S2, and the offset is / 2n.

[0014] In some embodiments, the offset directions of two adjacent magnetic pole piece groups are different.

[0015] The second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a magnetic gear structure for a large telescope, comprising a high-speed permanent magnet rotary sub, a low-speed permanent magnet rotary sub, and magnetic pole pieces, the magnetic pole pieces are adjusted in position by the method provided in the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application, and are arranged at unequal intervals, and are configured to solve the direct driving problem caused by the increase in the mass of the moving part of the large telescope.

[0016] In some embodiments, the magnetic gear structure further comprises a fixed ring, and the plurality of magnetic pole pieces are distributed along the circumference of the surface of the fixed ring; the surface of the fixed ring is provided with a clamping groove for positioning the magnetic pole pieces, and the clamping groove structures corresponding to each magnetic pole piece group are the same or different.

[0017] In some embodiments, the magnetic pole pieces are in a stepped structure, configured to reduce the high-frequency torque fluctuation caused by local magnetic field mutation.

[0018] In some embodiments, the magnetic pole pieces are arranged in a ring along the circumferential direction of the fixed ring, and the axis of at least part of the magnetic pole pieces is arranged to be inclined relative to the radial plane of the fixed ring.

[0019] The third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a large telescope, wherein the driving system of the large telescope is provided with the magnetic gear structure provided in the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application.

[0020] Compared with the related art, the above scheme of the embodiments of the present disclosure has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0021] This disclosure reduces the torque fluctuation of the magnetic gear by grouping the magnetic pole pieces of the magnetic gear and adjusting the relative positions of each group according to a specific formula, so that the fluctuating torque generated by each group cancels each other out due to the phase difference. Without changing the shape of the magnet and the magnetic pole pieces, it effectively reduces the torque fluctuation of the magnetic gear and solves the problems of difficult manufacturing and magnetization, high cost and difficult installation in the prior art.

[0022] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an integral structure of a magnetic gear according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure in which multiple magnetic pole pieces are arranged at equal intervals before adjustment, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of multiple magnetic pole pieces arranged at non-equidistant intervals after adjustment, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a comparison diagram of torque fluctuations in three sets of magnetic pole pieces with unequal spacing after adjustment, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a comparison diagram illustrating the fluctuation torque of a magnetic gear before and after adjustment, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0029] Figure label:

[0030] High-speed permanent magnet return rotor 100, fixed ring 200, magnetic pole piece 300, low-speed permanent magnet return rotor 400. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this disclosure clearer, the disclosure will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this disclosure, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0032] The terminology used in the embodiments of this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the disclosure. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” as used in the embodiments of this disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise; “multiple” generally includes at least two, and other quantifiers are similarly intended.

[0033] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used to describe embodiments of this disclosure, these descriptions should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the described objects. For example, first may also be referred to as second without departing from the scope of embodiments of this disclosure, and similarly, second may also be referred to as first. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0034] It should be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship. The singular forms "a," "the," and "the" are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0035] It is further understood that the terms “center,” “longitudinal,” “lateral,” “front,” “rear,” “up,” “down,” “left,” “right,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” and “outer,” etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this embodiment and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0036] In the description of this disclosure, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0037] Depending on the context, the words “if” or “suppose” as used here can be interpreted as “when” or “in response to determination” or “in response to detection.” Similarly, depending on the context, the phrases “if determination” or “if detection (of the stated condition or event)” can be interpreted as “when determination” or “in response to determination” or “when detection (of the stated condition or event)” or “in response to detection (of the stated condition or event).”

[0038] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such an article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the article or device that includes said element.

[0039] In related technologies in this field, reduction mechanisms often use mechanical gears. However, since mechanical gears are contact drives, they generate vibration and noise during operation, affecting the telescope's observation accuracy. Large-diameter gears are difficult and costly to manufacture. Furthermore, the high-frequency components of tooth profile errors are significant and difficult to eliminate in control. Contact drives also cause gear wear, and since telescopes are often located in areas with good atmospheric conditions and high altitudes, maintenance is difficult and costly. To reduce disturbances and further improve the telescope's observation accuracy, it is necessary to reduce the fluctuating torque of the magnetic gears.

[0040] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this disclosure provides a magnetic gear structure, a torque fluctuation reduction method, and a large telescope. The large telescope magnetic gear torque fluctuation reduction method includes the following steps:

[0041] S1: Divide the multiple magnetic pole pieces of the magnetic gear into n groups in sequence, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2;

[0042] S2: Determine the distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces when they are arranged at equal intervals. ;

[0043] S3: Based on the number of groups n and the group sequence k of each group of magnetic pole pieces, according to the formula... Calculate the adjustment distance for each group of magnetic pole pieces. Where k = 1, 2, ..., n; When multiple magnetic pole pieces are arranged at equal intervals, the distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces;

[0044] S4: Based on the calculated adjustment distance, adjust the relative positions of each group of magnetic pole pieces so that the phase difference of the oscillating torque generated by each group of magnetic pole pieces is 360° / n, so as to achieve mutual cancellation of the oscillating torque of each group.

[0045] This disclosure reduces the torque fluctuation of the magnetic gear by grouping the magnetic pole pieces of the magnetic gear and adjusting the relative positions of each group according to a specific formula, so that the fluctuating torque generated by each group cancels each other out due to the phase difference. Without changing the shape of the magnet and the magnetic pole pieces, it effectively reduces the torque fluctuation of the magnetic gear and solves the problems of difficult manufacturing and magnetization, high cost and difficult installation in the prior art.

[0046] The optional embodiments of this disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a magnetic gear structure for a large telescope, including: a high-speed permanent magnet return rotor 100, a low-speed permanent magnet return rotor 400, and magnetic pole pieces 300. Multiple magnetic pole pieces 300 are provided, and the multiple magnetic pole pieces 300 are arranged in an unequal interval, which is configured to solve the direct drive problem caused by the increased mass of the moving parts of the large telescope.

[0048] In some embodiments, the magnetic gear structure further includes: a fixed ring 200, which is disposed between the high-speed permanent magnet return rotor 100 and the low-speed permanent magnet return rotor 400, and a plurality of magnetic pole pieces 300 are distributed circumferentially along the surface of the fixed ring 200, and the plurality of magnetic pole pieces 300 are sequentially divided into n magnetic pole piece groups, where n≥2 and is an integer.

[0049] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the grouping method can be equal-interval sampling grouping. For example, if there are 9 magnetic pole pieces 300, and it is necessary to divide the magnetic pole pieces 300 into two groups, the magnetic pole pieces 300 are numbered 1-9. The magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 are recorded as the first group, and the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 2, 4, 6, and 8 are recorded as the second group. If it is necessary to divide the magnetic pole pieces 300 into three groups, the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 1, 4, and 7 are recorded as the first group, the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 2, 5, and 8 are recorded as the second group, and the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 3, 6, and 9 are recorded as the third group.

[0050] In some embodiments, the magnetic pole piece 300 is preferably made of silicon steel sheet, and the permanent magnet is made of neodymium iron boron to ensure magnetic field strength.

[0051] In some embodiments, the magnetic pole piece 300 has a rectangular structure. The rectangular magnetic pole piece 300 can be mass-produced using conventional processes such as stamping and cutting, eliminating the need for complex molds or high-precision processing equipment, significantly reducing manufacturing costs. This is particularly suitable for producing a large number of magnetic pole pieces 300 required for the magnetic gears of large telescopes. The rectangular magnetic pole piece 300 has neat edges, forming a relatively regular magnetic field modulation area, resulting in more stable magnetic field coupling with the high-speed or low-speed permanent magnet rotor 400, reducing additional magnetic field distortion or torque fluctuations caused by irregular shapes. Furthermore, since any side of the rectangular structure is a straight line, when the rectangular magnetic pole piece 300 mates with the slot or mounting base on the fixing ring 200, the positioning reference between the magnetic pole piece 300 and the positioning ring is more clearly defined, enabling more accurate calculation of the spacing between the magnetic pole pieces 300 and ensuring that the phase difference between the actual placement positions of each group of magnetic pole pieces 300 matches the calculated design position.

[0052] In some embodiments, the magnetic pole piece 300 has a stepped structure, with multiple steps refining the magnetic field transition region, making the magnetic flux interaction between the magnetic pole piece 300 and the permanent magnet return rotor more uniform, and further reducing the high-frequency torque fluctuations caused by sudden changes in local magnetic field.

[0053] The thickness or width of the stepped structure can be adjusted in stages according to the spatial constraints of the fixed ring 200, which facilitates a compact layout within the limited space inside the magnetic gear, while ensuring the precision of the unequal spacing of each set of magnetic pole pieces 300. When the stepped magnetic pole pieces 300 are applied to the unequally spaced magnetic gear structure, the high-frequency torque fluctuation of the magnetic gear can be reduced.

[0054] It should be noted separately that both rectangular and stepped magnetic pole pieces 300 are compatible with the core design of unequally spaced pole pieces, jointly improving the stability and applicability of the magnetic gear. Whether the magnetic gear uses rectangular or stepped magnetic pole pieces 300, it has no impact on the unequally spaced arrangement.

[0055] In some embodiments, the surface of the fixing ring 200 is provided with a slot for positioning the magnetic pole piece 300. The slot corresponds to the shape and structure of the magnetic pole piece 300. The slot structure is the same for each magnetic pole piece group. The outline of the slot corresponds to the shape of the magnetic pole piece 300, ensuring that the magnetic pole piece 300 can be stably embedded in the fixing ring 200, and avoiding the positional displacement of the magnetic pole piece 300 caused by mechanical vibration due to the gap between parts.

[0056] In some embodiments, the surface of the fixing ring 200 is provided with a slot for positioning the magnetic pole piece 300. The slot corresponds to the shape and structure of the magnetic pole piece 300. The slot structure corresponding to each magnetic pole piece group is different. Each group of magnetic pole pieces 300 adopts a different shape due to functional requirements. For example, the first group of magnetic pole pieces is a rectangular magnetic pole piece 300, and the second group of magnetic pole pieces is a stepped magnetic pole piece 300. For example, the first group of magnetic pole pieces is a magnetic pole piece 300 with a first thickness, and the second group of magnetic pole pieces is a magnetic pole piece 300 with a second thickness. The first thickness and the second thickness are different, which is configured to make each part of the magnetic gear structure have a more suitable local magnetic field to meet the usage requirements in different scenarios.

[0057] In some embodiments, the magnetic pole pieces 300 are arranged in a ring between the high-speed permanent magnet return rotor 100 and the low-speed permanent magnet return rotor 400, and at least a portion of the magnetic pole pieces 300 are inclined relative to the radial plane of the ring arrangement to adjust the magnetic coupling phase between this portion of the magnetic pole pieces 300 and the high-speed permanent magnet return rotor 100, thereby reducing torque fluctuations. Specifically, the axis of the magnetic pole pieces 300 is inclined relative to the radial plane of the fixed ring 200 by an inclination angle of α, where 0° < α ≤ 30°.

[0058] In some embodiments, the tilt angles of different groups of magnetic pole pieces 300 are different, or in multiple groups of magnetic pole pieces, one or more groups of magnetic pole pieces 300 are tilted relative to the radial plane of the fixed ring 200. The tilted magnetic pole pieces 300 and the non-tilted magnetic pole pieces 300 form a preset angle difference in the axial or radial direction to offset the phase of their respective fluctuating torques.

[0059] In some embodiments, the circumferential spacing of the slots corresponding to each of the magnetic pole piece groups satisfies the formula... The slot is configured to allow the plurality of magnetic pole pieces 300 to be positioned at preset unequal intervals. Specifically, this application also provides a method for reducing torque fluctuations in the magnetic gears of a large telescope, comprising the following steps:

[0060] S1: Divide the multiple magnetic pole pieces 300 of the magnetic gear into n groups in sequence, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2;

[0061] S2: Determine the distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces 300 when the plurality of magnetic pole pieces 300 are arranged at equal intervals. ;

[0062] S3: Based on the number of groups n and the group sequence k of 300 magnetic pole pieces per group, according to the formula... Calculate the adjustment distance of 300 for each group of magnetic pole pieces. , where k≥3 and is an integer; When multiple magnetic pole pieces 300 are arranged at equal intervals, the distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces 300;

[0063] S4: Based on the calculated adjustment distance, adjust the relative positions of each group of magnetic pole pieces 300 so that the phase difference of the oscillating torque generated by each group of magnetic pole pieces 300 is 360° / n, so as to achieve mutual cancellation of the oscillating torque of each group.

[0064] Since this application is an improvement on the original equally spaced magnetic pole pieces 300, it is necessary to adjust the equally spaced magnetic pole pieces 300 to an unequally spaced arrangement structure, and it is necessary to adjust all the magnetic pole pieces 300 in the magnetic gear structure as a whole. When all magnetic pole pieces 300 are arranged at equal intervals, the distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces 300 is the reference spacing or fixed interval when multiple magnetic pole pieces 300 are uniformly distributed in the traditional way, where n≥2 and is an integer.

[0065] This can be understood as allocating a basic adjustment reference value to each group of magnetic pole pieces 300 on average, thereby initially determining the approximate range of relative position adjustment for each group of magnetic pole pieces 300, and thus achieving a regular distance difference setting between adjacent groups of magnetic pole pieces 300 in the circumferential direction, ultimately achieving the goal of making the phase difference of the fluctuating torque of each group 360° / n. In practical applications, the number of groups of magnetic pole pieces 300 can be adjusted according to the torque fluctuation reduction requirements. For example, when n=2, the phase difference is 180°.

[0066] In some embodiments, k in S3 is the grouping number of the magnetic pole pieces 300 after grouping, k=1, 2, ..., n. The first group is the reference group, and the adjustment distance of the reference group is 0. The adjustment distances of the other groups are calculated relative to the position of the (k-1) group in S2. Except for the first group, the offset of each of the other groups is... / 2n.

[0067] In some embodiments, the grouping method of the magnetic pole pieces 300 in step S1 is to sample and group them at intervals according to the arrangement order. Specifically, in the circumferential direction of the fixed ring 200, the magnetic pole pieces 300 are arranged continuously in a clockwise or counterclockwise order. Among all the magnetic pole pieces 300, the magnetic pole pieces 300 are divided into n groups by the principle of sampling and grouping at intervals. Each group of magnetic pole pieces 300 is evenly distributed on the circumference of the fixed ring 200 and staggered from each other.

[0068] In some embodiments, the magnetic pole pieces 300 in step S1 are grouped in a sequential and uniform manner. For example, a magnetic gear has N magnetic pole pieces 300, which are numbered 1, 2, 3, ..., N along the circumference. The magnetic pole pieces 300 can be divided into n groups by the principle of interval sampling, where N is an integer multiple of n. The first group selects magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 1, 1+n, 1+2n, ..., 1+(m-1)n, where m is the number of magnetic pole pieces 300 in each group, and m=N / n; the second group selects magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 2, 2+n, 2+2n, ..., 2+(m-1)n; and so on, until the nth group selects magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered n, 2n, 3n, ..., mn.

[0069] For example, when there are 6 magnetic pole pieces 300, they are numbered 1 to 6. If the magnetic pole pieces 300 need to be divided into two groups, then the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 1, 3, and 5 are recorded as the first group, and the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 2, 4, and 6 are recorded as the second group. If the magnetic pole pieces 300 need to be divided into three groups, then the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 1 and 4 are recorded as the first group, the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 2 and 5 are recorded as the second group, and the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 3 and 6 are recorded as the third group.

[0070] In some embodiments, the grouping method of the magnetic pole pieces 300 in step S1 is a non-uniform grouping in sequence. For example, when the total number of magnetic pole pieces 300 is 7, the magnetic pole pieces 300 are numbered 1-7. If the magnetic pole pieces 300 need to be divided into two groups, then the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 1, 3, 5, and 7 are recorded as the first group, and the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 2, 4, and 6 are recorded as the second group; if the magnetic pole pieces 300 need to be divided into three groups, then the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 1, 4, and 7 are recorded as the first group, the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 2 and 5 are recorded as the second group, and the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 3 and 6 are recorded as the third group. When the total number N of magnetic pole pieces 300 is not an integer multiple of n, the distance formula can be adjusted by introducing a quantity correction coefficient to ensure that the phase difference still meets 360° / n, avoiding a decrease in the applicability of the scheme due to the limitation of the total number of magnetic pole pieces 300.

[0071] In some embodiments, the equidistant arrangement described in S2 refers to the fact that the geometric center distance between any two adjacent magnetic pole pieces 300 in a uniformly distributed state of N magnetic pole pieces 300 is consistent, that is, all magnetic pole pieces 300 are arranged at equal intervals. The distance between the geometric centers of two adjacent magnetic pole pieces 300 is measured along the tangent direction of the circumference of the fixed ring 200. If the edge spacing or radial distance between the two magnetic pole pieces 300 is used as the reference, it will lead to errors in subsequent distance calculation and affect the accuracy of the phase difference.

[0072] In some embodiments, the formula described in S3 This applies to scenarios where the oscillating torque of each group of magnetic pole pieces is a sine wave and the waveforms overlap. If the oscillating waveform is distorted due to differences in the magnetic gear structure, the formula needs to be adaptively modified and recalculated.

[0073] Based on the above method, when n=3, the adjustment distance of the first group of magnetic pole pieces 300 is 0, i.e., it remains fixed; the adjustment distance of the second group of magnetic pole pieces 300 is... The third set of magnetic pole pieces was adjusted to a distance of 300. This ensures that the phase difference between each group of fluctuating torques is 120°.

[0074] In some embodiments, according to S3 The calculation results show that the offset directions of two adjacent groups of magnetic pole pieces are different. The torque fluctuation is canceled out by phase offset, and the cumulative offset of the structure is avoided. This ensures that the total distribution of magnetic pole pieces 300 is still uniform and symmetrical around the circumference of the fixed ring 200, without destroying the overall structural stability of the magnetic gear.

[0075] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, when the magnetic pole pieces 300 within the magnetic gear structure are divided into three groups, the N magnetic pole pieces 300 are first arranged at equal intervals, and then divided into three groups according to the principle of interval sampling. The first group is taken as the reference group, which is the non-moving group, meaning the offset of the first group is 0. The second group is offset relative to the first group in the positive direction along the circumference of the fixed ring 200. The distance, that is, moving clockwise. The third group is offset negatively relative to the first group along the circumferential direction of the fixed ring 200. The distance, that is, moving counterclockwise. .

[0076] The aforementioned The adjustment distance of the magnetic pole piece group can be denoted as +. This indicates movement in a clockwise direction; the movement of the third group is denoted as... This indicates movement in a counter-clockwise direction. This prevents the actual position of the magnetic pole piece 300 from being opposite to the preset position due to incorrect direction, ensuring that each group of magnetic pole pieces 300 forms a preset phase difference according to the calculation results, thus achieving the effect of mutual cancellation of fluctuating torque.

[0077] If the actual adjustment of direction or distance fails to bring the magnetic pole pieces to the preset position during the movement of the magnetic pole pieces 300, the phase difference between the undulating torque generated by different sets of magnetic pole pieces 300 will increase or decrease. That is, the phase difference deviates from the design target, resulting in the superposition of undulating torque and violating the purpose of reducing torque undulation.

[0078] Based on the adjustments made in the above embodiments, the comparison diagram of the fluctuating torque of each group of magnetic pole pieces 300 after adjustment is shown in the figure below. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the three curves correspond to the torque fluctuations of the first, second, and third groups of magnetic pole pieces 300, respectively, reflecting the change of torque over time.

[0079] Each set of curves exhibits periodic sinusoidal fluctuations, and the fluctuation periods and amplitudes of the three sets of curves are basically the same, indicating that the magnetic pole piece groups adjusted by this method have the characteristics of the same frequency and amplitude, which can make the positive and negative torque fluctuations of different groups cancel each other out.

[0080] In some embodiments, in step S4, where the phase difference of the fluctuating torque generated by each group of magnetic pole pieces 300 is 360° / n, the actual adjustment position of the magnetic pole piece 300 relative to the calculated value must have an adjustment accuracy of ≤0.02mm to ensure the consistency of the fluctuating torque waveform of the magnetic pole piece 300 and guarantee the performance stability of the magnetic pole piece 300 during operation. If the position deviation is too large, it will cause the actual phase difference to deviate from 360° / n, and the cancellation effect will be significantly reduced. Figure 4 As shown, when n=3, the torque fluctuation curves of the three sets of magnetic pole pieces 300 have a phase difference of 120°.

[0081] This application also provides a large telescope, the drive system of which is equipped with the magnetic gear structure provided in this application embodiment. Specifically, to improve control accuracy and reduce vibration to improve observation accuracy, the azimuth and elevation axes of the telescope can adopt a reduction mechanism with the magnetic gear structure. The magnetic gear structure includes magnetic pole pieces 300 sampled at unequal intervals along the circumference of the fixed ring 200. The magnetic pole pieces 300 are arranged at unequal intervals according to a preset phase difference, and the position of the magnetic pole pieces 300 can be precisely adjusted by a matching positioning device.

[0082] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, before adjustment, the magnetic pole pieces 300 were arranged at equal intervals, and the test curve exhibited obvious periodic large oscillations, indicating that the torque changed drastically over time under equal intervals, resulting in poor stability. After adjustment, the magnetic pole pieces 300 were arranged at unequal intervals, and the curve was relatively flat. Although periodic fluctuations were present, the amplitude was small and the changes were gradual, meaning that the torque of the magnetic gear was more stable during operation, reducing vibration and noise caused by torque fluctuations and improving the smoothness of equipment operation. Changing the magnetic pole pieces 300 from an equal-interval arrangement to an unequal-interval arrangement effectively reduced the fluctuation amplitude of the cogging torque and improved the stability of the magnetic gear operation.

[0083] The magnetic gear structure disclosed herein employs a method for reducing torque fluctuations in magnetic gears that facilitates manufacturing, thus solving the problems of difficult and costly magnetization of magnetic gears in related technologies. In related technologies, the reduction of fluctuating torque in magnetic gears is achieved through the tilting of the magnet and the trapezoidal structure of the magnetic pole pieces. While this structure effectively reduces the fluctuating torque, it results in unusual shapes for the magnet and magnetic pole pieces, increasing manufacturing difficulty. Furthermore, magnetizing magnets with unusual shapes requires matching magnetization devices, significantly increasing the difficulty and cost of magnet fabrication. Additionally, the unusual shape poses difficulties for the installation of large telescope equipment. This solution, however, does not alter the shape of the magnet. Instead, it adjusts the relative positions of the magnetic pole pieces 300 to cancel out the fluctuating torques generated by the pole pieces 300 at different positions, thereby reducing overall torque fluctuations.

[0084] This invention achieves mutual cancellation of torque fluctuations between groups by grouping magnetic pole pieces 300 and adjusting the relative positions of each group of magnetic pole pieces 300 according to calculation results. Because it does not require special structures, it does not increase the manufacturing difficulty and cost of the device, and it does not negatively affect the installation of large telescopes.

[0085] The magnetic gear structure, torque fluctuation reduction method, and large telescope provided in this disclosure can be referred to in any of the above embodiments for their specific structure, working principle, and beneficial effects, and will not be elaborated here.

[0086] Finally, it should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the systems or apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the descriptions are relatively simple, and relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0087] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this disclosure, and are not intended to limit it. Although this disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for reducing torque fluctuations in the magnetic gears of a large telescope, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Divide the multiple magnetic pole pieces of the magnetic gear into n groups in sequence, where n≥2 and is an integer; S2: Determine the distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces when the plurality of magnetic pole pieces are arranged at equal intervals. ; S3: Based on the number of groups n and the group order k of each group of magnetic pole pieces, where k is an integer; When multiple magnetic pole pieces are arranged at equal intervals, the distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces is defined. In the multiple groups of magnetic pole pieces, the adjustment distance of the first group is 0, and the adjustment distance of the k-th group is calculated as an offset relative to the position of the (k-1)-th group in S2. This offset is... / 2n; the offset directions of two adjacent groups of magnetic pole pieces are different; S4: Based on the calculated adjustment distance, adjust the relative positions of each group of magnetic pole pieces so that the phase difference of the oscillating torque generated by each group of magnetic pole pieces is 360° / n, so as to achieve mutual cancellation of the oscillating torque of each group. In this configuration, one or more groups of magnetic pole pieces are inclined relative to the plane of arrangement of the non-inclined magnetic pole pieces. The inclined magnetic pole pieces and the non-inclined magnetic pole pieces form a preset angle difference in the axial or radial direction to offset the phase of their respective fluctuating torques.

2. The method for reducing torque fluctuations in the magnetic gears of a large telescope according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic pole pieces in S1 are grouped by sampling in sequence.

3. The method for reducing torque fluctuations in the magnetic gears of a large telescope according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the plurality of magnetic pole pieces are arranged at equal intervals, the distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces is... It is the distance between the geometric centers of two adjacent magnetic pole pieces when the multiple magnetic pole pieces are evenly distributed.

4. A magnetic gear structure for a large telescope, characterized in that, include: The high-speed permanent magnet return rotor, the low-speed permanent magnet return rotor, and the magnetic pole pieces are configured to solve the direct drive problem caused by the increased mass of the moving parts of the large telescope by using the torque fluctuation reduction method of the large telescope magnetic gear as described in any one of claims 1-3. The magnetic gear structure also includes: A fixed ring, wherein a plurality of the magnetic pole pieces are distributed circumferentially along the surface of the fixed ring; The surface of the fixing ring is provided with a slot for positioning the magnetic pole pieces, and the slot structures corresponding to each magnetic pole piece group may be the same or different.

5. The magnetic gear structure for a large telescope according to claim 4, characterized in that, The magnetic pole piece has a stepped structure and is configured to reduce high-frequency torque fluctuations caused by sudden changes in local magnetic field.

6. The magnetic gear structure for a large telescope according to claim 4, characterized in that, The magnetic pole pieces are arranged in a ring along the circumference of the fixed ring, and at least a portion of the axes of the magnetic pole pieces are inclined relative to the radial plane of the fixed ring.

7. A large telescope, characterized in that, include: The drive system of the large telescope is provided with a magnetic gear structure as described in any one of claims 4-6.

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