Method for improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of rain-fed agricultural corn by using microorganisms and ridging and film mulching

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of microbial regulation and control in rain-fed agriculture, in particular to a method for improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of corn in rain-fed agriculture by utilizing microorganisms and ridging and mulching, and the regulation and control method is characterized in that under rain-fed agriculture, the nutrient utilization rate and the water utilization rate are improved by combining a ridging and mulching cultivation mode with application of an AMF fungicide. Comprising the following steps: S1, soil preparation and ridging: setting a ridge-furrow ratio by utilizing wide and narrow rows; s2, applying base fertilizer before sowing: applying 50 kg of base fertilizer per mu and 3 kg of AMF bacterial fertilizer per mu at the same time; s3, film covering: covering films on the ridges to form micro rainwater collecting surfaces; s4, seed selection and sowing: performing seed pretreatment before sowing, and then sowing in April 18th to April 30th; s5, topdressing in the jointing stage, wherein 3 kg of AMF bacterial fertilizer is applied to each mu in a furrow mode. By means of the microorganism regulation and control technology, the yield of the dry land rain-fed corn is increased, meanwhile, the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of the dry land rain-fed corn is improved, and the stable yield and yield increase of the dry land rain-fed corn are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rain-fed agricultural microbial regulation, in particular to a method for improving the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of rain-fed agricultural corn by utilizing microorganisms and ridging and film covering. Background Art

[0002] The ridge-mulching tillage system utilizes film covering on the ridges to create micro-rainwater collection surfaces, collecting rainfall from the ridges into furrows. It also reduces surface water loss by evaporation. This helps improve water use efficiency for corn grown in furrows. In short, this approach improves water use efficiency for rain-fed corn by concentrating water distribution and reducing evaporation. However, this system does not utilize functional soil microorganisms, leaving room for improvement.

[0003] Based on this, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as an important functional soil microorganism, have been shown to play a significant role in improving crop water use efficiency, promoting water absorption, and enhancing nutrient uptake. Through their unique hyphal network, AMF can expand the root absorption range, improving plant access to water and mineral nutrients. This can effectively enhance crop drought resistance and water use efficiency, particularly in water-limited environments. Furthermore, the symbiotic relationship between AMF and soil microorganisms helps enhance plant root absorption capacity, thereby improving the effective utilization of soil nutrients, particularly key nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen. Combined with ridge-mulching tillage, the use of AMF inoculants can further optimize water and fertilizer management, improve soil water use efficiency, and enhance overall corn yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency by promoting root growth and nutrient uptake. Therefore, exploring the application of AMF inoculants in ridge-mulching systems not only fully leverages their advantages in water management but also provides a new technical approach to increasing corn yield and sustainable development in rain-fed agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for improving the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of rain-fed corn by utilizing microorganisms and ridge mulching, combining the ridge mulching tillage mode with drought-resistant microbial agents to further improve the crop yield in dryland rain-fed agricultural areas.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for improving the water and fertilizer use efficiency of rain-fed corn using microorganisms and ridging and mulching. The method involves applying an AMF inoculant to improve nutrient and water use efficiency in rain-fed corn cultivation.

[0007] The AMF agent is an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal flora obtained by potted propagation method.

[0008] The specific steps include:

[0009] S1, land preparation and ridge formation: using wide and narrow rows to set the ridge-furrow ratio;

[0010] S2, apply base fertilizer before sowing: apply base fertilizer 50kg / mu and AMF fertilizer 3kg / mu at the same time;

[0011] S3, film covering: film covering on the ridge to form a micro-rainfall collection surface;

[0012] S4, seed selection and sowing: seeds were pretreated before sowing and sown between April 18 and April 30;

[0013] S5, topdressing during jointing stage: apply AMF fertilizer in furrows at 3kg / mu.

[0014] Furthermore, the ridge-ditch ratio in step S1 is specifically 70-80 cm ridge: 40-50 cm ditch; the ridge height is about 15-20 cm, and the shape is arched, that is, the top cannot be flat or concave, so as not to reduce the micro-rainwater collection function.

[0015] Furthermore, the base fertilizer in step S2 is compound fertilizer, and its composition is N:P:K=14:16:15. The base fertilizer ratio can be appropriately adjusted according to the actual soil conditions of the planting site.

[0016] Furthermore, the specific method of covering in step S3 is: covering the 70-80 cm ridge with agricultural film, the film needs to be covered flatly and consistent with the ridge width to form an arched micro-rainwater collection surface, and the edge of the film must be downward in the soil to prevent the formation of water storage folds and reduce the rainwater collection efficiency.

[0017] Furthermore, the pretreatment method of corn seeds in step S4 is specifically as follows: select high-quality corn seeds, and before sowing, select seeds without cracks or damage; cracks or damage on the seed surface will affect the germination rate and vitality of the seeds, and national standard corn seeds are used.

[0018] Furthermore, the specific method of sowing corn in step S4 is: using the wide-narrow row sowing method, sowing corn in furrows, sowing two rows in each furrow, with a row spacing of about 40 cm, a plant spacing of about 30 cm, and a plant density controlled at 4000 to 5000 plants per mu.

[0019] Furthermore, the regulation method also includes field management, and the field management includes seedling management, ear management and fruiting management.

[0020] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0021] This invention combines ridge-mulching tillage with drought-resistant microbial agents to further increase crop yields in rain-fed dryland agricultural areas. The AMF agent forms an extraradical mycelial network with the host, helping the host expand its water and nutrient uptake. The slender hyphae penetrate discrete moisture patches in the soil, aiding plant absorption. Furthermore, the AMF hyphae and extracellular secretions (EPS) promote soil aggregate formation, improve soil structure, and enhance soil water retention. The AMF also recruits phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, enhancing plant phosphorus utilization. This combination of microbial agents and ridge-mulching tillage in rain-fed agricultural areas can further improve crop yields and water and fertilizer utilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is an operation flow chart of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 The water and fertilizer utilization efficiency results of the test examples of the present invention are shown.

[0024] Figure 3 These are the plant index results of the test examples of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments and drawings. The contents mentioned in the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] AMF microbial agent is a product of Mumeituli Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd.: Jinyi Mushroom Field.

[0028] Field trials were conducted in Heyang County, Shaanxi Province, located in the Weibei dry plateau region with an average annual precipitation of approximately 500 mm. Corn cultivation is rain-fed on dry land, and corn yields are severely constrained by water availability, with yields typically ranging from 450 kg to 650 kg per mu, depending on precipitation conditions. The corn seed used was the commonly used, highly adaptable Lidan 22 variety. Spring corn cultivation with ridged film mulching and microbial regulation was carried out as follows (referred to as this protocol):

[0029] S1, land preparation and ridge formation: use wide and narrow rows to set the ridge-ditch ratio; the specific ridge-ditch ratio is 70-80cm ridge: 40-50cm ditch; the ridge height is about 15-20cm, and the shape is arched, that is, the top cannot be flat or concave, so as not to reduce the micro-rainwater collection function.

[0030] S2. Apply base fertilizer before sowing: apply base fertilizer 50kg / mu at the same time. The base fertilizer is compound fertilizer with the composition of N:P:K=14:16:15. The base fertilizer ratio can be adjusted appropriately according to the actual soil conditions of the planting area; AMF bacterial fertilizer 3kg / mu.

[0031] S3, film covering: Film covering on the ridges to form a micro-rainwater collection surface; the specific method of film covering is: cover the ridges with agricultural film at 70-80 cm, the film must be covered flat and consistent with the ridge width to form an arched micro-rainwater collection surface, and the edge of the film must be downward in the soil to prevent the formation of water storage folds and reduce the rainwater collection efficiency.

[0032] S4. Seed Selection and Sowing: Seeds should be pre-treated before sowing, and sowing should take place between April 18th and 30th. The specific pre-treatment method for corn seeds is to select high-quality corn seeds without cracks or damage before sowing. Surface cracks or damage to seeds can affect germination rate and vigor. National standard corn seeds should be used. Using the wide-narrow row sowing method, corn should be sown in furrows, with two rows per furrow, approximately 40 cm between rows and 30 cm between plants. The plant density should be controlled at 4,000 to 5,000 plants per mu.

[0033] S5, topdressing during jointing stage: apply AMF fertilizer in furrows at 3kg / mu.

[0034] Field management is carried out during the planting period, which includes seedling management, ear management and fruiting management.

[0035] Comparative Example 1

[0036] The method is basically the same as Example 1, except that only compound fertilizer is applied in this embodiment, and AMF fertilizer is not applied.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] In the test field with the same planting environment as Example 1, corn was planted using the method of flat planting + compound fertilizer (base fertilizer) + AMF microbial agent.

[0039] S1, land preparation, rotary tillage the land to make it loose and flat and suitable for sowing.

[0040] S2. Apply base fertilizer before sowing: apply 50kg / mu of base fertilizer at the same time. The base fertilizer is compound fertilizer with the composition of N:P:K=14:16:15. The base fertilizer ratio can be adjusted appropriately according to the actual soil conditions of the planting area; AMF bacterial fertilizer 3kg / mu.

[0041] S3, no coating.

[0042] S4. Seed Selection and Sowing: Seeds should be pre-treated before sowing, and sowing should take place between April 18th and 30th. The specific pre-treatment method for corn seeds is to select high-quality corn seeds without cracks or damage before sowing. Surface cracks or damage to seeds can affect germination rate and vigor. National standard corn seeds should be used. Using the wide-narrow row sowing method, corn should be sown in furrows, with two rows per furrow, approximately 40 cm between rows and 30 cm between plants. The plant density should be controlled at 4,000 to 5,000 plants per mu.

[0043] S5, apply AMF fertilizer during the jointing stage, 3kg / mu.

[0044] Field management was carried out on the experimental field, including seedling management, ear management and fruiting management.

[0045] Comparative Example 2

[0046] The method is basically the same as Example 2, except that no AMF agent was applied in this comparative example.

[0047] Measurement results

[0048] Positioning experiments were conducted on the test fields of Example 1, Example 2, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 to measure corn yield and soil moisture, nutrients, and microorganisms.

[0049] Specifically, the drying method was used to measure soil moisture, and the precipitation data during the corn growing period was inquired from the local meteorological department to calculate the water use efficiency (WUE) of corn kernels.

[0050] The nitrogen content of corn kernels and straw was measured by Kjeldahl method and used to calculate the total nitrogen uptake of corn plants and then the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE).

[0051] The test results are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3 below.

[0052] Table 1 Yield evaluation of microbial regulation technology of ridge mulching for maize in rain-fed agriculture

[0053]

[0054] Table 2 Evaluation of water use efficiency of microbial regulation technology for ridge mulching of maize in rain-fed agriculture

[0055]

[0056] Table 3 Evaluation of nitrogen fertilizer apparent utilization efficiency of microbial regulation technology for ridge mulching of rain-fed maize

[0057]

[0058] From the above experimental results, under the microbial agent and the ridging and film mulching mode, the test field increases the corn yield by 7.06% to 28.74%, the water use efficiency is improved by 0.14 to 0.59 kg / mu / mm (6.57% to 27.70%), and the apparent utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is improved by 0.07 to 0.17, that is, the grain yield per kilogram of nitrogen is improved by 0.07 to 0.17 kg. Among them, the effect of the ridging and film mulching combined with the AMF agent on the crop yield and the water and fertilizer use efficiency is the most significant (as shown in Figure 2 ).

[0059] All the technical features in the embodiment can be modified in appearance according to actual needs.

[0060] The above embodiments are the preferred implementation of the present application, in addition to this, the present application can be implemented in other ways, without departing from the technical solution concept, any obvious replacement within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of rain-fed corn using microorganisms and ridging and film covering, characterized by: This regulation method is to improve nutrient and water use efficiency based on ridge-mulching cultivation combined with the application of AMF inoculant under rain-fed agriculture; The AMF agent is an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal flora, which is obtained by propagation through pot culture.

2. The method for improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of rain-fed corn by utilizing microorganisms and ridging and film covering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1, land preparation and ridge formation: using wide and narrow rows to set the ridge-furrow ratio; S2, apply base fertilizer before sowing: apply base fertilizer 50kg / mu and AMF fertilizer 3kg / mu at the same time; S3, film covering: film covering on the ridge to form a micro-rainfall collection surface; S4, seed selection and sowing: seeds were pretreated before sowing and sown between April 18 and April 30; S5, topdressing during jointing stage: apply AMF fertilizer in furrows at 3kg / mu.

3. The method for improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of rain-fed corn by utilizing microorganisms and ridging and film covering according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ridge-ditch ratio in step S1 is specifically 70-80 cm ridge: 40-50 cm ditch; the ridge height is about 15-20 cm, and the shape is arched.

4. The method of improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of rain-fed corn by utilizing microorganisms and ridging and film covering according to claim 2, characterized in that: The base fertilizer in step S2 is compound fertilizer, and its composition is N:P:K=14:16:

15.

5. The method for improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of rain-fed corn by utilizing microorganisms and ridging and film covering according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific method of film covering in step S3 is: covering the ridges with 70-80 cm of agricultural film, the film needs to be covered flatly, consistent with the width of the ridge, forming an arched micro-rainwater collection surface with the edge of the film facing downward in the soil.

6. The method of improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of rain-fed corn by utilizing microorganisms and ridging and film covering according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pretreatment method of corn seeds in step S4 is specifically as follows: selecting high-quality corn seeds, selecting seeds without cracks or damage before sowing, and using national standard corn seeds.

7. The method of improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of rain-fed corn by utilizing microorganisms and ridging and film covering according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific method of sowing corn in step S4 is: adopting the wide-narrow row sowing method, sowing corn in furrows, sowing two rows in each furrow, with a row spacing of about 40 cm, a plant spacing of about 30 cm, and a plant density controlled at 4000-5000 plants / mu.

8. The method of improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of rain-fed corn by utilizing microorganisms and ridging and film covering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The regulation method also includes field management, which includes seedling management, ear management and fruiting management.

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