Organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic fertilizer which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of agricultural waste powder, 10-20 parts of mineral powder, 5-15 parts of animal and plant grease residues, 3-10 parts of a seaweed extract, 5-15 parts of humic acid, 1-5 parts of a microbial agent, 0.5-3 parts of a trace element additive and 2-8 parts of a natural adhesive. The problem that an existing organic fertilizer is single in nutrient element is solved, the organic fertilizer can provide macro and trace nutrients at the same time, the nutrient solubility is improved through the chelation of humic acid, and the nutrient absorption efficiency of crops is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and in particular relates to an organic fertilizer. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern agriculture, the widespread use of chemical fertilizers has increased crop yields, but has also led to a series of environmental problems, such as soil compaction, nutrient imbalance, and groundwater contamination. To address these issues, organic fertilizers are gaining increasing attention due to their ability to improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, promote crop growth, and reduce environmental pollution.

[0003] There are many organic fertilizers on the market today. These fertilizers are mostly made from agricultural waste, plant and animal residues, municipal sludge, and other raw materials through composting or microbial fermentation. However, existing organic fertilizers often lack a comprehensive and balanced ratio of nutrients, especially trace elements, which limits the full utilization of crop growth potential. In addition, although some organic fertilizers contain a certain amount of microbial agents, due to improper strain selection or poor maintenance of agent activity, the microbial effect is not significant in actual application, making it difficult to effectively promote soil nutrient conversion and crop absorption and utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The invention provides an organic fertilizer to solve the problem of the existing technology, which solves the problem of single nutrient elements in existing organic fertilizers, enables organic fertilizers to provide macro and micro nutrients at the same time, and improves the solubility of nutrients through the chelation effect of humic acid, thereby enhancing the efficiency of crop absorption of nutrients.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: an organic fertilizer, composed of the following raw materials in the following weight ratios: 30-60 parts of agricultural waste powder, 10-20 parts of mineral powder, 5-15 parts of animal and vegetable oil residues, 3-10 parts of seaweed extract, 5-15 parts of humic acid, 1-5 parts of microbial agent, 0.5-3 parts of trace element additives, and 2-8 parts of natural adhesive; The agricultural waste powder is obtained by crushing a mixture of one or more of straw, rice husk and corn cob.

[0006] Preferably, the mineral powder is a mixture of one or more of phosphate rock powder, potash rock powder and medical stone powder.

[0007] Preferably, the microbial agent includes at least two of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria or photosynthetic bacteria.

[0008] Preferably, the seaweed extract is one or more of brown algae, red algae or green algae, and is obtained by water extraction or enzymatic hydrolysis.

[0009] Preferably, the trace element additive includes one or more of borax, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, and ammonium molybdate.

[0010] Preferably, the natural adhesive is one of starch slurry, lignin sulfonate or chitosan solution.

[0011] A method for preparing an organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: Agricultural waste powder, mineral powder, animal and vegetable oil residue, seaweed extract and humic acid are mixed uniformly in proportion to obtain a basic mixture; Add microbial agents and trace element additives to the basic mixture and stir thoroughly until uniform; Add the natural binder and continue stirring until the mixture can form a clumping mass; The mixture is granulated by a granulator to obtain granular organic fertilizer; The granular organic fertilizer is dried to control the moisture content below 10%.

[0012] Preferably, in the preparation process of the agricultural waste powder, a method of first crushing and then screening is adopted, and the powder particle size is 30 mesh-60 mesh.

[0013] Preferably, the inoculation amount of the microbial agent is 1%-5% of the total weight of the mixture.

[0014] Preferably, the drying process adopts low-temperature hot air circulation drying technology, and the drying temperature is 40-60°C.

[0015] It can be seen that the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The effective ratio of agricultural waste powder, mineral powder, animal and plant oil residues, seaweed extract and humic acid in the present invention forms a composite of multi-source organic matter and mineral elements. The seaweed extract is rich in natural growth hormones and trace elements, which complement the phosphorus and potassium elements in the mineral powder. This solves the problem of single nutrient elements in existing organic fertilizers, enables organic fertilizers to provide both macro- and trace nutrients, and improves nutrient solubility through the chelation effect of humic acid, thereby enhancing the efficiency of crop absorption of nutrients.

[0016] 2. In the present invention, the activity of microorganisms is retained after granulation through low-temperature hot air circulation drying technology, avoiding the inactivation of bacterial flora caused by traditional high-temperature drying, so that the bacterial agent can continue to play the role of decomposing organic matter and releasing fixed nutrients in the soil, effectively solving the defect of the existing technology that the microbial effect is not significant, and improving the conversion efficiency of soil nutrients. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to better understand the technical characteristics of the present invention, the present invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used in limiting the scope of the present invention.In addition, should be understood that those skilled in the art, after reading the content taught by the present invention, can make various changes or modifications to the content, and these equivalent forms fall equally within the scope limited by the appended claims of the application. Example 1

[0018] An organic fertilizer composed of the following raw materials in the following weight ratios: 45 parts of agricultural waste powder, 15 parts of mineral powder, 10 parts of animal and vegetable oil residues, 6 parts of seaweed extract, 10 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of microbial agent, 1.5 parts of trace element additives, and 5 parts of natural adhesive; Among them, the agricultural waste powder is straw and rice husk, which are mixed in a ratio of 1:1 and crushed; the mineral powder is phosphate rock powder and potassium rock powder, which are mixed in a ratio of 2:1; the animal and plant oil residue is soybean oil residue, the seaweed extract is the enzymatic hydrolysis product of brown algae, the microbial agents are phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the trace element additives are borax and zinc sulfate, which are mixed in a ratio of 1:1; the natural adhesive is starch slurry.

[0019] The preparation method of organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: Preparation of agricultural waste powder: Mix straw and rice husk in a ratio of 1:1, grind them and pass them through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain powder with uniform particle size.

[0020] Preparation of the basic mixture: Weigh 45 parts of agricultural waste powder, 15 parts of mineral powder, 10 parts of animal and vegetable oil residues, 6 parts of seaweed extract, and 10 parts of humic acid, place them in a mixer and stir them thoroughly for 20 minutes to form a uniform basic mixture.

[0021] Addition of microorganisms and trace elements: Add 3 parts of microbial agents and 1.5 parts of trace element additives to the basic mixture and continue stirring for 15 minutes until completely uniform.

[0022] Pre-granulation treatment: Add starch slurry as a natural binder and stir until the mixture can form a clumping mass to ensure the granule formability.

[0023] Granulation and drying: The mixture is made into granules with a diameter of 3-5mm by a granulator, and the low-temperature hot air circulation drying technology is used at a drying temperature of 50°C, and the moisture content is dried to 8% to obtain the finished organic fertilizer. Example 2

[0024] Raw material ratio adjustment: 8 parts of seaweed extract and 4 parts of microbial agents.

[0025] The remaining raw materials are the same as those in Example 1.

[0026] Among them, the seaweed extract is the water extract of red algae and green algae, with the ratio of red algae to green algae being 1:1: The microbial agents are potassium-dissolving bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria.

[0027] The preparation method of organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: Preparation of agricultural waste powder: The same as Example 1, but using corn cobs as a single raw material, which was crushed and then passed through a 50-mesh sieve.

[0028] Preparation of base mixture: Mix the ingredients according to the adjusted proportions and extend the stirring time to 25 minutes to ensure that the seaweed extract is fully dispersed.

[0029] Addition of microorganisms and trace elements: The inoculum amount was increased to 4% of the total weight of the mixture, with an emphasis on supplementing potassium-solubilizing bacteria to promote the release of potassium in the soil.

[0030] Granulation and drying: Chitosan solution is used as a binder, and after granulation, it is dried at a low temperature of 45°C to obtain granular organic fertilizer. Example 3

[0031] Raw material ratio adjustment: 3 parts of natural adhesive, 50 parts of agricultural waste powder.

[0032] The remaining raw materials are the same as those in Example 1.

[0033] Among them, the natural adhesive is lignin sulfonate.

[0034] The agricultural waste powder is straw and corn cob.

[0035] The preparation method of organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: Preparation of agricultural waste powder: Mix straw and corn cobs in a ratio of 2:1, crush them and pass them through a 60-mesh sieve to increase the powder fineness and reduce the amount of binder used.

[0036] Preparation of basic mixture: shorten the mixing time to 15 minutes and utilize the self-adhesiveness of high-fineness powder to reduce the need for subsequent adhesives.

[0037] Addition of microorganisms and trace elements: Maintain the inoculum amount at 2%, but increase the proportion of photosynthetic bacteria to 50% of the agent to enhance the soil carbon cycle capacity.

[0038] Granulation and drying: A two-step granulation method is used, first pre-pressing into small pieces and then crushing and granulating. The drying temperature is controlled at 40°C to maximize the retention of microbial activity.

[0039] Experimental example: Select cucumber planting fields with serious continuous cropping obstacles and declining soil fertility; Basic physical and chemical properties of the soil: pH 6.2, organic matter content 1.8%, bulk density 1.35g / cm³; Set up 5 treatment groups, 3 replicates per group, and use randomized block arrangement: Control group (CK): conventional fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15, 40 kg per mu); Example 1 group (T1): 80 kg of the organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1 was applied per mu (60 kg of base fertilizer + 20 kg of topdressing during the flowering period); Example 2 group (T2): 80 kg of the organic fertilizer prepared in Example 2 was applied per mu (60 kg of base fertilizer + 20 kg of topdressing during the fruit swelling period); Example 3 group (T3): 80 kg of the organic fertilizer prepared in Example 3 was applied per mu (50 kg of base fertilizer + two topdressings totaling 30 kg); Commercially available group (COM): similar commercially available organic fertilizers (the main ingredients are livestock and poultry manure + humic acid, 100 kg per mu, divided into 70 kg base fertilizer + 30 kg topdressing).

[0040] Experimental methods Soil sampling and testing: Soil from 0 to 20 cm of the tillage layer was collected before fertilization and after harvest, and bulk density, porosity, organic matter, available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) content, and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were determined.

[0041] Crop growth index determination: The plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area index (LAI) of cucumber were recorded, and the yield per plant, soluble solids content of the fruit, and incidence of wilt disease were calculated.

[0042] Data processing: SPSS 26.0 was used for analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Duncan method was used to test the significance of the differences among the treatments (P < 0.05).

[0043] Experimental results 1. Improvement effect of soil physical properties

[0044] T1 and T2 significantly reduced soil bulk density, and the porosity increased by 11.9%-11.7% compared with CK, indicating that the synergistic effect of multi-source organic matter and mineral powder effectively improved the soil structure.

[0045] The largest increase in organic matter content was observed in T2, which was attributed to the humification-accelerating effect of the seaweed extract.

[0046] 2. Soil nutrient supply capacity

[0047] The contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in T1 and T2 increased by 32.0%-48.1%, 63.8%-57.1% and 42.3%-48.9% respectively compared with CK, indicating that the configuration of microbial agents (phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria) and mineral powder significantly enhanced the nutrient mineralization capacity.

[0048] The increase in T1 microbial biomass carbon reached 46.2%, indicating that the low-temperature drying process effectively preserved microbial activity and promoted soil carbon cycling.

[0049] 3. Crop growth and disease resistance

[0050] The yield of T1 and T2 increased by 49.2%-43.8% compared with CK, and the soluble solid content increased by 18.4%-15.8%, indicating that seaweed extract and low binder technology improved fruit quality by optimizing the nutrient release rhythm.

[0051] The incidence of T1 wilt disease decreased by 56.8%, which was attributed to the disease-suppressing effect of photosynthetic bacteria and the optimization of soil microbial community structure.

[0052] The organic fertilizer of the present invention is significantly superior to conventional chemical fertilizers and commercially available products in improving soil structure, enhancing nutrient supply capacity and promoting crop growth through the synergy of multi-source raw materials and process innovation.

[0053] The above describes the relevant contents of the embodiments of the inventions provided in this specification. Based on these descriptions, a person of ordinary skill in the art will be able to implement the embodiments of the inventions provided in this specification. Based on the above contents of the embodiments of the inventions provided in this specification, all other preferred implementations and embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without making any creative effort shall fall within the scope of protection of the embodiments of the inventions provided in this specification.

Claims

1. An organic fertilizer, characterized in that It is composed of the following raw materials in the following weight ratios: 30-60 parts of agricultural waste powder, 10-20 parts of mineral powder, 5-15 parts of animal and vegetable oil residues, 3-10 parts of seaweed extract, 5-15 parts of humic acid, 1-5 parts of microbial agent, 0.5-3 parts of trace element additives, and 2-8 parts of natural adhesive; The agricultural waste powder is obtained by crushing a mixture of one or more of straw, rice husk and corn cob.

2. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The mineral powder is a mixture of one or more of phosphate rock powder, potash rock powder and medical stone powder.

3. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The microbial agent comprises at least two of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria or photosynthetic bacteria.

4. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The seaweed extract is one or more of brown algae, red algae or green algae, and is prepared by water extraction or enzymatic hydrolysis.

5. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The trace element additive includes one or more of borax, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, and ammonium molybdate.

6. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The natural adhesive is one of starch slurry, lignin sulfonate or chitosan solution.

7. A method for preparing an organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Agricultural waste powder, mineral powder, animal and vegetable oil residue, seaweed extract and humic acid are mixed uniformly in proportion to obtain a basic mixture; Add microbial agents and trace element additives to the basic mixture and stir thoroughly until uniform; Add the natural binder and continue stirring until the mixture can form a clumping mass; The mixture is granulated by a granulator to obtain granular organic fertilizer; The granular organic fertilizer is dried to control the moisture content below 10%.

8. The method for preparing an organic fertilizer according to claim 7, wherein During the preparation of the agricultural waste powder, a method of first crushing and then screening is adopted, and the powder particle size is 30 meshes to 60 meshes.

9. The method for preparing an organic fertilizer according to claim 7, wherein The inoculation amount of the microbial agent is 1%-5% of the total weight of the mixture.

10. The method for preparing an organic fertilizer according to claim 7, wherein: The drying process adopts low-temperature hot air circulation drying technology, and the drying temperature is 40-60°C.

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