All-weather anti-icing and deicing phase change heat preservation composite coating with auxiliary heating function and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an all-weather anti-icing and deicing phase change heat preservation composite coating with an auxiliary heating function and a preparation method thereof, and mainly relates to the technical field of coating materials. Comprising the following steps: S1, preparing a heat-insulating organic silicon primer with a gradient porous structure by adopting a non-solvent induced phase separation method; s2, preparing a photo-thermal / electric heating / phase change composite filler by adopting a vacuum adsorption method; s3, an anti-icing and deicing functional layer with photo-thermal and electric heating performance and phase change heat preservation performance is prepared through a spraying method; and S4, a hydrophobic protection layer is sprayed to the surface of the coating through a spraying method, curing is conducted, and the all-weather anti-icing and deicing phase change heat preservation composite coating integrating electric heating and photo-thermal is obtained. The invention has the beneficial effects that the three-layer structure with different functions is provided, the hot ice melting efficiency can be improved, the surface icing time can be delayed, and the all-weather anti-icing performance can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coating materials, and in particular to an all-weather anti-icing phase-change thermal insulation composite coating with auxiliary heating function and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Icing is a common physical phenomenon in nature. When the ambient temperature drops below freezing and the air humidity is high, water vapor or liquid water condenses on the surface of materials, forming a layer of ice. If the temperature continues to drop, the ice layer will continue to thicken, forming a dense solid ice layer. Icing is particularly pronounced in rainy, snowy weather or high humidity environments. Icing on the surfaces of equipment and materials poses a serious threat to human life and equipment operation. In the power system, ice accumulation on transmission lines can cause line vibration, disconnection, or even collapse, leading to widespread power outages. In aviation, ice formation on aircraft wings can alter aerodynamic shape, compromising flight safety. In transportation, icy roads increase the risk of vehicles skidding and causing accidents. Furthermore, ice accumulation increases equipment weight, reduces heat transfer efficiency, and can even cause system blockages, seriously impacting normal operation. According to statistics, icing-induced air accidents account for 15% of all accidents, resulting in numerous fatalities and significant economic losses. On May 31, 2009, an Air France Airbus A330-203 crashed en route from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to Paris, France, directly due to ice blocking its pitot tubes. In 2010, a wind turbine in Sweden collapsed due to ice-covered blades, causing imbalance and severe damage to the equipment.

[0003] Traditional deicing technologies are mainly divided into mechanical deicing, thermal deicing, and chemical deicing. However, although these methods can effectively remove ice, they consume a lot of energy, are costly, and have certain environmental hazards. Superhydrophobic coatings are considered to be the anti-icing coatings with the most potential application value. The superhydrophobic properties of the coating are attributed to the coating's low surface energy and rough microstructure, both of which are indispensable. A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant fluorocarbon superhydrophobic coating (CN 115181466 B) provides a superhydrophobic coating based on fluororesin, which has the potential fluorine pollution hazard. More superhydrophobic anti-icing coatings use silicone resin as a low surface energy material, reducing environmental pollution. A photothermal superhydrophobic coating based on Ti3C2Tx MXene@IL nanomaterial and its preparation method (CN115785771B) use MXene as a photothermal agent to enhance the photothermal superhydrophobic effect of the coating. A super-hydrophobic photothermal anti-icing coating material, preparation method, and application (CN 115785804B) uses carbonized corncobs as a photothermal agent to create a super-hydrophobic photothermal anti-icing coating. However, the heat generated by these photothermal super-hydrophobic coatings not only accumulates ice on the surface but also dissipates through the metal substrate. Improving the efficiency of photothermal utilization and producing an all-weather anti-icing coating remains a challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an all-weather anti-icing phase change thermal insulation composite coating with auxiliary heating and a preparation method thereof. The coating has a three-layer structure with different functions, which can improve the thermal ice melting efficiency, delay the surface freezing time, and achieve all-weather anti-icing performance.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: The preparation method of the all-weather anti-icing phase change thermal insulation composite coating with auxiliary heating is prepared by the following method: Step S1, preparing a thermal insulation silicone primer with a gradient porous structure: dissolving an organosilicon emulsion in an organic solvent, stirring to form a transparent solution, then adding water, stirring to form a milky white solution, adding an organosilicon curing agent, and stirring to obtain a porous organosilicon coating, which is applied to a metal substrate or a composite material surface, and cured to obtain a gradient porous thermal insulation silicone primer; Step S2, preparing a phase change composite filler: uniformly dispersing carbon material powder in ethanol by ultrasonication, adding an organic phase change material and uniformly dispersing the phase change material, and drying under vacuum conditions to obtain a carbon material / phase change material composite filler; Step S3, preparing an anti-icing functional layer, dispersing the carbon material / phase change material composite material obtained in step 2 in an organic solvent, adding an organosilicon emulsion and an organosilicon curing agent, and stirring to obtain a coating, which is sprayed on the surface of the cured thermal insulation organosilicon primer to obtain the anti-icing functional layer; Step S4, spraying a hydrophobic protective layer on the surface of the anti-deicing functional layer.

[0006] In terms of parts by mass, the ratio of the organosilicon emulsion: the organic solvent: the water in step S1 is 0.8-1: 0.8-1: 0.3-1.

[0007] The viscosity of the porous organosilicon coating in step S1 is 2000-5000 Pa·s.

[0008] In step S1, the ratio of the organosilicon emulsion to the organosilicon curing agent is 10:1 by mass, and the organosilicon emulsion includes any one of Dow Corning 184, Lingzhi organosilicon emulsion, and Wanhua organosilicon emulsion; and / or In step S3, the ratio of the organosilicon emulsion to the organosilicon curing agent in parts by mass is 10:1, and the organosilicon emulsion includes any one of Dow Corning 184, Lingzhi organosilicon emulsion, and Wanhua organosilicon emulsion.

[0009] In step S1, the organic solvent is selected from any one or a combination of alkanes with 6 to 12 carbon atoms, aromatic hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, and butyl acetate; and / or In step S3, the organic solvent is selected from any one or a combination of alkanes with 6 to 12 carbon atoms, aromatic hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, and butyl acetate.

[0010] In the step S2, the ratio of the carbon material powder: ethanol: organic phase change material is 0.8-1: 0.8-1: 0.3-1.2 by mass.

[0011] In step S2, the carbon material powder is selected from any one or a combination of graphene, porous graphite, and carbon nanotubes; the organic phase change material is selected from any one or a combination of n-tetradecane, n-hexadecane, n-octadecane, n-eicosane, polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 400-2000, and butyl stearate.

[0012] In the step S3, the ratio of the carbon material / phase change material composite material to the silicone emulsion is 0.3-1:3-10 in parts by mass.

[0013] The hydrophobic protective layer is obtained in step S4 by the following method: 5-10 parts by mass of silica nanoparticles are dispersed in an organic solvent, 5-10 parts of an organosilicon emulsion and 1 part of a matching curing agent are added, and the coating obtained after stirring and mixing is sprayed on the surface of the anti-icing functional layer to obtain a sprayed hydrophobic protective layer, which is then cured to obtain a composite coating.

[0014] An all-weather anti-icing phase-change thermal insulation composite coating with auxiliary heating function is obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention first prepares a thermal insulation silicone primer with a gradient porous structure on the surface of the substrate, and then sprays a silicone coating with a carbon material / phase change thermal insulation filler on the primer surface by a spraying method to obtain a phase change thermal insulation / photothermal / electrical heating functional layer, and finally sprays a superhydrophobic coating on the surface. The pores in the gradient porous thermal insulation silicone primer are concentrated in the upper half of the coating, which not only reduces the interface defects between the coating and the substrate, but also reduces the heat generated by the functional layer to the substrate through the concentrated distribution of pores, promotes the heat generated by the functional layer to be transferred to the surface layer, and improves the de-icing utilization rate of the heat. The carbon material in the phase change thermal insulation / photothermal / electrical heating functional layer has the characteristics of a multi-level network distribution in the resin, which improves the electric heating and photothermal efficiency. At the same time, the phase change process of the phase change material improves the delayed freezing time of the surface. The surface layer has superhydrophobic properties, and the synergistic effect between the composite functional coatings with a layered structure improves the photothermal and electric heating efficiency, and promotes the all-weather anti-icing performance of the anti-icing coating.

[0016] The phase-change thermal insulation composite coating prepared by the present invention can be used for anti-icing on the surface of large engineering components, such as wind turbine blades. It can effectively utilize light energy and electrical energy to promote surface ice melting and de-icing all day long, improve the de-icing efficiency of the de-icing process under the dominance of external force, reduce energy consumption, and achieve better anti-icing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is the SEM image of the gradient porous silicone thermal insulation primer of Example 1.

[0018] Figure 2 This is the SEM image of the carbon material / phase change material composite filler of Example 1.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional SEM image of the hydrophobic protective layer of Example 1.

[0020] Figure 4 This is an SEM image of the hydrophobic protective layer of Example 1.

[0021] Figure 5 is the surface contact angle of Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used in limiting the scope of the present invention.In addition, should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms fall within the scope limited by the application equally.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, the instruments, reagents, and materials used in the following examples are all conventional instruments, reagents, and materials available in the prior art and can be obtained through regular commercial channels. The experimental methods and detection methods used in the following examples are all conventional experimental methods and detection methods available in the prior art, unless otherwise specified. Example 1

[0024] Step S1, a thermal insulation silicone primer with a gradient porous structure is prepared by a non-solvent induced phase separation method. Take 40 parts of silicone emulsion Dow Corning 184, dissolve it in 40 parts of tetrahydrofuran, and mechanically stir it at a speed of 1000 rpm for 3 hours until a transparent solution is formed. Add 40 parts of water to the solution, and mechanically stir it at a speed of 2500 rpm for 2 hours until a uniform and stable milky white solution is formed. Add 4 parts of Dow Corning 184, and continue to mechanically stir at a speed of 2500 rpm for 0.5 hours to obtain a porous silicone coating with a viscosity of about 4500 Pa·s. Apply it on the surface of a metal substrate or a composite substrate, and cure it at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a thermal insulation silicone primer with a gradient porous structure with a thickness of 2 mm.

[0025] Step S2, photothermal / electrical heating / phase change composite filler is prepared by vacuum adsorption method. Take 40 parts of porous graphite powder with both photothermal and electric heating properties and disperse them in 30 parts of ethanol. Subsequently, the mixture is not ultrasonicated for 2h to ensure that the porous graphite powder is evenly dispersed. After the ultrasound is completed, 35 parts of n-tetradecane are added and mechanically stirred for 3h at a speed of 1000rpm to uniformly disperse the phase change material in the carbon material. After stirring is completed, n-tetradecane is promoted to be fully adsorbed in the porous structure of the carbon material by vacuum adsorption, and the above solution is dried under vacuum conditions for 24h to obtain a porous graphite / n-tetradecane phase change composite filler.

[0026] In step S3, an anti-icing functional layer with photothermal and electrothermal properties, as well as phase-change thermal insulation properties, is prepared by spraying. Ten parts of a porous graphite / n-tetradecane phase-change composite filler are dispersed in 30 parts of a solvent. Then, 40 parts of Dow Corning 184 and 4 parts of Dow Corning 184 are added. Mechanical stirring is performed at 1000 rpm for one hour to obtain a coating with a viscosity of approximately 2000 Pa·s. This coating is then sprayed onto the surface of the cured thermal insulation silicone primer.

[0027] In step S4, 10 parts of silica nanoparticles are dispersed in 20 parts of ethyl acetate, 10 parts of Dow Corning 184 silicone emulsion and 1 part of Dow Corning 184 are added, and the mixture is stirred at 1000 rpm for 1 hour to obtain a coating with a viscosity of about 2000 Pa·s. A hydrophobic protective layer is sprayed on the surface of the coating by a spraying method, and the coating is cured to obtain an all-weather anti-icing and de-icing phase change composite coating with both electric heating and light heating. Example 2

[0028] Step S1, a thermal insulation silicone primer with a gradient porous structure is prepared by a non-solvent induced phase separation method. Take 40 parts of Lexus silicone emulsion, dissolve it in 40 parts of ethyl acetate, and mechanically stir it at a speed of 500 rpm for 1 hour until a transparent solution is formed. Add 35 parts of water to the solution and mechanically stir it at a speed of 2500 rpm for 3 hours until a uniform and stable milky white solution is formed. Add 4 parts of Lexus silicone emulsion and continue to mechanically stir it at a speed of 2500 rpm for 0.5 hours to obtain a porous silicone coating with a viscosity of about 5000 Pa·s. Apply it on the surface of a metal substrate or a composite substrate and cure it at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a thermal insulation silicone primer with a gradient porous structure with a thickness of 3 mm.

[0029] Step S2, a photothermal / electrical heating / phase change composite filler is prepared by vacuum adsorption method. Take 40 parts of carbon nanotube powder with both photothermal and electric heating properties and disperse them in 40 parts of ethanol. Subsequently, the mixture is not ultrasonicated for 1 hour to ensure that the carbon nanotubes are evenly dispersed. After the ultrasound is completed, 40 parts of polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 400 are added and mechanically stirred at a speed of 1000 rpm for 3 hours to uniformly disperse the polyethylene glycol in the carbon nanotubes. After the stirring is completed, the polyethylene glycol is fully adsorbed in the pore structure of the carbon nanotubes by vacuum adsorption, and the above solution is dried under vacuum conditions for 24 hours to obtain a carbon nanotube / polyethylene glycol composite filler.

[0030] Step S3: Prepare an anti-icing functional layer with photothermal and electrothermal properties, as well as phase-change thermal insulation properties, using a spray coating method. Disperse 10 parts of the carbon nanotube / polyethylene glycol composite in 30 parts of a solvent. Add 30 parts of a Lexus silicone emulsion and 3 parts of a Lexus silicone emulsion. Mechanically stir at 500 rpm for 2 hours to obtain a coating with a viscosity of 3000 Pa·s. This coating is then sprayed onto the cured thermal insulation silicone primer.

[0031] Step S4: 10 parts of silica nanoparticles are dispersed in 20 parts of ethyl acetate, 10 parts of Lexus silicone emulsion and 1 part of Lexus silicone emulsion are added, and the mixture is stirred at 1000 rpm for 1 hour to obtain a coating with a viscosity of approximately 1800 Pa·s. A hydrophobic protective layer is sprayed on the surface of the coating by a spraying method, and the mixture is cured to obtain an all-weather anti-icing and de-icing phase change composite coating with both electric heating and light heating. Example 3

[0032] Step S1, a thermal insulation silicone primer with a gradient porous structure is prepared by a non-solvent induced phase separation method. Take 40 parts of Wanhua silicone emulsion, dissolve it in 40 parts of butyl acetate solvent, and mechanically stir it at a speed of 6000 rpm for 1 hour until a transparent solution is formed. Add 35 parts of water to the solution and mechanically stir it at a speed of 2500 rpm for 5 hours until a uniform and stable milky white solution is formed. Add 4 parts of Wanhua silicone emulsion and continue to mechanically stir it at a speed of 2500 rpm for 0.5 hours to obtain a porous silicone coating with a viscosity of about 4000 Pa·s. Apply it on the surface of a metal substrate or a composite substrate and cure it at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a thermal insulation silicone primer with a gradient porous structure with a thickness of 3 mm.

[0033] Step S2, a photothermal / electrical heating / phase change composite filler is prepared by vacuum adsorption method. Take 40 parts of porous graphite powder with both photothermal and electric heating properties and disperse them in 40 parts of ethanol. Subsequently, the mixture is not ultrasonicated for 2h to ensure that the carbon material is evenly dispersed. After the ultrasound is completed, 40 parts of n-eicosane phase change material are added and mechanically stirred for 3h at a speed of 1000rpm to uniformly disperse the n-eicosane phase change material in the porous graphite. After stirring is completed, the phase change material is promoted to be fully adsorbed in the porous structure of the porous graphite by vacuum adsorption, and the above solution is dried under vacuum conditions for 24h to obtain a porous graphite / n-eicosane phase change material composite filler.

[0034] In step S3, an anti-icing layer with photothermal and electrothermal properties, as well as phase-change thermal insulation properties, is prepared by spraying. Ten parts of the carbon material / phase-change material composite are dispersed in 30 parts of solvent. Then, 40 parts of Wanhua organic silicone emulsion and 4 parts of Wanhua organic silicone emulsion are added. The mixture is mechanically stirred at 1000 rpm for 2 hours to obtain a coating with a viscosity of 2500 Pa·s. This coating is then sprayed onto the cured thermal insulation silicone primer.

[0035] In step S4, 10 parts of silica nanoparticles were dispersed in 20 parts of ethyl acetate, 10 parts of Wanhua organosilicon emulsion and 1 part of Wanhua organosilicon emulsion were added, and the mixture was stirred at 1000 rpm for 1 hour to obtain a coating with a viscosity of approximately 1800 Pa·s. A hydrophobic protective layer was sprayed on the surface of the above coating by a spraying method, and the mixture was cured to obtain an all-weather anti-icing and de-icing phase change composite coating with both electric heating and light heating.

[0036] Comparative Example 1 Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 1 reduces the preparation of thermal insulation silicone primer with gradient porous structure. The specific implementation steps are as follows: Step S1, a photothermal / electrical heating / phase change composite filler is prepared by vacuum adsorption method. Take 40 parts of porous graphite powder with both photothermal and electric heating properties and disperse them in 30 parts of ethanol. Subsequently, the mixture is not ultrasonicated for 2h to ensure that the porous graphite powder is evenly dispersed. After the ultrasound is completed, 35 parts of n-tetradecane are added and mechanically stirred at a speed of 1000rpm for 3h to uniformly disperse the phase change material in the carbon material. After stirring is completed, the vacuum adsorption effect is used to promote the full adsorption of n-tetradecane in the porous structure of the carbon material, and the above solution is dried under vacuum conditions for 24h to obtain a porous graphite / n-tetradecane phase change composite filler.

[0037] Step S2: Spraying an anti-icing layer with photothermal and electrothermal properties, as well as phase-change thermal insulation properties, is performed. Ten parts of a porous graphite / n-tetradecane phase-change composite filler are dispersed in 30 parts of a solvent. 40 parts of Dow Corning 184 and 4 parts of Dow Corning 184 are added. Mechanical stirring is performed at 1000 rpm for 1 hour to obtain a coating with a viscosity of approximately 2000 Pa·s. This coating is then sprayed onto the surface of the cured thermal insulation silicone primer.

[0038] In step S3, 10 parts of silica nanoparticles are dispersed in 20 parts of ethyl acetate, 10 parts of Dow Corning 184 silicone emulsion and 1 part of Dow Corning 184 are added, and the mixture is stirred at 1000 rpm for 1 hour to obtain a coating with a viscosity of approximately 2000 Pa·s. A hydrophobic protective layer is sprayed on the surface of the coating by a spraying method, and the mixture is cured to obtain an all-weather anti-icing and de-icing phase change composite coating with both electric heating and light heating.

[0039] Comparative Example 2 Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 2 reduces the phase change material in the middle functional layer. The specific implementation steps are as follows: Step S1, a thermal insulation silicone primer with a gradient porous structure is prepared by a non-solvent induced phase separation method. Take 40 parts of Dow Corning 184 silicone emulsion, dissolve it in 40 parts of tetrahydrofuran, and mechanically stir it at a speed of 1000 rpm for 3 hours until a transparent solution is formed. Add 40 parts of water to the solution and mechanically stir it at a speed of 2500 rpm for 2 hours until a uniform and stable milky white solution is formed. Add 4 parts of Dow Corning 184 silicone emulsion and continue to mechanically stir it at a speed of 2500 rpm for 0.5 hours to obtain a porous silicone coating with a viscosity of about 4500 Pa·s. Apply it on the surface of a metal substrate or a composite substrate and cure it at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a thermal insulation silicone primer with a gradient porous structure with a thickness of 2 mm.

[0040] Step S2: Prepare an anti-icing functional layer with photothermal and electrothermal properties using a spray coating method. Ten parts of porous graphite material are dispersed in 30 parts of solvent. 40 parts of Dow Corning 184 silicone emulsion and 4 parts of Dow Corning 184 silicone emulsion are added. Mechanical stirring is performed at 1000 rpm for 1 hour to obtain a coating with a viscosity of approximately 2000 Pa·s. This coating is then sprayed onto the surface of the cured thermal insulation silicone primer.

[0041] Step S3: 10 parts of silica nanoparticles are dispersed in 20 parts of ethyl acetate, 10 parts of Dow Corning 184 silicone emulsion and 1 part of Dow Corning 184 silicone emulsion are added, and the mixture is stirred at 1000 rpm for 1 hour to obtain a coating with a viscosity of approximately 2000 Pa·s. A hydrophobic protective layer is sprayed on the surface of the coating by a spraying method, and the mixture is cured to obtain an all-weather anti-icing and de-icing phase change thermal insulation composite coating with both electric heating and light heating.

[0042] The composite coatings prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were tested, and the results were as follows: Performance testing: (1) Morphology test: Scanning electron microscopy was used to test the coating structure.

[0043] (2) Hydrophobicity: The contact angle of the coating surface was measured using a static contact angle meter.

[0044] (3) Photothermal performance: Under simulated sunlight, the surface temperature changes of the composite coating were recorded using a thermocouple.

[0045] (4) Electrothermal performance: A voltage of 3 V was applied to the functional layer of the composite coating, and the surface temperature change of the composite coating was recorded using a thermocouple.

[0046] (5) Delayed freezing performance: In the absence of light and electric heating, place the coating on a -15°C cold table surface, add 10uL of water to the coating surface, and use a thermocouple to record the temperature change of the water droplet. The delayed freezing time is recorded from the time when the droplet temperature reaches 10°C to the time when the droplet is completely frozen.

[0047] In the drawings of the specification, Figure 1 The morphology of a thermally insulating silicone primer with a gradient porous structure is shown. The pores within the coating are distributed in a gradient pattern, concentrated in the upper half. This not only reduces interface defects between the coating and the substrate but also reduces heat loss from the functional layer to the substrate, improving the optical and electrical thermal properties of the composite coating.

[0048] Figure 2 The morphology of the porous graphite / n-tetradecane composite is shown. The porous graphite has a typical multilayered structure, forming abundant pores, providing a large specific surface area, and promoting the fixation of n-tetradecane inside the pores through capillary action.

[0049] Figure 3 The cross-sectional structure of the surface hydrophobic layer is shown. Figure 4 The surface structure of the hydrophobic layer is shown. The rough surface structure promotes the formation of Cassie-Baxter wetting and increases the surface contact angle. Figure 5 The surface contact angle of the coating of Example 1 is shown to be approximately 156.3°, indicating superhydrophobic properties. The surface contact angles of the composite coatings in all embodiments and comparative examples are substantially the same, satisfying the superhydrophobic state.

[0050] By comparing the photothermal temperature and electrothermal temperature of Examples 1-3, it can be found that the photothermal performance and electrothermal performance of carbon nanotubes are slightly higher than those of porous graphite.

[0051] By comparing the photothermal temperature and electric heating temperature of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, it can be found that the thermal insulation silicone primer with a gradient porous structure can increase the photothermal and electric heating temperatures of the composite coating. This is because the porous thermal insulation layer reduces the heat loss from the metal or composite material substrate and increases the surface temperature.

[0052] By comparing the photothermal and electrothermal temperatures of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, it can be found that the phase change composite filler has little effect on the photothermal and electrothermal performance.

[0053] Comparing the delayed freezing time of all the examples and comparative examples reveals that both the thermally insulating silicone primer and the phase-change composite filler with a gradient porous structure can increase the surface's delayed freezing time. On the one hand, the thermally insulating silicone primer with a gradient porous structure reduces the heat transfer rate between the substrate and the coating, delaying freezing time; on the other hand, the phase-change composite filler releases latent heat of phase change near the phase transition temperature, further delaying freezing time. In summary, the thermal insulation layer reduces freezing heat transfer, delays freezing time, and simultaneously reduces heat loss from photothermal and electric heating to the metal substrate, improving heat utilization efficiency and enhancing the coating's passive deicing capability. The functional layer possesses both photothermal and electric heating properties, giving the coating active deicing capabilities. The surface layer possesses hydrophobic properties, enhancing the coating's passive deicing capabilities.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an all-weather anti-icing and de-icing phase-change thermal insulation composite coating with auxiliary heating, characterized in that: It is prepared by the following method: Step S1, preparing a thermal insulation silicone primer with a gradient porous structure: dissolving an organosilicon emulsion in an organic solvent, stirring to form a transparent solution, then adding water, stirring to form a milky white solution, adding an organosilicon curing agent, and stirring to obtain a porous organosilicon coating, which is applied to a metal substrate or a composite material surface, and cured to obtain a gradient porous thermal insulation silicone primer; Step S2, preparing a phase change composite filler: uniformly dispersing carbon material powder in ethanol by ultrasonication, adding an organic phase change material and uniformly dispersing the phase change material, and drying under vacuum conditions to obtain a carbon material / phase change material composite filler; Step S3, preparing an anti-icing functional layer, dispersing the carbon material / phase change material composite material obtained in step 2 in an organic solvent, adding an organosilicon emulsion and an organosilicon curing agent, and stirring to obtain a coating, which is sprayed on the surface of the cured thermal insulation organosilicon primer to obtain the anti-icing functional layer; Step S4, spraying a hydrophobic protective layer on the surface of the anti-deicing functional layer.

2. The method for preparing the all-weather anti-icing and deicing phase-change thermal insulation composite coating with auxiliary heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In terms of parts by mass, the ratio of the organosilicon emulsion: the organic solvent: the water in step S1 is 0.8-1: 0.8-1: 0.3-1.

3. The method for preparing the all-weather anti-icing and deicing phase-change thermal insulation composite coating with auxiliary heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The viscosity of the porous organosilicon coating in step S1 is 2000-5000 Pa·s.

4. The method for preparing the all-weather anti-icing and deicing phase-change thermal insulation composite coating with auxiliary heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the ratio of the organosilicon emulsion to the organosilicon curing agent is 10:1 by mass, and the organosilicon emulsion includes any one of Dow Corning 184, Lingzhi organosilicon emulsion, and Wanhua organosilicon emulsion; and / or In step S3, the ratio of the organosilicon emulsion to the organosilicon curing agent in parts by mass is 10:1, and the organosilicon emulsion includes any one of Dow Corning 184, Lingzhi organosilicon emulsion, and Wanhua organosilicon emulsion.

5. The method for preparing the all-weather anti-icing and deicing phase-change thermal insulation composite coating with auxiliary heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the organic solvent is selected from any one or a combination of alkanes with 6 to 12 carbon atoms, aromatic hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, and butyl acetate; and / or In step S3, the organic solvent is selected from any one or a combination of alkanes with 6 to 12 carbon atoms, aromatic hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, and butyl acetate.

6. The method for preparing the all-weather anti-icing phase change thermal insulation composite coating with auxiliary heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, the ratio of the carbon material powder: ethanol: organic phase change material is 0.8-1: 0.8-1: 0.3-1.2 by mass.

7. The method for preparing the all-weather anti-icing phase change thermal insulation composite coating with auxiliary heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the carbon material powder is selected from any one or a combination of graphene, porous graphite, and carbon nanotubes; the organic phase change material is selected from any one or a combination of n-tetradecane, n-hexadecane, n-octadecane, n-eicosane, polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 400-2000, and butyl stearate.

8. The method for preparing the all-weather anti-icing phase change thermal insulation composite coating with auxiliary heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3, the ratio of the carbon material / phase change material composite material to the silicone emulsion is 0.3-1:3-10 in parts by mass.

9. The method for preparing the all-weather anti-icing and deicing phase-change thermal insulation composite coating with auxiliary heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrophobic protective layer is obtained in step S4 by the following method: 5-10 parts by mass of silica nanoparticles are dispersed in an organic solvent, 5-10 parts of an organosilicon emulsion and 1 part of a matching curing agent are added, and the coating obtained after stirring and mixing is sprayed on the surface of the anti-icing functional layer to obtain a sprayed hydrophobic protective layer, which is then cured to obtain a composite coating.

10. All-weather anti-icing phase change thermal insulation composite coating with auxiliary heating, characterized by: The composite coating is prepared by the method for preparing the all-weather anti-icing phase change thermal insulation composite coating with auxiliary heating function as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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