Deeply-buried high-ground-stress tunnel smooth blasting construction device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a deep-buried high-ground-stress tunnel smooth blasting construction device and method, and relates to the technical field of tunnel blasting, the deep-buried high-ground-stress tunnel smooth blasting construction device comprises a rack, a driving part and a moving assembly are installed on the rack, a slag discharging assembly and a drill bit are installed at the output end of the driving part, and the drill bit is used for breaking rocks to form blast holes; the deslagging assembly comprises a plurality of spiral transmission assemblies, each spiral transmission assembly is provided with two sets of push plates, the spiral transmission assemblies are used for driving the two sets of push plates to synchronously move in the opposite directions, a plurality of openings are formed in the portions, close to the drill bits, of the push plates, and baffles are hinged to the side walls of the openings in a one-way mode; a torsional spring is arranged at the hinged position of the side wall of the opening and the baffle in a sleeving mode, the push plate is used for collecting rock chippings in the blast hole, and the driving piece is used for driving the drill bit and the spiral transmission assembly to rotate in the two directions. The construction cost of an existing deslagging scheme is reduced, and meanwhile the influence on constructors and the environment is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel blasting, and in particular to a device and method for smooth blasting construction of a deep-buried high-in-situ stress tunnel. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel construction is a vital component of modern transportation networks and underground space development. The quality and efficiency of tunnel construction directly impacts both the economic and social benefits of the project. In hard rock tunnel construction, drilling and blasting remains the primary excavation method due to its adaptability and relatively low cost. However, traditional blasting construction has long faced technical challenges such as insufficient overexcavation control accuracy and significant blasting vibration hazards. These challenges are particularly acute in complex geological conditions and multi-face construction scenarios.

[0003] Currently, tunnel blasting design primarily relies on engineers' experience or simplified theoretical formulas, lacking a scientific and systematic design approach. Empirical designs are often based on a limited number of engineering case studies and are difficult to adapt to the ever-changing geological environment. In deep, long tunnel projects like the Tianshan Shengli Tunnel, surrounding rock conditions vary significantly along the tunnel's longitudinal direction. Traditional methods struggle to adjust blasting parameters in a timely manner, resulting in wide fluctuations in overexcavation (typically between 15 and 30 cm). This not only increases the amount of concrete backfill (costing thousands of yuan per linear meter of overexcavation), but also severely impacts the quality of initial support construction. More seriously, excessive overexcavation can alter the stress distribution of the surrounding rock, potentially leading to localized landslides and other safety incidents. Existing overexcavation prediction methods often rely on statistical regression models, which fail to fully account for the nonlinear coupling between blasting parameters. Consequently, prediction accuracy is limited (errors typically exceed 20%), failing to meet the requirements of refined construction.

[0004] At the same time, as tunnel construction continues to grow in length, size, and depth, simultaneous excavation of multiple working faces has become an inevitable choice for improving construction efficiency. However, this construction organization method presents new technical challenges: the vibration waves generated by blasting at each working face overlap, creating complex dynamic effects on adjacent excavated sections and ongoing tunnel faces. Traditional blasting vibration control relies primarily on the Sadovsky empirical formula, which considers only a few factors, such as blasting distance and charge, while ignoring key factors such as the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock, geological structure, and the superposition of multiple vibration sources. This results in significant deviations between vibration predictions and actual conditions (errors can reach 30-50%). This inaccurate prediction forces engineers to use conservative safety thresholds, which can lead to costly over-protection measures and, in rare cases, underestimate the potential damage from vibration, compromising construction safety.

[0005] At the same time, during the tunnel blasting process, after the blasting plan is formed, slag removal is a crucial link in the process of forming blastholes for loading explosives. The rock slag remaining in the hole may form an isolation layer or block the blasthole during subsequent loading, hindering the smooth loading of explosives into the designed position or affecting its coupling effect with the hole wall, resulting in uneven and discontinuous charging density or "jamming" phenomenon, which will seriously affect the uniformity of blasting energy transfer and the blasting effect, and may eventually cause adverse consequences such as uneven tunnel contour surface after blasting, serious over-excavation and under-excavation, and aggravated surrounding rock damage, threatening construction safety and quality.

[0006] Currently, the most commonly used slag removal methods are compressed air blowing (dry slag removal) and high-pressure water flushing (wet slag removal). However, both of these mainstream methods have significant drawbacks. Although compressed air blowing is relatively simple, the high-speed airflow carrying rock chips out of the orifice generates a large amount of dust, which deteriorates the working environment, poses a serious threat to worker health (such as the risk of silicosis), and pollutes the air in the tunnel. High-pressure water flushing is superior to dry slag removal in terms of slag removal efficiency and dust suppression, but it consumes a lot of water. In water-scarce areas or during deep tunnel construction, water resources are difficult and costly to supply. The resulting muddy rock slag wastewater requires specialized collection, sedimentation, and treatment systems, increasing the complexity and cost of equipment investment, site occupation, and environmental treatment. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention aims to provide a smooth blasting construction method for a deep-buried high-in-situ stress tunnel to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0008] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A method for smooth blasting construction of a deep-buried high-stress tunnel includes a frame, a driving member and a moving assembly are installed on the frame, a slag discharge assembly and a drill bit are installed at the output end of the driving member, the moving assembly is used to adjust the position of the drill bit, the drill bit is used to crush rock to form a blasthole, the slag discharge assembly includes several spiral transmission assemblies, each of the spiral transmission assemblies is provided with two groups of push plates, the spiral transmission assembly is used to drive the two groups of push plates to move synchronously in opposite directions, several openings are opened on the push plates close to the drill bit, and the side walls of the openings are unidirectionally hinged with baffles, and the hinges between the side walls of the openings and the baffles are sleeved with torsion springs, the push plates are used to collect rock debris in the blasthole, and the driving member is used to drive the drill bit and the spiral transmission assembly to rotate in both directions.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: In this solution, the design of the slag discharge component and the use of a push plate can isolate rock fragments from the drill bit during the drilling process, reducing the impact of crushed stone on the drill bit operation. Compared with existing slag discharge solutions, this solution produces less dust during implementation and has less impact on construction personnel and on-site equipment. In addition, compared with wet slag discharge solutions, this solution does not require the design of facilities such as sedimentation tanks, and has lower construction costs.

[0010] Furthermore, the spiral transmission components all include a screw rod, on which two sets of nuts are detachably connected via threads, and the thread directions of the two sets of nuts are opposite, and the nuts are rotatably connected to adjacent push plates.

[0011] Beneficial effect: In this scheme, a screw is selected as the spiral transmission component. Compared with the scheme of using a screw for transmission in traditional technology, this scheme has a lower cost. In addition, since a large amount of dust will be generated inside the blasthole during the construction process, the dust can easily affect the function of the spiral transmission component. The use of a screw for transmission can meet the transmission requirements of this scheme while reducing the cost of maintenance and replacement of the device during use.

[0012] Furthermore, a clutch assembly is provided on the screw rod, and the clutch assembly is used to change the torque transmitted from the driving member to the nut.

[0013] Beneficial effects: The design of the clutch assembly in this solution enables the operator to adjust the movement of the push plate during the construction process by adjusting the opening and closing of the clutch assembly. Compared with the existing technology, this solution has higher applicability.

[0014] Furthermore, a baffle ring is provided on one side wall of the push plate close to the drill bit, and the baffle and the side wall of the opening are both provided with electromagnets, and the electromagnets are used to prevent the baffle from rotating.

[0015] Beneficial effect: Through the design of the retaining ring and the electromagnet, this solution still has a certain ability to prevent rock fragments from affecting the health of construction workers in the early stage of drilling.

[0016] Furthermore, the screw drive is equipped with a differential drive assembly, and the differential drive assembly is used to adjust the speed difference between the screw and the driving member.

[0017] Beneficial effect: Since the drill bit usually rotates at a faster speed during operation, this solution uses the design of a differential sensor to reduce the rotation speed of the screw. Compared with the existing technology, this solution can effectively reduce the damage that may be caused by high-speed rotation of the screw and increase the life of the screw.

[0018] Furthermore, a chamber is opened in the push plate near the drill bit, a plurality of cooling holes are opened on a side wall of the chamber near the drill bit, and the chamber is connected to a cooling component, and a solenoid valve is provided at the connection between the chamber and the cooling component, a cooling fluid is provided in the cooling component, and the cooling component is used to transport the cooling fluid to the drill bit through the chamber.

[0019] Beneficial effect: This solution uses the design of a cooling component to pump cooling fluid to the drill bit during operation to reduce the temperature of the drill bit during operation. Compared with the existing technology, the cooling fluid in this solution can act on different positions of the drill bit and drill rod as the chamber moves, so that the cooling fluid can evenly cool the drill bit and drill rod, avoiding damage to the drill bit caused by uneven cooling.

[0020] Furthermore, the cooling fluid is cooling water.

[0021] Beneficial effects: In this solution, cooling water is selected as the cooling fluid. Compared with the solution using high-pressure air for cooling, this solution generates less dust. Compared with the solution using mud, etc., this solution has less impact on the operation of the screw transmission component.

[0022] Furthermore, a one-way valve is provided at the connection point between the chamber and the water storage assembly and on the side wall of the cooling hole, and an elastic member is provided on the push plate near the drill bit, and the elastic member is used to change the volume of the chamber.

[0023] Beneficial effect: In this solution, through the design of the elastic member, the impact of rock fragments on the elastic member during the pushing process can change the flow rate of the cooling fluid pumped out of the hole to a certain extent to adapt to different application scenarios.

[0024] Furthermore, the mobile assembly includes a crawler chassis and a slide, a diesel engine is installed on the crawler chassis, the diesel engine is fixedly connected to the frame, an oil cylinder is provided on the slide, the oil cylinder is fixedly connected to the frame, and an output end of the oil cylinder is fixedly connected to the slide.

[0025] Beneficial effects: Compared with existing technologies, the crawler chassis and diesel engine used in this solution can fully adapt to the complex terrain conditions inside the tunnel, reduce the risk of slipping or getting stuck during the movement of the device, and eliminate the need for long-distance cable laying projects, thereby reducing the initial investment in the project.

[0026] Furthermore, the driving component is a hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic motor is used to drive the drill bit and the spiral transmission assembly to rotate in both directions.

[0027] Beneficial Effects: Compared to existing technologies, this solution utilizes a hydraulic motor to drive the drill bit and screw drive assembly. Leveraging the hydraulic motor's ability to deliver extremely high torque output while maintaining a small footprint and weight, this device is adaptable to narrow tunnel environments. Furthermore, the hydraulic motor's low-speed, high-torque characteristics (maintaining stable torque even at extremely low speeds) perfectly match the high resistance required by the drill bit when breaking through hard rock, further reducing the risk of sticking or stalling.

[0028] Furthermore, a deep-buried high-in-situ stress tunnel smooth blasting construction method is provided based on the above-mentioned deep-buried high-in-situ stress tunnel smooth blasting construction device. S1: historical tunnel parameters are obtained, a correlation between the historical parameters and tunnel overexcavation is established using a neural network algorithm, and an overexcavation prediction model is constructed based on the correlation; S2: Obtain tunnel parameters and blasting plan of the construction tunnel, use the overbreak prediction model to predict the overbreak of the construction tunnel, obtain the predicted overbreak, and adjust the blasting plan according to the predicted overbreak; S3: The tunnel face is laid out according to the blasting plan, and the driving member is controlled to operate. The drill bit is used to drill holes at the laid-out positions to form blastholes. Then, explosives are filled into the blastholes according to the blasting plan. After the explosives are installed, they are detonated to complete the blasting of the tunnel.

[0029] Beneficial effects: The present invention uses an over-excavation prediction model to predict possible over-excavation during the blasting process before blasting, thereby adjusting the blasting plan and realizing intelligent design of blasting plans under different geological conditions. Compared with the existing technology, this plan has stronger adaptability and stronger generalization ability. The acquired data can be quickly migrated and applied to new projects with different geological conditions through the establishment of a model.

[0030] Furthermore, the tunnel parameters include the number of delays, blasthole length, blasthole resistance line, blasthole spacing, explosive consumption per unit and surrounding rock grade.

[0031] Beneficial effects: This solution can help users achieve a more refined balance between quality and cost through the setting of various tunnel parameters and the synergistic effect between various parameters.

[0032] Furthermore, in S1, the tunnel parameters also include blasting distance and blasting charge, and the correlation between blasting distance, surrounding rock grade and blasting charge and tunnel face vibration velocity is obtained, and a vibration prediction model is constructed based on the correlation. In S2, after obtaining the tunnel parameters and blasting plan of the construction tunnel, vibration prediction is performed according to the vibration prediction model, and the blasting plan is adjusted according to the vibration prediction model.

[0033] Beneficial effects: the scheme obtains a vibration prediction model, and predicts possible vibration at each position in the blasting process by using the vibration prediction model, so that the user can judge the safety of synchronous construction and take corresponding measures to reduce vibration superposition and damage to the primary support and secondary lining when multiple working faces are constructed.

[0034] Further, in S3, after detonating a group of explosives, the overbreak is measured and recorded, and the overbreak prediction model is corrected according to the tunnel parameters, the overbreak, and the implemented blasting scheme.

[0035] Beneficial effects: the scheme updates the overbreak prediction model in real time by combining the monitoring data obtained during construction, so that the overbreak model can better fit the actual construction environment, thereby improving the accuracy of the predicted overbreak output subsequently.

[0036] Further, in S3, after detonating a group of explosives, the vibration data of the tunnel is recorded, and the vibration prediction model is corrected by using the vibration data, the tunnel parameters, and the implemented blasting scheme.

[0037] Beneficial effects: in the scheme, the vibration data of each position in the tunnel during blasting is obtained, and the blasting prediction model is corrected and adjusted to improve the accuracy of the data output by the prediction model during subsequent construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] The drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the embodiments of the present application, constitute a part of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present application. In the drawings: Figure 1 is a front view of the drill bit part of the drilling device in the present application; Figure 2 is a top view of the drill bit part of the drilling device in the present application; Figure 3 is a front view of the drill bit part of the drilling device in the present application; Figure 2 is a sectional view in the A-A direction; Figure 4 is a sectional view in the B-B direction Figure 2 Figure 5 is a flowchart of the present application.

[0039] The symbols represented by the reference signs are: 1, drill rod; 2, differential transmission assembly; 21, first gear; 22, second gear; 23, planetary gear; 231, sun gear; 232, planet carrier; 233, planet wheel; 234, internal gear; 3, clutch assembly; 4, slag removal assembly; 41, screw; 411, nut; 42, push plate; 421, retaining ring; 422, baffle; 423, cooling hole; 424, elastic member; 5, drill bit.​ DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples and accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should be noted that the present invention is already in the actual development and use stage.

[0041] Example 1 As attached Figure 1 To the attached Figure 4As shown, a deep-buried high-stress tunnel smooth blasting construction device includes a frame, a driving member and a moving assembly (not shown in the figure) are installed on the frame, the driving member in this solution is a hydraulic motor, the moving assembly includes a crawler chassis and a slide, a diesel engine is installed on the crawler chassis, the diesel engine and the frame are fixedly connected by bolts, an oil cylinder is provided on the slide, the oil cylinder and the frame are fixedly connected by bolts, the output end of the oil cylinder and the slide are fixedly connected by bolts, a slag discharge assembly 4 and a drill bit 5 are installed on the output end of the driving member, the drill bit 5 is used to crush rocks to form blastholes, the slag discharge assembly 4 and the drill bit 5 are both arranged on the slide, The slag discharge assembly 4 includes several spiral transmission assemblies, each of which is provided with two sets of push plates 42, and the spiral transmission assembly is used to drive the two sets of push plates 42 to move synchronously in opposite directions. The spiral transmission assembly includes several screws 41, and the screws 41 are detachably connected to two sets of nuts 411 through threads. In this embodiment, an elastic locking ring is provided in the nut 411, and a groove is provided at the thread end of the screw 41. The elastic locking ring is used to lock the nut 411 when the nut 411 moves to the groove at the thread end to prevent the nut 411 from falling off from the screw 41, and the thread squares of the two sets of nuts 411 are detachably connected to the screw 41. In the opposite direction, the nuts 411 are rotatably connected to the adjacent push plates 42. A number of openings are opened on the push plates 42 near the drill bit 5, and the side walls of the openings are hinged with baffles 422 in one direction, and a torsion spring is sleeved at the hinge between the side walls of the openings and the baffles 422. One end of the torsion spring is welded and fixed to the baffle 422, and the other end of the torsion spring is welded and fixed to the side wall of the opening. The push plates 42 are used to collect rock debris in the blasthole, and the driving member is used to drive the drill bit 5 and the screw 41 to rotate. The driving member includes a hydraulic motor, and the output end of the hydraulic motor is coaxially fixedly connected to the drill rod 1 through a spline. The rod 1 is coaxially welded and fixed to the drill bit 5, and the screw 41 is driven and installed with a differential transmission assembly 2. The differential transmission assembly 2 is used to adjust the speed difference between the screw 41 and the driving member. The differential transmission structure includes a first gear 21, which is coaxially fixed to the drill rod 1, and the first gear 21 is engaged with a second gear 22. A planetary gear 23 is provided on the side of the second gear 22, and the second gear 22 is coaxially welded and fixed to the sun gear 231 of the planetary gear 23. The planetary carrier 232 of the planetary gear 23 is coaxially welded and fixed to the screw 41, and the internal gear 234 of the planetary gear 23 is welded and fixed to the frame.

[0042] A clutch assembly 3 is provided on the screw 41. In this embodiment, the clutch assembly 3 is a friction clutch. The clutch assembly 3 is coaxially welded and fixed to the screw 41. The clutch assembly 3 is used to change the torque transmitted from the driving member to the nut 411. A baffle ring 421 is provided on one side wall of the push plate 42 close to the drill bit 5. The baffle 422 and the side wall of the opening are embedded with an electromagnet, which is used to prevent the baffle 422 from rotating.

[0043] The specific implementation method is as follows: When using this solution for drilling, the size of the drill bit 5 and the push plate 42 away from the drill bit 5 are adjusted according to the size of the drill hole, so that the outer side wall of the push plate 42 can contact the side wall of the subsequently formed blast hole. After the line is laid out, the hydraulic rod drives the arm to move, thereby driving the drill bit 5 to the drilling position, and making the drill rod 1 parallel to the angle required for drilling. Then the hydraulic motor is started, and the hydraulic motor drives the drill rod 1 to rotate, and the drill rod 1 drives the drill bit 5 to work, breaking the rock and gradually forming a blast hole.

[0044] In the initial stage of blasthole formation, since the push plate 42 has not yet completely entered the blasthole, the operator turns on the electromagnet to prevent the baffle 422 from rotating to close the opening.

[0045] At the same time, as the hydraulic motor drives the drill rod 1 to rotate, the drill rod 1 transmits torque to the screw 41 through the first gear 21 and the second gear 22. The screw 41 rotates, and as the screw 41 rotates, the two sets of nuts 411 move in opposite directions. The nut 411 on the side close to the drill bit 5 drives the push plate 42 to move in the direction of the drill bit 5. At this time, the operator continues to observe the positional relationship between the retaining ring 421 and the face of the drill. When the retaining ring 421 approaches the face of the drill, the clutch assembly 3 separates the part of the screw 41 close to the second gear 22 from the part of the screw 41 close to the drill bit 5, preventing the torque from being transmitted to the nut 411, thereby stopping the push plate 42 from working. The action of the retaining ring 421 and the push plate 42 reduces the splashing of rock debris and the like during the drilling process, which can cause damage to the operator's body or cause safety accidents.

[0046] As drilling progresses, the two push plates 42 gradually enter the blasthole. At this point, the operator can cut off the power to the electromagnet and reengage the two parts of the screw 41 through the clutch assembly 3. The drill rod 1 again drives the screw 41 to rotate via the first gear 21 and the second gear 22. The screw 41 again drives the two nuts 411 in opposite directions. When the push plate 42 near the drill bit 5 moves toward the drill bit 5, rock fragments in the blasthole push the push plate 422 to rotate and enter between the two push plates 42. During the rock drilling process, to improve rock breaking efficiency, a forward and reverse rotation method is often used. After the forward and reverse rotation, the drill rod 1 drives the screw 41 to rotate in the opposite direction via the first gear 21 and the second gear 22. At this time, the two nuts 411 drive the push plates 42 to move toward each other. The two push plates 42 promote the accumulation of rock fragments. During the next forward and reverse rotation of the drill rod 1, the push plates 42 move toward the drill bit 5 again, collecting rock fragments around the drill bit 5 and reducing the impact of rock fragments on the operation of the drill bit 5 during the drilling process.

[0047] At the same time, during the reciprocating motion of the push plate 42, the push plate 42 drives the gas flow inside the blast hole, and the gas drives some dust near the drill bit 5 away from the drill bit 5, thereby reducing the damage of the dust to the drill bit 5, and during the movement of the push plate 42, it can scrape the hole wall, help the rock that may fall off to fall off, and collect this part of the rock between the two push plates 42 during the reciprocating process, thereby reducing the situation where the hole wall rock falls off and buries the drill bit 5 when the operator takes out the drill bit 5 after the subsequent drilling is completed.

[0048] After drilling is completed, the operator can wait for the dust and the like between the push plates 42 to settle under the action of gravity, and then slowly remove the drill bit 5 and collect the dust and rock fragments between the push plates 42 at the same time.

[0049] In the above process, the drill rod 1 transmits the torque to the sun gear 231 of the planetary gear 23 through the first gear 21 and the second gear 22, and transmits it to the planetary carrier 232 via the planetary gear 233. As a result, the rotation speed of the screw 41 is much lower than that of the drill rod 1, thereby preventing the drill rod 1 from driving the screw 41 to move at high speed, causing increased wear of the screw 41 and the nut 411, and shortening the service life of the screw 41 and the nut 411.

[0050] Compared with the existing technology, this solution uses the design of the push plate 42 to collect rock fragments inside the blast hole during the drilling process, reducing the impact of rock fragments on the drill bit 5. At the same time, during construction under high ground stress conditions, rock peeling or ejection may occur during the drilling process due to stress release. When this phenomenon occurs inside the hole, the design of the push plate 42 can prevent the ejected rock fragments from directly ejecting from the blast hole, causing damage to personnel and machinery. At the same time, the rock fragments are collected by the push plate 42 in this solution. Compared with the traditional solution of using high-pressure gas for slag removal and synchronous slag removal with the drill rod 1, the dust level during the slag removal process of this solution is far less than that of the traditional solution, causing less damage to the equipment inside the tunnel and the operator's body, and the slag removal process has less impact on the drilling speed. At the same time, compared with the slag removal method using mud, this solution is not restricted by season and does not require subsequent treatment of the mud, which greatly reduces the construction cost.

[0051] Compared with the use of a screw rod, this solution has a lower cost. In addition, during the drilling process, dust will be generated inside the blast hole, especially hard particles such as sand and gravel. The dust can easily affect the transmission structure, which will inevitably shorten the service life of the transmission structure during use. The replacement and maintenance cost of using the screw rod 41 is much lower than that of the screw rod, and after the dust invades, the screw rod 41 can still maintain a certain working capacity.

[0052] Example 2 The difference from the above embodiment is that: a chamber is opened in the push plate 42 near the drill bit 5, and a plurality of cooling holes 423 are opened on a side wall of the chamber near the drill bit 5, and the chamber is connected to a cooling component, and a cooling fluid is provided in the cooling component, and the cooling component is used to transport the cooling fluid to the drill bit 5 through the chamber. In this embodiment, the cooling component includes a storage chamber, and the storage chamber is arranged on the frame. The storage chamber is connected to a water pump, the input end of the water pump is connected to the storage chamber, the output end of the water pump is connected to the chamber, and the storage chamber is connected to the chamber. A solenoid valve is provided at the connection between the storage chamber and the chamber, and the cooling fluid in this embodiment is cooling water.

[0053] One-way valves are provided at the connection point between the chamber and the storage chamber and on the side wall of the cold zone hole, and an elastic member 424 is provided on the push plate 42 close to the drill bit 5, and the elastic member 424 is used to change the volume of the chamber.

[0054] The specific implementation method is as follows: During the use of this solution, the operator selects a suitable cooling fluid according to the construction environment, such as cooling gas in a low-temperature environment, and water or other liquids when facing harder rock formations. When facing a gas cooling fluid, the cooling air duct is directly connected to the storage chamber, and when the drill bit 5 is working, the solenoid valve is opened so that the cooling fluid acts directly on the drill bit 5. During this process, due to the continuous reciprocating motion of the push plate 42, the cooling fluid can act on different positions of the drill bit 5 and the drill rod 1, helping to evenly cool down the various positions of the drill bit 5 and the drill rod 1, reducing the occurrence of local overheating or uneven thermal stress distribution of the drill bit 5 and the drill rod 1, thereby reducing the uneven wear of the drill bit 5 caused by local overheating or uneven thermal stress distribution, thereby improving the life of the drill bit 5 and ensuring construction safety.

[0055] When liquid is selected as the cooling fluid, the cooling fluid is injected into the storage chamber before drilling, and when the drill bit 5 is working, the water pump is started to apply the cooling liquid to the drill bit 5 to cool the drill bit 5. At the same time, the cooling fluid can also play a certain dust reduction role, shortening the waiting time required after the drilling is completed.

[0056] During this process, due to the design of the elastic member 424, as the push plate 42 reciprocates, the rock fragments in the blast hole push the elastic member 424 to deform, causing the volume of the chamber to shrink. At the same time, due to the action of the one-way valve, the cooling liquid is discharged from the chamber through the hole. Then the push plate 42 moves in the opposite direction, the squeezing effect of the rock fragments on the elastic member 424 is released, the elastic member 424 is reset, the volume of the chamber is restored, the chamber pressure drops, and under the action of air pressure, the cooling fluid in the storage chamber enters the chamber.

[0057] During the above process, when encountering rock fragments of varying hardness and adhesion, when elastic member 424 contacts rock fragments with greater viscosity or hardness adhering to the sidewall of the blasthole, these rock fragments push elastic member 424 to deform more dramatically than when encountering rock fragments with lower hardness or less viscosity. This causes the chamber volume to decrease, significantly increasing the flow rate of the cooling fluid at the location of cooling hole 423. This increases the volume of cooling fluid in contact with the drill bit 5 and the rock fragments per unit time, thereby enhancing the cooling capacity of the cooling fluid on the drill bit 5. Furthermore, when encountering high-hardness and high-viscosity rock formations, the drill bit 5 is more likely to generate more heat during operation. By increasing the flow rate of the cooling fluid, the cooling effect on the drill bit 5 is enhanced. Conversely, when encountering rock formations with lower hardness or lower viscosity, the drill bit 5 generates less heat during operation, and the flow rate of the cooling fluid is reduced, thereby achieving energy savings.

[0058] Compared with the existing technology, this solution can adjust the flow rate of the cooling fluid according to the characteristics of the rock formation, while ensuring the cooling effect, reducing the waste of cooling fluid during operation. In addition, the above process does not require the participation of sensors, effectively reducing the manufacturing cost of the equipment.

[0059] At the same time, when the vibration generated by the driving member and the drill bit 5 is transmitted to the blast hole, the elastic member 424 can also absorb the vibration through its own elastic deformation, thereby reducing the resonance of the vibration in the blast hole and affecting the stability of the blast hole.

[0060] Example 3 As attached Figure 5 As shown, a method for smooth blasting construction of a deep buried high ground stress tunnel is based on the above-mentioned smooth blasting construction device for a deep buried high ground stress tunnel. This embodiment includes: S1: Acquire historical tunnel parameters, including the number of delays, blasthole length, blasthole resistance line, blasthole spacing, explosive consumption, and surrounding rock grade, establish a correlation between historical parameters and tunnel overexcavation using artificial neural networks (ANN) and genetic algorithm-artificial neural network (GA-ANN), and construct an overexcavation prediction model based on the correlation; Tunnel parameters also include blasting distance, surrounding rock grade, and blasting charge. The correlation between blasting distance, surrounding rock grade, blasting charge and tunnel face vibration velocity is obtained, and a vibration prediction model is constructed based on the correlation.

[0061] S2: Obtain tunnel parameters and blasting plan for the construction tunnel, and use the overbreak prediction model to predict the overbreak volume of the construction tunnel. While predicting, use the Bayesian neural network to output the confidence space of the predicted value, obtain the predicted overbreak volume, and adjust the blasting plan based on the predicted overbreak volume. After obtaining the tunnel parameters of the construction tunnel and the blasting scheme, vibration prediction is performed according to the vibration prediction model, and the blasting scheme is adjusted according to the vibration prediction model. S3: According to the blasting scheme, the tunnel face is laid out, and the driving member is controlled to work, the drill bit is used to drill holes at the laid-out position to form blast holes, and in the drilling process, the sensor of the drill jumbo automatically records the hole depth, angle and other data, then according to the blasting scheme, explosives are filled into the blast holes, and when the explosives are installed, the explosives are detonated to complete the blasting of the tunnel.

[0062] In the face of multiple working face construction scenarios, before blasting, a plurality of wireless vibration sensors are arranged in the tunnel to form a sensor network to monitor the tunnel vibration during blasting.

[0063] After detonating a group of explosives, a 3D laser scanner is used to collect point cloud data inside the tunnel, and according to the data collected during drilling to blasting, various tunnel parameters are obtained, overbreak and underbreak are measured and recorded, and vibration data of the tunnel are measured and recorded, and according to the tunnel parameters, overbreak and underbreak, and the implemented blasting scheme, the overbreak prediction model is corrected, and according to the vibration data, the tunnel parameters and the implemented blasting scheme, the vibration prediction model is corrected.

[0064] The above specific embodiments further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A smooth blasting construction device for a deep-buried high-in-situ stress tunnel, comprising a frame on which a drive member and a moving assembly are mounted, characterized in that: The output end of the driving member is equipped with a slag discharge assembly (4) and a drill bit (5), the moving assembly is used to adjust the position of the drill bit (5), the drill bit (5) is used to crush rocks to form blast holes, the slag discharge assembly includes a plurality of spiral transmission assemblies, each of the spiral transmission assemblies is provided with two groups of push plates (42), the spiral transmission assemblies are used to drive the two groups of push plates (42) to move synchronously in opposite directions, a plurality of openings are opened on the push plates (42) close to the drill bit (5), and the side walls of the openings are unidirectionally hinged with baffles (422), and a torsion spring is sleeved at the hinge between the side walls of the openings and the baffles (422), the push plates (42) are used to collect rock debris in the blast hole, and the driving member is used to drive the drill bit (5) and the spiral transmission assembly to rotate in both directions.

2. The smooth blasting construction device for a deep buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral transmission components each include a screw (41), and two sets of nuts (411) are detachably connected to the screw (41) via threads, wherein the thread directions of the two sets of nuts (411) are opposite, and the nuts (411) are rotatably connected to adjacent push plates (42).

3. The smooth blasting construction device for a deep buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: A clutch assembly (3) is provided on the screw rod (41), and the clutch assembly (3) is used to change the torque transmitted from the driving member to the nut (411).

4. The smooth blasting construction device for a deep buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: A retaining ring (421) is provided on a side wall of the push plate (42) close to the drill bit (5), and the retaining plate (422) and the side wall of the opening are both provided with electromagnets, and the electromagnets are used to prevent the retaining plate (422) from rotating.

5. The smooth blasting construction device for a deep buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The screw (41) is driven by a differential transmission assembly (2), and the differential transmission assembly (2) is used to adjust the speed difference between the screw (41) and the driving member.

6. The smooth blasting construction device for a deep buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: A chamber is provided in the push plate (42) near the drill bit (5), a plurality of cooling holes (423) are provided on a side wall of the chamber near the drill bit (5), the chamber is connected to a cooling assembly, and a solenoid valve is provided at the connection between the chamber and the cooling assembly, a cooling fluid is provided in the cooling assembly, and the cooling assembly is used to transport the cooling fluid to the drill bit (5) through the chamber.

7. The smooth blasting construction device for a deep buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cooling fluid is cooling water.

8. The smooth blasting construction device for a deep-buried high-in-situ stress tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that: A one-way valve is provided at the connection point between the chamber and the water storage assembly and on the side wall of the cooling hole (423), and an elastic member (424) is provided on the push plate (42) close to the drill bit (5), and the elastic member (424) is used to change the volume of the chamber.

9. The smooth blasting construction device for a deep buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mobile assembly includes a crawler chassis and a slide. A diesel engine is installed on the crawler chassis and is fixedly connected to the frame. An oil cylinder is provided on the slide and is fixedly connected to the frame. An output end of the oil cylinder is fixedly connected to the slide.

10. The smooth blasting construction device for a deep buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving member is a hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic motor is used to drive the drill bit (5) and the spiral transmission assembly to rotate in both directions.

11. A method for smooth blasting construction of a deep-buried high-in-situ stress tunnel, based on a smooth blasting construction device for a deep-buried high-in-situ stress tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: S1: Obtain historical tunnel parameters, use a neural network algorithm to establish a correlation between historical parameters and tunnel overbreak, and build an overbreak prediction model based on the correlation; S2: Obtain tunnel parameters and blasting plan of the construction tunnel, use the overbreak prediction model to predict the overbreak of the construction tunnel, obtain the predicted overbreak, and adjust the blasting plan according to the predicted overbreak; S3: The tunnel face is laid out according to the blasting plan, and the driving member is controlled to operate. The drill bit is used to drill holes at the laid-out positions to form blastholes. Then, explosives are filled into the blastholes according to the blasting plan. After the explosives are installed, they are detonated to complete the blasting of the tunnel.

12. A method for smooth blasting construction of a deep buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 11, characterized in that: The tunnel parameters include the number of delays, blasthole length, blasthole resistance line, blasthole spacing, explosive consumption per unit and surrounding rock grade.

13. A method for smooth blasting construction of a deep buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 12, characterized in that: In S1, tunnel parameters also include blasting distance and blasting charge, and the correlation between blasting distance, surrounding rock grade and blasting charge and tunnel face vibration velocity is obtained, and a vibration prediction model is constructed based on the correlation. In S2, after obtaining the tunnel parameters and blasting plan of the construction tunnel, vibration prediction is performed according to the vibration prediction model, and the blasting plan is adjusted according to the vibration prediction model.

14. The method for smooth blasting of a deep buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 11, characterized in that: In S3, after detonating a set of explosives, the overbreak and underbreak are measured and recorded, and the overbreak prediction model is modified based on the tunnel parameters, overbreak and underbreak, and the implemented blasting plan.

15. The method for smooth blasting of a deep buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 11, characterized in that: In S3, after detonating a set of explosives, the vibration data of the tunnel is recorded, and the vibration prediction model is modified using the vibration data, tunnel parameters and the implemented blasting plan.

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