Method for preventing and controlling canelaticonelaps thermophilus and application of method

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling laps thermolaps and application of the method. According to the different adaptability of the bees and the canelaticonelaps haps to the low-oxygen condition and the phenomenon that the canelaticonelaps haps cannot successfully breed under the low-oxygen condition, a bee colony or a sealed comb of the bees is placed in the low-oxygen environment with the oxygen concentration of 10%-17% (or the oxygen partial pressure of 13.5 kPa to 15 kPa), so that the breeding of the canelaticonelaps haps fails. The method can be implemented in various modes, including moving a bee colony to a low-oxygen area with the altitude of 3000 m or above; under the environmental condition that the oxygen content in the air is in a normal range, putting the bee colony into an artificial low-oxygen chamber; under the environment condition that the oxygen content in the air is within a normal range, the air tightness of the beehive is adjusted, and the low-oxygen condition is generated in the beehive by means of negative pressure generation through air exhaust, nitrogen introduction, mixed gas introduction with low-oxygen concentration and the like; the sealed honeycomb of the honeybees infected by the heated laps mites is taken out from the beehive and put into a closed container with lower oxygen concentration.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of beekeeping, and relates to a method for preventing and controlling Tropilaelaps and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Tropilaelaps mites are ectoparasitic mites of honeybees, belonging to Arthropoda, Arachnida, Acarina, Parasitiformes and Pyemodae. Tropilaelaps is commonly known as "small bee mites", which widely parasitizes in western honeybee colonies in China, especially in regions with short wintering period, causing more serious harm to the colonies.

[0003] Tropilaelaps mites survive by sucking blood or fat body of honeybee larvae or pupae, and spend most of the time in capped cells, and spend only 1-2 days outside the cells. The reproduction period of Tropilaelaps mites is highly consistent with the capped period of honeybees, and each reproduction period produces 1-3 offspring, and about 25 days can produce two generations, so the reproduction speed is very fast. Most of the honeybees harmed by Tropilaelaps mites show symptoms such as limb or wing defects, weak constitution and the like, and the lifespan is greatly shortened. Due to the short reproduction cycle and fast reproduction speed of Tropilaelaps mites in the colony, combined with the rapid crawling on the nest, it is not easy to be found in the early stage of infection. When the beekeeper realizes the harm, if appropriate management measures are not taken in time, the colony strength is often seriously affected, and even the whole bee farm suffers heavy losses.

[0004] Flumethrin, amitraz, formic acid, sublimed sulfur and other chemical acaricides have been the conventional drugs for controlling bee mites in beekeeping production for a long time. These drugs achieve the purpose of controlling mites by directly killing mites. However, the long-term application of these chemical acaricides will lead to drug residues in bee products and Tropilaelaps mites inevitably develop drug resistance, and at the same time, the drugs themselves also have obvious harm to the health of honeybees. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new method for controlling Tropilaelaps mites. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for preventing and controlling Tropilaelaps mites. According to the different adaptability of honeybees and Tropilaelaps mites to low oxygen conditions, and the phenomenon that Tropilaelaps mites cannot successfully reproduce under low oxygen conditions, the colony or the capped nest is placed in a low oxygen environment, so that the reproduction of Tropilaelaps mites fails, the number of Tropilaelaps mites is prevented from increasing, the harm is reduced, and with the decline of Tropilaelaps mite individuals, the Tropilaelaps mite population gradually disappears.

[0006] The method for preventing and controlling Tropilaelaps mites is realized by any one of the following four schemes: Scheme 1: moving the colony to an area with an altitude of 3000 meters or more to make the reproduction of Tropilaelaps mites fail, prevent the number of Tropilaelaps mites from increasing, reduce the harm, and with the decline of Tropilaelaps mite individuals, the Tropilaelaps mite population gradually disappears; Scheme 2: or in the environmental conditions where the oxygen content in the air is in the normal range, the bee colony is put into an artificial low oxygen chamber, so that the Varroa jacobosii reproduction fails, the number of Varroa jacobosii is prevented from increasing, the harm is reduced, and as the Varroa jacobosii individuals die out, the Varroa jacobosii population gradually disappears; Scheme 3: or in the environmental conditions where the oxygen content in the air is in the normal range, the air tightness of the beehive is adjusted, and the low oxygen condition is generated in the beehive by means of negative pressure generated by air extraction, nitrogen gas, low oxygen concentration mixed gas and the like, so that the low oxygen environment is formed, the Varroa jacobosii reproduction fails, the number of Varroa jacobosii is prevented from increasing, the harm is reduced, and as the Varroa jacobosii individuals die out, the Varroa jacobosii population gradually disappears; Scheme 4: or the capped brood infected by Varroa jacobosii is taken out from the beehive and put into a closed container with low oxygen concentration, so that the Varroa jacobosii reproduction fails, the number of Varroa jacobosii is prevented from increasing, the harm is reduced, and as the Varroa jacobosii individuals die out, the Varroa jacobosii population gradually disappears.

[0007] The above four methods all need to be placed in a low oxygen environment for more than one day. The longer the time, the better the effect of interfering with the reproduction of Varroa jacobosii.

[0008] The low oxygen condition in the application refers to an oxygen concentration of 10% to 17% or an oxygen partial pressure of 13.5 to 15 kPa. The oxygen concentration in this range has no obvious visible harm to bees, but the reproduction of Varroa jacobosii is significantly affected, and even fails.

[0009] The application provides a beehive capable of adjusting the oxygen concentration in the box, which is composed of a box body A, a gas conduit B, a gas tank C, an oxygen concentration measuring instrument D in the box and a gas flow rate controller E.

[0010] The box body A of the beehive in method 3 is improved on the basis of a common beehive. The box body is basically sealed, a small opening a is left at the bottom of the front side for bees to enter and exit, while maintaining gas flow with the outside. A small opening b is opened on each of the front and rear sides for inserting the conduit to pass the gas with a specific oxygen concentration.

[0011] One end of the gas conduit (B) is connected to the small openings b on the front and rear sides of the box body A, and the other end is connected to the gas tank C. The gas tank C is filled with nitrogen gas or mixed gas of nitrogen and oxygen with an oxygen concentration of 0-16%.

[0012] Two oxygen concentration measuring instruments D are placed inside the box body for measuring the oxygen concentrations at two different points in the box.

[0013] The gas flow rate adjustment in the box A provided by the application includes two modes of automatic adjustment or manual adjustment. In the automatic adjustment mode, the oxygen concentration detector is connected with the gas flow rate controller E outside the box through the wire c, and when the oxygen concentration in the box is too high, the gas flow rate is increased, and when the oxygen concentration is too low, the gas flow rate is decreased. In the manual adjustment mode, the gas flow rate is manually adjusted when the oxygen concentration in the box is monitored in real time.

[0014] Another object of the application is to provide the application of the method in preventing and controlling Varroa destructor in a bee colony or a capped brood cell.

[0015] The application researches and finds that Varroa destructor has poor hypoxia tolerance, and low oxygen condition leads to the reproduction failure of Varroa destructor, and the reproduction prevention by placing the bee colony in a low oxygen condition is an effective method for preventing and controlling Varroa destructor.

[0016] The method of the application has the following characteristics compared with the prior art: (1) does not depend on any drug, and has no risk of drug residue in bee products; (2) has many optional implementation methods, and can be combined with organic bee production; (3) the method can effectively avoid the harm of Varroa destructor when used properly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 The application provides a beehive device structure diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The application is further described in combination with the embodiments. However, the protection scope of the application is not limited to this.

[0019] Example 1 Referring to Figure 1 , a beehive device capable of adjusting the oxygen concentration in the box is designed, which comprises a box A, a gas conduit B, a gas tank C, an oxygen concentration detector D in the box and a gas flow rate controller E.

[0020] The box A is improved on the basis of the ordinary beehive. The box is basically sealed, a small opening a is left at the bottom of the front side for the bees to enter and exit, and gas flow with the outside is maintained. A small opening b is formed on each of the front and rear sides for inserting the conduit to pass the gas with a specific oxygen concentration.

[0021] The gas conduit B is connected with the small openings b on the front and rear sides of the box A at one end, and is connected with the gas tank C at the other end. The gas tank C is filled with nitrogen gas with an oxygen concentration of 0-16% or a mixed gas of nitrogen and oxygen.

[0022] Two oxygen concentration detectors D are placed in the box A to measure the oxygen concentrations at two different positions in the box.

[0023] The gas flow rate in the box can be adjusted in two modes, automatic adjustment or manual adjustment. In the automatic adjustment mode, the oxygen concentration detector is connected to the gas flow rate controller E outside the box through the wire c. When the oxygen concentration in the box is too high, the gas flow rate is increased, and when the oxygen concentration is too low, the gas flow rate is decreased. In the manual adjustment mode, the gas flow rate is manually adjusted while monitoring the oxygen concentration in the box in real time.

[0024] Using the device, nitrogen gas is uniformly delivered into the beehive to maintain the oxygen concentration in the beehive at about 14%, and the reproduction of Varroa jacobosii is checked after 8 days of maintenance. The results show that all the Varroa jacobosii in the capped cells do not reproduce.

[0025] Example 2 The bee colony is moved from a normal oxygen concentration environment to Lhasa, Tibet (a hypoxic environment with an oxygen partial pressure of about 13.5 kPa), and placed for 10 days. The reproduction of Varroa jacobosii in the capped worker bee cells is checked before moving (normal oxygen concentration condition) and after being placed in the hypoxic environment for 10 days. The results show that the success rate of adult Varroa jacobosii reproduction is 90% under normal oxygen concentration conditions, and the success rate of Varroa jacobosii reproduction is 0 under a hypoxic environment with an oxygen partial pressure of 13.5 kPa, and the parasitic rate of Varroa jacobosii in the capped worker bee cells decreases from 8% to 2% after 2 months.

[0026] Example 3 The bee colony is moved from a normal oxygen concentration environment to a hypoxic chamber with an oxygen partial pressure of 15 kPa, and placed for 10 days. The reproduction of Varroa jacobosii in the capped worker bee cells is checked before moving (normal oxygen concentration condition) and after being placed in the hypoxic environment for 10 days. The results show that the success rate of adult Varroa jacobosii reproduction is 92% under normal oxygen concentration conditions, and the success rate of Varroa jacobosii reproduction is 12% under a hypoxic environment with an oxygen partial pressure of 15 kPa, and the parasitic rate of Varroa jacobosii in the capped worker bee cells decreases from 7.2% to 2.5% after 2 months.

[0027] Example 4 Referring to Example 3, a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen with an oxygen concentration of 5% is uniformly delivered into the beehive to maintain the oxygen concentration in the beehive at about 13.5%, and the reproduction of Varroa jacobosii is checked after 10 days of maintenance. The results show that all the Varroa jacobosii in the capped cells do not reproduce.

Claims

1. A method for controlling heat mites, characterized in that: Based on the different adaptability of bees and heat laelaps to low oxygen conditions, and the fact that heat laelaps cannot successfully reproduce under low oxygen conditions, placing bee colonies or sealed honeycombs in a low oxygen environment will cause heat laelaps to fail to reproduce, preventing the increase in their number. As the individual heat laelaps die, the heat laelaps population gradually disappears.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that To achieve control of heat mites, use any of the following options: Option 1: Relocate the bee colony to a low-oxygen area above 3,000 meters above sea level to prevent the reproduction of heat laelaps, prevent their increase in number, and reduce their harm. As the individual heat laelaps die, the heat laelaps population will gradually disappear. Option 2: Alternatively, under environmental conditions where the oxygen content in the air is within the normal range, the bee colony is placed in an artificial hypoxic chamber to prevent the reproduction of heat laelaps, thus preventing the increase in the number of heat laelaps and reducing the damage. As the heat laelaps die, the heat laelaps population gradually disappears. Option 3: Alternatively, under environmental conditions where the oxygen content in the air is within the normal range, adjust the air tightness of the beehive and create a low oxygen condition in the beehive by pumping air to generate negative pressure, passing nitrogen, or passing a mixed gas with a low oxygen concentration. This creates a low oxygen environment, which prevents the reproduction of heat laelaps, prevents the increase in the number of heat laelaps, reduces the damage, and as the heat laelaps die, the heat laelaps population gradually disappears. Option 4: Remove the sealed honeycombs of bees infected with heat laelaps from the beehive and place them in a sealed container with a lower oxygen concentration, so that the heat laelaps fail to reproduce, prevent the number of heat laelaps from increasing, reduce the harm, and as the heat laelaps die, the heat laelaps population gradually disappears. All of the above four options require placing the cells in a low-oxygen environment for more than one day. The longer the time, the better the effect of interfering with the reproduction of heat mites.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The hypoxic condition refers to an oxygen concentration of 10% to 17% or an oxygen partial pressure of 13.5 to 15 kPa.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The beehive described in scheme (3) consists of a box body (A), a gas conduit (B), a gas tank (C), an oxygen concentration meter in the box (D) and a gas flow rate controller (E). The box body remains basically sealed, with a small opening (a) left at the bottom of the front side for bees to enter and exit, while maintaining air circulation with the outside world. A small opening (b) is opened on each of the front and back sides for inserting a conduit to pass gas with a specific oxygen concentration. One end of the gas conduit (B) is connected to the small openings (b) on the front and back sides of the box body, and the other end is connected to the gas tank (C). The gas tank (C) is filled with nitrogen with an oxygen concentration of 0-16% or a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The gas flow rate adjustment inside the box includes two modes: automatic adjustment and manual adjustment. In the automatic adjustment mode, the oxygen concentration meter is connected to the gas flow rate controller (E) outside the box through a wire (c). When the oxygen concentration in the box is too high, the gas flow rate is increased, and when the oxygen concentration is too low, the gas flow rate is reduced. In the manual adjustment mode, the gas flow rate is manually adjusted while the oxygen concentration in the box is monitored in real time.

6. The method of claim 1 or 2 is used in controlling heat laelaps in bee colonies or honeybee capped honeycombs.

Images