Ganoderma lucidum fermentation medium and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fermentation of edible and medicinal fungi, and particularly discloses a ganoderma lucidum fermentation medium and application thereof. The ganoderma lucidum fermentation culture medium is prepared from the following components: 2.0 to 3.0 percent of soybean meal, 1.0 to 1.5 percent of yeast extract, 1.0 to 1.2 percent of potassium nitrate, 1.0 to 2.0 percent of glucose, 0.8 to 1.0 percent of wheat bran powder, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.05 to 0.08 percent of magnesium sulfate, 50 to 80ppm of vitamin B2, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of codonopsis pilosula powder, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of bamboo shoot powder and the balance of water. All the components in the ganoderma lucidum fermentation liquor are matched with one another, a suitable environment can be provided for growth and metabolism of ganoderma lucidum hyphae, and therefore accumulation of polysaccharide of the ganoderma lucidum hyphae can be improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of edible and medicinal mushroom fermentation, in particular to a Ganoderma lucidum fermentation medium and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Ganoderma lucidum, belonging to Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Polyporales and Ganodermataceae in taxonomy, is a rare edible and medicinal fungus, rich in various bioactive components. Ganoderma lucidum has a long history of medicinal use, and the research on its effective components and pharmacological effects has been extensive and in-depth, among which the research on Ganoderma lingzhi polysaccharide (GLP) is the most in-depth. Ganoderma lingzhi polysaccharide has the effects of immune regulation, anti-tumor, liver protection, blood lipid reduction and nerve cell protection, and is called "biological response regulator". Ganoderma lingzhi polysaccharide can be obtained from Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies, spore powder and Ganoderma lucidum fermentation products.

[0003] The artificial production of Ganoderma lucidum mainly includes solid culture method and liquid fermentation method. The solid culture method is convenient and economical, and can grow fruiting bodies, which is an effective method to obtain Ganoderma lucidum products; however, the solid culture method has the disadvantages of long cycle, difficulty in effectively determining the end of culture and strictly controlling the content and quality of the product. The liquid fermentation method is not affected by seasons, has a short culture cycle, low cost, can quickly proliferate fungal cells, and the production of effective components and active substances is easy to control, which has attracted widespread attention. Studies have shown that Ganoderma lingzhi polysaccharide produced by liquid fermentation has similar efficacy to polysaccharide derived from Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies and Ganoderma lucidum spores.

[0004] However, due to the problems that the fermentation medium formula or composition of some liquid fermentation cannot meet the nutritional requirements of Ganoderma lucidum fermentation, the yield of Ganoderma lingzhi polysaccharide obtained by fermentation is not high, which limits the commercial development of Ganoderma lingzhi polysaccharide products. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a Ganoderma lucidum fermentation medium and application thereof. The components in the Ganoderma lucidum fermentation medium of the present application cooperate with each other, which can provide a suitable environment for the growth and metabolism of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium, thereby improving the accumulation of polysaccharide.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is:

[0007] A ganoderma lucidum fermentation culture medium comprises the following components: soybean powder 2.0-3.0%, yeast extract 1.0-1.5%, potassium nitrate 1.0-1.2%, glucose 1.0-2.0%, wheat bran powder 0.8-1.0%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1-0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.05-0.08%, vitamin B2 50-80 ppm, radix codonopsis powder 0.2-0.5%, and bamboo shoot powder 0.2-0.5%, and the balance is water.

[0008] Further, the mass ratio of the radix codonopsis powder and the bamboo shoot powder is 1:1.

[0009] Further, the following components are included: soybean powder 3.0%, yeast extract 1.0%, potassium nitrate 1.0%, glucose 1.5%, wheat bran powder 0.9%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.05%, vitamin B2 70 ppm, radix codonopsis powder 0.5%, and bamboo shoot powder 0.5%, and the balance is water.

[0010] Further, the pH of the ganoderma lucidum fermentation culture medium is 6.0-6.5.

[0011] Further, the particle size of the radix codonopsis powder is 30-40 mesh.

[0012] Further, the particle size of the bamboo shoot powder is 60-80 mesh.

[0013] The application further provides application of the above ganoderma lucidum fermentation culture medium in increasing the polysaccharide content in fermented ganoderma lucidum.

[0014] The application further provides a method for fermenting ganoderma lucidum by using the ganoderma lucidum fermentation culture medium, comprising the following steps: inoculating ganoderma lucidum mycelium seed liquid into the fermentation culture medium for fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 27-28 DEG C, and the fermentation is terminated when the pH value of the fermentation culture medium decreases to 4.0-4.2.

[0015] The application has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The ganoderma fermentation culture medium of the present application uses soybean powder, yeast extract and potassium nitrate as a compound nitrogen source, uses glucose and wheat bran powder as a compound carbon source, and uses potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate as inorganic salts, so that the culture medium is rich in polysaccharides, proteins, vitamins, minerals and other components, which can promote the growth and metabolism of ganoderma mycelium, and is beneficial to the accumulation of ganoderma mycelium biomass and fermentation broth polysaccharides. At the same time, on the basis of the above components, the addition of radix codonopsis powder and bamboo shoot powder, which are rich in cellulose, lignin, sugar and other nutrients, can further supplement the nutrients of ganoderma mycelium. In addition, some components in radix codonopsis powder and bamboo shoot powder may have an interaction relationship, which can promote ganoderma mycelium to better decompose most of the nutrients in the culture medium environment and convert them into components needed for growth, so that the mycelium is dense, the growth is strong, the mycelium volume is large, and the biomass and fermentation broth polysaccharide accumulation are further improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present application more clear, specific embodiments will be described in detail below.

[0018] Example 1

[0019] A ganoderma fermentation culture medium, comprising the following components: soybean powder 2.0%, yeast extract 1.0%, potassium nitrate 1.0%, glucose 1.0%, wheat bran powder 0.8%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1%, magnesium sulfate 0.05%, vitamin B2 50ppm, 30 mesh radix codonopsis powder 0.2% and 60 mesh bamboo shoot powder 0.2%, and the balance is water; the pH is 6.0.

[0020] Example 2

[0021] A ganoderma fermentation culture medium, comprising the following components: soybean powder 2.5%, yeast extract 1.3%, potassium nitrate 1.1%, glucose 1.5%, wheat bran powder 0.9%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.15%, magnesium sulfate 0.06%, vitamin B2 70ppm, 35 mesh radix codonopsis powder 0.4% and 70 mesh bamboo shoot powder 0.4%, and the balance is water; the pH is 6.3.

[0022] Example 3

[0023] A ganoderma fermentation culture medium, comprising the following components: soybean powder 3.0%, yeast extract 1.5%, potassium nitrate 1.2%, glucose 2.0%, wheat bran powder 1.0%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.08%, vitamin B2 80ppm, 40 mesh radix codonopsis powder 0.5% and 80 mesh bamboo shoot powder 0.5%, and the balance is water; the pH is 6.5.

[0024] Example 4

[0025] A ganoderma fermentation culture medium, comprising the following components: soybean powder 3.0%, yeast extract 1.0%, potassium nitrate 1.0%, glucose 1.5%, wheat bran powder 0.9%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.05%, vitamin B2 70ppm, 40-mesh radix ginseng powder 0.5%, and 80-mesh bamboo shoot powder 0.5%, with the balance being water; and the pH is 6.5.

[0026] Comparative Example 1

[0027] A ganoderma fermentation culture medium, comprising the following components: peptone 3.0%, yeast extract 1.0%, potassium nitrate 1.0%, glucose 1.5%, sucrose 0.9%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.05%, vitamin B2 70ppm, 40-mesh radix ginseng powder 0.5%, and 80-mesh bamboo shoot powder 0.5%, with the balance being water; and the pH is 6.5.

[0028] Comparative Example 2

[0029] A ganoderma fermentation culture medium, comprising the following components: soybean powder 3.0%, yeast extract 1.0%, potassium nitrate 1.0%, glucose 1.5%, wheat bran powder 0.9%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.05-0.08%, vitamin B2 70ppm, 40-mesh radix ginseng powder 0.5%, with the balance being water; and the pH is 6.5.

[0030] Comparative Example 3

[0031] A ganoderma fermentation culture medium, comprising the following components: soybean powder 3.0%, yeast extract 1.0%, potassium nitrate 1.0%, glucose 1.5%, wheat bran powder 0.9%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.05-0.08%, vitamin B2 70ppm, and 80-mesh bamboo shoot powder 0.5%, with the balance being water; and the pH is 6.5.

[0032] Comparative Example 4

[0033] A ganoderma fermentation culture medium, comprising the following components: soybean powder 3.0%, yeast extract 1.0%, potassium nitrate 1.0%, glucose 1.5%, wheat bran powder 0.9%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.05-0.08%, vitamin B2 70ppm, 40-mesh radix ginseng powder 0.5%, and 80-mesh bamboo shoot powder 0.5%, with the balance being water; and the pH is 6.5.

[0034] Comparative Example 5

[0035] A ganoderma fermentation culture medium, comprising the following components: soybean powder 3.0%, yeast extract 1.0%, potassium nitrate 1.0%, glucose 1.5%, wheat bran powder 0.9%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.05%, vitamin B2 70ppm, with the balance being water; and the pH is 6.5.

[0036] Effect verification

[0037] Ganoderma lucidum was fermented using the fermentation media of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-5, and the specific fermentation method was as follows:

[0038] (1) Strain activation: cut the purple Ganoderma mycelium of the size of a broad bean and inoculate it in the middle of PDA medium, culture for 4 days, then subculture once, culture at 25°C for 7 days, and then use;

[0039] (2) Liquid culture: inoculate the activated strain into liquid culture medium, shake culture at 150 r / min and 27°C for 6 days to obtain liquid strain;

[0040] (3) Fermentation culture: inoculate the liquid strain into the fermentation media of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-5, culture at 180 r / min and 29°C until the pH value is reduced to 4.0-4.2, terminate the fermentation, and obtain the fermentation product;

[0041] (4) Separation: centrifuge the fermentation product to obtain mycelium and fermentation broth.

[0042] Measurement index:

[0043] 1. Mycelium polysaccharide content (mg / g): the obtained mycelium was washed with tap water for several times, then dried at 70°C to constant weight, and then extracted with hot water to obtain Ganoderma polysaccharide. The determination of Ganoderma polysaccharide was performed by phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetry, and glucose was used as the standard.

[0044] 2. Crude polysaccharide content in fermentation broth (mg / mL): the fermentation broth was concentrated to 1 / 2 of the volume of the fermentation broth, precipitated with 5 times the volume of 95% ethanol, then centrifuged, precipitated with 95% ethanol of the same volume as the concentrated liquid, then centrifuged, and then dried at 60°C to constant weight to obtain the weight of the extracellular crude polysaccharide.

[0045] The measurement results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0046] Table 1 Effect of fermentation media on liquid fermentation of Ganoderma polysaccharide

[0047] Group Crude polysaccharide content in fermentation broth (mg / mL) Polysaccharide content in mycelium (mg / g) Example 1 152.5 124.3 Example 2 157.7 126.2 Example 3 155.8 126.9 Example 4 159.3 128.2 Comparative Example 1 111.4 105.3 Comparative Example 2 124.7 101.6 Comparative Example 3 131.2 97.5 Comparative Example 4 128.7 102.6 Comparative Example 5 99.9 98.1

[0048] As shown in Table 1, the crude polysaccharide content and the mycelium polysaccharide content of the fermentation broth obtained by fermentation of the fermentation medium of Examples 1-4 are obviously superior to those of Comparative Examples 1-5, which indicates that the components of the fermentation medium of the present application are compounded, which can be beneficial to the growth of mycelium and the secretion of extracellular crude polysaccharide, thereby simultaneously improving the content of extracellular polysaccharide and intracellular polysaccharide. The crude polysaccharide content and the mycelium polysaccharide content of the fermentation broth of Comparative Example 1 are obviously reduced by replacing soybean powder with proteose peptone as one of the nitrogen source components, which indicates that the nitrogen source of the present application has the best adaptability with the other components; the fermentation medium of Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 respectively lacks bamboo shoot powder and radix ginseng powder, Comparative Example 4 uses radix astragali powder instead of radix ginseng, and the fermentation medium of Comparative Example 5 simultaneously lacks radix ginseng powder and bamboo shoot powder, but the mycelium polysaccharide content of Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4 and Comparative Example 5 has no obvious difference, which may be due to the fact that there is some interaction between the components after the bamboo shoot powder and radix ginseng powder are compounded, thereby promoting the transformation and utilization of the nutritional components in the culture medium by Ganoderma lucidum mycelium, thereby improving the mycelium polysaccharide content.

Claims

1. A Ganoderma lucidum fermentation medium, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components: 2.0-3.0% of soybean powder, 1.0-1.5% of yeast extract, 1.0-1.2% of potassium nitrate, 1.0-2.0% of glucose, 0.8-1.0% of wheat bran powder, 0.1-0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05-0.08% of magnesium sulfate, 50-80ppm of vitamin B2, 0.2-0.5% of codonopsis pilosula powder and 0.2-0.5% of bamboo shoot powder, and the balance is water.

2. The Ganoderma lucidum fermentation medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the codonopsis pilosula powder to the bamboo shoot powder is 1:

1.

3. The Ganoderma lucidum fermentation medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components: 3.0% soybean powder, 1.0% yeast extract, 1.0% potassium nitrate, 1.5% glucose, 0.9% wheat bran powder, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05% magnesium sulfate, 70ppm vitamin B2, 0.5% codonopsis pilosula powder and 0.5% bamboo shoot powder, and the balance is water.

4. The Ganoderma lucidum fermentation medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH of the Ganoderma lucidum fermentation medium is 6.0-6.

5.

5. The Ganoderma lucidum fermentation medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the codonopsis pilosula powder is 30-40 meshes.

6. The Ganoderma lucidum fermentation medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the bamboo shoot powder is 60-80 meshes.

7. Use of the Ganoderma lucidum fermentation medium as claimed in claims 1 to 6 in increasing the polysaccharide content in fermented Ganoderma lucidum.

8. A method for fermenting Ganoderma lucidum using Ganoderma lucidum fermentation medium, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The ganoderma mycelium seed liquid is inoculated into the fermentation medium for fermentation. The fermentation temperature is 27-28° C. and the fermentation is terminated when the pH value of the fermentation medium drops to 4.0-4.2.