Small distributed water electrolysis hydrogen production and hydrogenation all-in-one machine

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen production through water electrolysis, in particular to a small-sized distributed hydrogen production and hydrogenation all-in-one machine through water electrolysis. Comprising a purification module, and the purification module comprises a dryer A, a dryer B, a first throttling valve, a second throttling valve, a working air inlet electromagnetic valve A, a working air inlet electromagnetic valve B, a regeneration air outlet electromagnetic valve A and a regeneration air outlet electromagnetic valve B; the working air inlet electromagnetic valve A is connected with a dryer A, and the working air inlet electromagnetic valve B is connected with a dryer B. A first throttling valve and a second throttling valve are further sequentially arranged between the dryer A and the dryer B. The dryer A is connected with the dryer B through the first throttling valve and the second throttling valve. The dryer A is connected with a regeneration air outlet electromagnetic valve A. And the dryer B is connected with a regeneration air outlet electromagnetic valve B. The integrated hydrogen production is not affected by purification of the dryer and is suspended, and the problems that in the prior art, a hydrogen production system cannot continuously produce high-purity hydrogen, and gas supply is interrupted are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of hydrogen production by water electrolysis, and in particular to a small distributed hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated machine. BACKGROUND

[0002] The development history of hydrogen production by water electrolysis can be traced back to the discovery of electrolysis by Faraday in the 19th century. In the early stage, due to high energy consumption (more than 6 kWh / Nm3 of hydrogen production) and dependence on fossil energy for power supply, hydrogen production was only used in laboratories on a small scale. In the middle and late 20th century, with the maturity of alkaline electrolytic cell technology, the energy consumption was reduced to 4.5-5.5 kWh / Nm3, and it began to be applied in the chemical industry (such as the by-product hydrogen purification of ammonia synthesis). In the 21st century, proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolytic cell technology broke through, combined with renewable energy (photovoltaic, wind power) power supply, realizing "green hydrogen" production, and at the same time, the equipment evolved towards miniaturization and distribution (such as hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated machines suitable for hydrogen energy forklifts / unmanned aerial vehicles), promoting hydrogen production by water electrolysis from an industrial auxiliary means to a clean energy core supply mode.

[0003] In the early stage, the hydrogen production scale was small, and the application scenarios had relatively low requirements for hydrogen purity. For example, in some simple industrial reduction reactions, hydrogen purity only needs to reach 90%-95% to meet the demand. At this time, the purification methods used are mainly simple physical filtration, condensation and water removal, etc., and the regeneration demand of the adsorbent is not prominent, because the adsorbent has a slow performance degradation rate under relatively loose impurity adsorption conditions. With the in-depth application of hydrogen energy in fields such as fuel cell vehicles and distributed energy stations, the requirement for hydrogen purity has been sharply increased, such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells requiring hydrogen purity (mole fraction) to be greater than or equal to 99.97%, and even some high-end applications requiring greater than or equal to 99.999%. Under this background, traditional simple purification methods cannot meet the demand, and advanced purification technologies such as pressure swing adsorption have emerged.

[0004] In the technology of pressure swing adsorption, etc., the adsorbent will adsorb a large amount of impurities over time, and its adsorption active sites will be gradually occupied, resulting in a decrease in adsorption performance. If regeneration is not performed, high-purity hydrogen cannot be continuously produced, and the demand of strict application scenarios cannot be met. Researchers have tried various methods to solve the adsorbent regeneration problem. In the early stage, the heating regeneration method was adopted, which can make the impurities on the adsorbent desorb by increasing the temperature. However, this method has high energy consumption, and frequent high-temperature environments can easily cause damage to the structure of the adsorbent, shortening its service life. Later, the pressure swing adsorption regeneration technology was developed, which can realize the regeneration of the adsorbent by using pressure changes. Compared with heating regeneration, the energy consumption is reduced. However, single-tower pressure swing adsorption has obvious defects. In the regeneration process, the hydrogen production system cannot continuously produce high-purity hydrogen, and the gas supply will be interrupted, which cannot meet the demand for continuous and stable hydrogen supply. SUMMARY

[0005] The application aims to provide a small distributed electrolysis water hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated machine, which adopts dryers A and B for alternate regeneration, one regeneration and the other normal drying, reciprocating circulation, has the advantages of fast regeneration speed, meets the continuous gas supply demand of "two towers alternating work, 10 minutes a cycle", solves the technical problem of "single drying tower regeneration process leading to gas supply interruption, unable to meet the continuous and stable hydrogen supply demand" in the prior art, and simultaneously discloses a hydrogen production module, a pressurized hydrogen storage module and a hydrogenation module, which are compact and ingenious in structure design, realize electrolysis water hydrogen production and hydrogenation integration and miniaturization, and are suitable for distributed hydrogen supply scenarios. A small distributed electrolysis water hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated machine, comprising a purification module, the purification module comprising a dryer A, a dryer B, a throttle valve one, a working inlet electromagnetic valve A, a working inlet electromagnetic valve B, a regeneration outlet electromagnetic valve A and a regeneration outlet electromagnetic valve B, wherein the above components of the purification module are connected with a PLC respectively; the working inlet electromagnetic valve A is connected with the dryer A, the working inlet electromagnetic valve B is connected with the dryer B, a throttle valve one is arranged between the dryer A and the dryer B, the dryer A is connected with the dryer B through the throttle valve one, the dryer A is connected with the regeneration outlet electromagnetic valve A, and the dryer B is connected with the regeneration outlet electromagnetic valve B.

[0006] Further, a throttle valve two is arranged between the throttle valve one and the dryer B, the dryer A is connected with the dryer B through the throttle valve one and the throttle valve two, and the throttle valve two is connected with the PLC.

[0007] Further, the hydrogen production module comprises a water purifier, an electromagnetic valve one, an oxygen-water separator, an electrolysis water supply pump, an air-cooled heat exchanger one, a precision filter and a PEM electrolytic cell, wherein the above components of the hydrogen production module are connected with the PLC respectively; the water purifier is connected with the oxygen-water separator through the electromagnetic valve one, the oxygen-water separator is connected with the electrolysis water supply pump, the electrolysis water supply pump is connected with the air-cooled heat exchanger one, the air-cooled heat exchanger one is connected with the precision filter, and the precision filter is connected with the PEM electrolytic cell.

[0008] Further, the hydrogen production module further comprises an air-cooled heat exchanger two, a hydrogen-water separator, a pipeline heater, a deoxidizer and an air-cooled heat exchanger three, wherein the above components of the hydrogen production module are connected with the PLC respectively; the PEM electrolytic cell is connected with the air-cooled heat exchanger two, the air-cooled heat exchanger two is connected with the hydrogen-water separator, the hydrogen-water separator is connected with the pipeline heater, the pipeline heater is connected with the deoxidizer, and the deoxidizer is connected with the air-cooled heat exchanger three.

[0009] Further, the electromagnetic valve one is connected with a water tank liquid level meter arranged in the pure water machine, the water tank liquid level meter is connected with the PLC; the air cooling heat exchanger one is connected with a temperature instrument, the temperature instrument is connected with the PLC; the PEM electrolytic cell is further connected with an oxygen water separator through a backwater pipeline, the oxygen water separator is connected with a emptying pipeline, the oxygen water separator is connected with the PLC; the air cooling heat exchanger three is connected with a working air inlet electromagnetic valve A and a working air inlet electromagnetic valve B respectively.

[0010] Further, the hydrogen storage module further comprises a buffer tank, a safety valve, a pneumatic input valve, an input pressure transmitter, a booster pump, an air compressor, a proportional unloading valve one, a cooler, a high-pressure relief valve, a booster pressure transmitter, a cylinder cut-off valve and a hydrogen storage cylinder, and the above-mentioned components of the hydrogen storage module are respectively connected with the PLC; the safety valve is arranged on the buffer tank, the buffer tank is connected with the booster pump through the pneumatic input valve, and the input pressure transmitter is further connected between the buffer tank and the booster pump; the booster pump is connected with the air compressor, the booster pump is further connected with the hydrogen storage cylinder, and the proportional unloading valve one, the cooler, the high-pressure relief valve, the booster pressure transmitter and the cylinder cut-off valve are sequentially connected between the booster pump and the hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0011] Further, the hydrogen storage module further comprises a hydrogen filling module, the hydrogen filling module comprises a pneumatic output valve, a filling adjusting valve, a filling pressure transmitter, a filling pressure relief valve, a proportional unloading valve two, a filling output port and a hydrogen delivery hose, and the above-mentioned components of the hydrogen filling module except the hydrogen delivery hose are respectively connected with the PLC; the pneumatic output valve is connected with the filling adjusting valve, the filling adjusting valve is connected with the filling pressure transmitter, the filling pressure transmitter is connected with the filling pressure relief valve, the filling pressure relief valve is connected with the proportional unloading valve two, and the proportional unloading valve two is connected with the filling output port, and the filling output port is connected with the hydrogen delivery hose.

[0012] Further, the buffer tank is connected with a dryer A through an air inlet valve A, and the buffer tank is connected with a dryer B through an air inlet valve B; the hydrogen storage cylinder is connected with a pneumatic output valve, and the air inlet valve A, the air inlet valve B and the pneumatic output valve are respectively connected with the PLC.

[0013] Further, a mass flow meter is arranged at the gas outlet of the PEM electrolytic cell, the mass flow meter is connected with the PLC, the working air inlet electromagnetic valve A and the working air inlet electromagnetic valve B are flow regulating valves, and the dynamic control of the regeneration gas proportioning method of the PLC comprises: 1) when the mass flow meter detects that the hydrogen production amount is ≥4Nm³ / h, i.e. full load, the regeneration gas proportioning is set to 5%; 2) when the mass flow meter detects that the hydrogen production amount is 2-4Nm³ / h, i.e. half load, the regeneration gas proportioning is set to 8%; 3) when the mass flow meter detects that the hydrogen production amount is <2Nm³ / h, i.e. low load, the regeneration gas proportioning is increased to 10%.

[0014] Further, a dew point instrument A is arranged between the air inlet valve A and the dryer A, a dew point instrument B is arranged between the air inlet valve B and the dryer B, a plurality of temperature sensors A are arranged in layers in the adsorbent layer of the dryer A, a plurality of temperature sensors B are arranged in layers in the adsorbent layer of the dryer B, the dew point instrument A, the dew point instrument B, the temperature sensor A and the temperature sensor B are connected with the PLC respectively, and the PLC adjusts the regeneration cycle as follows: 1), when the detected dew point value is less than or equal to -40 DEG C and the temperature peak value is less than or equal to 50 DEG C, it is determined that the adsorbent is not saturated, and the regeneration cycle is maintained for 10 minutes; 2), when the dew point value is greater than -40 DEG C and less than or equal to -35 DEG C, or the temperature peak value is greater than 50 DEG C and less than or equal to 60 DEG C, it is determined that the adsorbent is slightly saturated, the regeneration cycle is automatically shortened to 8 minutes, and the regeneration gas temperature is increased, the regeneration gas temperature is increased from room temperature to 40 DEG C through the pipeline heater, and the desorption is accelerated; 3), when the dew point value is greater than -35 DEG C or the temperature peak value is greater than 60 DEG C, it is determined that the adsorbent is heavily saturated, the regeneration cycle is automatically shortened to 6 minutes, and the "high-temperature regeneration mode" is started, that is, the pipeline heater is heated to 80 DEG C, and the adsorbent capacity is restored for 2 cycles.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present application has at least one of the following technical effects: 1, the small distributed hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated machine, integrated pure water device, hydrogen production part, pressurized hydrogen storage and hydrogenation part and electrical instrument control PLC part, through modular design realizes the integrated operation of hydrogen production, purification, pressurization and hydrogenation. The electrical instrument control part is connected with the pure water device, the hydrogen production part, the pressurized hydrogen storage and hydrogenation part respectively, for controlling the operating parameters of each part, monitoring the system state and realizing the automatic control and safety interlocking of the whole process. The equipment is small in size, flexible in deployment, suitable for distributed hydrogen energy supply scene, solves the problems of traditional equipment separation, low integration and insufficient safety.

[0016] 2, the small distributed hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated machine has fast regeneration speed: the pressure reduction quickly starts the desorption, the purging accelerates the removal of impurities, and the combination of the two controls the regeneration time of the dryer B within 5 minutes, meets the continuous gas supply demand of "two towers working alternately, 10 minutes a cycle", if only pressure reduction is used, the regeneration time needs more than 15 minutes, which cannot realize the alternating continuous gas supply. The hydrogen production system of the present application can continuously output high-purity hydrogen, and will not cause the gas supply interruption caused by the single drying tower regeneration process, and can meet the continuous and stable hydrogen supply demand.

[0017] 3, the drying tower adsorbent is completely regenerated: pure hydrogen purging can remove impurities in the deep pores of the adsorbent (deep impurities are difficult to remove by pressure reduction alone), so that the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent is restored to more than 95% of the initial state, ensuring that high-purity hydrogen can be stably produced during the subsequent operation of the dryer B.

[0018] 4、The purification process of the present application has low energy consumption and is suitable for small equipment: compared with the traditional "heating regeneration" (which consumes a large amount of electrical energy to heat the adsorbent), "depressurization + pure hydrogen purging" only needs to consume a small amount of product gas (5-10%), and does not require additional heating equipment, meeting the design requirements of small distributed equipment for "low energy consumption and compactness".

[0019] 5、The essence of the "purging + depressurization" of the saturated adsorbent to desorb impurities is to break the adsorption balance by "depressurization" (start desorption) and "pure hydrogen purging to dilute and remove impurities" (maintain desorption), which realizes the rapid and complete regeneration of the adsorbent through the synergistic effect of the two. This principle not only conforms to the basic laws of adsorption thermodynamics and mass transfer kinetics, but also precisely meets the core requirements of small distributed hydrogen production equipment for "continuous gas supply, high efficiency, energy saving and compactness", which is the key technology to ensure the stable operation of the two-tower pressure swing adsorption purification system.

[0020] 6、The present application closes the regeneration outlet valve of one dryer, and uses the pure hydrogen gas output from the other dryer to slowly charge the pressure of one dryer, so that the pressure of the dryer rises to close to the working pressure. If the dryer is directly switched to work, the internal pressure of the dryer without pressure charging will be much lower than the system pressure (close to atmospheric pressure), which will cause the high-pressure hydrogen gas to instantly flow into the dryer, causing the risk of high-pressure gas flow impact damage to the adsorbent.

[0021] 7、The pressure increasing transmitter of the present application is used to monitor the pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle. When the PLC judges that the hydrogen pressure reaches 45MPa, the pressure increasing pump is triggered to stop running to prevent overpressure.

[0022] 8、The safety valve is provided on the buffer tank of the present application. When the PLC judges that the pressure exceeds the set pressure of the safety valve, the safety valve is controlled to open, and the hydrogen gas with excessive pressure will be discharged through the low-pressure discharge port to avoid damage to the buffer tank.

[0023] 9、The input pressure transmitter and pneumatic input valve 29 are provided between the buffer tank and the pressure increasing pump of the present application. When the input pressure transmitter reaches the set value, the PLC controls the pneumatic input valve 29 and the pressure increasing pump to open to deliver hydrogen gas to the hydrogen storage bottle. Before the hydrogen gas enters the hydrogen storage bottle, it first passes through the proportional unloading valve I. When the pipeline pressure exceeds the set pressure of the proportional unloading valve I, the PLC controls the proportional unloading valve I to open, and the hydrogen gas with excessive pressure will be discharged through the high-pressure discharge port to avoid damage to the pipeline pressure.

[0024] 10. The filling regulating valve of the present application is used to regulate the hydrogen filling speed, the proportional unloading valve is used to discharge the overpressure hydrogen during the filling process, the filling pressure transmitter is connected with the pneumatic output valve B, when the pressure exceeds the set value, the PLC controls the pneumatic output valve B to close, stops the hydrogen filling, and the filling pressure relief valve is used to discharge the high-pressure hydrogen between the pipeline and the unmanned aerial vehicle gas cylinder after the hydrogen filling.

[0025] 11. Another embodiment of the present application is different from the prior art in that two throttle valves, i.e. throttle valve one and throttle valve two, are adopted to establish a staged throttling structure: two-stage throttle valves are arranged on the regeneration gas pipeline, the primary throttle valve (close to the outlet of the dryer A) preliminarily reduces the product gas pressure from the working pressure (such as 1.2 MPa) to 0.5-0.6 MPa, and the secondary throttle valve (close to the inlet of the dryer B) is dynamically adjusted to the target regeneration pressure (0.3-0.4 MPa) according to the real-time hydrogen production load, avoiding the pressure fluctuation caused by single-stage throttling (the fluctuation range is reduced from ±0.1 MPa to ±0.02 MPa), ensuring the stability of the regeneration pressure, guaranteeing the efficient regeneration of the adsorbent, avoiding the waste of hydrogen, and being suitable for the gas production fluctuation scenario caused by the intermittent supply of unmanned aerial vehicles / forklifts in a distributed system.

[0026] 12. Another embodiment of the present application ensures sufficient supply of regeneration gas and complete regeneration of the adsorbent by real-time detection of the hydrogen production amount and dynamic adjustment of the regeneration gas proportion, stabilizes the drying effect, avoids the increase of the product gas waste rate when the regeneration gas is excessive, and is suitable for the gas production fluctuation scenario caused by the intermittent supply of unmanned aerial vehicles / forklifts in a distributed system.

[0027] 13. Another embodiment of the present application designs "on-line monitoring of dew point value / adsorbent layer temperature value + multi-parameter linkage adjustment of regeneration period", realizes the maintenance-free operation of the regeneration system in the distributed unmanned scenario, and solves the technical pain point of the prior art "fixed period cannot adapt to the attenuation of the adsorbent". BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0029] Figure 1 is a connection diagram of various components of the purification module of the present application; Figure 2 is a connection diagram of various components of the hydrogen production module of the present application Figure One (not including throttle valve two and dew point instrument); Figure 3Fig. 1 is a connection diagram of components of a hydrogen production module according to the present application; Figure 4 Fig. 2 is a plan layout diagram of a distributed hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated machine according to the present application; Figure 5 Fig. 3 is a connection diagram of components of a hydrogen production module according to the present application Figure Two (including throttle valve two and dew point instrument). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] 1-purification module; 2-dryer A; 3-dryer B; 4-throttle valve one; 5-working inlet electromagnetic valve A; 6-working inlet electromagnetic valve B; 7-regeneration outlet electromagnetic valve A; 8-regeneration outlet electromagnetic valve B; 9-PLC; 10-hydrogen production module; 11-purified water machine; 12-electromagnetic valve one; 13-oxygen-water separator; 14-electrolysis water supply pump; 15-air cooling heat exchanger one; 16-precision filter; 17-PEM electrolytic cell; 18-air cooling heat exchanger two; 19-hydrogen-water separator; 20-pipe heater; 21-deoxidizer; 22-air cooling heat exchanger three; 23-water tank liquid level meter; 24-backwater pipe; 25-evacuation pipe; 26-pressurized hydrogen storage module; 27-buffer tank; 28-safety valve; 29-pneumatic input valve; 30-input pressure transmitter; 31-pressurizing pump; 32-air compressor; 33-proportional unloading valve one; 34-cooler; 35-high pressure relief valve; 36-pressurizing pressure transmitter; 37-gas cylinder stop valve; 38-hydrogen storage cylinder; 39-pneumatic output valve; 40-filling regulating valve; 41-filling pressure transmitter; 42-filling relief valve; 43-proportional unloading valve two; 44-filling output port; 45-hydrogen delivery hose; 46-inlet valve A; 47-inlet valve B; 48-throttle valve two; 49-mass flow meter; 50-dew point instrument A; 51-dew point instrument B. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular sequences of steps, techniques, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present application can be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known methods, devices, and circuits are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.

[0032] It is to be understood that the terminology "including", when used in the present specification and accompanying claims, does not exclude the presence of other features, steps, operations, elements, and / or groups thereof.

[0033] It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to any one of the associated listed items, optionally, additional items, and all possible combinations of the associated listed items.

[0034] As used in the description of the application and the appended claims, the term “if’ can be interpreted to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a described condition or event] is detected” can be interpreted to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon [the described condition or event] being detected” or “in response to [the described condition or event] being detected,” depending on the context.

[0035] In addition, the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” etc. as used in the description of the application and the appended claims are merely used for distinguishing between similar underlying claims and are not meant to imply or suggest relative importance.

[0036] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” or “some embodiments” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the application. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment,” “in some embodiments,” “in other embodiments,” “in additional embodiments,” and so on, in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, unless otherwise specified by the context. The terms “including,” “containing,” “comprising,” and similar terms are meant to be open-ended and, unless otherwise noted, mean “including but not limited to.”

[0037] EMBODIMENTS

[0038] Referring to the drawings Figures 1-4 The application discloses a small-sized distributed water electrolysis hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated machine, which comprises a purification module 1, the purification module 1 comprises a dryer A2, a dryer B3, a throttle valve one 4, a working inlet electromagnetic valve A5, a working inlet electromagnetic valve B6, a regeneration outlet electromagnetic valve A7 and a regeneration outlet electromagnetic valve B8, and the above components of the purification module 1 are connected with a PLC 9 respectively; the working inlet electromagnetic valve A5 is connected with the dryer A2, the working inlet electromagnetic valve B6 is connected with the dryer B3, a throttle valve one 4 is further arranged between the dryer A2 and the dryer B3, the dryer A2 is connected with the dryer B3 through the throttle valve one 4, the dryer A2 is connected with the regeneration outlet electromagnetic valve A7, and the dryer B3 is connected with the regeneration outlet electromagnetic valve B8. The connection in the whole application is generally a connection through a gas pipeline.

[0039] The working steps of the purification module 1 are as follows: (1), the dryer A2 working inlet solenoid valve is opened, the hydrogen cooled to room temperature by air-cooled heat exchanger three 22 is dried by dryer A2, part of the product gas enters the dryer B3 regeneration through the throttle valve, the dryer B3 regeneration outlet solenoid valve is opened, the exhaust is vented, and the regeneration time is about 4 minutes and 30 seconds; (2), the dryer B3 regeneration outlet solenoid valve is closed, the dryer B3 is charged to reach or close to the working pressure, and the charging time is 30 seconds; (3), the dryer B3 working inlet solenoid valve and the dryer A2 regeneration outlet solenoid valve are opened, the dryer A2 working inlet solenoid valve is closed, the pressure of the dryer A2 is rapidly released, and part of the product gas enters the dryer A2 regeneration through the throttle valve, the dryer A2 regeneration outlet solenoid valve is opened, and the dryer A2 regeneration and the dryer B3 working state are entered; the exhaust is vented through the dryer A2 regeneration outlet solenoid valve, and the regeneration time is 4 minutes and 30 seconds; (4), the dryer A2 regeneration outlet solenoid valve is closed, the dryer A2 is charged to reach or close to the working pressure, and the charging time is 30 seconds; (5), the above is a cycle, the time is 10 minutes; the PLC 9 opens the above components in turn according to the working process sequence.

[0040] The adsorbent (such as molecular sieve, activated alumina) used for water removal in the dryer has not permanent adsorption capacity for water and impurities, but is based on the "adsorption equilibrium" state - when the concentration of impurity molecules (such as H2O molecules) around the adsorbent, system pressure, temperature meet a certain condition, the adsorption (impurity molecules adhere to the active site of the adsorbent) and desorption (impurity molecules separate from the active site) rate is equal, at this time the adsorbent reaches "saturation state" (can not effectively adsorb new impurities).

[0041] To restore the capacity of saturated adsorbent, the core is to break the original adsorption balance and force the balance to move to the "desorption direction", and "pressure reduction" and "purging" are the two different mechanisms that achieve this goal, and the synergistic effect of the two can greatly improve the desorption efficiency.

[0042] The detailed principle of "pressure reduction" for the desorption of impurities by the adsorbent: the core driving force to destroy the adsorption balance. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent is positively related to the system pressure (consistent with the "Langmuir adsorption isotherm" rule), the specific process is as follows: Adsorption stage (when the dryer A2 works): the dryer B3 is in the "regeneration state", and before that, the dryer B3 works, the system pressure is maintained at a high level (such as the conventional working pressure of 0.8-1.2 MPa of hydrogen production system). At this time, H2O and other impurity molecules have stronger force with the active sites of the adsorbent in the high pressure environment (similar to "high pressure pressing impurity molecules into adsorption sites"), and the adsorption rate is much larger than the desorption rate, and the impurities are fixed on the surface of the adsorbent, and finally reach saturation.

[0043] The pressure reduction phase (when the dryer B3 regeneration starts): The regeneration outlet valve of the dryer B3 is first opened, and the system pressure quickly drops from the working pressure to near atmospheric pressure (about 0.1 MPa). According to the adsorption equilibrium law, the decrease in pressure will cause the "adsorbent's adsorption capacity for impurities to decrease sharply" - at this time, the force of action between impurity molecules and active sites on the adsorbent decreases, and the desorption rate exceeds the adsorption rate, and the H2O molecules and trace amounts of CO2 and other impurities originally attached to the active sites begin to "actively detach" from the adsorbent and enter the gas phase space (the gas inside the dryer B3).

[0044] Key role: Pressure reduction is the core prerequisite for "starting desorption". Without pressure reduction, only the weak desorption of the adsorbent itself can restore activity in several hours or even longer, while pressure reduction can quickly break the adsorption equilibrium in a few minutes (such as the 30-second pressure reduction phase before charging in this patent) to create conditions for subsequent purging of impurities. The detailed principle of "pure hydrogen purging" for desorption of impurities from the adsorbent: accelerating impurity removal and continuously shifting the equilibrium.

[0045] Only by reducing pressure, the desorbed impurity molecules will remain in the gas phase inside the dryer B3, and as the concentration of impurities in the gas phase increases, a "new adsorption equilibrium" will be formed (the desorption rate again equals the adsorption rate), causing the desorption to stop. At this time, the role of "introducing 5-10% pure hydrogen purging" is to continuously break the new equilibrium and accelerate the desorption process by "diluting and removing" impurities: Dilute the concentration of impurities: The pure hydrogen gas (purity ≥ 99.97%, almost no H2O, CO2 and other impurities) output from the dryer A2 is reduced in pressure by a throttle valve (usually reduced to 0.3-0.5 MPa to avoid high pressure destroying the desorption equilibrium), and continuously introduced into the dryer B3. The influx of pure hydrogen gas will quickly dilute the concentration of impurities (such as H2O molecules) in the gas phase inside the dryer B3 (such as the concentration of H2O molecules from saturation to a very low level).

[0046] Push the equilibrium to continuously move in the direction of desorption: According to the principle of "mass transfer driving force", the impurity molecules on the surface of the adsorbent will diffuse to the "gas phase with lower concentration" (similar to water flowing from an area with high concentration to an area with low concentration). As the pure hydrogen gas continuously dilutes and removes impurities, the concentration of impurities in the gas phase is always maintained at a low level, and the impurity molecules on the surface of the adsorbent will continuously desorb into the gas phase, forming a continuous cycle of "desorption-dilution-removal", until the impurities on the surface of the adsorbent are basically removed.

[0047] Efficiency of impurity removal is enhanced: pure hydrogen is not only a "diluent", but also a "carrier gas" - the purging gas flow forms a directional flow (from the inlet end to the outlet end of the dryer B3), which directly "carries" the desorbed impurity molecules to the regeneration outlet electromagnetic valve, and finally is vented with the waste gas. This process avoids the "repeated adsorption-desorption" of the desorbed impurities inside the dryer B3, and improves the desorption efficiency by more than 30% (compared with pure pressure reduction desorption without purging).

[0048] The above two dryers of the present application are alternately purified, and the "purging + pressure reduction" technology is used, which has the following advantages compared with a single dryer working alone: 1) Fast regeneration speed: pressure reduction quickly starts desorption, and purging accelerates impurity removal. The combination of the two makes the regeneration time of the dryer B3 controlled within 5 minutes, meeting the continuous gas supply demand of "two towers working alternately, 10 minutes per cycle". If only pressure reduction is used, the regeneration time needs to be more than 15 minutes, which cannot realize alternating continuous gas supply. The hydrogen production system of the present application can continuously produce high-purity hydrogen, and will not cause gas supply interruption during the regeneration process of a single drying tower, and can meet the demand for continuous and stable hydrogen supply; 2) Complete regeneration of adsorbent: pure hydrogen purging can remove impurities in the deep pores of the adsorbent (deep impurities are difficult to remove by pressure reduction alone), so that the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent can be restored to more than 95% of the initial state, ensuring that the subsequent dryer B3 can stably produce high-purity hydrogen; 3) Low energy consumption, suitable for small devices: compared with the traditional "heating regeneration" (which consumes a large amount of electricity to heat the adsorbent), "pressure reduction + pure hydrogen purging" only needs to consume a small amount of product gas (5-10%), and does not require additional heating equipment, which meets the design requirements of small distributed devices for "low energy consumption and compactness".

[0049] "purging + pressure reduction" makes the essence of desorbing impurities from saturated adsorbent, which is to "break the adsorption balance by pressure reduction" (start desorption), and "purge with pure hydrogen to dilute and remove impurities" (maintain desorption), both of which work together to achieve fast and complete regeneration of the adsorbent. This principle not only conforms to the basic laws of adsorption thermodynamics and mass transfer kinetics, but also precisely meets the core needs of small distributed hydrogen production devices for "continuous gas supply, high efficiency and energy saving, and compactness", which is a key technology to ensure the stable operation of the two-tower pressure swing adsorption purification system.

[0050] The regeneration outlet valve of the dryer B3 is closed, and the pure hydrogen output from the dryer A2 is used to slowly pressurize the dryer B3, so that the pressure of B rises to close to the working pressure (consistent with A, usually 0.8-1.5 MPa).

[0051] If the dryer B3 is not pre-charged with pure hydrogen from the dryer A2, but is directly switched to work, the internal pressure of B, which is far lower than the system pressure (close to normal pressure), will cause high-pressure hydrogen to rush into B instantly, causing two major problems: 1) Airflow impact: high-pressure airflow impact can damage the adsorbent (such as molecular sieve particle breakage), affecting the adsorption efficiency and service life; 2) Purity fluctuation: a small amount of residual exhaust gas (containing impurities) in B under low pressure will be instantly brought into the product gas, causing a temporary drop in hydrogen purity.

[0052] The pre-charging step avoids pressure surges by slowly increasing the pressure, ensuring stable hydrogen purity during switching, while protecting the adsorbent.

[0053] In specific implementation, the small distributed water electrolysis hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated machine of the present application further comprises a hydrogen production module 10, which comprises a pure water machine 11, a solenoid valve 12, an oxygen-water separator 13, an electrolysis water supply pump 14, an air-cooled heat exchanger 15, a precision filter 16, a PEM electrolytic cell 17, an air-cooled heat exchanger 18, a hydrogen-water separator 19, a pipe heater 20, a deoxidizer 21, an air-cooled heat exchanger 22, and the above-mentioned components of the hydrogen production module 10 are respectively connected with the PLC 9; the pure water machine 11 is connected with the oxygen-water separator 13 through the solenoid valve 12, the oxygen-water separator 13 is connected with the electrolysis water supply pump 14, the electrolysis water supply pump 14 is connected with the air-cooled heat exchanger 15, the air-cooled heat exchanger 15 is connected with the precision filter 16, the precision filter 16 is connected with the PEM electrolytic cell 17, the PEM electrolytic cell 17 is connected with the air-cooled heat exchanger 18, the air-cooled heat exchanger 18 is connected with the hydrogen-water separator 19, the hydrogen-water separator 19 is connected with the pipe heater 20, the pipe heater 20 is connected with the deoxidizer 21, and the deoxidizer 21 is connected with the air-cooled heat exchanger 22.

[0054] The solenoid valve 12 is connected with a water tank liquid level meter 23 arranged in the pure water machine 11, and the water tank liquid level meter 23 is connected with the PLC 9; the air-cooled heat exchanger 15 is connected with a temperature instrument (not shown), and the temperature instrument is connected with the PLC 9; the PEM electrolytic cell 17 is further connected with the oxygen-water separator 13 through a backwater pipe 24, the oxygen-water separator 13 is connected with a emptying pipe 25, and the oxygen-water separator 13 is connected with the PLC 9; the air-cooled heat exchanger 22 is respectively connected with a working inlet electromagnetic valve A5 and a working inlet electromagnetic valve B6.

[0055] In specific implementation, the small distributed water electrolysis hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated machine further comprises a pressurized hydrogen storage module 26, which comprises a buffer tank 27, a safety valve 28, a pneumatic input valve 29, an input pressure transmitter 30, a pressurizing pump 31, an air compressor 32, a proportional unloading valve 33, a cooler 34, a high-pressure relief valve 35, a pressurizing pressure transmitter 36, a cylinder cut-off valve 37 and a hydrogen storage cylinder 38, and the components of the pressurized hydrogen storage module 26 are connected to the PLC 9 respectively; the safety valve 28 is arranged on the buffer tank 27, the buffer tank 27 is connected to the pressurizing pump 31 through the pneumatic input valve 29, and the input pressure transmitter 30 is further connected between the buffer tank 27 and the pressurizing pump 31; the pressurizing pump 31 is connected to the air compressor 32; the pressurizing pump 31 is further connected to the hydrogen storage cylinder 38, and the proportional unloading valve 33, the cooler 34, the high-pressure relief valve 35, the pressurizing pressure transmitter 36 and the cylinder cut-off valve 37 are sequentially connected between the pressurizing pump 31 and the hydrogen storage cylinder 38.

[0056] In specific implementation, the small distributed water electrolysis hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated machine further comprises a hydrogenation module (39-45), which comprises a pneumatic output valve 39, a filling regulating valve 40, a filling pressure transmitter 41, a filling pressure relief valve 42, a proportional unloading valve 43, a filling output port 44 and a hydrogen delivery hose 45, and the components of the hydrogenation module except the hydrogen delivery hose 45 are connected to the PLC 9 respectively; the pneumatic output valve 39 is connected to the filling regulating valve 40, the filling regulating valve 40 is connected to the filling pressure transmitter 41, the filling pressure transmitter 41 is connected to the filling pressure relief valve 42, the filling pressure relief valve 42 is connected to the proportional unloading valve 43, the proportional unloading valve 43 is connected to the filling output port 44, and the filling output port 44 is connected to the hydrogen delivery hose 45.

[0057] The buffer tank 27 is connected to the dryer A2 through an air inlet valve A 46, and the buffer tank 27 is connected to the dryer B3 through an air inlet valve B 47; the hydrogen storage cylinder 38 is connected to the pneumatic output valve 39, and the air inlet valve A 46, the air inlet valve B 47 and the pneumatic output valve 39 are connected to the PLC 9 respectively.

[0058] The small distributed water electrolysis hydrogen production and hydrogenation method of the present application comprises the following steps: 1) The underground well water is filtered and purified by the water purifier 11 to form pure water, the electrolysis water pump 14 is started to pump water, the pure water enters the oxygen-water separator 13 through the electromagnetic valve 12 to remove oxygen, and then flows into the PEM electrolytic cell 17 after being adjusted in temperature by the air-cooled heat exchanger 15 and filtered by the precision filter 16, the electrolysis water is started, the oxygen and part of the pure water generated by electrolysis return to the oxygen-water separator 13 through the water return pipeline 24, the oxygen is discharged through the emptying pipeline 25, and the PLC 9 sequentially starts the components according to the working process sequence. 2), the hydrogen produced by electrolysis is cooled by air cooling heat exchanger two 18, enters the hydrogen-water separator 19 for gas-liquid separation, the separated hydrogen is heated to working temperature by pipeline heater 20, enters the deoxidizer 21 for deoxidation, and the deoxidized gas enters air cooling heat exchanger three 22, which cools the high-temperature hydrogen to room temperature and then enters the purification module 1, and PLC 9 opens the above components in turn according to the working process sequence; 3), the purification process includes the following sub-steps: (1), the dryer A2 working inlet electromagnetic valve is opened, the hydrogen cooled to room temperature by air cooling heat exchanger three 22 is dried by the dryer A2, part of the product gas enters the dryer B3 for regeneration through the throttle valve, the dryer B3 regeneration outlet electromagnetic valve is opened, the exhaust gas is vented, and the regeneration time is about 4 minutes and 30 seconds; (2), the dryer B3 regeneration outlet electromagnetic valve is closed, the dryer B3 is charged to reach or approach the working pressure, and the charging time is 30 seconds; (3), the dryer B3 working inlet electromagnetic valve and the dryer A2 regeneration outlet electromagnetic valve are opened, the dryer A2 working inlet electromagnetic valve is closed, the pressure of the dryer A2 is rapidly released, part of the product gas enters the dryer A2 for regeneration through the throttle valve, the dryer A2 regeneration outlet electromagnetic valve is opened, and the dryer A2 regeneration and the dryer B3 working state are entered; the exhaust gas is vented through the dryer A2 regeneration outlet electromagnetic valve, and the regeneration time is 4 minutes and 30 seconds; (4), the dryer A2 regeneration outlet electromagnetic valve is closed, the dryer A2 is charged to reach or approach the working pressure, and the charging time is 30 seconds; (5), the above is a cycle, the time is 10 minutes; the above components are opened in turn by PLC 9 according to the working process sequence.

[0059] 4), the purified hydrogen enters the buffer tank 27 through the inlet valve A46 or the inlet valve B47, the buffer tank 27 is provided with a safety valve 28, when the PLC 9 judges that the pressure exceeds the set pressure of the safety valve 28, the safety valve 28 is opened, and the hydrogen with too high pressure is discharged through the low-pressure discharge port; 5), the buffer tank 27 and the booster pump 31 are provided with an input pressure transmitter 30 and a pneumatic input valve 29, when the input pressure transmitter 30 reaches the set value, the PLC 9 controls the pneumatic input valve 29 and the booster pump 31 to open to deliver hydrogen to the hydrogen storage bottle 38, and the hydrogen passes through the proportional unloading valve one 33 before entering the hydrogen storage bottle 38, when the pipeline pressure exceeds the set pressure of the proportional unloading valve one 33, the PLC 9 controls the proportional unloading valve one 33 to open, and the hydrogen with too high pressure is discharged through the high-pressure discharge port; 6) The hydrogen passing through the proportional unloading valve 33 passes through the cooler 34, the high-pressure relief valve 35, the boost pressure transmitter 36 and the gas cylinder stop valve 37 in sequence and enters the hydrogen storage bottle 38. The cooler 34 is used to cool the hydrogen, and the boost pressure transmitter 36 is used to monitor the pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle 38. When the PLC 9 determines that the hydrogen pressure reaches 45 MPa, it triggers the boost pump 31 to stop running to prevent overpressure; The air compressor 32 provides the driving air source for the boost pump 31, and the high-pressure relief valve 35 is used to drain the hydrogen when the system is shut down. The gas cylinder shut-off valve 37 is the "switch and safety barrier" between the hydrogen storage bottle 38 and the hydrogenation pipeline: (1) Normally closed, it is opened when the drone needs to be refueled to control the high-pressure hydrogen entering the hydrogenation hose; (2) Interlocked with the boost pressure transmitter 36, if the pipeline pressure exceeds the set value during the hydrogenation process, it is immediately closed to cut off the gas source to prevent the risk of overpressure; (3) Closed after hydrogenation is completed, isolating the hydrogen storage bottle 38 from the external pipeline to prevent hydrogen leakage.

[0060] 7) The gas in the gas cylinder passes through the gas cylinder stop valve 37, pneumatic output valve 39, pressure transmitter, pneumatic switch valve B, filling regulating valve 40, filling pressure transmitter 41, filling pressure relief valve 42, proportional unloading valve 2 43, filling output port 44 and hydrogen delivery hose 45 to fill hydrogen into external equipment. PLC9 starts the above components in sequence according to the working process sequence; When external equipment such as drones need to be refueled with hydrogen, PLC9 controls the gas cylinder shut-off valve 37 and the pneumatic output valve 39 to open, and at the same time opens the filling regulating valve 40 to adjust the hydrogen filling speed. The proportional unloading valve 2 43 is used to discharge the overpressure hydrogen during the filling process. The filling pressure transmitter 41 is interlocked with the pneumatic output valve 39. When the pressure exceeds the set value, PLC9 controls the pneumatic output valve 39 to close and stop hydrogenation. The filling pressure relief valve 42 is used to discharge the high-pressure hydrogen between the pipeline and the drone gas cylinder after hydrogenation.

[0061] For specific implementation, see the attached Figure 5 In this embodiment, a throttle valve 2 48 is further added between the throttle valve 1 4 and the dryer B3. The dryer A2 is connected to the dryer B3 through the throttle valve 1 4 and the throttle valve 2 48. The throttle valve 2 48 is also connected to the PLC 9. The throttle valve 1 4 is close to the outlet of the dryer A2, and the throttle valve 2 48 is close to the outlet of the dryer B3.

[0062] A mass flow meter 49 is provided at the gas outlet of the PEM electrolyzer 17. The mass flow meter 49 is connected to the PLC 9. The working air intake solenoid valve A5 and the working air intake solenoid valve B6 are flow regulating valves. The PLC 9 is used to dynamically control the regeneration gas ratio according to the fluctuation of hydrogen production. The method includes: 1) When the mass flow meter 49 detects that the hydrogen production is ≥ 4 Nm³ / h, that is, at full load, the regeneration gas ratio is set to 5%; 2) When the mass flow meter 49 detects that the hydrogen production is 2-4 Nm³ / h, that is, half load, the regeneration gas ratio is set to 8%; 3) When the mass flow meter 49 detects that the hydrogen production is less than 2 Nm³ / h, that is, when the load is low, the regeneration gas ratio is increased to 10%.

[0063] When the distributed system's hydrogen production decreases due to intermittent refueling by drones / forklifts (for example, from 5Nm³ / h at full load to 2Nm³ / h), a fixed proportion (such as 5-10%) of regeneration gas will lead to the following problems: 1) When the regeneration gas is insufficient, the adsorbent is not completely regenerated, and the subsequent drying effect is reduced; 2) When the regeneration gas is excessive, the product gas waste rate increases. For example, distributed scenarios are more sensitive to energy consumption / gas consumption.

[0064] To address the aforementioned issues, the present invention differs from the prior art in its use of two throttle valves, namely, throttle valve 1 4 and throttle valve 2 48, establishing a graded throttling structure: a "two-stage throttle valve" is installed on the regeneration gas pipeline. The first throttle valve (near the outlet of dryer A2) initially reduces the product gas pressure from the operating pressure (e.g., 1.2 MPa) to 0.5-0.6 MPa. The second throttle valve (near the inlet of dryer B3) dynamically adjusts the pressure to the target regeneration pressure (0.3-0.4 MPa) based on the real-time hydrogen production load, avoiding the pressure fluctuations caused by single-stage throttling (the fluctuation range is reduced from ±0.1 MPa to ±0.02 MPa), ensuring stable regeneration pressure. The reasons why the second-stage throttling can reduce the fluctuation range from ±0.1 MPa to ±0.02 MPa are analyzed as follows: "Single-stage throttling" means that high-pressure gas (such as 1.2MPa pure hydrogen at the outlet of dryer A2) is reduced to the target pressure (such as 0.3MPa required for regeneration) through only one throttle valve; while "pressure fluctuation" means that the actual pressure of the gas after decompression is not stable at 0.3MPa, but fluctuates around the target value.

[0065] In terms of the cause, in a distributed hydrogen production scenario, the hydrogen production system's hydrogen production will fluctuate due to intermittent refueling from drones / forklifts (for example, from 5Nm³ / h to 2Nm³ / h), resulting in unstable throttle valve inlet pressure (which may vary between 1.1-1.3MPa). A single-stage throttle valve regulates pressure with only a single pressure-reducing action, and its "buffering capacity" for inlet pressure changes is weak. When the inlet pressure increases by 0.1MPa (from 1.2MPa to 1.3MPa), the outlet pressure after single-stage throttling may also increase by 0.1MPa (from 0.3MPa to 0.4MPa). When the inlet pressure decreases by 0.1MPa (from 1.2MPa to 1.1MPa), the outlet pressure may also decrease by 0.1MPa (from 0.3MPa to 0.2MPa), ultimately resulting in a fluctuation range of "±0.1MPa."

[0066] And after the improved two-stage or multi-stage throttling scheme, even if the inlet pressure still fluctuates, the outlet pressure is greatly compressed after two-stage throttling: for example, when the target regeneration pressure is 0.3MPa, the actual pressure will only change between 0.28-0.32MPa. This is because the pressure fluctuation of single-stage throttling is large, and the root cause is that the total pressure difference needs to be borne at once (for example, from 1.2MPa directly to 0.1MPa, the total pressure difference is 1.1MPa), and the fluid is prone to pressure shock due to "flow rate sudden change" and "flow state disorder" when throttling in a single large pressure difference; two-stage throttling will "segment the total pressure difference", for example: First-stage throttling: first reduce the high pressure (e.g. 1.2MPa) to "intermediate transition pressure" (e.g. 0.5MPa), bearing a pressure difference of 0.7MPa, even if there is a fluctuation (e.g. ±0.1MPa), it only affects the intermediate pressure (0.4-0.6MPa after fluctuation); Second-stage throttling: reduce the intermediate pressure (0.5MPa) to the target pressure (0.1MPa), bearing a pressure difference of 0.4MPa, even if there is a ±0.1MPa fluctuation in the first stage, after the second-stage "secondary pressure stabilization", the final fluctuation will be compressed (±0.1MPa fluctuation under 0.4MPa pressure difference, transmitted to the outlet only ±0.02MPa).

[0067] After the total pressure difference is split, the "pressure regulation load" of each stage of throttling is reduced, and the fluctuation amplitude of single regulation is naturally reduced, and the fluctuation of the previous stage will be "corrected twice". Three or more corrections can also be set according to actual conditions.

[0068] This small fluctuation ("fluctuation range reduced to ±0.02MPa") is crucial to the regeneration effect - if the regeneration pressure fluctuates too much (e.g. ±0.1MPa), a too high pressure may cause the adsorbent to be over desorbed (waste of regeneration gas), and a too low pressure will result in incomplete desorption of impurities (affecting the subsequent drying effect); after being reduced to ±0.02MPa, the regeneration pressure is always stable in the optimal range, ensuring efficient regeneration of the adsorbent and avoiding waste of hydrogen, perfectly meeting the requirements of distributed systems for regeneration stability.

[0069] Meanwhile, to solve the above problems, the mass flow meter 49 is connected to the PLC 9, and the working inlet electromagnetic valve A5 and the working inlet electromagnetic valve B6 are set as flow regulating valves, referring to the attached Figure 2 , the PLC 9 is used to dynamically control the regeneration gas proportion according to the hydrogen production fluctuation, and the method comprises: 1), when the mass flow meter 49 detects that the hydrogen production is ≥4Nm³ / h, i.e. full load, the regeneration gas proportion is set to 5%; 2), when the mass flow meter 49 detects that the hydrogen production is 2-4Nm³ / h, i.e. half load, the regeneration gas proportion is set to 8%; 3) When the mass flow meter 49 detects that the hydrogen production is < 2 Nm³ / h, i.e. low load, the regeneration gas ratio is increased to 10%.

[0070] The advantages are as follows: by real-time detection of hydrogen production and dynamic adjustment of the regeneration gas ratio, sufficient regeneration gas supply is ensured, the adsorbent is completely regenerated, the drying effect is stable, and at the same time, the product gas waste rate is prevented from rising when the regeneration gas is excessive.

[0071] In specific implementation, refer to the attached Figure 5 The application also includes a dew point instrument A50 arranged between the inlet valve A46 and the dryer A2, a dew point instrument B51 arranged between the inlet valve B47 and the dryer B3, a plurality of temperature sensors A (not shown) arranged in layers in the adsorbent layer of the dryer A2, a plurality of temperature sensors B (not shown) arranged in layers in the adsorbent layer of the dryer B3, the dew point instrument A50, the dew point instrument B51, the temperature sensors A and the temperature sensors B are connected to the PLC 9 respectively, and the PLC 9 dynamically adjusts the regeneration cycle as follows: 1) When the dew point value is ≤-40℃ and the temperature peak value is ≤50℃, it is determined that the adsorbent is not saturated, and the 10-minute regeneration cycle is maintained; 2) When the dew point value is >-40℃ and ≤-35℃, or the temperature peak value is >50℃ and ≤60℃, it is determined that the adsorbent is slightly saturated, the regeneration cycle is automatically shortened to 8 minutes, and the regeneration gas temperature is increased, the regeneration gas temperature is increased from room temperature to 40℃ by the pipeline heater 20, and the desorption is accelerated; 3) When the dew point value is >-35℃ or the temperature peak value is >60℃, it is determined that the adsorbent is severely saturated, the regeneration cycle is automatically shortened to 6 minutes, and the "high-temperature regeneration mode" is started, i.e. the pipeline heater 20 is heated to 80℃, and the adsorbent capacity is restored for 2 cycles.

[0072] For distributed scenarios, the core function of the adsorbent is to adsorb impurities such as water in hydrogen through the pore structure, and its adsorption capacity (the amount of impurities captured per unit volume of adsorbent) decays over time - new adsorbent can completely adsorb impurities in 10 minutes, while after decaying by 20%, it can only adsorb 80% of the impurities in the same time, and if the original cycle is still maintained, the unadsorbed impurities will enter the downstream with hydrogen, resulting in a decrease in product gas purity (such as an increase in dew point); Shortening the cycle (such as from 10 minutes to 8 minutes) can reduce the accumulation of impurities in a single adsorption stage: originally, 100% of the impurities need to be adsorbed in 10 minutes, and after decaying, only 80% of the impurities need to be adsorbed in 8 minutes, which matches the decreased adsorption capacity, ensuring that the adsorbent is switched to the regeneration state in time before it is "saturated", avoiding impurity breakthrough. At the same time, combined with appropriate increase in the regeneration gas ratio or temperature, the regeneration effect can be enhanced, and the adsorbent activity can be partially restored, so that the product gas purity can still meet the standard in the case of performance decay.

[0073] Prior solutions adopt a fixed cycle regeneration (e.g., 10 minutes per cycle), but do not take into account the problem of the decay of the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent over time. In a distributed scenario, the equipment is mostly operated unattended (e.g., a remote unmanned aerial vehicle supply station), and if a fixed cycle regeneration is used, when the adsorbent decays (e.g., the adsorption capacity decreases by 20% after 6 months of use), the fixed cycle cannot meet the drying requirements (the dew point of hydrogen gas rises from -40 DEG C to -20 DEG C, which does not meet the requirements of fuel cells), and manual on-site adjustment of the regeneration cycle is required, resulting in high maintenance costs.

[0074] To solve this problem, the present application further designs "online monitoring + multi-parameter linkage adjustment" on the basis of the above-mentioned fixed cycle regeneration, realizes the maintenance-free operation of the regeneration system in a distributed unattended scenario, and solves the technical pain point of the prior art that "the fixed cycle cannot adapt to the decay of the adsorbent".

[0075] The selection of specific parameters in the above-mentioned embodiments is only for clearly explaining how to implement the concept, and is not a limitation on the concept embodied by the solution, i.e., within the concept protection range, the specific parameters can be adjusted according to the actual situation.

Claims

1. A small-scale distributed electrolysis water hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated machine, comprising a purification module (1), characterized in that: The purification module (1) comprises a dryer A (2), a dryer B (3), a throttle valve 1 (4), a working air inlet solenoid valve A (5), a working air inlet solenoid valve B (6), a regeneration air outlet solenoid valve A (7), and a regeneration air outlet solenoid valve B (8). The above components of the purification module (1) are respectively connected to a PLC (9); the working air inlet solenoid valve A (5) is connected to the dryer A (2), the working air inlet solenoid valve B (6) is connected to the dryer B (3), a throttle valve 1 (4) is provided between the dryer A (2) and the dryer B (3), the dryer A (2) is connected to the dryer B (3) via the throttle valve 1 (4), the dryer A (2) is connected to the regeneration air outlet solenoid valve A (7), and the dryer B (3) is connected to the regeneration air outlet solenoid valve B (8).

2. The small-scale distributed water electrolysis hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a throttle valve 2 (48), which is arranged between the throttle valve 1 (4) and the dryer B (3). The dryer A (2) is connected to the dryer B (3) through the throttle valve 1 (4) and the throttle valve 2 (48), and the throttle valve 2 (48) is connected to the PLC (9).

3. The small-scale distributed water electrolysis hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also includes a hydrogen production module (10), wherein the hydrogen production module (10) includes a water purifier (11), a solenoid valve (12), an oxygen-water separator (13), an electrolysis water supply pump (14), an air-cooled heat exchanger (15), a precision filter (16) and a PEM electrolyzer (17), and the above-mentioned components of the hydrogen production module (10) are respectively connected to the PLC (9); the water purifier (11) is connected to the oxygen-water separator (13) through the solenoid valve (12), the oxygen-water separator (13) is connected to the electrolysis water supply pump (14), the electrolysis water supply pump (14) is connected to the air-cooled heat exchanger (15), the air-cooled heat exchanger (15) is connected to the precision filter (16), and the precision filter (16) is connected to the PEM electrolyzer (17).

4. The small-scale distributed water electrolysis hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated machine as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The hydrogen production module (10) further includes an air-cooled heat exchanger 2 (18), a hydrogen-water separator (19), a pipe heater (20), a deoxidizer (21) and an air-cooled heat exchanger 3 (22). The above components of the hydrogen production module (10) are respectively connected to the PLC (9); the PEM electrolyzer (17) is connected to the air-cooled heat exchanger 2 (18), the air-cooled heat exchanger 2 (18) is connected to the hydrogen-water separator (19), the hydrogen-water separator (19) is connected to the pipe heater (20), the pipe heater (20) is connected to the deoxidizer (21), and the deoxidizer (21) is connected to the air-cooled heat exchanger 3 (22).

5. The small-scale distributed water electrolysis hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated machine as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The electromagnetic valve 1 (12) is connected to a water tank level gauge (23) provided in the pure water machine (11), and the water tank level gauge (23) is connected to the PLC (9); the air-cooled heat exchanger 1 (15) is connected to a temperature meter, and the temperature meter is connected to the PLC (9); the PEM electrolyzer (17) is also connected to the oxygen-water separator (13) through a return water pipe (24), and the oxygen-water separator (13) is connected to an emptying pipe (25), and the oxygen-water separator (13) is connected to the PLC (9); the air-cooled heat exchanger 3 (22) is respectively connected to the working air intake electromagnetic valve A (5) and the working air intake electromagnetic valve B (6).

6. The small-scale distributed water electrolysis hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated machine as claimed in claim 1 further comprises a pressurized hydrogen storage module (26), characterized in that: The pressurized hydrogen storage module (26) comprises a buffer tank (27), a safety valve (28), a pneumatic input valve (29), an input pressure transmitter (30), a booster pump (31), an air compressor (32), a proportional unloading valve (33), a cooler (34), a high-pressure relief valve (35), a boost pressure transmitter (36), a gas cylinder stop valve (37) and a hydrogen storage bottle (38). The above components of the pressurized hydrogen storage module (26) are respectively connected to the PLC (9); the buffer tank (27) A safety valve (28) is provided on the buffer tank (27), the buffer tank (27) is connected to the booster pump (31) through the pneumatic input valve (29), and an input pressure transmitter (30) is connected between the two. The booster pump (31) is connected to the air compressor (32), and the booster pump (31) is also connected to the hydrogen storage bottle (38), and a proportional unloading valve (33), a cooler (34), a high-pressure relief valve (35), a boost pressure transmitter (36), and a gas cylinder stop valve (37) are sequentially connected between the two.

7. The small-scale distributed water electrolysis hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated machine according to claim 6 further comprises a hydrogenation module, characterized in that: The hydrogenation module comprises a pneumatic output valve (39), a filling regulating valve (40), a filling pressure transmitter (41), a filling pressure relief valve (42), a proportional unloading valve (43), a filling output port (44) and a hydrogen delivery hose (45). The above components of the hydrogenation module except the hydrogen delivery hose (45) are respectively connected to the PLC (9); the pneumatic output valve (39) is connected to the filling regulating valve (40), the filling regulating valve (40) is connected to the filling pressure transmitter (41), the filling pressure transmitter (41) is connected to the filling pressure relief valve (42), the filling pressure relief valve (42) is connected to the proportional unloading valve (43), the proportional unloading valve (43) is connected to the filling output port (44), and the filling output port (44) is connected to the hydrogen delivery hose (45).

8. The small-scale distributed water electrolysis hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated machine as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The buffer tank (27) is connected to the dryer A (2) via the air inlet valve A (46), and the buffer tank (27) is connected to the dryer B (3) via the air inlet valve B (47); the hydrogen storage bottle (38) is connected to the pneumatic output valve (39), and the air inlet valve A (46), the air inlet valve B (47), and the pneumatic output valve (39) are respectively connected to the PLC (9).

9. The small-scale distributed water electrolysis hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated machine as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A mass flow meter (49) is provided at the gas outlet of the PEM electrolyzer (17). The mass flow meter (49) is connected to the PLC (9). The working air intake solenoid valve A (5) and the working air intake solenoid valve B (6) are flow regulating valves. The method for dynamically controlling the regeneration gas ratio by the PLC (9) includes: 1) When the mass flow meter (49) detects that the hydrogen production is ≥ 4 Nm³ / h, that is, at full load, the regeneration gas ratio is set to 5%; 2) When the mass flow meter (49) detects that the hydrogen production is 2-4 Nm³ / h, that is, half load, the regeneration gas ratio is set to 8%; 3) When the mass flow meter (49) detects that the hydrogen production is less than 2 Nm³ / h, that is, when the load is low, the regeneration gas ratio is increased to 10%.

10. The small-scale distributed water electrolysis hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A dew point meter A (50) is provided between the air inlet valve A (46) and the dryer A (2), and a dew point meter B (51) is provided between the air inlet valve B (47) and the dryer B (3). A plurality of temperature sensors A are arranged in layers in the adsorbent layer of the dryer A (2), and a plurality of temperature sensors B are arranged in layers in the adsorbent layer of the dryer B (3). The dew point meter A (50), the dew point meter B (51), the temperature sensor A and the temperature sensor B are connected to the PLC (9) respectively. The steps of adjusting the regeneration cycle of the PLC (9) are as follows: 1) When the dew point value is ≤-40℃ and the temperature peak value is ≤50℃, it is determined that the adsorbent is not saturated and the regeneration cycle is maintained for 10 minutes; 2) If the dew point value is greater than -40°C and less than or equal to -35°C, or the temperature peak is greater than 50°C and less than or equal to 60°C, the adsorbent is judged to be slightly saturated, and the regeneration cycle is automatically shortened to 8 minutes. At the same time, the regeneration gas temperature is increased from room temperature to 40°C through the pipeline heater (20) to accelerate desorption; 3) When the dew point value is greater than -35°C or the temperature peak is greater than 60°C, the adsorbent is judged to be heavily saturated, and the regeneration cycle is automatically shortened to 6 minutes. At the same time, the "high temperature regeneration mode" is started, that is, the pipe heater (20) is heated to 80°C for 2 cycles to restore the adsorbent capacity.

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