Electrospinning nozzle capable of rapidly and efficiently preparing nanofibers

Abstract

The invention discloses an electrospinning nozzle capable of quickly and efficiently preparing nanofibers, which belongs to the technical field of electrostatic spinning and comprises a spinning cup, a discharge electrode, an electrode sleeve and a shielding shell. At least one electrode through hole is formed in a cup body of the spinning cup, an electrode sleeve is embedded in each electrode through hole, one end of the discharge electrode penetrates through the electrode sleeves and can move in the electrode sleeves, the top of the spinning cup penetrates outwards from the center of the interior of the shielding shell, and the top of the spinning cup is tightly connected with the shielding shell. The shielding shell surrounds the cup body and the discharge electrode, a wire of the discharge electrode penetrates through the shielding shell and then is connected with a power source, and charges from the power source are directly guided into the spinning solution. The device has the characteristics of closed quantitative liquid feeding and excitation of self-recombination multi-jet flow, and has the advantage of being capable of safely, stably and continuously preparing the nanofiber material with the controllable structure and quality at a high speed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of electrospinning, and more particularly relates to an electrospinning nozzle capable of rapidly and efficiently preparing nanofibers. BACKGROUND

[0002] Nanofiber materials have been widely and deeply applied in the fields of industrial gas-liquid filtration, personal protection, biological medicine, beauty and health, electronic sensing, energy and environment, national defense and aviation, etc. due to their excellent adsorption, separation and barrier properties, and have been scaled / industrialized in some fields such as air and liquid filtration. Electrospinning technology is a relatively simple nanofiber macro-preparation technology, and various types of electrospinning technologies have been applied to the preparation of nanofiber materials in various fields. However, there is no mature and perfect electrospinning technology that can be quickly promoted for use at present, because each technology has its own problems and shortcomings.

[0003] According to the mechanism of the electrospinning process, the scaled electrospinning technology is mainly divided into two categories: one is capillary electrospinning, mainly including multi-needle, multi-micropore and various types of multi-nozzle electrospinning technology; the other is non-capillary electrospinning, mainly including various needle-free electrospinning technologies. However, both of the existing two electrospinning technologies have many problems affecting the yield of nanofibers, the electrospinning process and the quality of the electrospinning membrane product. For example, the capillary electrospinning technology has the advantages of controllable liquid feeding, uniform fiber fineness and uniform electrospinning membrane structure, but also has many problems, including: (1) low yield, easy needle hole blockage and easy liquid dripping during downward spinning; (2) when the multi-needle is linearly arranged, there is a serious End effect phenomenon: due to uneven distribution of electric field strength, the nanofibers are unevenly distributed along the transverse direction, the electrospinning membrane structure (thickness) is uneven, and the spinning jets in the needles on both sides fly to both sides under the action of strong electric field force, forming flying, wasting raw materials and reducing yield; (3) the spinning efficiency, yield and quality are difficult to reach the theoretical expected value. The advantages are: high electric field strength, thin fibers can be obtained at low voltage, the electrospinning process is relatively safe and the energy consumption is low; closed controllable liquid feeding, the obtained nanofiber fineness is uniform.

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the needle type electrospinning technology, the Czech electrospinning researchers proposed a non-capillary (needle-free) electrospinning technology based on the liquid film emission principle of free liquid surface recombination, so that the yield of nanofibers is greatly improved, and there is no need to worry about needle clogging and liquid droplet splashing problems, but there are still the following problems, including: (1) the spinning head rotation is liquid, the liquid amount / liquid feeding rate is uncontrollable, and the fiber thickness is uneven; (2) the End effect phenomenon and the uneven field strength distribution still exist, but are weaker than the needle type; (3) the open spinning process is unstable, the continuous evaporation of the solvent in the spinning solution storage causes the spinning solution concentration to be inconsistent before and after the spinning process; the evaporation of the solvent on the spinning head causes the polymer to solidify, and the electric field strength of the spinning head is continuously weakened; (4) the circulating brush liquid type liquid supply mode affects the non-capillary electrospinning process, causing poor directional receiving of nanofibers and heavy waste of raw materials; (5) the spinning voltage is high, the energy consumption is large, and it is not recommended to use a large amount of organic solvent, otherwise there is a safety hazard of air breakdown, explosion and fire; (6) the spinning head needs to be discharged regularly, replaced and cleaned.

[0005] The above problems seriously restrict the industrialization implementation of the electrospinning technology and the rapid popularization and use of electrospun nanofiber materials in various related fields. SUMMARY

[0006] Therefore, the present application provides an electrospinning nozzle capable of rapidly and efficiently preparing nanofibers, which has the characteristics of closed quantitative liquid feeding and exciting self-reorganization multi-jet, and the advantages of safe, stable, continuous and high-speed preparation of nanofiber materials with controllable structure and quality.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] An electrospinning nozzle capable of rapidly and efficiently preparing nanofibers, comprising: a spinning cup, a discharge electrode, an electrode sleeve and a shielding shell.

[0009] At least one electrode through hole is arranged on the cup body of the spinning cup, one electrode sleeve is embedded in each electrode through hole, one end of the discharge electrode penetrates through the electrode sleeve and can move in the electrode sleeve, the discharge electrode is made of metal material, the top of the spinning cup penetrates from the inside center of the shielding shell outward, the top of the spinning cup is closely connected with the shielding shell, the shielding shell surrounds the cup body and the discharge electrode, and the lead wire of the discharge electrode is connected with the power supply after penetrating through the shielding shell.

[0010] Further, the shielding shell is in the shape of any symmetrical hollow structure, including a hollow cylindrical shape, and is made of non / micro-polar high polymer materials, including high polymer resin, ceramic, glass, wood and composite materials or coatings thereof, and is provided with a power supply interface, and the lead wire of the discharge electrode is connected with the power supply interface.

[0011] And / or, the inside of the spinning cup is provided with a liquid flow channel, and the outside is provided with a shielding shell made of insulating material, including plastic, ceramic, glass, wood or composite materials of these materials.

[0012] Further, the discharge electrode is made of metal, and the part in contact with the electrode through-hole is provided with an electrode sleeve made of metal. The discharge electrode can move up and down in the electrode sleeve to adjust the height of the exposed liquid surface, so that the top of the discharge electrode can be below, above or flush with the liquid surface.

[0013] Further, the shape of the spinning cup includes hollow cylindrical, hollow circular truncated cone, funnel, bowl, disc, wine cup, trophy or equilateral polygon, and the material of the spinning cup is selected from metal, plastic, ceramic, glass, wood or composite materials of these materials.

[0014] Further, the geometric center inside the spinning cup and / or the outer annular edge can be additionally provided with airflow channels to assist the spinning jet with high-speed airflow;

[0015] And / or, an insulating material isolation cap with a diameter smaller than the opening diameter of the spinning cup is added near the spinning liquid surface to prevent polymer solidification.

[0016] Further, the discharge electrode adopts one, and the top of the discharge electrode is located at the geometric center of the spinning cup.

[0017] Alternatively, the discharge electrode adopts multiple, and the multiple discharge electrodes are evenly distributed around the geometric center of the electrospinning nozzle in a ring shape. The top of the discharge electrode is a structure with a sharp end or a protrusion. The top shape of the discharge electrode includes cone, circular truncated cone, cylinder, polygonal prism or sphere. Alternatively, the top of the discharge electrode is a sharp structure added on the top of the cylinder. The top shape of the discharge electrode includes single needle, multiple needles, multi-angle star, trapezoid, rhombus, triangle, circle or ellipse.

[0018] Further, the discharge electrode can be selected as a ring-shaped metal wire, a ring-shaped sawtooth or a ring-shaped blade. At the same time, the structure of the electrode through-hole and the electrode sleeve is also changed to a ring-shaped slit.

[0019] Further, the discharge electrode can be selected as any shape and number of metal parts, which can be symmetrically or asymmetrically distributed in the spinning cup.

[0020] Further, the electrospinning nozzle can be connected to a DC high-voltage power supply, a high-voltage high-frequency AC power supply, an alternating current pulse power supply and a DC bias AC power supply. The electrospinning nozzle can be used for downward electrospinning or upward electrospinning.

[0021] Further, the structure of the spinning cup comprises an outer layer spinning cup body and an inner layer spinning cup body nested in the outer layer spinning cup body, the inner layer spinning cup body and the outer layer spinning cup body are coaxially arranged, the inner layer spinning cup body is internally provided with a first liquid supply channel, a second liquid supply channel is formed between the inner layer spinning cup body and the outer layer spinning cup body, the spinning liquid in the first liquid supply channel and the second liquid supply channel is the same or different, the cup wall of the outer layer spinning cup body and the cup wall of the inner layer spinning cup body are both provided with a plurality of discharge electrodes, and the plurality of discharge electrodes on the outer layer spinning cup body are symmetrically arranged with the center of the outer layer spinning cup body, and the plurality of discharge electrodes on the inner layer spinning cup body are symmetrically arranged with the center of the inner layer spinning cup body.

[0022] Further, the structure of the spinning cup comprises a main cup body in a hollow cylindrical structure and a plurality of sub-cup bodies located in the main cup body, one of the plurality of sub-cup bodies is located at the center of the main cup body, and the remaining sub-cup bodies are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the main cup body, a first spinning liquid channel is formed between the main cup body and the sub-cup body, the sub-cup body has a second spinning liquid channel, the spinning liquid in the first spinning liquid channel and the second spinning liquid channel is the same or different, a plurality of discharge electrodes are uniformly arranged on the wall of the main cup body, and one discharge electrode is embedded in each sub-cup body.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0024] (1) The present application adopts a closed quantitative liquid feeding, and the size of the entire electrospinning nozzle is extremely small, the volatilization of the solvent in the spinning liquid at the opening of the spinning cup is extremely small, so that the nano-fiber material with controllable structure and quality can be continuously and stably prepared.

[0025] (2) The principle of continuous recombination spontaneous emission of electrohydrodynamics can excite a plurality of jet flows arranged uniformly in a ring on the outer surface of the spinning liquid, greatly weakening or completely eliminating the flying phenomenon caused by the End effect (edge effect) and the corresponding raw material waste and yield reduction, and fully improving the yield of nano-fibers and the uniformity of electrospinning film structure.

[0026] (3) The discharge electrode is arranged in the spinning liquid, so that all the charges supplied by the power supply are directly delivered into the spinning liquid, and are all used for electrospinning, so that the spinning liquid surface can reach a very high electric field strength and charge density under a lower voltage, greatly improving the number of spinning jet flows, the efficiency of electrospinning and the yield of nano-fibers, so that the yield and speed of nano-fibers are high, the energy consumption is low, and the cost is low; at the same time, the spinning process is low in voltage and high in safety, and air breakdown and safety accidents caused by corona discharge are not easy to occur.

[0027] (4) The thicker liquid supply channel and the larger diameter of the spinning cup allow the spinning liquid to flow smoothly and prevent the spinning liquid from being blocked, which is conducive to the use of higher flow rates and higher concentrations of spinning liquid and allows higher nanofiber production. There will be no dripping or splashing during the electrospinning process, so the electrospinning process is continuous, stable, and controllable, which can further improve product quality and output.

[0028] (5) The spinning liquid flow channel is relatively wide and the liquid feeding volume is large, so the accuracy requirement for the liquid feeding volume (rate) is not high; the spinning cup size is small, so the levelness requirement is not high; the use of discharge electrodes requires a low voltage for electrospinning; the device structure is extremely simple, and it is extremely easy to expand on a large scale and implement industrialization.

[0029] (6) The electrospinning nozzle of the present invention integrates the advantages of existing capillary and non-capillary electrospinning technologies and eliminates the disadvantages of existing electrospinning technologies. It can achieve continuous, safe, stable, fast and efficient electrospinning and is used for large-scale preparation of nanofiber materials with controllable structure and quality.

[0030] (7) The electrospinning nozzle of the present invention can be connected to a DC high-voltage power supply, a high-voltage high-frequency AC power supply, an AC pulse power supply, and a DC bias AC power supply.

[0031] (8) The electrospinning nozzle of the present invention is used to prepare nanofiber materials by electrospinning, and nanofiber membranes, nanofiber flakes or nanofiber bundles / yarns can be obtained, and the obtained nanofibers are continuous filaments. The product has high mechanical strength and is easy to peel off from the receiving surface. After reinforcement, it can be independently supported and used.

[0032] (9) The auxiliary airflow can accelerate the volatilization of the solvent in the spinning jet, promote the curing speed of the polymer, prevent the adhesion between adjacent nanofibers, and improve the uniformity of nanofiber distribution in the product. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an electrospinning nozzle of the present invention that can quickly and efficiently prepare nanofibers.

[0035] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of different top structures of the discharge electrode.

[0036] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the annular sawtooth discharge electrode.

[0037] Figure 4 Structure diagram of the ring-shaped sawtooth discharge electrode.

[0038] Figure 5 The core-sheath bicomponent mixed electrospinning nozzle.

[0039] In the figure:

[0040] 10 - spinning cup; 20 - discharge electrode; 30 - shielding shell; 40 - electrode through hole; 50 - electrode sleeve; 60 - spinning solution; 70 - ring-shaped sawtooth discharge electrode; 80 - ring-shaped blade discharge electrode, 101 is an outer cup body, 1011 is a second liquid supply channel, 102 is an inner cup body, and 1021 is a first liquid supply channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of the present application.

[0042] Please refer to the accompanying Figures 1 to 5 The present application provides an electrospinning nozzle capable of quickly and efficiently preparing nanofibers, comprising: a spinning cup 10, a discharge electrode 20, an electrode sleeve 50, and a shielding shell 30.

[0043] The cup body of the spinning cup 10 is provided with at least one electrode through hole 40, one electrode sleeve 50 is embedded in each electrode through hole 40, one end of the discharge electrode 20 penetrates through the electrode sleeve 50 and can move in the electrode sleeve 50, the top of the spinning cup 10 penetrates from the inside center of the shielding shell 30 outward, the top of the spinning cup 10 is closely connected with the shielding shell 30, and the shielding shell 30 surrounds the cup body and the discharge electrode 20 to prevent the tail part of the discharge electrode 20 exposed outside the outer wall of the spinning cup 10 from causing electric field interference to the operation of surrounding electrical appliances and also to prevent electric shock accidents of operators, the wires of the discharge electrode 20 are connected together and then pass through the shielding shell 30 to be connected with a power supply, and the power supply can be a DC or high-frequency high-voltage AC power supply, a DC-AC bias power supply, or a positive / negative high-voltage pulse power supply. The shielding shell 30 is provided with a power supply interface, and the wires of the discharge electrode 20 are connected with the power supply interface.

[0044] The inside of the spinning cup 10 is provided with a liquid supply channel to uniformly supply liquid to the spinning cup 10, and the diameter of the liquid supply channel is 1-30 mm.

[0045] The electrode sleeve 50 is arranged at the contact position of the discharge electrode 20 and the electrode through hole 40, and is used for auxiliary positioning and vertical orientation of the discharge electrode 20, so as to adjust the distance of the discharge electrode 20 relative to the plane where the cup mouth of the spinning cup 10 is located or relative to the liquid surface of the spinning solution 60 in the spinning cup 10. The length of the electrode sleeve 50 is about 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the length of the discharge electrode 20.

[0046] The electrospinning nozzle is externally connected to a receiving device. The receiving device is selected from a slow rotary receiving device to obtain a nanofiber flake, a fast rotary receiving device to obtain a nanofiber membrane material, a ring-shaped winding receiving device or a cup-shaped winding receiving device to obtain a nanofiber yarn.

[0047] The shape of the spinning cup 10 is selected from a hollow cylindrical shape, a hollow circular truncated cone shape, a funnel shape, a bowl shape, a disc shape, a wine cup shape, a trophy cup shape or a combination of these shapes. The cup mouth diameter of the spinning cup 10 is 5-100 mm, the opening angle (the angle between the cup wall and the geometric center line) is 0-90°, the depth is 1-100 mm, and the cup wall thickness is 0.1-10 mm. The thinner the cup mouth edge wall thickness, the better, preferably 0.1-1 mm. The diameter of the middle inner wall of the spinning cup 10 is 1-46 mm, and the wall thickness is 1-15 mm. The outer diameter of the cup bottom of the spinning cup 10 is 3-50 mm. The material of the spinning cup 10 is selected from metal, plastic, ceramic, glass, wood or a composite material of these materials.

[0048] When the discharge electrode 20 is one, the top of the discharge electrode 20 is located at the geometric center of the spinning cup 10. When the discharge electrode 20 is multiple, the multiple discharge electrodes 20 are arranged in a ring around the geometric center. The top of the discharge electrode 20 is selected from a needle shape, a multi-needle shape, a four-corner star shape, a diamond shape, a triangle shape, a round head shape, a circular truncated cone shape, a four-prism shape or a cylindrical shape. The diameter of the discharge electrode 20 is 0-3 mm, and the top of the discharge electrode 20 is located at 0-10 mm above the plane where the cup mouth of the spinning cup 10 is located.

[0049] Working principle: the voltage output by the power supply is directly applied to the additional discharge electrode 20 through the wire, the liquid flow channel is quantitatively fed with a proper flow rate, until a large droplet is formed at the cup mouth of the spinning cup 10, and the feeding is paused. The position of the top of the discharge electrode 20 is manually adjusted to be within the surface of the spinning solution 60. The power supply is turned on, under the condition of continuous quantitative liquid feeding and the action of the high-voltage electric field formed by the power supply, the discharge electrode 20 continuously transmits the electric charge from the charging power supply to the spinning solution 60 in the spinning cup 10 through the sharp-end discharge, finally forces a large amount of electric charge to gather at a high density on the outer surface of the spinning solution 60 and continuously and uniformly redistribute, breaks through the critical charge density and critical electric field strength, and then excites (spontaneous emission) dozens of spinning jets. The use of auxiliary airflow can prevent adjacent nanofibers from sticking together.

[0050] The spinning cup structure comprises an outer spinning cup body 101 and an inner spinning cup body 102 nested in the outer spinning cup body, the inner spinning cup body 102 and the outer spinning cup body 101 are coaxially arranged, the inner spinning cup body 102 is internally provided with a first liquid supply channel, a second liquid supply channel is formed between the inner spinning cup body 102 and the outer spinning cup body 101, the spinning liquid in the first liquid supply channel and the second liquid supply channel is the same or different, the cup wall of the outer spinning cup body 101 and the cup wall of the inner spinning cup body 102 are both provided with a plurality of discharge electrodes, the plurality of discharge electrodes on the outer spinning cup body 101 are symmetrically arranged with the center of the outer spinning cup body 101, the plurality of discharge electrodes on the inner spinning cup body 102 are symmetrically arranged with the center of the inner spinning cup body 102, so that different polymer spinning liquids are supplied in the first liquid supply channel and the second liquid supply channel, and a double-component electrospinning material is obtained.

[0051] Specifically, as shown in the figure, Figure 5 The spinning cup structure is a skin-core double-component mixed electrospinning nozzle: the ceramic outer cup body 101 and the inner cup body 102 are coaxially nested together, the outer cup body 101 and the inner cup body are respectively and smoothly connected with the surface of the nested outer cup neck and inner cup neck, forming an integral component; a second liquid supply channel 1011 is formed between the outer cup body 101 and the inner cup body, the inner spinning cup body 102 is internally provided with a first liquid supply channel 1021, different polymer spinning liquids are respectively supplied in the first liquid supply channel and the second liquid supply channel, and four copper rod discharge electrodes are respectively and symmetrically distributed on the cup wall of the outer cup body 101 and the inner cup body 102, so that a plurality of spinning jets are excited from the circular edges of the outer cup body 101 and the inner cup body 102 during electrospinning, and a coaxial double-component nanofiber mixed material is obtained.

[0052] In another specific embodiment, the structure of the spinning cup comprises a main cup body in a hollow cylindrical structure and a plurality of sub-cup bodies located in the main cup body, one of the plurality of sub-cup bodies is located at the center of the main cup body, and the remaining sub-cup bodies are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the main cup body, a first spinning liquid channel is formed between the main cup body and the sub-cup body, the sub-cup body has a second spinning liquid channel, the spinning liquid in the first spinning liquid channel and the second spinning liquid channel is the same or different, a plurality of discharge electrodes are uniformly arranged on the wall of the main cup body, and a discharge electrode is respectively embedded in each sub-cup body, so that different spinning liquids are injected into the first spinning liquid channel and the plurality of second spinning liquid channels, and a plurality of spinning jets are excited from the circular edges of all the cup bodies during electrospinning, and a sea-island double-component nanofiber mixed material is obtained. Of course, the island components are not necessarily the same, and different small islands can also have different spinning liquid in the liquid flow channel, so that a sea-island multi-component nanofiber mixed electrospinning material is obtained.

[0053] The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables a person skilled in the art to make or use the application. Modifications of the above-described embodiments can be readily made by those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein can be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An electrospinning nozzle for rapidly and efficiently preparing nanofibers, characterized in that: include: Spinning cup, discharge electrode, electrode sleeve and shielding shell; The cup body of the spinning cup is provided with at least one electrode through-hole, and an electrode sleeve is embedded in each of the electrode through-holes. One end of the discharge electrode passes through the electrode sleeve and can move inside the electrode sleeve. The discharge electrode is made of metal. The top of the spinning cup passes through the inner center of the shielding shell outward, and the top of the spinning cup is tightly connected with the shielding shell. The shielding shell surrounds the cup body and the discharge electrode. The wire of the discharge electrode passes through the shielding shell and is connected to the power supply.

2. The electrospinning nozzle for rapidly and efficiently preparing nanofibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shielding shell is in the shape of any symmetrical hollow structure, including a hollow cylinder, and is made of non-polar / micro-polar polymer materials, including polymer resins, ceramics, glass, wood, and composite materials or coatings thereof, and is provided with a power interface, and the wire of the discharge electrode is connected to the power interface; And / or, the spinning cup is provided with a liquid supply channel inside and a shielding shell made of insulating material outside, and the insulating material includes plastic, ceramic, glass, wood or a composite material of these materials.

3. The electrospinning nozzle for rapidly and efficiently preparing nanofibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge electrode is made of metal, and a metal electrode sleeve is provided at the place in contact with the electrode through hole. The discharge electrode can be moved up and down in the electrode sleeve to adjust the height exposed to the liquid surface, so that the top of the discharge electrode can be located below the liquid surface, above the liquid surface, or flush with the liquid surface.

4. The electrospinning nozzle for rapidly and efficiently preparing nanofibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the spinning cup includes a hollow cylinder, a hollow truncated cone, a funnel, a bowl, a plate, a wine glass or a trophy, and the material of the spinning cup is selected from metal, plastic, ceramic, glass, wood or a composite material of these materials.

5. The electrospinning nozzle for rapidly and efficiently preparing nanofibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner geometric center and / or the outer annular edge of the spinning cup may be provided with an air flow channel so as to utilize high-speed air flow to assist in stretching the spinning jet; And / or, an isolation cap made of an insulating material with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the spinning cup opening is added near the spinning liquid surface to prevent the polymer from solidifying.

6. The electrospinning nozzle for rapidly and efficiently preparing nanofibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is one discharge electrode, and the top of the discharge electrode is located at the geometric center of the spinning cup; Alternatively, a plurality of discharge electrodes are used, and the plurality of discharge electrodes are evenly distributed in a ring around the geometric center of the electrospinning nozzle, and the top of the discharge electrode is a structure with a pointed tip or a protrusion, and the top shape of the discharge electrode includes a cone, a truncated cone, a cylinder, a polygonal prism or a sphere; or, the top of the discharge electrode is a pointed structure set on the top of a cylinder, and the top shape of the discharge electrode includes a single needle shape, a multi-needle shape, a polygonal star shape, a trapezoid, a rhombus, a triangle, a circle or an ellipse.

7. The electrospinning nozzle for rapidly and efficiently preparing nanofibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge electrode can be selected as an annular metal wire, an annular sawtooth or an annular blade; at the same time, the structure of the electrode through hole and the electrode sleeve is also changed to an annular slit accordingly.

8. The electrospinning nozzle for rapidly and efficiently preparing nanofibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrospinning nozzle can be connected to a DC high-voltage power supply, a high-voltage high-frequency AC power supply, an AC pulse power supply, and a DC bias AC power supply; the electrospinning nozzle can perform downward electrospinning or upward electrospinning.

9. The electrospinning nozzle for rapidly and efficiently preparing nanofibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of the spinning cup includes an outer spinning cup body and an inner spinning cup body nested in the outer spinning cup body. The inner spinning cup body and the outer spinning cup body are coaxially arranged, and a first liquid supply channel is provided inside the inner spinning cup body. A second liquid supply channel is formed between the inner spinning cup body and the outer spinning cup body. The spinning liquid in the first liquid supply channel and the second liquid supply channel is the same or different. The cup wall of the outer spinning cup body and the cup wall of the inner spinning cup body are both provided with multiple discharge electrodes, and the multiple discharge electrodes on the outer spinning cup body are symmetrically arranged about the center of the outer spinning cup body, and the multiple discharge electrodes on the inner spinning cup body are symmetrically arranged about the center of the inner spinning cup body.

10. The electrospinning nozzle for rapidly and efficiently preparing nanofibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of the spinning cup includes a main cup body with a hollow cylindrical structure and multiple sub-cup bodies located in the main cup body. One of the multiple sub-cup bodies is located in the center of the main cup body, and the remaining sub-cup bodies are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the main cup body. A first spinning liquid channel is formed between the main cup body and the sub-cup bodies, and a second spinning liquid channel is provided in the sub-cup body. The spinning liquids in the first spinning liquid channel and the second spinning liquid channel are the same or different. Multiple discharge electrodes are evenly arranged on the wall of the main cup body, and a discharge electrode is embedded in each of the sub-cup bodies.

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