Single-hole bidirectional super-long highway tunnel construction ventilation device and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a ventilation device and method for constructing a single-bore, bidirectional, ultra-long highway tunnel, relating to the technical field of highway tunnel construction equipment. It includes an installation plate mounted on the tunnel roof and an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe mounted on the installation plate. Both the air inlet and outlet pipes are used to connect outside air with the tunnel interior. A ventilation mechanism is installed on the air inlet pipe, comprising a first motor, a fan, an air-gathering ring, and an adjustment mechanism. By setting up a ventilation mechanism, this invention increases the airflow velocity when air is discharged from the outlet by first accumulating air in the air-gathering chamber, thereby effectively improving the air circulation speed within the tunnel. Simultaneously, the annular structure design of the air-gathering ring allows the air discharged from the outlet to carry the existing air within the tunnel along with it as it passes through the ring, further increasing the airflow velocity within the tunnel and achieving a more efficient ventilation effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of highway tunnel construction equipment technology, specifically to a ventilation device and method for constructing a single-bore, two-way, extra-long highway tunnel. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel construction, the use of blasting excavation generates a large amount of fumes; the muck removal and material feeding are mostly done by internal combustion machinery, producing a large amount of harmful gases; and the tunnels are long, making it difficult to remove smoke and dust. Therefore, strong ventilation and dust control measures must be taken. However, existing tunnel construction ventilation systems still have the following shortcomings in use:

[0003] For example, Chinese patent application CN119435081A discloses a ventilation device and method for the construction of deep-buried extra-long tunnels. It includes a vertically arranged first ventilation square pipe that passes through the top of the tunnel and connects to the outside of the tunnel. A reversible fan is installed at the end of the first ventilation square pipe near the outside of the tunnel, and a conical dust outlet is provided at the end of the first ventilation square pipe away from the reversible fan. A dust collection container is installed and connected to the conical dust outlet. This invention achieves cyclical filtration and dust removal, solving the problems of ventilation and exhaust within the tunnel while avoiding the need for frequent maintenance and replacement of the filter screen. This invention not only enables exhaust and dust removal operations on one side of the tunnel construction, ensuring a safe working environment, but also provides ventilation at various locations within the tunnel. Furthermore, by separating ventilation and exhaust dust removal, it achieves efficient dust removal while ensuring that fresh air is not polluted during ventilation. This invention reduces the probability of filter screen clogging.

[0004] The ventilation effect of the above-mentioned ventilation devices is significantly insufficient, especially in the application scenario of extra-long tunnels. In order to meet the ventilation requirements, it is often necessary to increase the number of ventilation devices, which not only leads to a significant increase in equipment procurement costs, but also increases the subsequent operation and maintenance costs, resulting in a high overall cost output.

[0005] In addition, the natural ventilation characteristics of the vertical shafts of ultra-long tunnels in plateau regions are unclear, making it impossible to effectively utilize the natural wind in the shafts to assist in the mechanical ventilation of the tunnels. Consequently, the overall ventilation effect and efficiency of the tunnels are difficult to achieve the ideal state. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems, the purpose of this invention is to provide a ventilation device and method for the construction of a single-bore, two-way, ultra-long highway tunnel, so as to solve the problem of poor ventilation effect of existing tunnel ventilation devices mentioned in the background art.

[0007] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A ventilation device and method for constructing a single-bore, two-way, extra-long highway tunnel includes an installation plate mounted on the top of the tunnel and an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe mounted on the installation plate. Both the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are used to connect outside air with the tunnel interior. A ventilation mechanism is installed on the air inlet pipe. The ventilation mechanism includes a first motor, a fan, an air-gathering ring, and an adjustment mechanism. The first motor is installed inside the air inlet pipe. The fan is coaxially connected to the output end of the first motor and is located inside the air inlet pipe. The air-gathering ring is located inside the tunnel and is fixed to the air inlet pipe. The air-gathering ring includes an air-gathering chamber within the ring and an air outlet on the ring. Air from the air inlet pipe can be discharged through the air-gathering chamber and then discharged through the air outlet. The adjustment mechanism is mounted on the installation plate and is used to control the axial direction of the air-gathering ring to be parallel to the tunnel length or to control the alignment of the air-gathering ring with the air outlet pipe, thereby driving airflow along the tunnel or being discharged through the air outlet pipe.

[0009] Preferably, the adjustment mechanism includes a mounting frame, a rotating shaft, a first corrugated hose, an air guide shroud, and a drive mechanism; the mounting frame is fixed to the mounting plate, the first corrugated hose is disposed between the air inlet pipe and the air concentrator ring, and the air concentrator ring is rotatably connected to the mounting frame via the rotating shaft; the air guide shroud is fixed to the end of the air outlet pipe; the drive mechanism is disposed on the mounting frame and is used to drive the airflow outlet end of the air concentrator ring to align with the air guide shroud.

[0010] Preferably, the air guide shroud is provided with a rubber ring. When the air gathering ring and the air guide shroud are aligned, the rubber ring is used to seal the gap between the air gathering ring and the air guide shroud so that the airflow can only be introduced into the air outlet pipe through the air guide shroud.

[0011] Preferably, the drive mechanism includes a second motor, a worm gear, and a worm; the second motor is mounted on a mounting bracket, the worm gear is connected to the output end of the second motor, the worm is coaxially fixed to the rotating shaft, and the worm gear meshes with the worm.

[0012] Preferably, the ventilation mechanism further includes a filter mechanism disposed in the exhaust pipe and used to filter the exhaust gas discharged from the tunnel.

[0013] Preferably, the filtration mechanism includes a sleeve and a filter cylinder; the sleeve is fixed inside the air outlet pipe, and the filter cylinder is disposed inside the sleeve; air in the tunnel enters the air outlet pipe, passes through the gap between the air outlet pipe and the sleeve, enters the gap between the sleeve and the filter cylinder, and is then filtered by the filter cylinder before being discharged.

[0014] Preferably, the filtration mechanism further includes a linkage mechanism, a rotating sleeve coaxially rotatably connected to the air outlet pipe, and a top plate disposed above the filter cylinder; the linkage mechanism is used to drive the filter cylinder to rotate through the rotating sleeve, so as to control the way in which the air in the tunnel passes through the filter cylinder and is discharged.

[0015] The rotating sleeve has a first through hole and a second through hole; the bottom of the sleeve has a third through hole and a fourth through hole; the first through hole and the third through hole are adapted to each other, and the second through hole and the fourth through hole are adapted to each other; the filter cylinder is coaxially connected to the rotating sleeve via a first connecting shaft, the bottom of the filter cylinder communicates with the third through hole, and the top of the filter cylinder has a fifth through hole and a sixth through hole; the top plate has a seventh through hole and an eighth through hole, the fifth through hole and the seventh through hole are adapted to each other, and the sixth through hole is adapted to the sleeve; when the rotating sleeve is controlled to rotate, two ways can be formed for air in the tunnel to pass through the filter cylinder and be discharged; when the second through hole and the fourth through hole are aligned, and the fifth through hole and the seventh through hole are aligned... When the first and third through holes are misaligned, and the sixth and eighth through holes are misaligned, air enters the outlet pipe, passes through the second and fourth through holes, enters the gap between the outlet pipe and the sleeve, and then enters the gap between the sleeve and the filter cylinder. After being filtered by the filter cylinder in the forward direction, it exits through the fifth and seventh through holes, forming a filtration exit method. When the second and fourth through holes are misaligned, the fifth and seventh through holes are misaligned, the first and third through holes are aligned, and the sixth and eighth through holes are aligned, air enters the outlet pipe, passes through the first and third through holes, enters the filter cylinder, impacts the inner wall of the filter cylinder in the reverse direction, and then exits through the sixth and eighth through holes, forming a backwash exit method.

[0016] Preferably, the linkage mechanism includes a guide reset mechanism, a limiting rod, and a slider; the guide reset mechanism is disposed on the air outlet pipe, the limiting rod is disposed on the guide reset mechanism, and the slider is disposed on the limiting rod; the rotating sleeve has a sliding groove adapted to the slider; when the driving air gathering ring abuts against the air guide cover, the limiting rod can be moved by the guide reset mechanism to drive the slider to slide in the sliding groove, thereby driving the rotating sleeve to rotate.

[0017] Preferably, the guide reset mechanism includes a connecting pipe, a second corrugated hose, a guide sleeve, a second connecting shaft, and a spring; the bottom end of the air outlet pipe is connected to the connecting pipe through the second corrugated hose, a limiting rod is fixed to the connecting pipe, the air guide shroud is fixed to the connecting pipe, the guide sleeve is fixed to the air outlet pipe through the second connecting shaft, and the guide sleeve is sleeved on the connecting pipe; the spring is sleeved on the second connecting shaft, and one end of the spring abuts against the air outlet pipe, and the other end of the spring abuts against the connecting pipe; when the spring loses its restraint, the spring can drive the connecting pipe to move and reset along its axis.

[0018] A ventilation method for constructing a single-bore, two-way, extra-long highway tunnel, employing the aforementioned ventilation device for single-bore, two-way, extra-long highway tunnels, specifically includes the following steps:

[0019] Step 1, Internal ventilation: The fan is driven by the first motor to rotate, so that the outside air is drawn into the air intake pipe and accumulated in the air gathering chamber, and then discharged through the air outlet, so that the air flows along the inner wall of the air gathering ring, and at the same time drives the air flow in the tunnel.

[0020] Step 2, Exhaust Gas Removal: When the air quality inside the tunnel deteriorates, the air-gathering ring is driven to rotate by the adjustment mechanism, so that the output end of the air-gathering ring is aligned with the bottom of the exhaust pipe. At this time, when the first motor is started to drive the fan to rotate, the air discharged from the air-gathering chamber rushes into the exhaust pipe, thereby driving the air inside the tunnel into the exhaust pipe to remove the exhaust gas inside the tunnel.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0022] By setting up a ventilation mechanism, air can be accumulated in the air-gathering chamber first, which can increase the airflow velocity when it is discharged from the air outlet, thereby effectively improving the air circulation speed in the tunnel. At the same time, the ring structure design of the air-gathering ring can cause the air discharged from the air outlet to carry the original air in the tunnel to flow together when passing through the air-gathering ring, further enhancing the airflow speed in the tunnel and achieving a more efficient ventilation effect.

[0023] By setting up an adjustment mechanism, an effective driving force can be applied to the airflow in the exhaust pipe, thereby actively driving the exhaust gas in the tunnel to be discharged from the exhaust pipe. This design not only breaks the traditional passive mode that relies on natural ventilation, but also significantly improves the efficiency of exhaust gas removal, making the air replacement in the tunnel faster and more thorough. The flexible use of the adjustment mechanism can precisely control the airflow speed and direction according to the actual exhaust gas concentration and ventilation needs in the tunnel, further optimizing the ventilation effect and providing a more reliable guarantee for the air quality in the tunnel.

[0024] By setting up a filtration mechanism and coordinating with corresponding operating modes, two airflow modes can be formed: air filtration and exhaust mode and air backwashing and exhaust mode. In the air filtration and exhaust mode, the exhaust gas is filtered through the filter cartridge during the exhaust process, effectively removing impurities and pollutants to ensure that the discharged air meets environmental protection requirements. In the air backwashing and exhaust mode, the airflow direction changes, forming a reverse flushing of the filter cartridge, which can promptly remove dust and debris accumulated on the surface of the filter cartridge, thereby ensuring the long-term filtration effect of the filter cartridge, extending its service life, and ensuring the efficient operation of the entire air filtration system. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a first-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the entire invention;

[0027] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the overall second-view three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a front view enlarged sectional view of a portion of the ventilation mechanism of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the ventilation mechanism of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional exploded and enlarged structural diagram of the filtration mechanism of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional magnified schematic diagram of a partial cross-section of the air outlet pipe of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a partially cross-sectional, enlarged three-dimensional structural diagram of the filtration mechanism of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is the present invention. Figure 7 Enlarged structural diagram of region A in the middle;

[0034] Figure 9 This is the present invention. Figure 7 Enlarged structural diagram of region B in the middle;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the air filtration and exhaust method inside the tunnel according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the air backwashing and exhaust method in the tunnel according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional exploded and enlarged structural diagram of the filtration mechanism of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 13 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention.

[0039] In the diagram: 1. Mounting plate; 2. Air inlet pipe; 3. Air outlet pipe; 4. Ventilation mechanism; 41. First motor; 42. Fan; 43. Air concentrator ring; 431. Air concentrator chamber; 432. Air outlet; 44. Adjustment mechanism; 441. Mounting bracket; 442. Rotating shaft; 443. First corrugated flexible hose; 444. Air guide shroud; 445. Rubber ring; 446. Drive mechanism; 4461. Second motor; 4462. Worm gear; 4463. Worm; 45. Filtering mechanism; 451. Rotating sleeve; 4511. First through hole; 4512. Second through hole; 452, sleeve; 4521, third through hole; 4522, fourth through hole; 453, filter cylinder; 4531, fifth through hole; 4532, sixth through hole; 4533, first connecting shaft; 454, top plate; 4541, seventh through hole; 4542, eighth through hole; 455, linkage mechanism; 4551, connecting pipe; 4552, second corrugated hose; 4553, guide sleeve; 4554, second connecting shaft; 4555, spring; 4556, limit rod; 4557, slider; 4558, slide groove. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1-12 A ventilation device for the construction of a single-bore, two-way, ultra-long highway tunnel, such as... Figures 1-3 As shown, the system includes a mounting plate 1 installed at the top of the tunnel, and an air inlet pipe 2 and an air outlet pipe 3 installed on the mounting plate 1. Both the air inlet pipe 2 and the air outlet pipe 3 are used to connect outside air to the tunnel interior. A ventilation mechanism 4 is installed on the air inlet pipe 2. The ventilation mechanism 4 includes a first motor 41, a fan 42, an air-gathering ring 43, and an adjusting mechanism 44. The first motor 41 is installed inside the air inlet pipe 2. The fan 42 is coaxially connected to the output end of the first motor 41 and is also installed inside the air inlet pipe 2. The air-gathering ring 43... 3 is installed inside the tunnel, and the air-gathering ring 43 is fixed to the air inlet pipe 2; the air-gathering ring 43 includes an air-gathering chamber 431 disposed inside the air-gathering ring 43 and an air outlet 432 opened on the air-gathering ring 43; the air in the air inlet pipe 2 can be discharged from the air outlet 432 through the air-gathering chamber 431; the adjustment mechanism 44 is disposed on the mounting plate 1 and is used to control the axial direction of the air-gathering ring 43 to be parallel along the tunnel length direction or to control the alignment of the air-gathering ring 43 with the air outlet pipe 3, so as to drive the airflow to flow along the tunnel or be discharged through the air outlet pipe 3.

[0042] It should be noted that, firstly, the first motor 41 drives the fan 42 to rotate, so that outside air enters the air-gathering chamber 431 through the air inlet pipe 2 and accumulates, and then is discharged through the air outlet 432. By accumulating the air in the air-gathering chamber 431 first, the air velocity discharged through the air outlet 432 is increased, so that the air is discharged along the inner wall of the air-gathering ring 43. Therefore, the air can be driven to flow along the length of the tunnel, improving the air flow. Furthermore, by setting the air-gathering ring 43, the outside air flows along the inner wall of the air-gathering ring 43, which can drive the air in the tunnel to circulate through the air-gathering ring 43, greatly increasing the air flow speed.

[0043] Due to the large temperature difference between the tunnel top and the tunnel interior, and the pressure difference, air inside the tunnel can be directly discharged to the outside through the exhaust pipe 3. When there is too much exhaust gas inside the tunnel, the regulating mechanism 44 can drive the air-gathering ring 43 to rotate, so that the outlet end of the air-gathering ring 43 is aligned with the bottom end of the exhaust pipe 3. At this time, when the first motor 41 is started to drive the fan 42 to rotate, it can drive the outside air out from the air outlet 432, forming an airflow that is quickly introduced into the exhaust pipe 3. This airflow can drive the exhaust gas inside the tunnel to be discharged from the exhaust pipe 3, improving the exhaust gas discharge efficiency. By driving with a single first motor 41, two air circulation methods can be achieved at the same time, reducing the cost output.

[0044] Please see Figures 1-3 The adjustment mechanism 44 includes a mounting frame 441, a rotating shaft 442, a first corrugated hose 443, an air guide shroud 444, and a drive mechanism 446. The mounting frame 441 is fixed to the mounting plate 1. The first corrugated hose 443 is disposed between the air inlet pipe 2 and the air concentrator ring 43. The air concentrator ring 43 is rotatably connected to the mounting frame 441 via the rotating shaft 442. The air guide shroud 444 is fixed to the end of the air outlet pipe 3. The drive mechanism 446 is disposed on the mounting frame 441 and is used to drive the airflow outlet end of the air concentrator ring 43 to align with the air guide shroud 444. A rubber ring 445 is provided on the air guide shroud 444. When the air concentrator ring 43 and the air guide shroud 444 are aligned, the rubber ring 445 is used to seal the gap between the air concentrator ring 43 and the air guide shroud 444 so that the airflow can only be introduced into the air outlet pipe 3 through the air guide shroud 444.

[0045] It should be noted that the wind-gathering ring 43 on the rotating shaft 442 is rotated by the drive mechanism 446, and the first corrugated hose 443 is used to compensate for the movement of the wind-gathering ring 43 so that the air intake pipe 2 and the wind-gathering ring 43 are kept in communication. By driving the wind-gathering ring 43 to rotate, the output end of the wind-gathering ring 43 comes into contact with the air guide shroud 444, so that the airflow from the wind-gathering ring 43 can be guided into the air outlet pipe 3 through the air guide shroud 444 and discharged, thereby driving the air to be discharged quickly.

[0046] Please see Figures 1-3It is understood that this application does not limit the specific structure and installation method of the drive mechanism 446. The following only provides a feasible technical solution: The drive mechanism 446 includes a second motor 4461, a worm gear 4462 and a worm 4463; the second motor 4461 is mounted on the mounting bracket 441, the worm gear 4462 is connected to the output end of the second motor 4461, and the worm 4463 is coaxially fixed on the rotating shaft 442, and the worm gear 4462 meshes with the worm 4463.

[0047] It should be noted that the second motor 4461 drives the worm gear 4463 to rotate, which in turn drives the worm wheel 4462 to rotate, thereby driving the air-gathering ring 43 on the rotating shaft 442 to rotate, thus enabling the air-gathering ring 43 to align with or return to its original position with the air guide shroud 444. The axial self-locking characteristic of the worm wheel 4462 and the worm gear 4463 when used together allows the air-gathering ring 43 to stay at any rotation angle position, so that when the air-gathering ring 43 and the air guide shroud 444 are aligned, a stable alignment and resistance can be formed, ensuring air circulation efficiency.

[0048] Please see Figures 4-6 The ventilation mechanism 4 also includes a filter mechanism 45 disposed in the exhaust pipe 3, which is used to filter the exhaust gas discharged from the tunnel. The filter mechanism 45 includes a sleeve 452 and a filter cylinder 453. The sleeve 452 is fixed in the exhaust pipe 3, and the filter cylinder 453 is disposed in the sleeve 452. Air in the tunnel enters the exhaust pipe 3, passes through the gap between the exhaust pipe 3 and the sleeve 452, enters the gap between the sleeve 452 and the filter cylinder 453, and is then filtered by the filter cylinder 453 before being discharged.

[0049] It should be noted that when air in the tunnel passes through the gap between the exhaust pipe 3 and the sleeve 452 and enters the gap between the sleeve 452 and the filter cylinder 453, the dust carried by the air in the tunnel accumulates and is stored between the sleeve 452 and the filter cylinder 453 after being filtered by the filter cylinder 453. The filtered air then passes through the filter cylinder 453 and is discharged from the top of the exhaust pipe 3, thus achieving the filtration and discharge of exhaust gas in the tunnel.

[0050] Please see Figures 5-12The filtration mechanism 45 also includes a linkage mechanism 455, a rotating sleeve 451 coaxially rotatably connected to the air outlet pipe 3, and a top plate 454 disposed above the filter cylinder 453; the linkage mechanism 455 is used to drive the filter cylinder 453 to rotate through the rotating sleeve 451, so as to control the way in which the air in the tunnel passes through the filter cylinder 453 and is discharged; the rotating sleeve 451 is provided with a first through hole 4511 and a second through hole 4512; the bottom of the sleeve 452 is provided with a third through hole 4521 and a fourth through hole 4522; the first through hole 4511 and the... The third through hole 4521 is adapted, and the second through hole 4512 is adapted to the fourth through hole 4522; the filter cylinder 453 is coaxially connected to the rotating sleeve 451 through the first connecting shaft 4533, the bottom of the filter cylinder 453 is connected to the third through hole 4521, and the top of the filter cylinder 453 is provided with a fifth through hole 4531 and a sixth through hole 4532; the top plate 454 is provided with a seventh through hole 4541 and an eighth through hole 4542, the fifth through hole 4531 is adapted to the seventh through hole 4541, and the sixth through hole 4532 is adapted to the sleeve 452;

[0051] When the rotating sleeve 451 is rotated, two ways can be formed for air in the tunnel to pass through the filter cylinder 453 and be discharged. When the second through hole 4512 is aligned with the fourth through hole 4522, the fifth through hole 4531 is aligned with the seventh through hole 4541, the first through hole 4511 is misaligned with the third through hole 4521 and the sixth through hole 4532 is misaligned with the eighth through hole 4542, that is, after the air enters the air outlet pipe 3, it passes through the second through hole 4512 and the fourth through hole 4522 and enters the gap between the air outlet pipe 3 and the sleeve 452 and enters the gap between the sleeve 452 and the filter cylinder 453. After being filtered by the filter cylinder 453 in the forward direction, it passes through the fifth through hole 4531 and the seventh through hole 4541 and is discharged, forming a filtering and discharge method.

[0052] When the second through hole 4512 is misaligned with the fourth through hole 4522, the fifth through hole 4531 is misaligned with the seventh through hole 4541, the first through hole 4511 is aligned with the third through hole 4521, and the sixth through hole 4532 is aligned with the eighth through hole 4542, that is, after the air enters the air outlet pipe 3, it passes through the first through hole 4511 and the third through hole 4521 into the filter cylinder 453, impacts the inner wall of the filter cylinder 453 in the opposite direction, and is then discharged through the sixth through hole 4532 and the eighth through hole 4542, forming a backwash discharge method; it can be understood that a filter screen is installed in the sixth through hole 4532 to filter the dust that may be carried during backwashing, and the natural wind formed by the temperature difference is relatively weak, and the rotation speed of the fan 42 can be controlled by the first motor 41, thereby controlling the backwash guide wind speed, to prevent the wind force from being too strong and carrying too much dust to clog the filter screen.

[0053] It should be noted that when the drive mechanism 446 drives the air-gathering ring 43 to rotate and contact the air guide shroud 444, as the contact force between the air-gathering ring 43 and the air guide shroud 444 increases, the linkage mechanism 455 can drive the rotating sleeve 451 to rotate, so that the second through hole 4512 and the fourth through hole 4522 on the rotating sleeve 451 are aligned. At the same time, the rotating sleeve 451 drives the filter cylinder 453 to rotate, so that the fifth through hole 4531 and the seventh through hole 4541 are aligned, forming a filtration and exhaust method. This allows the air entering the exhaust pipe 3 to pass through the second through hole 4512 and the fourth through hole 4522 and enter the gap between the exhaust pipe 3 and the sleeve 452, and then enter the gap between the sleeve 452 and the filter cylinder 453. After being filtered by the filter cylinder 453 in the forward direction, it passes through the fifth through hole 4531 and the seventh through hole 4541 and is exhausted, thereby achieving the filtration treatment of the exhaust gas and reducing environmental pollution.

[0054] When the drive mechanism 446 drives the air-gathering ring 43 to separate from the air guide shroud 444, the linkage mechanism 455 can drive the rotating sleeve 451 to rotate and reset. At this time, the first through hole 4511 and the third through hole 4521 are aligned, and the sixth through hole 4532 and the eighth through hole 4542 are aligned, forming a backwashing and exhaust method. This allows the air entering the air outlet pipe 3 to pass through the first through hole 4511 and the third through hole 4521 into the filter cartridge 453, impact the inner wall of the filter cartridge 453 in the opposite direction, and then be exhausted through the sixth through hole 4532 and the eighth through hole 4542, thereby achieving the purification of the filter cartridge 453. The directional flushing of the 53 filter structure ensures the long-term filtration effect of the filter cartridge 453. It can be understood that the air flow entering the outlet pipe 3 at this time is the natural wind flow formed by pressure difference, so the air flow speed is relatively slow. In order to improve the air circulation effect and thus improve the cleaning effect of the filter cartridge 453, the air gathering ring 43 and the air guide shroud 444 can be aligned but without applying any resistance force, that is, the rotating sleeve 451 does not rotate. At this time, the first motor 41 can drive the fan 42 to rotate, realize ventilation into the outlet pipe 3, and thus improve the reverse flushing effect of the filter cartridge 453.

[0055] Example 2: The technical solution in this example differs from that in Example 1 in that: Please refer to... Figures 5-12 The linkage mechanism 455 includes a guide reset mechanism, a limit rod 4556, and a slider 4557. The guide reset mechanism is located on the air outlet pipe 3, the limit rod 4556 is located on the guide reset mechanism, and the slider 4557 is located on the limit rod 4556. The rotating sleeve 451 has a groove 4558 that matches the slider 4557. When the driving wind concentrator ring 43 abuts against the wind guide cover 444, the guide reset mechanism can drive the limit rod 4556 to move, thereby driving the slider 4557 to slide in the groove 4558, and thus driving the rotating sleeve 451 to rotate.

[0056] It should be noted that when the air-gathering ring 43 pushes the air guide shroud 444 to move, the guide reset mechanism drives the limit rod 4556 to move. It can be understood that the slide groove 4558 is an arc-shaped structure. When the slider 4557 moves vertically, it can drive the rotating sleeve 451 to rotate through the slide groove 4558. At this time, the rotating sleeve 451 can drive the filter cylinder 453 to rotate, forming an air filtration and exhaust method. When the air-gathering ring 43 separates from the air guide shroud 444, the guide reset mechanism can drive the rotating sleeve 451 to rotate and reset, forming an air backwash exhaust method.

[0057] Please see Figures 5-12 The guide reset mechanism includes a connecting pipe 4551, a second corrugated hose 4552, a guide sleeve 4553, a second connecting shaft 4554, and a spring 4555. The bottom end of the air outlet pipe 3 is connected to the connecting pipe 4551 through the second corrugated hose 4552. The limiting rod 4556 is fixed to the connecting pipe 4551, the air guide cover 444 is fixed to the connecting pipe 4551, the guide sleeve 4553 is fixed to the air outlet pipe 3 through the second connecting shaft 4554, and the guide sleeve 4553 is sleeved on the connecting pipe 4551. The spring 4555 is sleeved on the second connecting shaft 4554, and one end of the spring 4555 abuts against the air outlet pipe 3, and the other end of the spring 4555 abuts against the connecting pipe 4551. When the spring 4555 loses its restraint, the spring 4555 can drive the connecting pipe 4551 to move and reset along its axis.

[0058] It should be noted that when the air-gathering ring 43 pushes the air guide shroud 444 to move, the air guide shroud 444 drives the connecting pipe 4551 to move, causing the spring 4555 to be compressed and storing elastic potential energy. At this time, the second corrugated hose 4552 improves the displacement compensation for the movement of the connecting pipe 4551, so that the air outlet pipe 3 and the connecting pipe 4551 are kept connected. The connected pipe 4551, which moves under force, drives the limit rod 4556 to move, and then drives the rotating sleeve 451 to rotate through the slide groove 4558. When the air-gathering ring 43 separates from the air guide shroud 444, the stored elastic potential energy drives the rotating sleeve 451 to rotate and reset. In this way, the switching between the air filtration outlet mode and the air backwash outlet mode is realized.

[0059] Please see Figures 1-13 A ventilation method for constructing a single-bore, two-way, extra-long highway tunnel, employing the aforementioned ventilation device for constructing a single-bore, two-way, extra-long highway tunnel, specifically includes the following steps:

[0060] Step 1, Internal ventilation: The first motor 41 drives the fan 42 to rotate, so that the outside air is discharged into the air intake pipe 2 and accumulated in the air gathering chamber 431, and then discharged through the air outlet 432, so that the air flows along the inner wall of the air gathering ring 43, and at the same time drives the air flow in the tunnel.

[0061] Step 2, Exhaust Gas Removal: When the air quality inside the tunnel deteriorates, the regulating mechanism 44 drives the air-gathering ring 43 to rotate, aligning the output end of the air-gathering ring 43 with the bottom of the exhaust pipe 3. At this time, when the first motor 41 is started and drives the fan 42 to rotate, the air discharged from the air-gathering chamber 431 rushes into the exhaust pipe 3, thereby driving the air inside the tunnel into the exhaust pipe 3 to remove the exhaust gas inside the tunnel.

[0062] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or specific orientational structure and operation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, "first" and "second" are only for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0063] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0064] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of one embodiment of the present invention, but this description is merely a preferred embodiment and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this invention should still fall within the patent coverage of this invention.

Claims

1. A ventilation device for the construction of a single-bore, two-way, extra-long highway tunnel, comprising an installation plate (1) disposed on the top of the tunnel and an air inlet pipe (2) and an air outlet pipe (3) disposed on the installation plate (1); characterized in that, A ventilation mechanism (4) is provided on the air intake pipe (2); the ventilation mechanism (4) includes: The first motor (41) is installed inside the air intake pipe (2); A fan (42) is coaxially connected to the output end of a first motor (41), and the fan (42) is disposed inside an air intake pipe (2); An air-gathering ring (43) is installed inside the tunnel and fixed to the air intake pipe (2). The air-gathering ring (43) includes an air-gathering chamber (431) installed inside the air-gathering ring (43) and an air outlet (432) opened on the air-gathering ring (43). Air in the air intake pipe (2) can be discharged from the air outlet (432) through the air-gathering chamber (431). And an adjustment mechanism (44), which is disposed on the mounting plate (1) and is used to control the axial direction of the air-gathering ring (43) to be parallel along the tunnel length direction or to control the alignment of the air-gathering ring (43) with the air outlet pipe (3), so as to drive the airflow to flow along the tunnel or to be discharged through the air outlet pipe (3).

2. The ventilation device for construction of a single-bore, two-way, ultra-long highway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism (44) includes a mounting bracket (441), a rotating shaft (442), a first corrugated hose (443), an air guide shroud (444), and a drive mechanism (446). The mounting bracket (441) is fixed to the mounting plate (1), the first corrugated hose (443) is disposed between the air inlet pipe (2) and the air gathering ring (43), and the air gathering ring (43) is rotatably connected to the mounting bracket (441) through the rotating shaft (442). The air guide shroud (444) is fixed to the end of the air outlet pipe (3). The drive mechanism (446) is disposed on the mounting bracket (441) and is used to drive the airflow outlet end of the air gathering ring (43) to align with the air guide shroud (444).

3. The ventilation device for construction of a single-bore, two-way, extra-long highway tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that, A rubber ring (445) is provided on the air guide shroud (444). When the air gathering ring (43) is aligned with the air guide shroud (444), the rubber ring (445) is used to seal the gap between the air gathering ring (43) and the air guide shroud (444), so that the airflow can only be introduced into the air outlet pipe (3) through the air guide shroud (444).

4. A ventilation device for construction of a single-bore, two-way, extra-long highway tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drive mechanism (446) includes a second motor (4461), a worm gear (4462), and a worm (4463); the second motor (4461) is mounted on the mounting bracket (441), the worm gear (4462) is connected to the output end of the second motor (4461), and the worm (4463) is coaxially fixed on the rotating shaft (442), and the worm gear (4462) meshes with the worm (4463).

5. A ventilation device for construction of a single-bore, two-way, extra-long highway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ventilation mechanism (4) also includes a filter mechanism (45) installed in the exhaust pipe (3) and used to filter the exhaust gas discharged from the tunnel.

6. A ventilation device for construction of a single-bore, two-way, ultra-long highway tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that, The filtration mechanism (45) includes a sleeve (452) and a filter cylinder (453); the sleeve (452) is fixed inside the air outlet pipe (3), and the filter cylinder (453) is disposed inside the sleeve (452); air in the tunnel enters the air outlet pipe (3), passes through the gap between the air outlet pipe (3) and the sleeve (452) and enters the gap between the sleeve (452) and the filter cylinder (453), and is then filtered by the filter cylinder (453) before being discharged.

7. A ventilation device for construction of a single-bore, two-way, extra-long highway tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that, The filtration mechanism (45) also includes a linkage mechanism (455), a rotating sleeve (451) coaxially rotatably connected to the air outlet pipe (3), and a top plate (454) disposed above the filter cylinder (453); the linkage mechanism (455) is used to drive the filter cylinder (453) to rotate through the rotating sleeve (451) to control the way in which the air in the tunnel passes through the filter cylinder (453) and is discharged. The rotating sleeve (451) has a first through hole (4511) and a second through hole (4512); the bottom of the sleeve (452) has a third through hole (4521) and a fourth through hole (4522); the first through hole (4511) is adapted to the third through hole (4521), and the second through hole (4512) is adapted to the fourth through hole (4522); the filter cylinder (453) is connected to the rotating sleeve (451) via a first connecting shaft (4533). The filter cylinder (453) is coaxially connected, with its bottom connected to the third through hole (4521). The top of the filter cylinder (453) has a fifth through hole (4531) and a sixth through hole (4532). The top plate (454) has a seventh through hole (4541) and an eighth through hole (4542). The fifth through hole (4531) is adapted to the seventh through hole (4541), and the sixth through hole (4532) is adapted to the sleeve (452). When the control sleeve (451) rotates, two ways can be formed for air in the tunnel to pass through the filter cylinder (453) and be discharged. When the second through hole (4512) is aligned with the fourth through hole (4522), the fifth through hole (4531) is aligned with the seventh through hole (4541), the first through hole (4511) is misaligned with the third through hole (4521), and the sixth through hole (4532) is misaligned with the eighth through hole (4542), that is, after the air enters the exhaust pipe (3), it passes through the second through hole (4512) and the fourth through hole (4522) and enters the gap between the exhaust pipe (3) and the sleeve (452), and then enters the gap between the sleeve (452) and the filter cylinder (453), and then passes through the filter cylinder (453) in the forward direction. After filtration, the air passes through the fifth through hole (4531) and the seventh through hole (4541) to exit, forming a filtration exit method. When the second through hole (4512) is misaligned with the fourth through hole (4522), the fifth through hole (4531) is misaligned with the seventh through hole (4541), the first through hole (4511) is aligned with the third through hole (4521), and the sixth through hole (4532) is aligned with the eighth through hole (4542), that is, after the air enters the air outlet pipe (3), it passes through the first through hole (4511) and the third through hole (4521) into the filter cylinder (453), impacts the inner wall of the filter cylinder (453) in the opposite direction, and then passes through the sixth through hole (4532) and the eighth through hole (4542) to exit, forming a backwash exit method.

8. A ventilation device for construction of a single-bore, two-way, ultra-long highway tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that, The linkage mechanism (455) includes a guide reset mechanism, a limit rod (4556), and a slider (4557); the guide reset mechanism is located on the air outlet pipe (3), the limit rod (4556) is located on the guide reset mechanism, and the slider (4557) is located on the limit rod (4556); the rotating sleeve (451) is provided with a groove (4558) that matches the slider (4557); when the driving wind concentrator (43) abuts against the wind guide cover (444), the guide reset mechanism can drive the limit rod (4556) to move, so as to drive the slider (4557) to slide in the groove (4558), thereby driving the rotating sleeve (451) to rotate.

9. A ventilation device for construction of a single-bore, two-way, ultra-long highway tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that, The guide reset mechanism includes a connecting pipe (4551), a second corrugated hose (4552), a guide sleeve (4553), a second connecting shaft (4554), and a spring (4555); the bottom end of the air outlet pipe (3) is connected to the connecting pipe (4551) through the second corrugated hose (4552), the limiting rod (4556) is fixed to the connecting pipe (4551), the air guide shroud (444) is fixed to the connecting pipe (4551), and the guide sleeve (4553) is connected to the connecting pipe (4551) through the second corrugated hose (4552). The connecting shaft (4554) is fixed to the air outlet pipe (3), and the guide sleeve (4553) is sleeved on the connecting pipe (4551). The spring (4555) is sleeved on the second connecting shaft (4554), and one end of the spring (4555) abuts against the air outlet pipe (3), and the other end of the spring (4555) abuts against the connecting pipe (4551). When the spring (4555) loses its restraint, the spring (4555) can drive the connecting pipe (4551) to move and reset along its axis.

10. A ventilation method for constructing a single-bore, two-way, ultra-long highway tunnel, characterized in that: The ventilation device for construction of a single-bore, two-way, ultra-long highway tunnel as described in any one of claims 1-9 specifically includes the following steps: Step 1, Internal ventilation: The fan (42) is driven to rotate by the first motor (41), so that the outside air is discharged into the air intake pipe (2) and accumulated in the air gathering chamber (431), and then discharged through the air outlet (432), so that the air flows along the inner wall of the air gathering ring (43), and at the same time drives the air flow in the tunnel. Step 2, exhaust gas removal: When the air quality in the tunnel deteriorates, the air-gathering ring (43) is driven to rotate by the adjustment mechanism (44), so that the output end of the air-gathering ring (43) is aligned with the bottom of the exhaust pipe (3). At this time, when the first motor (41) is started and the fan (42) is driven to rotate, the air discharged from the air-gathering chamber (431) rushes into the exhaust pipe (3), thereby driving the air in the tunnel into the exhaust pipe (3) to exhaust the exhaust gas in the tunnel.

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