Hydrogen supply system based on BCC solid hydrogen storage, hydrogen-electricity hybrid electric vehicle and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen supply system based on BCC solid hydrogen storage, a hydrogen-electricity hybrid electric vehicle and a method, the hydrogen supply system comprises a hydrogen storage tank, a BCC solid hydrogen storage alloy for storing hydrogen and a pressure / temperature sensor are arranged in the hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen charging pipeline and a hydrogen discharging pipeline are arranged on the hydrogen storage tank, and an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the hydrogen discharging pipeline; the hydrogen engine is connected with the hydrogen storage tank through a hydrogen release pipeline and is used for combusting hydrogen to generate power; the heat recovery system is used for recovering waste heat of the hydrogen engine and receiving a starting instruction of the controller so as to transfer heat generated by the hydrogen engine into the hydrogen storage tank, and heating and hydrogen supplying are conducted on the BCC solid hydrogen storage alloy low-hydrogen-pressure platform; and the controller is connected with the electromagnetic valve, the pressure / temperature sensor and the heat recovery system, and is used for receiving the pressure and the temperature collected by the pressure sensor and sending an instruction for starting the low-hydrogen-pressure platform to heat and release hydrogen to the heat recovery system when the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank is smaller than the preset pressure.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of hybrid vehicles, in particular to a hydrogen supply system based on BCC solid-state hydrogen storage, a hydrogen-electric hybrid vehicle and a method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hydrogen energy vehicles refer to vehicles using hydrogen as energy, and the chemical energy generated by hydrogen reaction is converted into electric energy or mechanical energy to drive the vehicle. For example, a vehicle driven by a hydrogen fuel cell converts the chemical energy of hydrogen in a hydrogen storage tank into electric energy through the electrochemical reaction of the hydrogen fuel cell to provide kinetic energy for the vehicle. A hydrogen internal combustion engine converts the chemical energy of hydrogen in a hydrogen storage tank into mechanical energy to provide kinetic energy for the vehicle. Since the BCC solid-state hydrogen storage material has a high hydrogen storage capacity of about 4 wt.%, a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle introduces the BCC solid-state hydrogen storage material for hydrogen storage to improve the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank and the flexible driving distance of the vehicle.

[0003] The BCC solid-state hydrogen storage material is a vanadium-based body-centered cubic structure (BCC type) solid-state hydrogen storage alloy. Its hydrogen absorption and release curve can be referred to FIG. 1. Figure 1 The vertical coordinate represents the hydrogen storage pressure of the hydrogen storage alloy, and the horizontal coordinate represents the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage alloy. The entire hydrogen charging process is as follows. When the hydrogen storage tank is continuously charged with hydrogen, the BCC solid-state hydrogen storage alloy absorbs hydrogen to become an alpha phase (hydrogen solid solution phase), and the pressure gradually increases. When the hydrogen storage pressure reaches a low plateau region (P1), the alpha phase gradually changes into a beta1 phase (V2H compound phase), and the hydrogen storage pressure of the hydrogen storage alloy remains unchanged until the beta1 phase is completely changed. When the hydrogen continues to be charged, the beta1 phase gradually changes into a beta2 phase (VH compound phase), and the hydrogen storage pressure of the hydrogen storage alloy continuously increases and eventually completely changes into the beta2 phase. When the hydrogen storage pressure reaches a high plateau region (P2), the beta2 phase gradually changes into a gamma phase (VH2 compound phase), and the hydrogen storage pressure of the hydrogen storage alloy remains unchanged until the gamma phase is completely changed, and the hydrogen charging is completed. The hydrogen release process is the reverse of the hydrogen charging process, and the hydrogen charging and discharging is a reversible process.

[0004] Currently, when the hydrogen fuel cell uses the hydrogen absorbed by the BCC solid-state hydrogen storage alloy, the hydrogen storage tank will automatically release hydrogen when the external pressure is lower than P2. However, the amount of hydrogen released at this time is usually not more than 2.5% (weight ratio), that is, although the BCC solid-state hydrogen storage has a large hydrogen storage capacity, it is difficult to release as much hydrogen as possible for the fuel cell when it is used with the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0005] Furthermore, the mainstream fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and the noble metal catalyst is the core of the fuel cell, that is, the fuel cell must rely on noble metals when converting hydrogen energy into chemical energy. The price of noble metals is relatively high, which undoubtedly increases the cost of hydrogen energy vehicles. SUMMARY

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the application provides a hydrogen supply system based on BCC solid-state hydrogen storage, a hydrogen-electric hybrid vehicle and a method.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purposes, the application adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the application provides a hydrogen supply system based on BCC solid-state hydrogen storage, which comprises: a hydrogen storage tank, which is internally provided with a BCC solid-state hydrogen storage alloy for hydrogen storage and a pressure / temperature sensor, and is externally provided with a hydrogen charging pipeline and a hydrogen releasing pipeline, the hydrogen releasing pipeline being provided with an electromagnetic valve; a hydrogen engine, which is connected to the hydrogen storage tank through the hydrogen releasing pipeline and is used for burning hydrogen to generate power; a heat recovery system, which is used for recovering the waste heat of the hydrogen engine and transmitting the heat generated by the hydrogen engine to the hydrogen storage tank to heat the BCC solid-state hydrogen storage alloy at a low hydrogen pressure platform for hydrogen supply upon receiving an opening instruction from a controller; a controller, which is connected to the electromagnetic valve, the pressure / temperature sensor and the heat recovery system, and is used for receiving the pressure and temperature collected by the pressure sensor and sending an opening instruction for heating and releasing hydrogen at a low hydrogen pressure platform to the heat recovery system when the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank is less than a preset pressure.

[0008] Further, the heat recovery system comprises a coil arranged in the hydrogen storage tank and a cooling pipeline arranged on the shell of the hydrogen engine, the cooling pipeline and the coil form a heat exchange circuit through a circulating pump and a communication pipeline.

[0009] Further, the hydrogen storage tank is sequentially wrapped with a heat insulation layer and an explosion-proof buffer layer made of rubber and plastic.

[0010] Further, the medium in the heat recovery system is heat-conducting oil or inert gas.

[0011] Further, the heat exchange temperature of the heat recovery system for the hydrogen storage tank is 350-450 DEG C.

[0012] In a second aspect, the application provides a hydrogen-electric hybrid vehicle, which comprises an electric motor and a hydrogen supply system based on BCC solid-state hydrogen storage, the hydrogen engine being connected to the electric motor through a clutch and being used for starting when the vehicle speed reaches a preset speed, the electric motor being connected to a power storage battery through a first control switch and being used for starting when the vehicle starts and accelerates, the electric motor being connected to a mechanical transmission mechanism for driving the rotation of the vehicle wheels through a gearbox, and the controller, the clutch and the first control switch being connected to a vehicle-mounted controller.

[0013] Further, the hydrogen-electric hybrid vehicle further comprises a power sensor for collecting the power of the power storage battery, the power storage battery is provided with a connecting wire connected with the motor and / or a charging interface connected with an external charging power source, the connecting wire is provided with a second control switch electrically connected with the vehicle-mounted controller, and the power sensor is electrically connected with the vehicle-mounted controller.

[0014] Further, the mechanical transmission mechanism comprises a transmission shaft connected with the output shaft of the gearbox, and the transmission shaft is connected with the half shaft driving the wheel movement through a differential.

[0015] In a third aspect, a control method of a hydrogen-electric hybrid vehicle is provided, which comprises the following steps: S1, when the vehicle-mounted controller receives a vehicle starting signal, the first control switch is turned on to connect the power storage battery with the motor to drive the wheel movement; S2, when the vehicle-mounted controller receives the vehicle speed collected by the vehicle speed sensor, the first control switch is turned off when the speed reaches a preset speed, and the controller is controlled to start the hydrogen engine and the electromagnetic valve to supply hydrogen; S3, the vehicle-mounted controller receives the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank collected by the pressure sensor and the position information collected by the position sensor at the accelerator pedal in real time, and then enters step S4 and step S5; S4, it is judged whether the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank is less than a preset pressure, if yes, step S6 is entered, otherwise, step S3 is returned; S5, it is judged whether the position information collected by the position sensor is greater than a preset value, if yes, step S7 is entered, otherwise, step S3 is returned; S6, the heat recovery system is started to recover the waste heat generated by the hydrogen engine, and the heat is transferred to the hydrogen storage tank to heat the BCC solid-state hydrogen storage alloy low-hydrogen pressure platform area to supply hydrogen, and then returns to step S3; S7, the first control switch is turned on to connect the power storage battery with the motor until the change rate of the vehicle speed is less than a preset change rate, the first control switch is turned off, and step S3 is returned.

[0016] Further, the control method of the hydrogen-electric hybrid vehicle further comprises controlling the gearbox to recover the kinetic energy of the wheel and transfer it to the motor to charge the power storage battery when the vehicle-mounted controller detects that the vehicle is decelerating or braking.

[0017] The hydrogen engine and the BCC solid-state hydrogen storage alloy are matched, when the hydrogen storage pressure is located in the high-pressure flat region, as long as the external pressure is lower than the pressure of the high-pressure flat region, hydrogen can be automatically released to supply the hydrogen engine, and daily commuting use of the vehicle can be met; when the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank decreases to a certain value during use, the heat recovery system can be started to heat the hydrogen storage tank, so that the BCC solid-state hydrogen storage alloy in the low-pressure flat region continues to release hydrogen, so that the hydrogen is maximized, and the use of the vehicle in long-distance and emergency situations is met.

[0018] The hydrogen application of the BCC solid-state hydrogen storage alloy can fully recover the heat generated by the hydrogen engine to heat the BCC solid-state hydrogen storage alloy in the low-pressure flat region, so that the hydrogen is maximized, and no additional heat source is needed; the hydrogen engine and the BCC solid-state hydrogen storage alloy are matched, without introducing high-value noble metals, the hydrogen energy is fully utilized, and the cost is controlled.

[0019] The hydrogen-electric hybrid vehicle needs a lot of power when starting and accelerating, and if the power of the hydrogen engine is not very large, it is difficult to meet the power demand of the vehicle during starting and accelerating, and a large-power hydrogen engine (such as 120KW) is very expensive, which undoubtedly increases the cost of the vehicle. The power storage battery provides power when starting, and the power storage battery and the hydrogen engine cooperate to provide power when accelerating, which can reduce the demand for hydrogen engine power, that is, the cooperation of the hydrogen engine and the power storage battery can normally work with a small-power hydrogen engine (such as 50KW), thereby reducing the cost of the vehicle.

[0020] Compared with the traditional high-pressure hydrogen storage system (high-pressure tank has safety hazards and is large in size), the solid-state hydrogen storage is safer and more compact; the total hydrogen storage capacity of the BCC solid-state hydrogen storage alloy can reach 4%, which improves the hydrogen storage capacity; when the vehicle is normally driven, the hydrogen in the high-pressure flat region (β2+γ phase) is directly used for power supply without additional heating; after the hydrogen in the high-pressure flat region is used up, the hydrogen storage device is heated by the engine waste heat to increase the hydrogen pressure in the low-pressure flat region, which meets the long-distance or emergency demand. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The background technology is a hydrogen absorption and desorption curve diagram of a vanadium-based body-centered cubic structure (BCC type) solid-state hydrogen storage alloy.

[0022] Figure 2 The principle block diagram of the hydrogen supply system based on the BCC solid-state hydrogen storage.

[0023] Figure 3 The principle block diagram of the hydrogen-electric hybrid vehicle.

[0024] Figure 4Flow chart of control method for hydrogen-electric hybrid vehicle.

[0025] 1, hydrogen storage tank; 11, pressure sensor; 12, hydrogen charging pipeline; 13, hydrogen discharging pipeline; 14, electromagnetic valve; 2, hydrogen engine; 3, heat recovery system; 31, coil pipe; 32, cooling pipeline; 33, communication pipeline; 34, circulating pump; 4, controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The specific embodiments of the present application are described below to facilitate the understanding of the present application for those skilled in the art, but it should be clear that the present application is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments, and for those skilled in the art, it is obvious that various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present application defined and determined by the appended claims, and all the applications utilizing the concept of the present application are within the scope of protection.

[0027] As shown in Figure 2 The hydrogen supply system based on BCC solid-state hydrogen storage provided by the present application comprises: a hydrogen storage tank 1, which is internally provided with a BCC solid-state hydrogen storage alloy for storing hydrogen and a pressure / temperature sensor 11, and is provided with a hydrogen charging pipeline 12 and a hydrogen discharging pipeline 13 thereon, and the hydrogen discharging pipeline 13 is provided with an electromagnetic valve 14; a hydrogen engine 2, which is connected with the hydrogen storage tank 1 through the hydrogen discharging pipeline 13 and is used for burning hydrogen to generate power; a heat recovery system 3, which is used for recovering the waste heat of the hydrogen engine and, upon receiving an opening instruction from a controller 4, transmits the heat generated by the hydrogen engine 2 to the hydrogen storage tank 1 to heat the BCC solid-state hydrogen storage alloy; the controller 4, which is connected with the electromagnetic valve 14, the pressure / temperature sensor 11 and the heat recovery system 3, is used for receiving the pressure / temperature collected by the pressure / temperature sensor 11 and sending an opening instruction to the heat recovery system 3 when the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank 1 is less than a preset pressure, and the present application preferably sends the opening instruction to the heat recovery system 3 when the difference between the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank 1 and the pressure in the low plateau region is less than the preset pressure.

[0028] In implementation, the heat recovery system 3 preferably comprises a coil pipe 31 arranged in the hydrogen storage tank 1 and a cooling pipeline 32 arranged on the shell of the hydrogen engine 2, and the cooling pipeline 32 forms a heat exchange loop with the coil pipe 31 through a circulating pump 34 and a communication pipeline 33.

[0029] The scheme is started by using the power storage battery to provide energy, and when accelerating, the power storage battery and the hydrogen engine 2 cooperate to provide energy, so that the automobile does not need to be equipped with a large-power hydrogen engine 2 to ensure the normal operation of the automobile, that is, the cooperation of the hydrogen engine 2 and the power storage battery can reduce the demand for engine power, thereby reducing the cost of the automobile.

[0030] The heat recovery system 3 of the scheme only starts the low hydrogen pressure platform heating and hydrogen release when the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank 1 is less than the preset pressure, at which time the medium is circulated in the cooling pipeline 32, the communication pipeline 33 and the coil 31 to transfer the heat generated in the hydrogen engine 2 to the hydrogen storage tank 1 to promote the release of hydrogen gas from the BCC solid-state hydrogen storage alloy.

[0031] In the implementation, the hydrogen storage tank 1 is preferably wrapped with a heat insulation layer and an rubber-plastic explosion-proof buffer layer in sequence, the heat insulation layer can avoid heat exchange between the hydrogen storage tank 1 and the outside, and improve the heat utilization efficiency; the setting of the rubber-plastic explosion-proof buffer layer can improve the safety of the hydrogen storage tank 1 under automobile vibration and collision.

[0032] The medium in the heat recovery system 3 is preferably heat-conducting oil or inert gas; the heat exchange temperature of the heat recovery system 3 to the hydrogen storage tank 1 is 350-450℃; the setting of the temperature can accelerate the increase of the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank 1 to accelerate the release of hydrogen gas from the BCC solid-state hydrogen storage alloy in the low pressure platform area.

[0033] As shown in Figure 3 The scheme also provides a hydrogen-electric hybrid vehicle, which comprises an electric motor and a hydrogen supply system based on BCC solid-state hydrogen storage, the hydrogen engine is connected with the electric motor through a clutch and is used for starting when the vehicle speed reaches a preset speed; the electric motor is connected with a power storage battery through a first control switch, and the power storage battery is used for starting when the vehicle starts and accelerates; the electric motor is connected with a mechanical transmission mechanism for driving the rotation of the vehicle wheels through a gearbox; the controller 4, the clutch and the first control switch are all connected with a vehicle-mounted controller 4.

[0034] In an embodiment of the present application, the hydrogen-electric hybrid vehicle further comprises an electric quantity sensor for collecting the electric quantity of the power storage battery, the power storage battery is provided with a connecting wire connected with the electric motor and / or a charging interface connected with an external charging power supply, the connecting wire is provided with a second control switch electrically connected with the vehicle-mounted controller 4, and the electric quantity sensor is electrically connected with the vehicle-mounted controller 4; when the electric quantity of the power storage battery is lower than a preset current and the vehicle is not accelerating, the hydrogen engine 2 is controlled to charge the power storage battery through the electric motor.

[0035] The power storage battery of the scheme adopts the above setting mode, can be powered by external voltage, and when the power storage battery has low power and the automobile is not accelerated during automobile starting, the hydrogen engine 2 can charge the power storage battery through the electric motor, so that the normal work of the power storage battery can be ensured when the automobile suddenly accelerates and needs large energy.

[0036] In implementation, the mechanical transmission mechanism preferably comprises a transmission shaft connected with the output shaft of the gearbox, and the transmission shaft is connected with the half shaft driving the wheel movement through a differential.

[0037] As shown in Figure 4 , Figure 4 The flow chart of the control method of the hydrogen-electric hybrid automobile is shown in Figure 4 , and the method S comprises steps S1-S7, and the method is only applicable when the automobile starts.

[0038] In step S1, when the vehicle controller 4 receives the automobile starting signal, the first control switch is turned on to connect the power storage battery and the electric motor to drive the wheel movement. In step S2, the vehicle controller 4 receives the automobile running speed collected by the speed sensor of the automobile, and when the speed reaches the preset speed, the first control switch is turned off, and the controller 4 is controlled to start the hydrogen engine 2 and the electromagnetic valve 14 to supply hydrogen. In step S3, the vehicle controller 4 receives the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank 1 collected by the pressure sensor 11 and the position information collected by the position sensor at the accelerator pedal in real time, and then enters step S4 and step S5. In step S4, it is judged whether the pressure in the gas tank is less than the preset pressure, if yes, step S6 is entered, otherwise step S3 is returned. In step S5, it is judged whether the position information collected by the position sensor is greater than the preset value, if yes, step S7 is entered, otherwise step S3 is returned. In step S6, the heat recovery system 3 is started to transfer the heat generated by the hydrogen engine 2 to the hydrogen storage tank 1 to heat the BCC solid-state hydrogen storage alloy low-hydrogen pressure platform to supply hydrogen, and then returns to step S3. In step S7, the first control switch is turned on to connect the power storage battery and the electric motor, until the change rate of the automobile running speed is less than the preset change rate, the first control switch is turned off, and step S3 is returned.

[0039] In implementation, the control method of the hydrogen-electric hybrid automobile preferably further comprises that when the vehicle controller 4 detects that the automobile is decelerating or braking, the gearbox is controlled to recover the kinetic energy of the wheel and transfer it to the electric motor to charge the power storage battery. Through this way, part of the energy released by the deceleration of the automobile can be recovered, so as to maximize the utilization of energy.

[0040] In summary, the hydrogen supply system of the present scheme can ensure the convenience of daily short-distance travel and meet long-distance demand by flexible use of the heat of the BCC solid hydrogen storage alloy and the hydrogen engine 2, while taking into account safety and hydrogen storage capacity.

Claims

1. A hydrogen supply system based on BCC solid-state hydrogen storage, characterized in that: include: A hydrogen storage tank, which is provided with a BCC solid hydrogen storage alloy and a pressure / temperature sensor for storing hydrogen, and is provided with a hydrogen charging pipe and a hydrogen discharging pipe, and the hydrogen discharging pipe is provided with a solenoid valve; A hydrogen engine, which is connected to a hydrogen storage tank via a hydrogen discharge pipeline and is used to burn hydrogen to generate power; The heat recovery system is used to recover waste heat from the hydrogen engine and, upon receiving a start command from the controller, transfer the heat generated by the hydrogen engine to the hydrogen storage tank to heat the BCC solid-state hydrogen storage alloy low-hydrogen pressure platform to supply hydrogen; The controller is connected to the solenoid valve, pressure / temperature sensor and heat recovery system, and is used to receive the pressure / temperature collected by the pressure / temperature sensor, and send an instruction to the heat recovery system to start the low hydrogen pressure platform heating and hydrogen release when the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank is lower than the preset pressure.

2. The hydrogen supply system based on BCC solid-state hydrogen storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heat recovery system includes a coil arranged in the hydrogen storage tank and a cooling pipe arranged on the hydrogen engine housing. The cooling pipe forms a heat exchange loop with the coil through a circulation pump and a connecting pipe.

3. The hydrogen supply system based on BCC solid-state hydrogen storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hydrogen storage tank is wrapped with a heat insulation layer and a rubber and plastic explosion-proof buffer layer in sequence.

4. The hydrogen supply system based on BCC solid-state hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium in the heat recovery system is thermal oil or inert gas.

5. The hydrogen supply system based on BCC solid-state hydrogen storage according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The heat exchange temperature of the heat recovery system for the hydrogen storage tank is 350~450℃.

6. A hydrogen-electric hybrid vehicle, characterized in that: It comprises an electric motor and a hydrogen supply system based on BCC solid-state hydrogen storage as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the hydrogen engine is connected to the electric motor via a clutch and is used to start when the vehicle speed reaches a preset speed; the electric motor is connected to a power battery via a first control switch, and the power battery is used to start when the vehicle starts and accelerates; the electric motor is connected to a mechanical transmission mechanism that drives the wheels to rotate via a gearbox; and the controller, clutch and first control switch are all connected to an on-board controller.

7. The hydrogen-electric hybrid vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a power sensor for collecting the power of the power battery. The power battery is provided with a connecting wire connected to the electric motor and / or a charging interface connected to an external charging power supply. The connecting wire is provided with a second control switch electrically connected to the on-board controller. The power sensor is electrically connected to the on-board controller. When the power of the power battery is lower than the preset current and the car is not accelerating, the hydrogen engine is controlled to charge the power battery through the electric motor.

8. The hydrogen-electric hybrid vehicle according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The mechanical transmission mechanism includes a transmission shaft connected to the output shaft of the gearbox, and the transmission shaft is connected to the half-axles that drive the wheels through a differential.

9. A control method for a hydrogen-electric hybrid vehicle according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that: Including steps: S1: When the vehicle controller receives the vehicle start signal, it turns on the first control switch to connect the power battery and the motor to drive the wheels; S2, the on-board controller receives the vehicle's speed collected by the vehicle's speed sensor, and when the speed reaches a preset speed, closes the first control switch and controls the controller to start the hydrogen engine and the solenoid valve to supply hydrogen; S3, the vehicle controller receives in real time the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank collected by the pressure sensor and the position information collected by the position sensor at the accelerator pedal, and then proceeds to step S4 and step S5; S4, determine whether the pressure in the gas storage tank is less than the preset pressure, if so, go to step S6, otherwise return to step S3; S5, determine whether the position information collected by the position sensor is greater than a preset value, if so, proceed to step S7, otherwise return to step S3; S6. Start the heat recovery system to recover waste heat generated by the hydrogen engine and transfer the heat to the hydrogen storage tank to heat the low hydrogen pressure platform area of ​​the BCC solid hydrogen storage alloy and supply hydrogen, then return to step S3; S7. Turn on the first control switch to conduct the power battery and the electric motor until the rate of change of the vehicle's driving speed is less than the preset rate of change, turn off the first control switch, and return to step S3.

10. The control method of a hydrogen-electric hybrid vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes controlling the gearbox to recover the kinetic energy of the wheels and transfer it to the electric motor to charge the power battery when the on-board controller detects that the car is decelerating or braking.

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