An intelligent hoisting device and method for construction of a frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe

Abstract

The application discloses an intelligent hoisting device and method for construction of a frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe, and relates to the technical field of hoisting equipment. The first clamping mechanism and the second clamping mechanism simultaneously act on the inner wall and the outer wall of the ventilation pipe, three-dimensional clamping is realized, the problem that the traditional single-point clamping is easy to slip is effectively avoided, and in particular, the air bag is inflated and expanded, and is flexibly attached to the pipe wall, so that damage to the pipe material caused by rigid clamping is avoided, the friction force is increased by increasing the contact area, and the stability of the pipe material during hoisting is ensured. The drive roller is driven to rotate by the hydraulic motor, the ventilation pipe is driven to rotate at a low speed by the friction force, the contact pressure is monitored in real time by the pressure sensor, stable connection between the drive roller and the ventilation pipe can be realized, the stability of the ventilation pipe during hoisting is ensured, and before the ventilation pipe is installed at the installation position, the specific installation surface of the pipe material can be accurately adjusted to face the ground according to requirements, and the ventilation pipe installation surface does not need to be adjusted by other equipment after hoisting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hoisting equipment technology, specifically to an intelligent hoisting device and method for constructing ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrades. Background Technology

[0002] Frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe is a type of pipe structure that is laid horizontally in roadbed engineering in permafrost areas. By utilizing the natural or forced convection of cold air, it actively regulates the roadbed temperature, maintains the frozen state of the foundation permafrost, and prevents the permafrost from melting, causing roadbed settlement or deformation due to temperature rise, thereby ensuring the stability of the roadbed.

[0003] The ventilation pipe is made of precast reinforced concrete. The length, diameter and wall thickness of each pipe section can be customized according to the requirements. The lower half of the ventilation pipe is evenly equipped with multiple rows of ventilation holes. The ventilation holes serve as channels for cold air to enter. The cold air flows into the ventilation pipe through the ventilation holes and sinks naturally due to the density difference, replacing the hot air in the pipe and taking away the heat from the surrounding soil, thus preventing roadbed settlement caused by the thawing of frozen soil.

[0004] In addition, when installing roadbed ventilation pipes, the orientation of the ventilation holes on their outer walls should be selected according to the actual environment. For example, in soft soil foundations or areas with loose fill, the ventilation holes should be oriented vertically downwards to reduce the risk of direct cover by fill. In areas with a clear prevailing wind direction, the ventilation holes should be oriented upwind to enhance the introduction of cold air by utilizing natural wind pressure.

[0005] Referring to the pipeline laying construction hoisting device disclosed in patent application CN117775964A, the elastic deformation of the deformable part can adapt to different pipe diameters. When clamping smaller diameter pipes, the contact area between the clamp and the pipe is larger, avoiding excessive stress concentration that could damage the pipe. When clamping larger diameter pipes, the contact area between the clamp and the pipe is larger, resulting in a larger clamping force on the pipe and preventing unstable clamping. This ensures the integrity of the pipeline while avoiding unnecessary losses.

[0006] The existing pipe hoisting devices described above have the following drawbacks in practical use:

[0007] Once the hoisting device lifts the pipe, it completely locks the pipe's position, preventing it from rotating around its own axis. Therefore, when the pipe is placed in the installation position, it still maintains its original state from when it was hoisted. As a result, if the installation requires a specific side of the pipe to face the ground, the current hoisting device alone cannot achieve this. After hoisting, other auxiliary equipment is still needed to adjust the pipe's orientation, thus increasing the complexity and difficulty of pipe installation. For example, a pipe laying construction hoisting device with publication number CN117775964A can stably lift the pipe, but it also locks the pipe's axial position simultaneously, making it impossible to flexibly adjust according to the installation requirement that a specific side of the pipe must face the ground, thus increasing the installation difficulty.

[0008] Therefore, this invention proposes an intelligent hoisting device and method for the construction of ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrades to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an intelligent hoisting device and method for constructing ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrades. This solves the problem that current hoisting devices completely lock the pipe's position after lifting it, preventing it from rotating around its own axis. Therefore, when the pipe is placed in the installation position, it retains its original hoisting state. If the installation requires a specific side of the pipe to face the ground, this cannot be achieved with current hoisting devices alone. After hoisting, other auxiliary equipment is still needed to adjust the pipe's orientation, thus increasing the complexity and difficulty of pipe installation.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: an intelligent hoisting device for the construction of ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrade, comprising a hoisting frame for hoisting ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrade and an intelligent controller fixedly installed on the side wall of the hoisting frame, and further comprising a storage cylinder fixedly installed on the front and rear side walls of the hoisting frame, wherein each storage cylinder has a telescopic arm slidably installed on the left and right sides inside, and a crossbar is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of two adjacent telescopic arms, and a boom assembly is provided on the outer wall of the crossbar, the boom assembly comprising a side plate fixedly installed at the bottom of the crossbar, and connecting parts fixedly installed on the opposite side walls of the two side plates;

[0011] A first clamping mechanism and a second clamping mechanism are respectively provided between the two connecting parts for simultaneously clamping the inner and outer walls of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe. After the first clamping mechanism and the second clamping mechanism are pre-connected to both ends of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe, the two boom assemblies are used to inflate the inside of the first clamping mechanism or the second clamping mechanism in the opposite position to complete the simultaneous expansion and clamping of the inner and outer walls of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe. During the hoisting process, the rotation drive mechanism is used to press the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe or rotate a specific surface of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe toward the ground.

[0012] Furthermore, a first hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed on both sides of the inner wall of the hoisting frame. The drive shafts of the two first hydraulic cylinders slide through the hoisting frame and are fixedly connected to the side wall of the crossbar at the adjacent position. The top ends of the four steel cables at the four corners of the top of the hoisting frame are connected by the same lifting ring.

[0013] Furthermore, the first clamping mechanism and the second clamping mechanism have the same structure. The first clamping mechanism includes a bearing cylinder and a piston that is sealed and slidably disposed inside the bearing cylinder. A first spring is fixedly disposed between the piston and the inner wall of the bearing cylinder. A plurality of support arm assemblies are uniformly fixedly disposed on the outer wall of the bearing cylinder, and a clamping arm assembly is disposed inside each support arm assembly.

[0014] Furthermore, the support arm assembly includes a support arm fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the bearing cylinder. The support arm has a sliding groove inside, and a clearance groove communicating with the sliding groove is provided on the side wall of the support arm. A scale groove for marking the position of the clamping arm assembly is provided on the outer wall of the support arm near the clearance groove. A limiting groove is also provided on the side wall of the support arm. Guide rods are fixedly provided at the four corners of the bottom of the limiting groove. A first limiting toothed plate is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of a plurality of guide rods. A second spring is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the guide rod and located between the first limiting toothed plate and the limiting groove.

[0015] Furthermore, the clamping arm assembly includes a slider and a second limiting toothed plate fixedly disposed on the top of the slider. A turntable is rotatably disposed on the side wall of the slider. A clamping roller is detachably disposed on the side wall of the turntable by bolts. An air bladder is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the clamping roller. An air cavity is also opened at one end of the clamping roller. An air nozzle that can communicate with the air bladder is fixedly disposed inside the air cavity. One end of the air nozzle is rotatably connected to an air supply pipe. One end of the air supply pipe rotatably passes through the turntable and the slider and is connected to a flexible air tube.

[0016] Furthermore, the rotary drive mechanism includes a support frame fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the hoisting frame. Lifting rods slide through both sides of the top of the support frame, and a wheel frame is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the two lifting rods. A second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted on the top of the support frame and between the two lifting rods. The output shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder slides through the support frame and is connected to the wheel frame. A pressure sensor is also fixedly mounted between the output shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder and the outer wall of the wheel frame to detect the pressure applied by the output shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder relative to the outer wall of the wheel frame in real time.

[0017] Furthermore, a drive shaft is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the wheel frame, and a drive roller is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the drive shaft. A rubber anti-slip sleeve is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the drive roller. A first support plate and a second support plate are rotatably mounted on the outer wall of the drive shaft located between the drive roller and the wheel frame. A damper is rotatably connected between the side walls of the first and second support plates and the outer wall of the wheel frame. A limit roller is rotatably mounted between the two first support plates and the two second support plates in relative positions. A hydraulic motor is also fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the wheel frame. The output shaft of the hydraulic motor rotatably passes through the wheel frame and is fixedly connected to the drive shaft.

[0018] Furthermore, both the support frame and the second hydraulic cylinder are controlled by an intelligent controller.

[0019] This invention also discloses an intelligent hoisting method for the construction of ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrades, and an intelligent hoisting device for the construction of ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrades. The method includes the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: First, adjust the hoisting dimensions of the first clamping mechanism and the second clamping mechanism according to the inner and outer diameters of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe, and pre-assemble the first clamping mechanism and the second clamping mechanism at both ends of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe.

[0021] Step 2: Using the intelligent controller, the connecting parts in the boom assemblies on both sides of the hoisting frame are assembled with the first clamping mechanism and the second clamping mechanism respectively. The first clamping mechanism and the second clamping mechanism are simultaneously driven by the boom assembly to expand and clamp the inner and outer walls of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe, maintaining stable contact between the first clamping mechanism, the second clamping mechanism and the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe.

[0022] Step 3: The crane hook lifts the hoisting frame to the installation position, and the position of a specific face of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe facing the ground is adjusted by the rotation drive mechanism above the installation position. After the adjustment is completed, the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe is placed on the installation position.

[0023] This invention provides an intelligent hoisting device and method for constructing ventilation pipes in frozen soil roadbeds. Compared with existing technologies, it has the following advantages:

[0024] 1. An intelligent hoisting device and method for ventilation pipe construction in frozen soil subgrade. The device achieves three-dimensional clamping by simultaneously applying a first clamping mechanism and a second clamping mechanism to the inner and outer walls of the ventilation pipe. This effectively avoids the problem of easy slippage caused by traditional single-point clamping. It is especially suitable for scenarios in frozen soil areas where the pipe material becomes more brittle due to low temperatures. In particular, the airbag expands by inflation and flexibly fits the pipe wall, which not only avoids damage to the pipe material caused by rigid clamping, but also increases the contact area and friction, ensuring the stability of the pipe material during hoisting.

[0025] 2. An intelligent hoisting device and method for constructing ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrades. A hydraulic motor drives a drive roller to rotate, utilizing friction to rotate the ventilation pipe at a low speed. Combined with a pressure sensor that monitors contact pressure in real time, a stable connection between the drive roller and the ventilation pipe is achieved. This ensures the stability of the ventilation pipe during hoisting and allows for precise adjustment of the pipe's installation surface towards the ground before hoisting, eliminating the need for post-hoisting adjustments using other equipment. Furthermore, an intelligent controller coordinates the actions of the hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic motor, automating the entire "rotation-positioning-release" process, reducing manual intervention, and improving construction accuracy and efficiency.

[0026] 3. An intelligent hoisting device and method for construction of ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrade, wherein the slider slides in the groove of the support arm and the position is locked by the limiting tooth plate, and the radial distance of the clamping arm assembly can be quickly adjusted to adapt to the hoisting work of ventilation pipes with different inner and outer diameters.

[0027] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the decomposed state structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly state of the permafrost roadbed ventilation pipe and the first clamping mechanism and the second clamping mechanism of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first cross-sectional structure of the first clamping mechanism of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A magnified structural diagram of part A in the diagram;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the second cross-sectional structure of the first clamping mechanism of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 A magnified structural diagram of part B in the diagram;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the assembled structure of the clamping arm assembly and the support arm of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 A magnified structural diagram of part C in the diagram;

[0038] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the clamping arm assembly of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the rotary drive component structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 13 For the present invention Figure 12 A magnified structural diagram of part D in the diagram.

[0041] In the diagram: 1. Lifting frame; 2. Steel cable; 3. Storage cylinder; 4. Telescopic arm; 5. Crossbar; 6. Side plate; 7. Connecting component; 8. First clamping mechanism; 81. Bearing cylinder; 82. Piston; 83. First spring; 84. Support arm assembly; 841. Support arm; 842. Slide groove; 843. Clearance groove; 844. Scale groove; 845. Limiting groove; 846. Guide rod; 847. First limiting toothed plate; 848. Second spring; 85. Clamping arm assembly; 851. Slider; 852. Second limiting... Positioning plate; 853, turntable; 854, clamping roller; 855, airbag; 856, air chamber; 857, air nozzle; 858, air supply pipe; 9, second clamping mechanism; 10, first hydraulic cylinder; 11, rotary drive mechanism; 111, support frame; 112, lifting rod; 113, wheel frame; 114, second hydraulic cylinder; 115, pressure sensor; 116, drive roller; 117, first support plate; 118, second support plate; 119, damper; 1110, limit roller; 1111, hydraulic motor. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] This invention provides three technical solutions: an intelligent hoisting device for the construction of ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrades, specifically including the following embodiments:

[0044] like Figures 1-5The first embodiment is shown: an intelligent hoisting device for the construction of ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrade, including a hoisting frame 1 for hoisting ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrade and an intelligent controller fixedly installed on the side wall of the hoisting frame 1. It also includes a storage cylinder 3 fixedly installed on the front and rear side walls of the hoisting frame 1. Each storage cylinder 3 has a telescopic arm 4 slidably installed on the left and right sides inside. A crossbar 5 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of two adjacent telescopic arms 4. A boom assembly is installed on the outer wall of the crossbar 5. The boom assembly includes a side plate 6 fixedly installed at the bottom of the crossbar 5. A connecting piece 7 is fixedly installed on the opposite side wall of the two side plates 6.

[0045] A first clamping mechanism 8 and a second clamping mechanism 9 are respectively provided between the two connecting parts 7 for simultaneously clamping the inner and outer walls of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe. After the first clamping mechanism 8 and the second clamping mechanism 9 are pre-connected to both ends of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe, the two boom assemblies are used to inflate the inside of the first clamping mechanism 8 or the second clamping mechanism 9 in the opposite position to complete the simultaneous expansion and clamping of the inner and outer walls of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe. During the hoisting process, the rotary drive mechanism 11 is used to press the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe or rotate a specific surface of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe toward the ground.

[0046] In this embodiment, two first hydraulic cylinders 10 are fixedly installed on both sides of the inner wall of the hoisting frame 1. The drive shafts of the two first hydraulic cylinders 10 slide through the hoisting frame 1 and are fixedly connected to the side wall of the crossbar 5 at the adjacent position respectively. The top of the four steel cables 2 at the top four corners of the hoisting frame 1 are connected by the same lifting ring.

[0047] like Figures 5-11 A second embodiment is shown, differing from the first embodiment in that the first clamping mechanism 8 and the second clamping mechanism 9 have the same structure. The first clamping mechanism 8 includes a bearing cylinder 81 and a piston 82 that is slidably and sealed inside the bearing cylinder 81. A first spring 83 is fixedly disposed between the piston 82 and the inner wall of the bearing cylinder 81. A plurality of support arm assemblies 84 are uniformly fixedly disposed on the outer wall of the bearing cylinder 81. Each support arm assembly 84 has a clamping arm assembly 85 disposed inside it. The two upper clamping arm assemblies 85 and the two lower clamping arm assemblies 85 are all on the same horizontal plane. The two upper clamping arm assemblies 85 are used to expand and clamp the inner wall of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe. These two upper clamping arm assemblies 85 are at the top during hoisting. The two lower clamping arm assemblies 85 are used to expand and clamp the outer wall of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe. These two lower clamping arm assemblies 85 are at the bottom during hoisting. The inner radius of the bearing cylinder 81 is adapted to the outer diameter of the connecting piece 7.

[0048] In this embodiment, the support arm assembly 84 includes a support arm 841 fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the bearing cylinder 81. The support arm 841 has a sliding groove 842 inside, and a clearance groove 843 communicating with the sliding groove 842 is provided on the side wall of the support arm 841. A scale groove 844 for marking the position of the clamping arm assembly 85 is provided on the outer wall of the support arm 841 near the clearance groove 843. A limiting groove 845 is also provided on the side wall of the support arm 841. Guide rods 846 are fixedly mounted at the four corners of the bottom of the limiting groove 845. A first limiting toothed plate 847 is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the multiple guide rods 846. A second spring 848 is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the guide rods 846 and located between the first limiting toothed plate 847 and the limiting groove 845. The air nozzle 857 is pressed tightly against the second limiting toothed plate 852 under the elastic force of the second spring 848. The second limiting toothed plate 852 is locked by the first limiting toothed plate 847 and cannot move within the slide groove 842. The clearance groove 843 is used to facilitate the movement of the air supply pipe 858 during the movement of the slider 851.

[0049] In this embodiment, the clamping arm assembly 85 includes a slider 851 and a second limiting toothed plate 852 fixedly disposed on the top of the slider 851. A turntable 853 is rotatably disposed on the side wall of the slider 851. A clamping roller 854 is detachably disposed on the side wall of the turntable 853 by bolts. An air bladder 855 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the clamping roller 854. An air cavity 856 is also opened at one end of the clamping roller 854. An air nozzle 857 that can communicate with the air bladder 855 is fixedly disposed inside the air cavity 856. One end of the air nozzle 857 is rotatably connected to an air supply pipe 858. One end of the air supply pipe 858 rotatably passes through the turntable 853 and the slider 851 and is connected to a flexible air tube. The flexible air tube communicates with the inner cavity of the bearing cylinder 81, and air can always enter the air bladder 855 through the flexible air tube during the movement of the piston 82 into the bearing cylinder 81. The slider 851 is slidably disposed in the slide groove 842.

[0050] like Figures 12-13 A third embodiment is shown, which differs from the second embodiment in that: the rotary drive mechanism 11 includes a support frame 111 fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the hoisting frame 1. Lifting rods 112 slide through both sides of the top of the support frame 111. A wheel frame 113 is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the two lifting rods 112. A second hydraulic cylinder 114 is fixedly mounted on the top of the support frame 111 and between the two lifting rods 112. The output shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder 114 slides through the support frame 111 and is connected to the wheel frame 113. A pressure sensor 115 is also fixedly mounted between the output shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder 114 and the outer wall of the wheel frame 113 for real-time detection of the pressure applied by the output shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder 114 relative to the outer wall of the wheel frame 113.

[0051] In this embodiment, a drive shaft is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the wheel frame 113. A drive roller 116 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the drive shaft. A rubber anti-slip sleeve is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the drive roller 116. A first support plate 117 and a second support plate 118 are rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the drive shaft located between the drive roller 116 and the wheel frame 113, respectively. A damper 119 is rotatably connected between the side walls of the first support plate 117 and the second support plate 118 and the outer wall of the wheel frame 113. A limit roller 1110 is rotatably mounted between the two first support plates 117 and the two second support plates 118 in relative positions. A hydraulic motor 1111 is also fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the wheel frame 113. The output shaft of the hydraulic motor 1111 rotatably passes through the wheel frame 113 and is fixedly connected to the drive shaft.

[0052] In this embodiment, both the support frame 111 and the second hydraulic cylinder 114 are controlled by an intelligent controller.

[0053] This invention also provides an intelligent hoisting method for the construction of ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrades, and an intelligent hoisting device for the construction of ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrades. The method includes the following steps:

[0054] Step 1: First, adjust the hoisting dimensions of the first clamping mechanism 8 and the second clamping mechanism 9 according to the inner and outer diameters of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe, and pre-assemble the first clamping mechanism 8 and the second clamping mechanism 9 at both ends of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe.

[0055] Step 2: Using the intelligent controller, the connecting parts 7 in the boom assemblies on both sides of the hoisting frame 1 are assembled with the first clamping mechanism 8 and the second clamping mechanism 9 respectively. The first clamping mechanism 8 and the second clamping mechanism 9 are simultaneously driven by the boom assembly to expand and clamp the inner and outer walls of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe, maintaining stable contact between the first clamping mechanism 8, the second clamping mechanism 9 and the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe.

[0056] Step 3: The crane hook lifts the lifting frame 1 to the installation position, and the rotation drive mechanism 11 is used to adjust the position of a specific face of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe facing the ground. After the adjustment is completed, the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe is placed on the installation position.

[0057] The specific process is as follows: First, adjust the positions of the two clamping arm assemblies 85 located above according to the outer diameter of the ventilation pipe of the frozen soil subgrade. During adjustment, first pull the first limiting toothed plate 847 away from the support arm 841 to disengage the meshing connection between the first limiting toothed plate 847 and the second limiting toothed plate 852. At this time, the position of the slider 851 in the groove 842 can be pushed or pulled with reference to the scale groove 844. Since the initial position data of the clamping arm assembly 85 from the center of the bearing cylinder 81 is known, the position of the slider 851 is adjusted by sliding the slider 851 to make the clamping arm assembly 85... The distance between the outer wall of the bearing cylinder 81 and the center of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe is matched with the inner radius of the bearing cylinder 81. Similarly, the position of the two clamping arm assemblies 85 located below can be adjusted by adjusting the two clamping arm assemblies 85 located above. Finally, the distance between the outer wall of the two clamping arm assemblies 85 located below and the center of the bearing cylinder 81 is matched with the outer diameter of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe. Then, the lifting of the first limiting tooth plate 847 is released, so that the first limiting tooth plate 847 engages with the second limiting tooth plate 852 again, thus locking the position of the slider 851.

[0058] Next, the first clamping mechanism 8 and the second clamping mechanism 9 are placed at both ends of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe. Then, the two clamping arm assemblies 85 of the first clamping mechanism 8 and the second clamping mechanism 9 that are close to the center of the bearing cylinder 81 are installed horizontally into the interior of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe, and the outer walls of the two clamping arm assemblies 85 are kept in close contact with the uppermost inner wall of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe. At this time, the two clamping arm assemblies 85 located below are abutting against the outer wall of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe.

[0059] Next, after the crane hook and the four steel cables 2 are connected to the lifting ring, the intelligent controller controls the two first hydraulic cylinders 10 to push the crossbars 5 on both sides away from each other, and controls the first clamping mechanism 8 and the second clamping mechanism 9 to be located between the two side plates 6. Then, the intelligent controller controls the first hydraulic cylinders 10 to pull the two crossbars 5 to move towards each other, and manually calibrates the position of the connecting parts 7 during the movement of the side plates 6 towards each other, so that the two connecting parts 7 are inserted into the bearing cylinder 81 respectively. When the connecting parts 7 are inserted into the bearing cylinder 81, the piston 82 is pushed into the interior of the bearing cylinder 81 by the connecting parts 7. The gas inside the bearing cylinder 81 is squeezed into the airbag 855 at the corresponding position through multiple air supply pipes 858. The airbag 855 is inflated and expands, increasing the pre-tightening force between it and the ventilation pipe of the frozen soil subgrade.

[0060] During the hoisting process, the intelligent controller controls the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder 114 to push the wheel frame 113 downward. After the two limit rollers 1110 contact the outer wall of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe, they are pushed upward until the outer wall of the drive roller 116 contacts the outer wall of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe and forms a certain pressure. The pressure value is then fed back to the intelligent controller through the pressure sensor 115. When the pressure reaches the preset value, the output shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder 114 stops moving downward and maintains this state. Then, the intelligent controller controls the hydraulic motor 1111 to drive the drive roller 116 to rotate at a low speed. The drive roller 116 drives the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe to rotate by means of the friction between it and the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe until a certain mounting surface of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe rotates to a suitable position. At this time, the hydraulic motor 1111 stops working, and the crane can place the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe in the installation position.

[0061] Next, the intelligent controller controls the two first hydraulic cylinders 10 to push the crossbar 5 away from each other, contacting the drive of the first clamping mechanism 8 and the second clamping mechanism 9. At this time, the gas in the airbag 855 is released, the pre-tightening force between the airbag and the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe is removed, and the first clamping mechanism 8 and the second clamping mechanism 9 can be removed from both ends of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe.

[0062] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0063] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An intelligent hoisting device for the construction of ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrade, comprising a hoisting frame (1) for hoisting ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrade and an intelligent controller fixedly mounted on the side wall of the hoisting frame (1), characterized in that: It also includes a transverse clamping assembly set on the hoisting frame (1). The transverse clamping assembly is detachably equipped with a first clamping mechanism (8) and a second clamping mechanism (9) for simultaneously clamping the inner and outer walls of both ends of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe. After the first clamping mechanism (8) and the second clamping mechanism (9) are pre-connected to both ends of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe, the transverse clamping assembly is used to inflate the interior of the first clamping mechanism (8) or the second clamping mechanism (9) at the opposite position to complete the simultaneous expansion and shaping clamping of the inner and outer walls of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe. During the hoisting process, the rotary drive mechanism (11) is used to press the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe or rotate a specific surface of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe toward the required installation direction. The transverse clamping assembly includes a storage cylinder (3) fixedly installed on the front and rear side walls of the hoisting frame (1). Each storage cylinder (3) has a telescopic arm (4) slidably installed on the left and right sides inside. A crossbar (5) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of two adjacent telescopic arms (4). A boom assembly is installed on the outer wall of the crossbar (5). The boom assembly includes a side plate (6) fixedly installed at the bottom of the crossbar (5). A connecting piece (7) is fixedly installed on the opposite side wall of the two side plates (6). A first clamping mechanism (8) and a second clamping mechanism (9) are installed between the two connecting pieces. The rotary drive mechanism (11) includes a support frame (111) fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the hoisting frame (1). Lifting rods (112) slide through both sides of the top of the support frame (111). A wheel frame (113) is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the two lifting rods (112). A second hydraulic cylinder (114) is fixedly mounted on the top of the support frame (111) and between the two lifting rods (112). The output shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder (114) slides through the support frame (111) and is connected to the wheel frame (113). A pressure sensor (115) is also fixedly mounted between the output shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder (114) and the outer wall of the wheel frame (113) for real-time detection of the pressure applied by the output shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder (114) relative to the outer wall of the wheel frame (113). A drive shaft is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the wheel frame (113). A drive roller (116) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the drive shaft. A rubber anti-slip sleeve is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the drive roller (116). A first support plate (117) and a second support plate (118) are rotatably mounted on the outer wall of the drive shaft located between the drive roller (116) and the wheel frame (113). A damper (119) is rotatably connected between the side walls of the first support plate (117) and the second support plate (118) and the outer wall of the wheel frame (113). A limit roller (1110) is rotatably mounted between the two first support plates (117) and the two second support plates (118) in opposite positions. A hydraulic motor (1111) is also fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the wheel frame (113). The output shaft of the hydraulic motor (1111) rotatably passes through the wheel frame (113) and is fixedly connected to the drive shaft.

2. The intelligent hoisting device for construction of ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner walls of the hoisting frame (1) are fixedly provided with first hydraulic cylinders (10) on both sides. The drive shafts of the two first hydraulic cylinders (10) slide through the hoisting frame (1) and are fixedly connected to the side walls of the crossbars (5) at adjacent positions. The top of the hoisting frame (1) has four steel cables (2) at the four corners. The top ends of the multiple steel cables (2) are connected by the same lifting ring.

3. The intelligent hoisting device for construction of ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first clamping mechanism (8) and the second clamping mechanism (9) have the same structure. The first clamping mechanism (8) includes a bearing cylinder (81) and a piston (82) that is sealed and slidably disposed inside the bearing cylinder (81). A first spring (83) is fixedly disposed between the piston (82) and the inner wall of the bearing cylinder (81). A plurality of support arm assemblies (84) are uniformly fixedly disposed on the outer wall of the bearing cylinder (81). Each support arm assembly (84) has a clamping arm assembly (85) disposed inside it.

4. The intelligent hoisting device for construction of ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrade according to claim 3, characterized in that: The support arm assembly (84) includes a support arm (841) fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the bearing cylinder (81). The support arm (841) has a sliding groove (842) inside, and a clearance groove (843) communicating with the sliding groove (842) is provided on the side wall of the support arm (841). A scale groove (844) for marking the position of the clamping arm assembly (85) is provided on the outer wall of the support arm (841) near the clearance groove (843). A limit groove (845) is also provided on the side wall of the support arm (841). A guide rod (846) is fixedly mounted at each of the four corners of the bottom of the limit groove (845). A first limit toothed plate (847) is slidably mounted on the outer wall of the multiple guide rods (846). A second spring (848) is slidably mounted on the outer wall of the guide rod (846) between the first limit toothed plate (847) and the limit groove (845).

5. The intelligent hoisting device for construction of ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrade according to claim 3, characterized in that: The clamping arm assembly (85) includes a slider (851) and a second limiting toothed plate (852) fixedly disposed on the top of the slider (851). A turntable (853) is rotatably disposed on the side wall of the slider (851). A clamping roller (854) is detachably disposed on the side wall of the turntable (853) by bolts. An airbag (855) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the clamping roller (854). An air chamber (856) is also opened at one end of the clamping roller (854). An air nozzle (857) that can communicate with the airbag (855) is fixedly disposed inside the air chamber (856). An air supply pipe (858) is rotatably connected to one end of the air nozzle (857). One end of the air supply pipe (858) rotatably passes through the turntable (853) and the slider (851) and is connected to a flexible air tube.

6. The intelligent hoisting device for construction of ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support frame (111) and the second hydraulic cylinder (114) are both controlled by an intelligent controller.

7. An intelligent hoisting method for constructing ventilation pipes in frozen soil subgrades, characterized in that: The intelligent hoisting device for construction of ventilation pipes based on frozen soil subgrade as described in any one of claims 1-6, the method comprising the following steps: Step 1: First, adjust the hoisting dimensions of the first clamping mechanism (8) and the second clamping mechanism (9) according to the inner and outer diameters of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe, and pre-assemble the first clamping mechanism (8) and the second clamping mechanism (9) at both ends of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe. Step 2: Using the intelligent controller, the connecting parts (7) in the boom assemblies on both sides of the hoisting frame (1) are assembled with the first clamping mechanism (8) and the second clamping mechanism (9) respectively. The first clamping mechanism (8) and the second clamping mechanism (9) are simultaneously driven by the boom assembly to expand and clamp the inner and outer walls of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe, maintaining stable contact between the first clamping mechanism (8) and the second clamping mechanism (9) and the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe. Step 3: The crane hook lifts the hoisting frame (1) to the installation position, and adjusts the position of a specific face of the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe facing the ground by rotating the drive mechanism (11) above the installation position. After the adjustment is completed, the frozen soil roadbed ventilation pipe is placed on the installation position.

Images