Transparent antenna phased array

Abstract

The invention discloses a transparent antenna phased array. The transparent antenna phased array comprises a transparent dielectric layer and a plurality of antenna units. The transparent medium layer comprises at least two transparent material layers. Each antenna unit comprises an antenna conducting layer, a feed-in transmission line conducting layer and a main ground hole digging conducting layer. The antenna conducting layer is arranged on one of the transparent material layers. The feed-in transmission line conducting layer is arranged on one of the transparent material layers. The main ground digging hole conducting layer is arranged on one of the transparent material layers and located between the antenna conducting layer and the feed-in transmission line conducting layer. The antenna conducting layer, the feed-in transmission line conducting layer and the main ground hole digging conducting layer are of a latticed structure. The transparent material layers separate the antenna conductive layer from the main ground hole-digging conductive layer and separate the feed-in transmission line conductive layer from the main ground hole-digging conductive layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an antenna phased array, and more particularly to a transparent antenna phased array. Background Art

[0002] In current communication systems, most devices require the ability to communicate anytime, anywhere, regardless of geographic location. However, over long transmission distances and with severe signal attenuation, antennas must provide ultra-high gain to deliver the signal.

[0003] In some communications applications, antennas require the ability to track movement. Furthermore, when electromagnetic waves pass through the air or ionosphere, their polarization may change, reducing the antenna's transmission efficiency. Therefore, the industry is striving to improve the transmission system's gain, tracking, and radiation capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention relates to a transparent antenna phased array, which utilizes array design, electromagnetic coupling technology, beamforming, circularly polarized radiation and other designs to enable the transparent antenna to have characteristics such as ultra-high gain, directivity, and circularly polarized radiation capability.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a transparent antenna phased array is proposed. The transparent antenna phased array includes a transparent dielectric layer and a plurality of antenna units. The transparent dielectric layer includes at least two transparent material layers. Each antenna unit includes an antenna conductive layer, a feed transmission line conductive layer, and a main ground hole conductive layer. The antenna conductive layer is disposed on one of these transparent material layers. The feed transmission line conductive layer is disposed on one of these transparent material layers. The main ground hole conductive layer is disposed on one of these transparent material layers and is located between the antenna conductive layer and the feed transmission line conductive layer. The antenna conductive layer, the feed transmission line conductive layer, and the main ground hole conductive layer have a grid structure. These transparent material layers separate the antenna conductive layer from the main ground hole conductive layer, and separate the feed transmission line conductive layer from the main ground hole conductive layer.

[0006] According to another aspect of the present invention, a transparent antenna phased array is provided. The transparent antenna phased array includes a transparent dielectric layer, a plurality of antenna units, and a first phase shift unit. The plurality of antenna units are disposed in the transparent dielectric layer. The antenna units are divided into at least a first group and a second group. Each antenna unit has a grid-like structure. Each antenna unit in the first group has a first feed path extending in a first direction. Each antenna unit in the second group has a second feed path extending in a second direction. The second direction is different from the first direction. The first phase shift unit is connected to the second feed path.

[0007] According to another aspect of the present invention, a transparent antenna phased array is provided. The transparent antenna phased array includes a transparent dielectric layer, multiple antenna elements, multiple beamforming circuits, and at least one feed combining network. The multiple antenna elements are arranged in an array in the transparent dielectric layer. Each antenna element has a grid-like structure. Multiple beamforming circuits are arranged in the transparent dielectric layer. Each beamforming circuit is connected to a portion of the antenna elements. The feed combining network connects the beamforming circuits.

[0008] In order to better understand the above and other aspects of the present invention, the following embodiments are specifically described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a transparent antenna phased array according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0010] Figure 2 A top view of a transparent antenna phased array according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0011] Figure 3 A top view of a transparent antenna phased array according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 4 A top view of a transparent antenna phased array according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 5 A top view of a transparent antenna phased array according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 6 A top view of a transparent antenna phased array according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a beamforming circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 9 A top view of a transparent antenna phased array and a schematic diagram of the connection between a beamforming circuit and a feed synthesis network according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 10 A top view of a transparent antenna phased array and a schematic diagram of the connection between a beamforming circuit and a feed synthesis network according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 11 A top view of a transparent antenna phased array and a schematic diagram of the connection between a beamforming circuit and a feed synthesis network according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 12 A top view of a transparent antenna phased array and a schematic diagram of the connection between a beamforming circuit and a feed synthesis network according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 13A A top view of a transparent antenna phased array according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 13B for Figure 13A Schematic diagram of the connection between the beamforming circuit and the feed synthesis network of the transparent antenna phased array;

[0023] Figure 14 This is a connection method between a beamforming circuit and an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Wherein, the reference numerals:

[0025] 100,200,300,400,500,600,700,800,800',800",900,1000: transparent antenna phased array;

[0026] 110: transparent medium layer;

[0027] 111, 112: transparent material layer;

[0028] 120: antenna unit;

[0029] 121: antenna conductive layer;

[0030] 122: feeding the transmission line conductive layer;

[0031] 123: main ground hole conductive layer;

[0032] 123h: opening;

[0033] 130: beamforming circuit;

[0034] 131: first phase shift unit;

[0035] 132: second phase shift unit;

[0036] 133: a third phase shift unit;

[0037] 139: phase shifter;

[0038] 140,140',150,160: feed into synthesis network;

[0039] 170: power management circuit;

[0040] 180: wiring layer;

[0041] 190: dielectric layer;

[0042] 190a: first surface;

[0043] 190b: second surface;

[0044] 191: conductive perforation;

[0045] L120: extension line;

[0046] D1: first direction;

[0047] D2: second direction;

[0048] D3: Third direction;

[0049] D4: fourth direction;

[0050] D9: direction;

[0051] FP1: first feeding path;

[0052] FP2: second feeding path;

[0053] FP3: third feeding path;

[0054] FP4: fourth feeding path;

[0055] G1, G1': first group;

[0056] G2, G2': second group;

[0057] G3, G3': the third group;

[0058] G4, G4': fourth group;

[0059] G5, G5': fifth group;

[0060] MS: Grid-like structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The technical terms used in this specification refer to the customary terms in the technical field. If some terms are explained or defined in this specification, the interpretation of these terms shall be based on the explanations or definitions in this specification. Each embodiment of the present invention has one or more technical features. Under the premise of possible implementation, those with ordinary knowledge in this technical field may selectively implement some or all of the technical features in any embodiment, or selectively combine some or all of the technical features in these embodiments.

[0062] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 . Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a transparent antenna phased array 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2FIG1 is a top view of a transparent antenna phased array 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the transparent antenna phased array 100 includes a transparent dielectric layer 110, a plurality of antenna units 120, and a first phase shift unit 131. The transparent dielectric layer 110 includes at least two transparent material layers 111 and 112.

[0063] like Figure 1 As shown, antenna units 120 are disposed in a transparent dielectric layer 110. Each antenna unit 120 includes an antenna conductive layer 121, a feed transmission line conductive layer 122, and a main ground hole conductive layer 123. Antenna conductive layer 121 is disposed in one of the transparent material layers 111 and 112. Feed transmission line conductive layer 122 is disposed in one of the transparent material layers 111 and 112. Main ground hole conductive layer 123 is disposed in one of the transparent material layers 111 and 112. Transparent material layers 111 and 112 separate antenna conductive layer 121 from main ground hole conductive layer 123, and also separate feed transmission line conductive layer 122 from main ground hole conductive layer 123.

[0064] like Figure 1 As shown, the main ground hole-punched conductive layer 123 is located between the antenna conductive layer 121 and the feed transmission line conductive layer 122. Each main ground hole-punched conductive layer 123 has an opening 123h. Each opening 123h is located between the antenna conductive layer 121 and the feed transmission line conductive layer 122, allowing the antenna conductive layer 121 and the feed transmission line conductive layer 122 to be connected via electromagnetic coupling. The antenna conductive layer 121, the feed transmission line conductive layer 122, and the main ground hole-punched conductive layer 123 form a mesh structure MS, the material of which may include, but is not limited to, metal to increase the antenna's light transmittance.

[0065] like Figure 2 As shown, the antenna units 120 are divided into a first group G1 and a second group G2. Each antenna unit 120 is a grid structure MS (shown in FIG. Figure 1 Each antenna unit 120 in the first group G1 has a first feed path FP1 extending in a first direction D1. Each antenna unit 120 in the second group G2 has a second feed path FP2 extending in a second direction D2. The second direction D2 is different from the first direction D1. The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are substantially 180 degrees apart (if applicable, phase compensation is required for different operating frequencies).

[0066] like Figure 2 As shown, a first phase shifting unit 131 is connected to these second feeding paths FP2. The first phase shifting unit 131 is configured to provide a 180-degree phase shift (if applicable, phase compensation is required for different operating frequencies). After the first phase shifting unit 131 shifts the second feeding paths FP2 by 180 degrees, the shifted phase becomes the same as that of the first feeding path FP1.

[0067] like Figure 2 As shown, the antenna units 120 are arranged along a plurality of substantially parallel extension lines L120 , and the antenna units 120 arranged along two adjacent extension lines L120 are cross-arranged / staggered.

[0068] Specifically, the antenna units 120 arranged along two adjacent extension lines L120 are arranged at different projected positions. For example, the antenna units 120 of the first group G1 are arranged in a staggered pattern from the first row to the last row: right, left, right, left, ... The antenna units 120 of the second group G2 are arranged in a staggered pattern from the first row to the last row: left, right, left, right, ... Figure 2 The four antenna units 120 within the dotted box form a 2X2 topology.

[0069] Please refer to Figure 3 , which is a top view of a transparent antenna phased array 200 according to another embodiment of the present invention. In another embodiment, the antenna elements 120 of the transparent antenna phased array 200 are arranged along a plurality of substantially parallel extension lines L120, with the antenna elements 120 arranged along three adjacent extension lines L120 being arranged at different projected positions. For example, the antenna elements 120 of the first group G1 are arranged in the order of right, center, left, right, center, left, ... from the first row to the last row, while the antenna elements 120 of the second group G2 are arranged in the order of left, center, right, left, center, right, ... from the first row to the last row. The first feed paths FP1 of the antenna elements 120 of the first group G1 extend in a first direction D1, while the second feed paths FP2 of the antenna elements 120 of the second group G2 extend in a second direction D2 to the first phase shifting unit 131. Figure 3 The six antenna units 120 within the dotted box form a 3X2 topology.

[0070] Please refer to Figure 4 , which is a top view of a transparent antenna phased array 300 according to another embodiment of the present invention. In another embodiment, the antenna units 120 of the transparent antenna phased array 300 are arranged along a plurality of substantially parallel extension lines L120, and the antenna units 120 arranged along four adjacent extension lines L120 are arranged at different projection positions. For example, based on the 3X2 topology of the transparent antenna phased array 200, the transparent antenna phased array 300 further adds a group of antenna units 120 in the middle, so that Figure 4 The eight antenna units 120 within the dotted box form a 4X2 topology.

[0071] Please refer to Figure 5 , which is a top view of a transparent antenna phased array 400 according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5In the embodiment, the transparent antenna phased array 400 further includes a second phase shifting unit 132 and a third phase shifting unit 133. The second phase shifting unit 132 is connected to the third feeding path FP3. The third phase shifting unit 133 is connected to the fourth feeding path FP4.

[0072] like Figure 5 As shown, the antenna units 120 of the transparent antenna phased array 400 are divided into a first group G1, a second group G2, a third group G3 and a fourth group G4. The first group G1, the second group G2, the third group G3 and the fourth group G4 are arranged around a rectangle (not shown).

[0073] Each antenna unit 120 in the first group G1 has a first feed path FP1 extending in a first direction D1. Each antenna unit 120 in the second group G2 has a second feed path FP2 extending in a second direction D2. Each antenna unit 120 in the third group G3 has a third feed path FP3 extending in a third direction D3. Each antenna unit 120 in the fourth group G4 has a fourth feed path FP4 extending in a fourth direction D4. The first direction D1, second direction D2, third direction D3, and fourth direction D4 are different. The first direction D1 and the fourth direction D4 are 90 degrees apart, the fourth direction D4 and the second direction D2 are 90 degrees apart, the second direction D2 and the third direction D3 are 90 degrees apart, and the third direction D3 and the first direction D1 are 90 degrees apart.

[0074] like Figure 5 As shown, the first phase shifting unit 131 is used to provide a 180-degree phase shift (if applicable, phase compensation is required for different operating frequencies), the second phase shifting unit 132 is used to provide a 270-degree phase shift, and the third phase shifting unit 133 is used to provide a 90-degree phase shift. Through the above-mentioned phase shifting method, the antenna units 120 in different directions are all located at the same phase after the phase shift.

[0075] Please refer to Figure 6 , which is a top view of a transparent antenna phased array 500 according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 In this embodiment, the third and fourth groups G3 and G4 of antenna elements 120 of the transparent antenna phased array 500 are located between the first and second groups G1 and G2. In other words, in this embodiment, the antenna elements 120 of the third and fourth groups G3 and G4 are concentrated in the middle, leaving no empty space between them. This arrangement effectively saves space within the transparent antenna phased array 500.

[0076] Please refer to Figure 7, which is a schematic diagram of the antenna unit 120 of an embodiment of the present invention. The antenna unit 120 can be a linear polarization structure or a circular polarization structure. Taking the circular polarization structure as an example, the antenna unit 120 can adopt a 1x1 array circular polarization structure, a 1x2 array circular polarization structure, a 2x2 array circular polarization structure, or a 4x4 array circular polarization structure. The circular polarization structure of the 1x1 array is an antenna conductive layer 121 connected to a feed transmission line conductive layer 122. The circular polarization structure of the 1x2 array is two antenna conductive layers 121 connected to a feed transmission line conductive layer 122, and these antenna conductive layers 121 are arranged 180 degrees apart. The circular polarization structure of the 2x2 array is four antenna conductive layers 121 connected to a feed transmission line conductive layer 122, and each antenna conductive layer 121 is arranged in sequence rotated 90 degrees. The circular polarization structure of the 4x4 array is obtained by rotating four 2x2 arrays by 90 degrees in sequence, and then connecting the four 2x2 arrays in series via a feed transmission line conductive layer 122 to form a 4x4 array.

[0077] Figure 8 FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a beamforming circuit 130 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The transparent antenna phased array 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 according to various embodiments of the present invention may further include one or more beamforming circuits 130. After the antenna unit 120 feeds the signal into the beamforming circuit 130, digital beamforming, analog beamforming, or hybrid beamforming is used to change the pointing direction D9 of the field pattern. Figure 8 For example, the phase shifter 139 provides a specific phase shift to each antenna unit 120 so that the field pattern points to the direction D9.

[0078] Figure 9 FIG1 is a top view of a transparent antenna phased array 600 and a schematic diagram of the connection between the beamforming circuit 130 and the feed synthesis network 140 according to another embodiment of the present invention. In another embodiment, the transparent antenna phased array 600 includes a plurality of beamforming circuits 130 and a feed synthesis network 140. Each beamforming circuit 130 is connected to a portion of the antenna unit 120. Figure 9 For example, each beamforming circuit 130 is connected to ports of eight antenna units 120. The feed synthesis network 140 is connected to these beamforming circuits 130.

[0079] Figure 10 FIG1 is a top view of a transparent antenna phased array 700 and a connection diagram of a beamforming circuit 130 and a feed synthesis network 140 according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10In this embodiment, each antenna unit 120 is, for example, a 4x4 circularly polarized array. The multiple antenna units 120 are organized into four 16x16 arrays to form a transparent antenna phased array 700 with 1024 antennas. Four beamforming circuits 130 are connected to each of the 16 antenna units 120. The feed combining network 140 is connected to the four beamforming circuits 130. These antenna units 120 form a transparent antenna phased array 700 with 1024 antennas.

[0080] Figure 11 FIG1 is a top view of a transparent antenna phased array 800 and a connection diagram of a beamforming circuit 130 and feed synthesis networks 140 and 150 according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 In this embodiment, each antenna element 120 is, for example, a 2x2 circularly polarized array. Each beamforming circuit 130 is connected to eight antenna elements 120. Four beamforming circuits 130 are then connected via a feed combining network 140, which in turn connects eight feed combining networks 140 via a feed combining network 150. These antenna elements 120 form a 1024-antenna transparent antenna phased array 800.

[0081] Figure 12 FIG1 is a top view of a transparent antenna phased array 900 and a connection diagram of a beamforming circuit 130 and feed synthesis networks 140 and 150 according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12In this embodiment, each antenna unit 120 is, for example, a 4x4 array of circularly polarized structures. The 16 antenna units 120 on the left side form a first group G1', the 16 antenna units 120 on the right side form a second group G2', the 16 antenna units 120 on the top side form a third group G3', and the 16 antenna units 120 on the bottom side form a fourth group G4'. The 16 antenna units 120 in the middle form a fifth group G5'. The antenna units 120 of the first group G1', the second group G2', the third group G3', and the fourth group G4' are arranged in a staggered manner. The first group G1', the second group G2', the third group G3', and the fourth group G4' all form a 16x16 topology. The antenna units 120 of the fifth group G5' are arranged in an array. The fifth group G5' forms a 32x32 topology. The 16 antenna elements 120 of the first group G1' are connected to a beamforming circuit 130, the 16 antenna elements 120 of the second group G2' are connected to a beamforming circuit 130, the 16 antenna elements 120 of the third group G3' are connected to a beamforming circuit 130, and the 16 antenna elements 120 of the fourth group G4' are connected to a beamforming circuit 130. The four beamforming circuits 130 are connected to a feed combining network 140, and the fifth group G5' is connected to another feed combining network 140', which is then connected to the feed combining network 150. These antenna elements 120 form a transparent antenna phased array 900 with 2048 antennas.

[0082] Please refer to Figures 13A-13B , Figure 13A FIG. 1 is a top view of a transparent antenna phased array 1000 according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13B Draw Figure 13A Schematic diagram of the connection between the beamforming circuit 130 and the feed synthesis networks 140, 150, and 160 of the transparent antenna phased array 1000. The feed synthesis network 160 is, for example, a combiner or a switch. Figures 13A-13B In the embodiment, two sets of transparent antenna phased arrays 800', 800" are connected to the feed synthesis network 160. The transparent antenna phased array 800' is, for example, Figure 11 The transparent antenna phased array 800, the transparent antenna phased array 800" is, for example, Figure 11 The transparent antenna phased array 800 is rotated 0 degrees or 90 degrees. The antenna units 120 form a transparent antenna phased array 1000 with 2048 antennas.

[0083] Please refer to Figure 14, which illustrates the connection between the beamforming circuit 130 and the antenna unit 120 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The beamforming circuit 130 and other circuits (such as the power management circuit 170) are disposed on a dielectric layer 190. The dielectric layer 190 is, for example, a circuit board or an insulating material layer. The dielectric layer 190 is disposed on the transparent dielectric layer 110 and the antenna unit 120. A wiring layer (RDL) 180 is disposed on the first surface 190a and the second surface 190b of the dielectric layer 190. The wiring layer 180 disposed on the first surface 190a and the second surface 190b is connected via conductive vias 191 that penetrate the dielectric layer 190. Through the configuration of the wiring layer 180, the beamforming circuit 130 and the power management circuit 170 are connected to the antenna unit 120.

[0084] According to the various transparent antenna phased arrays proposed in the above embodiments, array design, electromagnetic coupling technology, beamforming, circularly polarized radiation and other designs are utilized to enable the transparent antenna to have characteristics such as ultra-high gain, directivity, and circularly polarized radiation capability.

[0085] The above disclosure provides various features for implementing some embodiments or examples of the present invention. The specific examples of components and configurations described above (e.g., the numerical values ​​or names mentioned) are provided to simplify / illustrate some embodiments of the present invention. Of course, these components and configurations are merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. In addition, some embodiments of the present invention may repeat reference symbols and / or letters in various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not, in itself, indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or configurations discussed.

[0086] In summary, although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to the embodiments, these are not intended to limit the present invention. Persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A transparent antenna phased array, characterized in that: include: The transparent medium layer comprises at least two transparent material layers; as well as Multiple antenna units, each of the antenna units comprising: An antenna conductive layer is provided on one of the transparent material layers; a feed transmission line conductive layer, disposed on one of the transparent material layers; and The main ground hole conductive layer is arranged in one of the transparent material layers and is located between the antenna conductive layer and the feed transmission line conductive layer. The antenna conductive layer, the feed transmission line conductive layer and the main ground hole conductive layer are a grid structure. The transparent material layers separate the antenna conductive layer from the main ground hole conductive layer, and separate the feed transmission line conductive layer from the main ground hole conductive layer.

2. The transparent antenna phased array according to claim 1, wherein: Each of the main ground hole-dug conductive layers has an opening, and each of the openings is located between the antenna conductive layer and the feed transmission line conductive layer.

3. The transparent antenna phased array according to claim 1, wherein: The antenna units are arranged on a plurality of parallel extension lines, and the antenna units arranged on two adjacent extension lines are cross-arranged.

4. The transparent antenna phased array according to claim 1, wherein: The antenna units are arranged on a plurality of parallel extension lines, and the antenna units arranged on two adjacent extension lines are arranged at different projection positions.

5. The transparent antenna phased array according to claim 1, wherein: The antenna units are arranged on a plurality of parallel extension lines, and the antenna units arranged on three adjacent extension lines are arranged at different projection positions.

6. The transparent antenna phased array according to claim 1, wherein: Each of the antenna units has a linear polarization structure or a circular polarization structure.

7. A transparent antenna phased array, characterized in that: include: transparent dielectric layer; a plurality of antenna units disposed in the transparent dielectric layer, the antenna units being divided into at least a first group and a second group, each antenna unit having a grid-like structure, each antenna unit in the first group having a first feeding path extending in a first direction, and each antenna unit in the second group having a second feeding path extending in a second direction different from the first direction; and The first phase shift unit is connected to the second feeding path.

8. The transparent antenna phased array according to claim 7, wherein: The first direction differs from the second direction by 180 degrees.

9. The transparent antenna phased array according to claim 7, wherein: The first phase shift unit is used to provide a phase shift of 180 degrees.

10. The transparent antenna phased array according to claim 7, wherein: The antenna units are arranged on a plurality of parallel extension lines, and the antenna units arranged on two adjacent extension lines are cross-arranged.

11. The transparent antenna phased array according to claim 7, wherein: The antenna units are arranged on a plurality of parallel extension lines, and the antenna units arranged on two adjacent extension lines are arranged at different projection positions.

12. The transparent antenna phased array according to claim 7, wherein: The antenna units are arranged on a plurality of parallel extension lines, and the antenna units arranged on three adjacent extension lines are arranged at different projection positions.

13. The transparent antenna phased array according to claim 7, wherein: The antenna units are divided into the first group, the second group, the third group and the fourth group. Each antenna unit in the third group has a third feeding path extending in a third direction. Each antenna unit in the fourth group has a fourth feeding path extending in a fourth direction. The first direction, the second direction, the third direction and the fourth direction are different.

14. The transparent antenna phased array according to claim 13, wherein: The first direction differs from the fourth direction by 90 degrees, the fourth direction differs from the third direction by 90 degrees, and the third direction differs from the first direction by 90 degrees.

15. The transparent antenna phased array according to claim 13, wherein: Also includes: a second phase shift unit connected to the third feeding paths; and The third phase shift unit is connected to the fourth feeding paths.

16. The transparent antenna phased array according to claim 15, wherein: The second phase shift unit is used to provide a phase shift of 270 degrees, and the third phase shift unit is used to provide a phase shift of 90 degrees.

17. The transparent antenna phased array according to claim 13, wherein: The first group, the second group, the third group, and the fourth group are arranged around a rectangle.

18. The transparent antenna phased array according to claim 13, wherein: The third group and the fourth group are located between the first group and the second group.

19. The transparent antenna phased array according to claim 7, wherein: Also includes: A plurality of beamforming circuits are provided in the transparent medium layer, each of the beamforming circuits being connected to a portion of the antenna units; as well as A synthesis network is fed to connect these beamforming circuits.

20. A transparent antenna phased array, characterized in that: include: transparent dielectric layer; A plurality of antenna units are arranged in an array on the transparent medium layer, each of the antenna units being a grid structure; A plurality of beamforming circuits are provided in the transparent medium layer, each of the beamforming circuits being connected to a portion of the antenna units; as well as At least one feed combining network connects the beamforming circuits.

Images