Interactive electric door lock negative logic front passive detection multifunctional protection device, associated electric appliance component and electric vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses an interactive electric door lock negative logic front passive detection multifunctional protection device, a related electric appliance component and an electric vehicle. The protection device comprises an mcu circuit, a controller circuit, a vibration detection circuit, a sound alarm circuit, a whole vehicle electric appliance electronic safety circuit, a man-machine interaction circuit, an electric door lock detection circuit, a BMS battery management circuit, a main loop control circuit and a DCDC converter circuit. The mcu circuit is connected with the controller circuit, the vibration detection circuit, the sound alarm circuit, the whole vehicle electric appliance electronic safety circuit, the man-machine interaction circuit, the BMS battery management circuit, the main loop control circuit, the DCDC converter circuit and the electric door lock detection circuit. A built-in wide-voltage zero-static-power-consumption converter circuit, a seat cask lock circuit, a buzzing piece booster circuit, an expansion mutual recognition cooperative charging circuit, a charger output voltage control circuit and a built-in charger circuit are additionally arranged, the application height of the product is increased, and the application range of the product is widened. The electric vehicle electric appliance safety protection device is especially suitable for application meeting GB42295-2022 electric vehicle electric appliance safety requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] In the field of electric vehicle technology, specifically "electric vehicle electrical systems". Background Technology

[0002] For ease of description, the following abbreviations will be used: "Main wires" refers to the wire harnesses that connect the electrical components of an electric vehicle. They are usually bundled together and connected to various electrical components, and are sometimes called wire harnesses. "Electric vehicles" refers to battery-powered vehicles including four-wheeled electric cars, electric sightseeing vehicles, electric sweepers, electric forklifts, children's vehicles, electric bicycles, electric-assisted bicycles, electric motorcycles, and electric tricycles. "Electronic switching tubes" generally refers to Darlington transistors, IGBT transistors, MOSFETs, or relays; "BT" is the abbreviation for Bluetooth communication. “RF” refers to radio frequency remote control anti-theft device; "GSM" refers to the general term for mobile communications; "Locator" refers to an electrical component that includes GSM and / or GPS functionality; "GPS" generally refers to GPS / BDS / GLONASS, etc., and is a general term for all mobile communication standards of China Mobile, China Unicom, and China Telecom. "Vehicle front electrical appliances" refers to all electrical appliances near the front instrument panel of an electric vehicle, such as brake switch, reverse switch, gear switch, P gear switch, repair switch, cruise control switch, various lights, wipers, horn, doors, air conditioner, audio system, ignition lock, etc. "Protection device": Electrical components that ensure that the voltage, temperature, current, etc. of the battery system are within the normal operating range in real time. This is the product name defined by the national standard GB42295-2022. "Main circuit": The circuit between the battery output and the motor controller. The main circuit is only energized when the machine is turned on. "Secondary circuit": The circuits of the entire vehicle other than the main circuit, including the power lines in the main wiring harness.

[0003] Regarding the recent implementation of the national standard "GB42295-2022 Electrical Safety Requirements for Electric Vehicles," the industry currently lacks particularly good application solutions and products. Some technologies are inadequate due to the numerous testing requirements. Some are too expensive. Some generate excessive heat. Some are too complex to install. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention discloses an interactive ignition lock negative logic pre-positioned passive detection multi-functional protection device and related electrical components, as well as an electric vehicle. It was invented to address the implementation of the recently released national standard "GB42295-2022 Electric Vehicle Electrical Safety Requirements," solving several technical challenges currently facing the electric vehicle industry. The device includes an additional pre-positioned passive detection function for the ignition lock, a built-in wide-voltage zero static power consumption converter circuit, a handlebar lock circuit, a seat lock circuit, a buzzer boost circuit, an extended mutual recognition and collaborative charging circuit, a charger output voltage control circuit, a built-in charger circuit, a human-machine interface circuit, and a BMS battery management circuit, thus enhancing the product's application scope and usability.

[0005] An interactive power switch lock with negative logic pre-loaded passive detection multi-functional protection device: The protection device includes an MCU circuit, a controller circuit, a vibration detection circuit, an audible alarm circuit, and a vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit (see...). Figure 14 ), Human-computer interaction circuit (see Figure 10 (Left), ignition lock detection circuit, BMS battery management circuit (see) Figure 10 (Right) Main circuit control circuit and DC-DC converter circuit. See Figure 1 .

[0006] The MCU circuit is connected to the controller circuit, the vibration detection circuit, the sound alarm circuit, the vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit (controlling the power supply of the vehicle's peripheral secondary circuits), the human-machine interaction circuit, the BMS battery management circuit, the main circuit control circuit, the DC-DC converter circuit, and the ignition lock detection circuit.

[0007] The MCU circuit is connected to the motor controller through the controller circuit, detects whether the electric vehicle is moving through the vibration detection circuit, issues an alarm or provides a voice prompt through the sound alarm circuit, transmits data and controls power on / off via the human-machine interface circuit, controls the power supply of all peripheral secondary circuits through the vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit, detects the battery temperature, voltage, charging current, and charging circuit switching through the BMS battery management circuit, controls the main circuit switching (motor controller power supply) through the main circuit control circuit, and detects the ignition lock switching status through the ignition lock detection circuit.

[0008] The MCU circuit contains an MCU chip.

[0009] The controller circuit includes a locking output line, a locking motor line, and a phase line (wheel drive signal). Some also include a communication line, such as a single-line SIF.

[0010] The vibration detection circuit includes a ball switch. Its purpose is to activate the anti-theft alarm. The motor phase wire can also be used to start the alarm, but the motor must be pushed to trigger it, thus failing to provide a stationary anti-theft alarm for the electric vehicle.

[0011] The protection device includes an audible alarm circuit, see Figure 3 Left. The sound alarm circuit includes two types: a buzzer horn circuit and a moving-coil horn circuit. The buzzer horn circuit includes a buzzer driver circuit and a buzzer horn socket circuit, with the buzzer driver circuit connected to the buzzer horn socket circuit. The moving-coil horn circuit includes a voice chip circuit, a power amplifier circuit, and a moving-coil horn socket circuit. The voice chip circuit is connected to the power amplifier circuit, and the power amplifier circuit is connected to the moving-coil horn socket circuit. The MCU circuit is connected to either the buzzer driver circuit or the voice chip circuit. The former buzzer horn can only emit an alarm sound, while the latter can also emit a voice prompt. When the protection device detects faults such as over-temperature, over-voltage, or over-current, it emits an alarm signal of 55dB or higher. Some voice chips have an internal low-power power amplifier circuit, in which case the power amplifier circuit is omitted.

[0012] In some applications, the voice chip circuit directly drives the buzzer chip driver circuit, enabling the buzzer chip speaker to also emit voice signals.

[0013] The buzzer driver circuit includes a standard type or a high-decibel type (see...). Figure 3 (Right). The high-decibel type includes a boost circuit (see right). Figure 13 (Left) The purpose is to greatly increase the volume of the buzzer horn, reaching the sound level of the iron horn.

[0014] The vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit includes an electronic switch circuit and a sampling resistor circuit. The electronic switch circuit includes an electronic switching transistor. The sampling resistor circuit is connected in series on the secondary circuit main line to detect the total current of the entire vehicle's secondary circuits. The MCU circuit connects the electronic switch circuit and the sampling resistor circuit. The vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit controls the power supply of the entire vehicle's external secondary circuits and provides protection against overcurrent or short circuits. When powered off, the entire vehicle has zero voltage. (See...) Figure 14 For a detailed description, please refer to "Vehicle Electronic Fuse Circuits" in CN2022108912700.

[0015] The human-machine interaction circuit is a general term for the functional circuits that allow users to monitor electric vehicles via WIFI, BT, NFC, GSM, USB, electronic keys, and remote anti-theft devices. It includes one or more combinations of WIFI / GPS circuits, BT / GPS circuits, NFC circuits, GSM / GPS circuits, USB / GPS circuits, electronic key circuits, and remote anti-theft circuits. (See...) Figure 10Left. These functional circuits are existing technology, and there are readily available functional module products (referred to as modules in the industry), which are sold on platforms such as Taobao. See the human-computer interaction circuit in CN2022108912700.

[0016] Except for the USB / GPS circuit and the electronic key circuit, which are wired communication modes, the other five modes are wireless communication modes.

[0017] " / GPS" indicates that GPS can be used in conjunction with other devices to achieve positioning functionality; it is an option and a combination. The GPS mentioned here generally refers to GPS or BeiDou with location and timing functions, and is an option; the protection device requires independent positioning functionality to function. Otherwise, the positioning function can be achieved using a compatible mobile phone instrument or USER-APP, saving the cost of GPS-related circuitry.

[0018] GSM refers to all mobile communication standards used by China Mobile, China Unicom, and China Telecom.

[0019] The electronic key circuit is described in Chinese Patent CN2019213344299.

[0020] The remote control anti-theft circuit includes a dedicated radio frequency (RF) receiver chip and an RF antenna. The RF antenna can be a built-in PCB antenna or an external antenna. For applications requiring a remote control distance of only 10-50 meters, the built-in PCB antenna is selected. The MCU circuit is connected to the remote control anti-theft circuit and is used to receive the coded signals from the remote control anti-theft device. The vehicle owner uses the remote control anti-theft device to operate the electric vehicle. This is the most common mode.

[0021] The BMS battery management circuit includes a battery temperature detection circuit, a charging control circuit, a battery voltage detection circuit, and a charging current detection circuit. The MCU circuit is connected to the battery temperature detection circuit, the charging control circuit, the battery voltage detection circuit, and the charging current detection circuit. (See...) Figure 10 right.

[0022] The battery temperature detection circuit includes a temperature sensor, which is installed near the battery (wireless temperature measurement, such as a pyroelectric infrared sensor) or attached to the battery casing (such as a temperature-sensing diode or a thermistor).

[0023] The battery voltage detection circuit includes voltage divider resistors and filter capacitors.

[0024] The charging control circuit includes an MCU circuit and an electronic switch circuit. The MCU circuit is connected to the electronic switch circuit.

[0025] The charging control circuit is divided into charger DC output positive control mode, charger DC output negative control mode, and charger AC input control mode.

[0026] The charger's DC output positive control mode: The electronic switch circuit connects the charger's DC output positive line and the battery's positive terminal, used to control the circuit of the charger's DC output positive line. The electronic switch circuit includes an electronic switching transistor. See... Figure 5 Left.

[0027] The charger's DC output negative control mode: The electronic switch circuit connects the charger's DC output negative line and the battery's negative terminal, used to control the circuit of the charger's DC output negative line. The electronic switch circuit includes an electronic switching transistor. See... Figure 5 middle.

[0028] The charger AC input control mode: The electronic switch circuit connects the charger's AC mains input and the charger, and is used to control the AC mains input line path (controlling the AC mains input, typically 220V). The electronic switch circuit includes a bidirectional thyristor or a relay. See Figure 5 right.

[0029] When the MCU circuit detects that the battery voltage is greater than the rated value or the battery temperature is greater than the rated value during charging, it triggers over-temperature and over-voltage protection, cuts off the charger charging current loop through the electronic switch circuit, and alarms through the sound alarm circuit, or through the USER-APP or mobile phone instrument.

[0030] When the MCU circuit detects that the battery voltage is greater than the rated value during power-on, it uses the aforementioned vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit to cut off the power supply to the electric vehicle system, including the controller's operating power (preventing the controller from starting the motor). This prevents the safety risks caused by the owner forgetting to unplug the charger and forcibly riding the vehicle. At the same time, it will sound an alarm through the sound alarm circuit, or through the USER-APP or mobile phone instrument panel.

[0031] When the MCU circuit detects that the battery temperature is higher than the rated value while driving, it stops the controller from working (or reduces the controller drive current) by using the lockout line or communication line of the aforementioned controller circuit. This prevents the safety risks caused by the battery overheating and exploding during driving. At the same time, it will sound an alarm through the audible alarm circuit, or through the USER-APP or mobile instrument panel.

[0032] The charging current detection circuit includes a sampling resistor circuit and an operational amplifier circuit. The sampling resistor circuit is connected in series in the main charging circuit and is also connected to the operational amplifier circuit. The output of the operational amplifier circuit is connected to the ADC input port of the MCU circuit. During charging, when the MCU circuit detects that the charging current is greater than the rated value, it cuts off the charger output through the charging control circuit (triggers overcurrent protection) to prevent battery failure. Simultaneously, the integrated value of the charging current over time indirectly corresponds to the battery capacity, thereby determining the battery's condition. Finally, an alarm is triggered via an audible alarm circuit, or via the USER-APP or mobile phone instrument panel.

[0033] The ignition switch detection circuit includes a pull-up resistor circuit, a mains wire, an ignition switch, and a vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit. The mains wire includes a ground wire, a power wire, and an ignition switch wire. The vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit includes an electronic switch transistor.

[0034] One end of the main wire connects to the vehicle's front electrical components, and the other end connects to the protection device, taillights, and motor controller.

[0035] The output of the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit is connected to the ignition switch's lockout line (i.e., the output line after the ignition switch is turned on, which supplies power to the motor controller system and starts the controller) and the power line of the main line (which controls the power supply of the entire vehicle's secondary circuit). The output of the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit is a 12~35V low-voltage power supply.

[0036] The MCU circuit connects to the ignition switch wire, the pull-up resistor circuit, and the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit. One end of the ignition switch is connected to the ignition switch wire, and the other end is connected to ground. One end of the pull-up resistor circuit is connected to the VCC power supply of the MCU chip, and the other end is connected to the ignition switch wire. Some MCU chips can utilize internal pull-up resistors. See [link / reference]. Figure 2 .

[0037] The ignition lock adopts the negative logic switching mechanism of a normally closed switch, which is in the open state when the ignition is on and in the closed state when the ignition is off.

[0038] When the electric vehicle is powered off, the protection device shuts off the secondary circuit power supply to the vehicle's external systems via the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit and the power line. The entire secondary circuit, including the ignition switch wiring, is in a 0-voltage passive state. The MCU circuit sets the ignition switch pins to GPIOin, ADCin, or pin interrupt mode, and determines the ignition switch's on / off state by detecting the voltage at these pins. When the voltage is higher than the rated value, it indicates that the driver wants to power on the vehicle (the ignition switch is disconnected). At this time, the protection device activates the power supply to the vehicle's electrical systems via the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit (activating the entire secondary circuit power supply) and simultaneously supplies power to the motor controller (powering on the motor controller), thus putting the electric vehicle into a powered-on driving state. The ignition switch power-on signal is detected under 0-voltage passive conditions.

[0039] When the electric vehicle is powered on, if the MCU circuit detects that the ignition switch line has returned to 0 level, it determines that the ignition switch is powered off. At this time, the protection device disconnects the working power supply of the electric vehicle and its own external power supply through the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit, and at the same time shuts off the power supply of the lock output line of the motor controller, so that the electric vehicle returns to the powered-off state.

[0040] For some electric vehicle models, the protective device may be installed near the battery system (within 30cm, connected by a flexible wire), or immediately adjacent to the battery system (within 10cm, connected by a flexible wire, and encased in a housing with no exposed wires connecting to the motor controller), or via a plug and socket (rigidly connected using the plugs and sockets specified in national standards 42295 and 42296, stacked together), or housed in two separate cavities within the same housing as the battery system (connected by a pin or flexible wire, with heat insulation measures to prevent overheating), or within the same cavity as the battery system (connected by a pin or flexible wire; in this case, the components of the protective device must be high-temperature resistant because the battery system generates significant heat). The protective device is integrated with the battery system, and the connection between them is not exposed externally; it is treated as a single component to meet the requirements of national standard 42295.

[0041] The DC-DC converter circuit includes a built-in wide-voltage zero static power converter circuit, a microcontroller PWM converter circuit, or an external converter socket.

[0042] The protection device includes a built-in wide-voltage zero static power converter circuit, see Figure 8 The built-in wide-voltage zero static power converter circuit includes a DC-DC converter chip, a sampling resistor circuit, an electronic switch circuit, a filter circuit, and a power input circuit.

[0043] The DC-DC converter chip is connected to the sampling resistor circuit, the electronic switch circuit, the filter circuit, and the power input circuit. The sampling resistor circuit includes upper and lower voltage divider resistors, whose voltage division values ​​are used to adjust the output voltage of the built-in wide-voltage zero-static-power converter circuit. The filter circuit includes an inductor and a capacitor. The power input circuit is connected to the output of the aforementioned vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit. When the vehicle owner turns off the vehicle, it completely cuts off the power supply to the built-in wide-voltage zero-static-power converter circuit, achieving zero static power consumption. When the vehicle owner turns on the vehicle, the built-in wide-voltage zero-static-power converter circuit is powered through the vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit, activating the vehicle's external power system (secondary circuit power supply as specified in the 42295 standard). The input voltage range of the power input circuit is 8V-200V (thus achieving wide-voltage input). This solution requires the purchase of a DC-DC converter chip, which is relatively expensive, but the control is simple. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 8 .

[0044] The microcontroller-based PWM converter circuit includes a PWM drive circuit, an electronic switching transistor circuit, an inductor circuit, a DC filter circuit, a sampling resistor circuit, and a freewheeling diode circuit. The MCU circuit is connected to the PWM drive circuit and the sampling resistor circuit. The electronic switching transistor circuit includes an electronic switching transistor and is connected to the PWM drive circuit, the inductor circuit, and the freewheeling diode circuit. The inductor circuit is connected to the DC filter circuit, and the DC filter circuit is connected to the freewheeling diode circuit. The MCU circuit controls the converter's output voltage and current through the PWM drive circuit. The MCU circuit detects the converter's output voltage magnitude through the sampling resistor circuit, completing closed-loop control with the PWM drive circuit. This microcontroller-based PWM converter utilizes the resources of the MCU chip for maximum cost savings, but the control is complex. See [link / reference]. Figure 11 .

[0045] The external converter socket is used to connect an external converter and is a remedial solution when the protective device cannot accommodate the built-in converter. The external converter and the protective device are encapsulated in a single housing.

[0046] The main circuit control circuit includes an electronic switch circuit, a current detection circuit, a battery input circuit, and a main circuit output circuit. See Figure 12 .

[0047] The electronic switching circuit includes a drive circuit and an electronic switching transistor. The electronic switching circuit connects the battery input circuit and the main circuit output circuit. The battery input circuit includes a battery interface and connects to the battery system. The main circuit output circuit includes a main circuit interface and connects to the motor controller via the main circuit. The current detection circuit includes a sampling resistor circuit and an operational amplifier circuit, used to detect the current in the main circuit, and is connected to the main circuit output circuit.

[0048] The electronic switching transistor is preferably an NMOS transistor because NMOS transistors are low in cost and generate little heat. In this case, the driving circuit uses a boost converter circuit or a capacitor bootstrap converter circuit. The boost converter circuit includes an inductor, a diode, and a switching transistor. The PWM duty cycle of the switching transistor determines the boost value, such as... Figure 13 Left. The capacitor bootstrap boost circuit includes two diodes, two capacitors, and one pulse generator. The pulse generator can be implemented using an operational amplifier circuit or a transistor circuit, and the amplitude of its pulse determines the magnitude of the boost voltage. Figure 13 right.

[0049] The MCU circuit connects the electronic switch circuit and the current detection circuit. The electronic switch circuit controls the switching of the main circuit output circuit, and the current detection circuit detects the current magnitude of the main circuit output circuit and implements overcurrent or short-circuit protection functions.

[0050] The protective device includes a side support detection circuit and / or a saddle detection circuit.

[0051] The side support detection circuit includes a side support socket. The MCU circuit is connected to the side support detection circuit and, through the side support socket, connects to and detects the side support switch. If the side support is detected not being lowered during power-on, an alarm is triggered but the power-on operation is not performed (the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit is not powered).

[0052] The saddle detection circuit includes a saddle socket. The MCU circuit is connected to the saddle detection circuit and, through the saddle socket, connects to and detects the saddle switch. If no one is detected sitting on the saddle during power-on, an alarm is triggered but the power-on operation is not performed (the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit is not powered). If a sensor-activated power-on method is used (such as Bluetooth on a mobile phone or a proximity remote control), the power-on will automatically activate once someone is seated on the saddle.

[0053] The protection device includes a handlebar lock circuit and / or a bucket seat lock circuit, see Figure 4 .

[0054] The protection device includes a handlebar lock circuit.

[0055] The handlebar lock circuit includes an electronic switch circuit and a handlebar lock socket. The electronic switch circuit includes an electronic switch transistor. The main wiring includes the handlebar lock wire. The electronic switch circuit is connected to the handlebar lock wire (one or two wires may be required depending on the handlebar lock's structure) through the handlebar lock socket. The MCU circuit is connected to the electronic switch circuit, and through the electronic switch circuit and the main wiring, controls the opening and closing of the handlebar lock on the front of the vehicle. This is for thief prevention.

[0056] The protection device includes a bucket lock circuit.

[0057] The bucket lock circuit includes an electronic switch circuit and a bucket lock socket. The electronic switch circuit includes an electronic switch tube. The electronic switch circuit is connected to the bucket lock through the bucket lock socket.

[0058] The MCU circuit is connected to the electronic switch circuit, and the electronic switch circuit controls the opening and closing of the toilet seat lock. This prevents thieves from using it and ensures property security.

[0059] Some models of the aforementioned protection device include a built-in charger circuit, see Figure 9 The built-in charger circuit includes an AC mains rectifier and filter circuit, a PWM control circuit, a transformer circuit, a DC output filter circuit, and a voltage limiting feedback circuit. The PWM control circuit includes a PWM control chip. The voltage limiting feedback circuit includes a sampling resistor circuit, an optocoupler circuit, and an adjustable voltage regulator chip circuit. The AC mains rectifier and filter circuit is connected to the PWM control circuit, the PWM control circuit is connected to the transformer circuit, the transformer circuit is connected to the DC output filter circuit, the DC output filter circuit is connected to the voltage limiting feedback circuit, and the voltage limiting feedback circuit is connected to the PWM control circuit.

[0060] The current value of the built-in charger circuit is detected by a sampling resistor circuit, which is connected to the MCU circuit and connected in series in the DC output main circuit of the built-in charger circuit.

[0061] The PWM control chip can also be replaced by the MCU chip of the protection device, in which case the PWM control circuit is replaced by a PWM drive circuit and an electronic switching transistor. The PWM drive circuit is connected to the MCU circuit.

[0062] The protection device includes an NMOS boost circuit or a controller pre-charge circuit.

[0063] The NMOS boost circuit includes a boost circuit or a capacitor bootstrap circuit, the purpose of which is to support the use of NMOS transistors in the main circuit control circuit. It can also be used in the buzzer driver circuit of a high-decibel speaker to improve the oscillation amplitude of the buzzer (see...). Figure 3 right).

[0064] The boost circuit includes an inductor, a diode, and a switching transistor. One end of the inductor is connected to the low-voltage input, and the other end is connected to the diode and the switching transistor. The anode of the diode is connected to the inductor, and the cathode is connected to the high-voltage output. The base (B) or gate (G) of the switching transistor is connected to a PWM pulse signal, and the emitter (E) or source (S) is connected to GND. The PWM duty cycle of the switching transistor determines the boost value and is connected to the MCU circuit. See [link / details]. Figure 13 Left.

[0065] The capacitor bootstrap boost circuit includes two diodes, two capacitors, and one pulse generator circuit. The pulse generator circuit can be implemented using an operational amplifier circuit or a transistor circuit (push-pull circuit or transistor-resistor circuit). The amplitude of the pulse generated by the pulse generator determines the boost voltage. The MCU circuit is connected to the pulse generator circuit. See [link to MCU circuit]. Figure 13 right.

[0066] The controller pre-charge circuit includes an electronic switch circuit and a current-limiting resistor circuit. The electronic switch circuit includes an electronic switch transistor. The electronic switch circuit is connected to the current-limiting resistor circuit. The other end of the current-limiting resistor circuit is connected to the positive line of the main circuit. The MCU circuit is connected to the electronic switch circuit.

[0067] The controller pre-charging circuit can be replaced by the vehicle electrical electronic fuse circuit. Simply connect the current-limiting resistor to its output line. Each time the electric vehicle is started, the vehicle electrical electronic fuse circuit is first activated to pre-charge the motor controller, and then the main circuit is officially activated to supply power to the motor controller. This is to prevent overcurrent in the motor controller's large capacitor from damaging the electronic switching transistors of the main circuit control circuit. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 6 right.

[0068] The protection device includes a charger output voltage control circuit, see Figure 7 Left. The charger output voltage control circuit includes an output voltage control line connected to the PWM output circuit of the MCU circuit. The duty cycle of the PWM output circuit is used to adjust the DC output voltage or output current of the charger. This functional circuit allows the same vehicle charger to charge batteries with different voltages: 48V, 60V, and 72V.

[0069] The protection device includes an extended mutual recognition and cooperative charging circuit, see Figure 7Right. The extended mutual recognition and collaborative charging circuit connects the motor controller and the battery management communication line of the battery. Through this circuit, the protection device, charger, battery, and motor controller exchange data bidirectionally according to a pre-defined communication protocol. This data includes, for example, battery capacity, battery voltage, battery temperature, rated charging current, rated maximum discharge current, battery model, and production date. The communication protocol modes include CAN, LIN, 485, UART, I2C, SIF, or SPI (485 is the most common in the industry).

[0070] The original national standard 42295 only stipulated mutual recognition and collaborative charging communication between the protection device and the charger. This invention extends this to include the motor controller and the battery, broadening the application scope, hence the name "Extended Mutual Recognition and Collaborative Charging Circuit". For example, the motor controller also needs certain parameters from the battery. Through the extended mutual recognition and collaborative charging circuit, the battery's temperature, charging voltage, charging current, and charging control circuit can all be controlled through the battery's internal protection board, saving the cost of the protection device circuit. The charger or controller's control algorithm may also require these parameters, which can also be obtained through the extended mutual recognition and collaborative charging circuit. The parameters inside the battery can also be sent to the USER-APP or mobile APP through the human-machine interface circuit.

[0071] The protection device includes a flasher circuit.

[0072] The flasher circuit includes an electronic switch circuit, see Figure 6 Left. The electronic switch circuit includes an electronic switch tube. The main wire includes a flashing wire. The MCU circuit is connected to the electronic switch circuit, the output of the electronic switch circuit is connected to the flashing wire, the flashing wire is connected to the combination throttle, and the flashing of the front and rear turn signals is controlled by the combination throttle. This saves the vehicle from needing an external flasher unit.

[0073] An associated electrical component: The associated electrical components are connected to the protection device via a main cable. All signals from the associated electrical components must be processed or controlled by the protection device. "Associated electrical components" is a general term for a class of electrical components, with a specific component being one of them. The associated electrical components include an adapter board, motor controller, DC-DC converter, charger, taillight, main cable, instrument panel, combination headlight, combination throttle, combination switch, horn, handlebar lock, seat lock, side stand switch, interactive module, and ignition lock. The associated electrical components are plugged into the protection device or connected to the protection device via the main cable or the adapter board.

[0074] The adapter board connects to the protection device via a mains cable. The adapter board is installed at the front of the electric vehicle and is used to connect and manage all front electrical components. The adapter board includes dedicated sockets for these front electrical components, such as those for the instrument panel, headlights, throttle, combination switch, brake switches (including left and right foot brakes), horn, and turn signals, concentrating their common ground or power lines onto a single line. The adapter board also includes a mains cable socket and connects to the mains cable, concentrating all connections within the mains cable into a single socket (so that the wires at the front end of the mains cable can be grouped into a single plug).

[0075] Some models of the adapter board are combined with the instrument, and are connected to the instrument PCB by a pin socket, sharing a common housing.

[0076] The purpose of an adapter board is to reduce the number of plugs and connectors at the front end of the main cable.

[0077] Some models of the adapter plate are installed inside the combination headlights, sharing a common housing.

[0078] The motor controller is connected to the protection device via a controller line. The controller line includes a lockout line, motor phase lines (wheel drive signal lines), and a motor lockout line. The lockout line and motor lockout line are controlled by the protection device. Some models include a communication line with an extended mutual recognition and collaborative charging circuit. This extended mutual recognition and collaborative charging circuit establishes a communication network between the charger, battery, and motor controller, enabling bidirectional data exchange according to a communication protocol. Alternatively, the protection device, charger, battery, and motor controller can exchange data bidirectionally via a communication protocol. The communication protocol modes include CAN, LIN, 485, UART, I2C, SIF, or SPI.

[0079] The DC-DC converter is plugged into the converter socket of the protection device, and its positive input line is connected to the output of the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit. Its operating power is controlled by the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit. Furthermore, it is housed within the same housing as the protection device.

[0080] The AC input or DC output of the charger is controlled by the protection device and is plugged into the dedicated socket of the protection device.

[0081] Some models of the charger include a communication cable in the plug of the protection device. This communication cable connects to the extended mutual recognition and collaborative charging circuit of the protection device. The extended mutual recognition and collaborative charging circuit connects to the battery management communication lines of the motor controller, charger, and battery. Through this circuit, a communication network is established between the charger, battery, and motor controller, enabling bidirectional data exchange according to a communication protocol. Alternatively, the protection device, charger, battery, and motor controller can exchange data bidirectionally (such as battery capacity, battery voltage, battery temperature, rated charging current, rated maximum discharge current, battery model, production date, etc.) via a communication protocol. The communication protocol modes include CAN, LIN, 485, UART, I2C, or SPI.

[0082] Some models of the charger include an output voltage control line in the plug of the protection device. This output voltage control line is connected to the PWM output circuit of the MCU circuit, and the duty cycle of the PWM output circuit is used to adjust the DC output voltage or output current of the charger (see...). Figure 7 Left, Figure 7 ).

[0083] The flashing signal of the taillight originates from the output of the flasher circuit of the protection device (connected via a main wire and a combination switch).

[0084] The taillights include a left taillight, a right taillight, and an integrated taillight (combined with the left and right taillights).

[0085] One end of the main cable connects to the vehicle's front electrical components or the adapter board, and the other end connects to the protection device, taillights, and motor controller. The main cable includes a power supply line, the positive or negative of which is controlled by the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit of the protection device. Some models of the main cable also include flashing wires (3 in each direction) for the front and rear turn signals, handlebar lock wires (2 in each direction), horn pulse wires (2 in each direction), and boost pulse wires (1 in each direction), all of which are controlled by the protection device.

[0086] The instrument is connected to the protection device via a mains cable. The power supply for the instrument comes from the output of the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit of the protection device.

[0087] The combination headlights are connected to the protection device via a main wire and a combination switch. Their power supply comes from the output of the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit of the protection device, transmitted through the main wire. The turn signal originates from the output of the flasher circuit of the protection device.

[0088] The combination throttle is connected to the protection device via a main wire. The signal of its headlight or daytime running light comes from the output of the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit of the protection device and is transmitted through the main wire.

[0089] The combination switch is connected to the protection device via a main wire, and the turn signal of the switch originates from the output of the flasher circuit of the protection device and is transmitted through the main wire.

[0090] The horn is connected to the protection device via a main wire and the combination switch, and its power supply comes from the output of the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit of the protection device. The horn includes an iron horn and / or a dual-tone horn. The dual-tone horn includes a buzzer horn and a moving coil horn, and the content it broadcasts comes from the protection device.

[0091] Some models of the speaker include a speaker plug, a buzzer boost circuit, a buzzer driver circuit, and a buzzer. The speaker plug connects to the buzzer boost circuit and the buzzer driver circuit. The buzzer driver circuit connects to the buzzer. The speaker plug includes a power line, a speaker pulse line, a boost pulse line, and a ground line. The boost pulse line connects to the buzzer boost circuit to achieve a high-decibel buzzer sound from a low-voltage power supply. The speaker pulse line connects to the buzzer driver circuit. The speaker pulse line originates from the output of the MCU circuit (without voice function) or the voice chip (with voice function) of the protection device. The speaker pulse line can be a single line, in which case an additional transistor is needed to output a reverse signal to the buzzer driver circuit; one pulse generates two reverse signals to control the buzzer driver circuit. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 right.

[0092] The buzzer boost circuit includes an MCU_PWM circuit, an electronic switch circuit, a low-voltage power supply circuit, an inductor circuit, a diode circuit, a filter capacitor circuit, and a buzzer high-voltage circuit. The low-voltage power supply circuit is connected to the inductor circuit, the inductor circuit is connected to the positive terminal of the diode circuit, the negative terminal of the diode circuit is connected to the filter capacitor circuit, and the filter capacitor circuit is connected to the buzzer high-voltage circuit. The MCU_PWM circuit is connected to the control terminal of the electronic switch circuit. The collector (C) or drain (D) terminal of the electronic switch circuit is connected to the inductor circuit and the diode circuit. The duty cycle of the PWM signal in the MCU_PWM circuit is used to adjust the voltage range of the buzzer high-voltage circuit. The buzzer high-voltage circuit provides power to the buzzer speaker. The MCU_PWM circuit is connected to the PWM output of the MCU chip. See [link / details] Figure 3 right.

[0093] The handlebar lock is plugged into a dedicated socket of the protection device and is controlled by the output of the protection device. The MCU circuit controls the opening and closing of the handlebar lock through an electronic switch. When the electric vehicle is off, the handlebar lock locks the handlebars, preventing the rider from adjusting the riding direction, thus enhancing the anti-theft function and preventing thieves from riding the vehicle.

[0094] The bucket lock is plugged into a dedicated socket of the protection device and is controlled by the output of the protection device. The MCU circuit controls the opening and closing of the bucket lock through an electronic switch. When the electric vehicle is turned off or switched off via a mobile app, the bucket lock prevents the bucket from being opened, thus preventing thieves from stealing valuables from the bucket and enhancing the anti-theft function.

[0095] The side support switch is plugged into the dedicated side support socket of the protection device.

[0096] The interaction module is plugged into a dedicated socket in the protection device and is controlled by the protection device. The interaction module includes a combination of single or multiple functional circuits such as WIFI, BT, NFC, GSM, and GPS, allowing users to monitor the electric vehicle via a mobile app or computer program. The interaction module itself is existing technology, and many manufacturers produce it, especially for shared bicycles or shared electric vehicles; numerous manufacturers also sell it on Taobao.

[0097] The ignition lock is connected to the ignition lock detection circuit of the protection device via a main wire. The ignition lock is connected to the ignition lock wire and the ground wire. The ignition lock adopts the negative logic switching mechanism of a normally closed switch, which is in the open state when the ignition is on and in the closed state when the ignition is off.

[0098] An electric vehicle: The electric vehicle uses the interactive ignition lock negative logic front-end passive detection multi-functional protection device, or is equipped with one of the associated electrical components.

[0099] Effects of the invention: The system achieves perfect control of the main and secondary circuits of the entire vehicle by utilizing the main circuit control circuit, the DC-DC converter circuit, and the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuits, resulting in a zero-level state for the entire vehicle when the system is off. The pre-detection circuit for the ignition lock allows electric vehicle manufacturers to connect the ignition lock normally using existing mechanical and electrical structures. Moreover, it is a passive detection circuit that detects the on / off status of the ignition lock in a passive state with zero voltage. The human-machine interaction circuit allows users to operate electric vehicles using various methods such as WIFI, BT, NFC, GSM, USB, electronic keys, and remote anti-theft devices, and also enables GPS positioning. The built-in wide-voltage zero quiescent power consumption converter circuit enables the protection device to function as a converter, saving costs and reducing wiring back and forth. It also features zero quiescent power consumption and a wide voltage input range. The BMS battery management circuit completes the charging control, charging voltage detection, charging current detection, and battery temperature detection of the battery system, providing comprehensive protection for the battery's safety. The handlebar lock circuit enhances the anti-theft function of electric vehicles; The extended mutual recognition and collaborative charging circuit connects the charger, motor controller, and battery to achieve mutual recognition and collaborative charging. Battery parameters are applied to the charger, motor controller, and even displayed or voice-announced by this protection device. Alternatively, they can be remotely transmitted via this protection device (GSM, Bluetooth mode). The seat bucket lock circuit helps car owners manage items in the seat bucket and prevent theft; The controller pre-charge circuit ensures that the main circuit switching transistors are protected from overcurrent surges and burnout. The buzzer boost circuit enables a buzzer speaker with a relatively high decibel level to be obtained even with a low-voltage circuit. The boost circuit or capacitor bootstrap circuit allows the main circuit control circuit to use NMOS switches, saving costs and reducing heat generation; The charger output voltage control circuit enables this protection device to adjust the output voltage of the matching charger or the built-in charger, so that the same vehicle charger can charge batteries with different voltages of 48, 60, and 72V. Built-in charger circuitry helps customers save costs. Attached Figure Description

[0100] Figure 1 : Protection device system structure and internal structure diagram; Figure 2 A detection circuit for an electric gate lock that utilizes an internal pull-up resistor and an external pull-up resistor; Figure 3 Circuit diagram for audible alarm and high-decibel speaker; Figure 4 : Circuit diagram of handlebar lock and seat lock; Figure 5 : Charging control circuit structure diagram; Figure 6 A flash and pre-charge circuit; Figure 7 : Circuit diagram of charger output voltage control and extended mutual recognition cooperative charging; Figure 8 A built-in wide-voltage zero static power converter circuit; Figure 9 A circuit diagram of a built-in charger; Figure 10 Human-computer interaction and BMS battery management circuit diagram; Figure 11 A single-chip microcomputer PWM converter circuit; Figure 12 A type of main circuit control circuit; Figure 13 A boost converter circuit and a capacitor bootstrap converter circuit; Figure 14A vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit with negative control mode, a vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit A with positive control mode, and a vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit B with positive control mode. Detailed Implementation

[0101] The most important component in the protection device of this invention is the MCU chip, which will be described in detail here. The MCU functional circuit will not be repeated below.

[0102] The MCU circuit is the core, containing the MCU chip, known in the industry as a microcontroller. It is an intelligent chip that implements related algorithms and control through software programming. The main technical parameters to consider when selecting an MCU chip are: operating speed, temperature range, number of GPIOs, FLASH size, RAM size, and external communication port mode. Currently, many microcontrollers on the market can meet these requirements, with multiple brands from manufacturers such as Microchip, Freescale, ST, Infineon, and Cypress offering readily available technologies. Furthermore, there are also many domestic Chinese brands available.

[0103] The data communication of the protection device in this invention will be introduced first. Communication modes include: UART, Lin, CAN, I2C, 485, and GPIO analog communication. In low-end products such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, and electric tricycles, UART, I2C, and GPIO analog communication are generally chosen. In high-end applications such as electric cars, electric patrol cars, electric sightseeing vehicles, and electric fire trucks, 485, Lin, and CAN communication are generally used. The specific circuit varies depending on the communication mode. UART, I2C, and GPIO analog communication ports are directly connected. However, communication is master-slave; generally, the master communication module requires a pull-up resistor on its communication line. In this invention, it is recommended that the protection device be the master module, and the battery, charger, and motor controller be slave modules. Lin, I2C, and 485 communication modes require additional communication driver chips or driver circuits. Many models of these chips are available and can be found on professional websites. In this case, the communication circuit needs to incorporate these communication driver chips or driver circuits. Specific circuit details can be found in the relevant chip datasheets. Some MCU chips have already integrated the driver chip for this communication mode. In this case, no additional components are needed for the communication circuit; simply lead out the communication line.

[0104] Figure 1 : Protection device system structure and internal structure diagram. The protection device connects to the charger, motor controller, mains cable, and battery, and is also connected to the vehicle's front electrical components and rear lights via the mains cable. The protection device and battery are installed as a single unit.

[0105] For details on the internal functional circuitry of the protection device, please refer to the relevant description in this patent specification.

[0106] Figure 2 This is a circuit for detecting an ignition switch using internal and external pull-up resistors. The MCU chip sets the ignition switch line to pull-up resistor mode, and the negative logic ignition switch connects the ignition switch line and ground at the front of the vehicle. V31-P33 form the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit, supplying power to the entire vehicle. The ignition switch uses a negative logic switching mode. When the ignition switch is closed, the ignition switch line is at a 0 level; when the ignition switch is activated, the ignition switch line reaches a 1 level due to the internal or external pull-up resistor. The left side shows the circuit using the chip's internal pull-up resistor, and the right side shows the circuit using an external pull-up resistor.

[0107] Figure 3 Circuit diagram for audible alarm and high-decibel speaker.

[0108] Sound alarm circuit: MCU chip D2 transmits the voice chip N6040 via the MCU control line to play the corresponding voice segment code, thus emitting the corresponding voice sound. The voice chip N6040 has a built-in small power amplifier circuit, directly driving a moving-coil speaker to emit voice. The MCU chip drives the buzzer to emit different audio frequencies by adjusting the frequencies of MCUPWM1 and MCUPWM2. V1-V2-V3-V4 form the buzzer driver circuit. An external speaker is connected via a dual-tone speaker connector.

[0109] The diagram shows the structure and circuit diagram of a high-decibel speaker: L1-DA3-C38-V03 form a boost circuit, V1-V2-V3-V4 form a buzzer driver circuit, F2 is the buzzer, and LB is the speaker connector. The duty cycle of the MCU_PWM output determines the boost voltage. MCUPWM1 / 2 comes from the voice chip of the protection device and has a voice reporting function. The principle of the boost circuit: The "MCU_PWM output" comes from the MCU chip of the protection device, generating high voltage through MOSFET V03, inductor L1, and diode DA3, with capacitor C38 for filtering. The duty cycle of the "MCU_PWM output" determines the output voltage. The duty cycle is 0 in standby mode, and adjusts to the rated value when the buzzer needs to produce sound.

[0110] Figure 4 Circuit diagrams for handlebar lock and seat lock. The MCU chip controls the handlebar lock via relay RL2, providing a two-wire bipolar output. The MCU chip also controls the seat lock via relay RL1, providing a two-wire bipolar output. Alternatively, a push-pull circuit composed of four MOSFETs or transistors can be used to implement a two-wire bipolar drive circuit, replacing the relays.

[0111] Figure 5 Charging control circuit structure diagram: The charger's DC output positive control mode circuit uses an electronic switch circuit to control the charger's positive terminal.

[0112] The charger's DC output negative control mode circuit uses an electronic switch circuit to control the charger's negative terminal.

[0113] The charger's AC input control mode circuit uses an electronic switch circuit to control the charger's AC input terminal.

[0114] Figure 6 A flash and precharge circuit: A flasher circuit: The MCU chip of the protection device controls the transistor V31 and MOSFET P23 to control the on / off state of the flasher circuit. The flashing frequency is adjusted by programming the MCU chip. The input voltage of the flasher circuit is 12-72V. For applications corresponding to national standard vehicles, the input voltage is 12-24V (from the converter); for applications corresponding to non-national standard vehicles, the input voltage is 48-60-72V (directly from the battery). The output of the flasher circuit is connected to the flashing wire in the main wiring harness, and then, after passing through the left / right turn switch and the hazard light switch of the combination switch, it supplies the front and rear turn signals of the electric vehicle.

[0115] A pre-charging circuit: When the "MCU pre-charge" level is 1, P33 is turned on, and the capacitor of the motor controller is pre-charged through resistor R03 to prevent the switching transistor of the main circuit control circuit from burning out due to overcurrent.

[0116] Figure 7 : Circuit diagram of charger output voltage control and extended mutual recognition cooperative charging.

[0117] The charger output voltage control circuit's structure and circuit diagram: The MCU chip of the protection device outputs a PWM or DAC signal, which is then passed through an RC filter to obtain different filtered voltages. These filtered voltages control the charger's output voltage. (See also...) Figure 9 When the dotted line connection is removed from the matching circuit, the negative terminal of its voltage divider resistor is directly controlled. The higher the filter voltage, the lower the charger's output voltage. If a built-in charger circuit is used, the charger socket can be omitted, and it can be connected directly.

[0118] The extended mutual recognition and collaborative charging circuit's structure and circuit diagram: The MCU chip exchanges data with the charger, motor controller, and battery via I2C according to a pre-defined communication protocol. It can also communicate using RS-485, CAN, UART, and LIN. The protection device adds three communication connectors, one each for the charger, motor controller, and battery. If the system does not require battery-related data, the MCU chip can disconnect the I2C connection, and the charger, motor controller, and battery will exchange data according to the pre-defined communication protocol.

[0119] Figure 8 A built-in wide-voltage zero static power converter circuit.

[0120] The DC-DC converter chip NZ1 serves as the control center, MOSFET N9 acts as the electronic switch circuit, RZ4 and RZ5 form a voltage divider circuit to determine the output voltage, and LZ1 and CZ4 form a filter circuit. Its input circuit comes from the output of the vehicle's electrical electronic fuse circuit, and it only operates when the electric vehicle is powered on.

[0121] The 6211S chip is used in this embodiment. There are many control chips with similar functions on the market, but their circuit principles are the same and they all fall within the protection scope of this invention.

[0122] Figure 9 : A circuit diagram of a built-in charger.

[0123] The AC rectifier and filter circuit consists of V11-V12-V13-V14-C14, the PWM control circuit consists of N16-V18-V2, the transformer circuit consists of T12, the DC output filter circuit consists of C72-C73-L10, and the voltage limiting feedback circuit consists of N5-N12-R20-R14. The PWM control circuit includes a PWM control chip N12. The voltage limiting feedback circuit includes a sampling resistor circuit, an optocoupler circuit N5, and an adjustable voltage regulator chip N12.

[0124] If the negative terminal of the voltage divider resistor R14 is connected as a dotted line, the output voltage of the charger is a fixed value; if the negative terminal of the voltage divider resistor R14 is connected as “MCU output voltage control”, the output voltage of the charger is adjustable. The combination of the voltage value of “MCU output voltage control” and the voltage divider values ​​of R20-R14 determines the voltage output of the charger.

[0125] The H0380 chip is used in this embodiment. There are many control chips with similar functions on the market, but their circuit principles are the same and they all fall within the protection scope of this invention.

[0126] Figure 10 Human-computer interaction and BMS battery management circuit diagram Human-Computer Interaction Circuit Diagram: The human-computer interaction circuit includes seven functional modules: WIFI, BT, NFC, GSM, USB, electronic key, and remote anti-theft device. Some also include GPS functionality. These modules can be purchased directly from professional websites or distributors.

[0127] BMS Battery Management Circuit Diagram: The battery management circuit diagram includes a battery voltage detection circuit, a charging current detection circuit, a battery temperature detection circuit, and a charging control circuit. The battery voltage detection circuit, charging current detection circuit, battery temperature detection circuit, and charging control circuit are all connected to the MCU circuit.

[0128] Figure 11A single-chip microcomputer PWM converter circuit.

[0129] This is a protection device where the MCU chip itself functions as a converter. U1 is the MCU chip, and its PWM signal controls the operation of the MOSFET through a bootstrap driver circuit to realize the DC-DC converter. ZV1-V2-V8 constitute the bootstrap driver circuit. Switch V4 is an NMOS transistor, L1 is an inductor, C5 is a filter capacitor, V5 is a freewheeling diode, and R31-R33 is a sampling resistor circuit to detect the output voltage. The duty cycle of the "PWM" determines the output power of the converter.

[0130] Figure 12 A type of main circuit control circuit.

[0131] V31-P33 is the electronic switch circuit, R78-N3 is the current acquisition circuit, the "Battery in" interface connects to the battery system, and the "Main Circuit out" interface connects to the main circuit. When "from MCU main circuit power on" is at level 1, the power supply from the battery to the main circuit is connected. Additionally, R33 can be used to pre-charge the motor controller.

[0132] Figure 13 A boost converter circuit and a capacitor bootstrap converter circuit A boost converter circuit consists of inductor L9, diode V9, and transistor V7. The low-voltage "12V" is boosted into a high-voltage "boost output" after passing through the boost converter. The duty cycle of the "MCU_PWM output" determines the boost amplitude.

[0133] A capacitor bootstrap boost circuit: V6-V3-C5-C6-N3 constitute the capacitor bootstrap boost circuit. The "MCU_PWM output" introduces an oscillation pulse, and the oscillation amplitude of the operational amplifier N3 determines the boost voltage.

[0134] Figure 14 A vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit with negative control mode, a vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit A with positive control mode, and a vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit B with positive control mode.

[0135] A negative control mode electronic fuse circuit diagram for the vehicle's electrical system: The "MCU power-on" line controls the negative terminal of the vehicle's electrical system via MOSFET VA1. The sampling resistor R76 provides overcurrent or short-circuit protection via the "MCU internal comparator input port" line. The positive terminal of the vehicle's electrical system is connected to the converter output or the positive terminal of the battery. If the "power-on" directly supplies power to the vehicle's electrical system, the entire vehicle is under high voltage, a common feature in traditional electric vehicles. The advantage is saving on converter costs, but the disadvantage is the high voltage hazard throughout the vehicle. If the "power-on" first supplies power to the converter and then to the vehicle's electrical system, the entire vehicle is under low voltage. The advantage is safety due to the low voltage, but the disadvantage is higher cost. This invention preferably uses the latter method.

[0136] A positive control mode vehicle electrical electronic fuse circuit diagram A: "MCU power-on" controls the positive terminal of the vehicle electrical system through MOSFET P23. Sampling resistor R77 provides overcurrent or short-circuit protection through operational amplifier chip N3. If the "power-on" directly supplies power to the vehicle electrical system, the entire vehicle is under high voltage, a common feature in traditional electric vehicles. The advantage is saving on converter costs, but the disadvantage is the high voltage hazard throughout the vehicle. If the "power-on" first supplies power to the converter and then to the vehicle electrical system, the entire vehicle is under low voltage. The advantage is safety due to the low voltage, but the disadvantage is higher cost. This invention preferably uses the latter method.

[0137] A positive control mode vehicle electrical electronic fuse circuit diagram B: The "MCU power-on" is controlled by MOSFET P33, which controls the "power-on power supply". Sampling resistor R78 provides overcurrent or short-circuit protection via the "MCU internal comparator circuit input". If the "power-on power supply" directly powers the vehicle's electrical system, the entire vehicle is under high voltage, a common feature in traditional electric vehicles. The advantage is saving on converter costs, but the disadvantage is the high voltage hazard throughout the vehicle. If the "power-on power supply" first powers the converter and then the vehicle's electrical system, the entire vehicle is under low voltage. The advantage is safety due to the low voltage, but the disadvantage is higher cost. This invention preferably uses the latter method.

[0138] The embodiments and descriptions above are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and one example. Various changes and modifications may be made based on these principles, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-functional protection device for interactive electric door lock with negative logic pre-positioned passive detection, characterized in that: The protection device includes an MCU circuit, a controller circuit, a vibration detection circuit, an audible alarm circuit, a vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit, a human-machine interaction circuit, an ignition lock detection circuit, a BMS battery management circuit, a main circuit control circuit, and a DC-DC converter circuit. The MCU circuit is connected to the controller circuit, the vibration detection circuit, the sound alarm circuit, the vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit, the human-machine interaction circuit, the BMS battery management circuit, the main circuit control circuit, the DC-DC converter circuit, and the ignition lock detection circuit. The MCU circuit includes an MCU chip; The controller circuit includes a lockout line, a lockout motor line, and phase lines; The vibration detection circuit includes a ball switch; The sound alarm circuit includes two types: a buzzer horn circuit and a dynamic horn circuit. The buzzer horn circuit includes a buzzer chip driver circuit and a buzzer horn socket circuit, with the buzzer chip driver circuit connected to the buzzer horn socket circuit. The dynamic horn circuit includes a voice chip circuit, a power amplifier circuit, and a dynamic horn socket circuit. The voice chip circuit includes a voice chip; the voice chip circuit is connected to the power amplifier circuit, and the power amplifier circuit is connected to the dynamic horn socket circuit. The MCU circuit is connected to either the buzzer chip driver circuit or the voice chip circuit. The buzzer chip driver circuit includes a standard type or a high-decibel type; the high-decibel type includes a boost converter circuit. The vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit includes an electronic switch circuit and a sampling resistor circuit; the electronic switch circuit includes an electronic switch tube; the sampling resistor circuit is connected in series on the secondary circuit main line to detect the total current of the entire vehicle's secondary circuit; the MCU circuit connects the electronic switch circuit and the sampling resistor circuit. The human-computer interaction circuit is a general term for the functional circuits that allow users to monitor electric vehicles through WIFI, BT, NFC, GSM, USB, electronic keys, and remote anti-theft devices. It includes one or more combinations of WIFI / GPS circuits, BT / GPS circuits, NFC circuits, GSM / GPS circuits, USB / GPS circuits, electronic key circuits, and remote anti-theft circuits. The remote anti-theft circuit includes a dedicated radio frequency receiving chip and an RF antenna; the RF antenna includes a built-in PCB antenna or an external antenna; the MCU circuit is connected to the remote anti-theft circuit and is used to receive the coded signal of the remote anti-theft device; the vehicle owner uses the remote anti-theft device to operate the electric vehicle; The BMS battery management circuit includes a battery temperature detection circuit, a charging control circuit, a battery voltage detection circuit, and a charging current detection circuit. The MCU circuit is connected to the battery temperature detection circuit, the charging control circuit, the battery voltage detection circuit, and the charging current detection circuit. The battery temperature detection circuit includes a temperature sensor, which is installed near or in close contact with the battery. The battery voltage detection circuit includes voltage divider resistors and filter capacitors; The charging control circuit includes an electronic switch circuit; the MCU circuit is connected to the electronic switch circuit. The charging control circuit is divided into charger DC output positive control mode, charger DC output negative control mode, and charger AC input control mode. The charger DC output positive control mode: The electronic switch circuit is connected to the charger DC output positive line and the battery positive terminal, and is used to control the DC output positive line path of the charger; the electronic switch circuit includes an electronic switch tube; The charger DC output negative control mode: The electronic switch circuit is connected to the charger DC output negative line and the battery negative terminal, and is used to control the DC output negative line path of the charger; The electronic switch circuit includes an electronic switch tube; The charger AC input control mode: The electronic switch circuit is connected between the charger's AC mains input and the charger, and is used to control the AC mains input line path of the charger; the electronic switch circuit includes a bidirectional thyristor or a relay; The charging current detection circuit includes a sampling resistor circuit and an operational amplifier circuit; the sampling resistor circuit is connected in series in the main charging circuit and connected to the operational amplifier circuit; the output of the operational amplifier circuit is connected to the ADC input port of the MCU circuit. The ignition switch detection circuit includes a pull-up resistor circuit, a main wire, an ignition switch, and a vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit; the main wire includes a ground wire, a power wire, and an ignition switch wire; the vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit includes an electronic switch transistor; One end of the main wire is connected to the front electrical components of the vehicle, and the other end is connected to the protection device, the rear lights, and the motor controller. The output of the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit is connected to the power line of the large wire; The MCU circuit is connected to the ignition switch wire, the pull-up resistor circuit, and the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit; one end of the ignition switch is connected to the ignition switch wire, and the other end is connected to the ground wire; one end of the pull-up resistor circuit is connected to the VCC power supply of the MCU chip, and the other end is connected to the ignition switch wire. The ignition lock adopts the negative logic switching mechanism of a normally closed switch, which is in the open state when the ignition is on and in the closed state when the ignition is off. The protection device is installed near the battery system, or plugged into the output port of the battery system via a plug and socket, or located in two independent cavities within the same housing as the battery system, or located within the same cavity as the battery system. The DC-DC converter circuit includes a built-in wide-voltage zero static power converter circuit, a microcontroller PWM converter circuit, or an external converter socket. The built-in wide-voltage zero static power converter circuit includes a DC-DC converter chip, an electronic switch circuit, a sampling resistor circuit, a filter circuit, and a power input circuit. The DC-DC converter chip is connected to the sampling resistor circuit, the electronic switch circuit, the filter circuit, and the power input circuit. The sampling resistor circuit includes upper and lower voltage divider resistors, whose voltage division values ​​are used to adjust the output voltage of the built-in wide-voltage zero static power converter circuit. The filter circuit includes an inductor and a capacitor. The input voltage range of the power input circuit is 8V-200V. The microcontroller-based PWM converter circuit includes a PWM drive circuit, an electronic switching transistor circuit, an inductor circuit, a DC filter circuit, a sampling resistor circuit, and a freewheeling diode circuit. The MCU circuit is connected to the PWM drive circuit and the sampling resistor circuit. The electronic switching transistor circuit includes an electronic switching transistor and is connected to the PWM drive circuit, the inductor circuit, and the freewheeling diode circuit. The inductor circuit is connected to the DC filter circuit. The DC filter circuit is connected to the freewheeling diode circuit. The MCU circuit controls the converter's output voltage and current through the PWM drive circuit. The MCU circuit detects the magnitude of the converter's output voltage through the sampling resistor circuit, completing closed-loop control with the PWM drive circuit. The external converter socket is used to connect an external converter and is a remedial solution when the protection device cannot realize the built-in converter. The main circuit control circuit includes an electronic switch circuit, a current detection circuit, a battery input circuit, and a main circuit output circuit. The electronic switching circuit includes a drive circuit and an electronic switching transistor; the electronic switching circuit is connected to the battery input circuit and the main circuit output circuit; the battery input circuit includes a battery interface and is connected to the battery system; the main circuit output circuit includes a main circuit interface and is connected to the motor controller through the main circuit; the current detection circuit includes a sampling resistor circuit and an operational amplifier circuit, used to detect the current of the main circuit, and is connected to the main circuit output circuit. The MCU circuit connects the electronic switch circuit and the current detection circuit. The electronic switch circuit controls the switching of the main circuit output circuit, and the current detection circuit detects the magnitude of the current in the main circuit output circuit.

2. The interactive electric door lock negative logic pre-positioned passive detection multi-functional protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective device includes a side support detection circuit and / or a saddle detection circuit; The side support detection circuit includes a side support socket; the MCU circuit is connected to the side support detection circuit and is connected to and detects the side support switch through the side support socket; if the side support is not lowered when the power is turned on, an alarm is triggered and the power-on operation is not performed. The saddle detection circuit includes a saddle socket; the MCU circuit is connected to the saddle detection circuit and is connected to and detects the saddle switch through the saddle socket; if no one is detected sitting on the saddle when the machine is turned on, an alarm is triggered and the machine is not turned on.

3. The interactive electric door lock negative logic pre-positioned passive detection multi-functional protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection device includes a handlebar lock circuit and / or a bucket lock circuit; The handlebar lock circuit includes an electronic switch circuit and a handlebar lock socket; the electronic switch circuit includes an electronic switch tube; the main wire includes a handlebar lock wire; the electronic switch circuit is connected to the handlebar lock wire through the handlebar lock socket; the MCU circuit is connected to the electronic switch circuit, and controls the opening and closing of the handlebar lock at the front of the vehicle through the electronic switch circuit and the main wire. The bucket lock circuit includes an electronic switch circuit and a bucket lock socket; the electronic switch circuit includes an electronic switch tube; the electronic switch circuit is connected to the bucket lock socket through the bucket lock socket. The MCU circuit is connected to the electronic switch circuit, and the electronic switch circuit controls the opening and closing of the bucket lock.

4. The interactive electric door lock negative logic pre-positioned passive detection multi-functional protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection device includes a built-in charger circuit; the built-in charger circuit includes an AC mains rectifier and filter circuit, a PWM control circuit, a transformer circuit, a DC output filter circuit, and a voltage limiting feedback circuit; the PWM control circuit includes a PWM control chip; the voltage limiting feedback circuit includes a sampling resistor circuit, an optocoupler circuit, and an adjustable voltage regulator chip circuit; the AC mains rectifier and filter circuit is connected to the PWM control circuit, the PWM control circuit is connected to the transformer circuit, the transformer circuit is connected to the DC output filter circuit, the DC output filter circuit is connected to the voltage limiting feedback circuit, and the voltage limiting feedback circuit is connected to the PWM control circuit; The current value of the built-in charger circuit is detected by a sampling resistor circuit, which is connected to the MCU circuit and connected in series in the DC output main circuit of the built-in charger circuit.

5. The interactive electric door lock negative logic pre-positioned passive detection multi-functional protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection device includes an NMOS boost circuit or a controller pre-charge circuit; The NMOS boost circuit includes a boost circuit or a capacitor bootstrap boost circuit; The boost circuit includes an inductor, a diode, and a switching transistor; one end of the inductor is connected to the low-voltage input, and the other end is connected to the diode and the switching transistor; the positive terminal of the diode is connected to the inductor, and the negative terminal is connected to the high-voltage output; the base (B) or gate (G) of the switching transistor is connected to the PWM pulse signal, and the emitter (E) or source (S) is connected to GND; the PWM duty cycle of the switching transistor determines the boost value and is connected to the MCU circuit. The capacitor bootstrap boost circuit includes two diodes, two capacitors, and one pulse generator circuit; the pulse generator circuit can be implemented using an operational amplifier circuit or a transistor circuit, and the amplitude of the pulse generated by the pulse generator determines the boost voltage; the MCU circuit is connected to the pulse generator circuit; The controller pre-charge circuit includes an electronic switch circuit and a current-limiting resistor circuit; the electronic switch circuit includes an electronic switch tube; the electronic switch circuit is connected to the current-limiting resistor circuit; the other end of the current-limiting resistor circuit is connected to the positive line of the main circuit; the MCU circuit is connected to the electronic switch circuit.

6. The interactive electric door lock negative logic pre-positioned passive detection multi-functional protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection device includes a charger output voltage control circuit; the charger output voltage control circuit includes an output voltage control line, which is connected to the PWM output circuit of the MCU circuit, and the duty cycle of the PWM output circuit is used to adjust the DC output voltage or output current of the charger.

7. The interactive electric door lock negative logic pre-positioned passive detection multi-functional protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection device includes an extended mutual recognition and collaborative charging circuit; the extended mutual recognition and collaborative charging circuit connects the charger, motor controller, and battery management communication line, and enables bidirectional data exchange between the protection device, charger, battery, and motor controller according to an agreed communication protocol; the communication protocol modes include CAN, LIN, 485, 232, UART, I2C, SIF, or SPI.

8. The interactive electric door lock negative logic pre-positioned passive detection multi-functional protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection device includes a flasher circuit; The flasher circuit includes an electronic switch circuit; the electronic switch circuit includes an electronic switch tube; the main wire includes a flash line; the MCU circuit is connected to the electronic switch circuit, the output of the electronic switch circuit is connected to the flash line, the flash line is connected to the combination throttle, and the flashing of the front and rear turn signals is controlled by the combination throttle.

9. A related electrical component, characterized in that: the related electrical component is connected to or connected via a main wire to the protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 8; all signals of the related electrical component must be processed or controlled by the protection device; the related electrical component is a general term for a class of electrical components, and a specific component is one of them; the related electrical component includes an adapter board, a motor controller, a DC-DC converter, a charger, a taillight, a main wire, an instrument panel, a combination headlight, a combination throttle, a combination switch, a horn, a handlebar lock, a seat lock, a side stand switch, an interactive module, and an ignition lock; the related electrical component is plugged into the protection device or connected to the protection device via the main wire or the adapter board; The adapter board is connected to the protection device via a main wire; the adapter board is installed at the front of the electric vehicle and is used to connect and manage all front electrical components; the adapter board includes a dedicated socket for the front electrical components and connects the front electrical components through the dedicated socket, concentrating their common ground wire or power wire on one line; the adapter board also includes a main wire socket and connects to the main wire, concentrating all the connections in the main wire into one socket. The motor controller is connected to the protection device via a controller line; the controller line includes a lockout line, a motor phase line, and a motor lockout line. The DC-DC converter is plugged into the converter socket of the protection device, and its positive input line is connected to the output of the vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit. Its operating power is controlled by the vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit. The AC input or DC output of the charger is controlled by the protection device and is plugged into the dedicated socket of the protection device; Some models of the charger and the plug of the protection device include an output voltage control line. The output voltage control line is connected to the PWM output circuit of the MCU circuit, and the duty cycle of the PWM output circuit is used to adjust the DC output voltage or output current of the charger. Some models of the charger and the plug of the protection device contain a communication line. The communication line connects to the extended mutual recognition and cooperative charging circuit of the protection device and exchanges data according to the communication protocol. The communication protocol modes include SIF, CAN, LIN, 485, UART, I2C or SPI. The flashing signal of the taillight originates from the output of the flasher circuit of the protection device; One end of the main wire is connected to the front electrical components of the vehicle or the adapter board, and the other end is connected to the protection device, the taillights, and the motor controller; the main wire includes a power line, and its positive or negative terminal is controlled by the vehicle electrical electronic fuse circuit of the protection device. The instrument is connected to the protection device via a main wire; the power supply of the instrument comes from the output of the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit of the protection device. The combination headlights are connected to the protection device via a main wire and a combination switch; Its power supply comes from the output of the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit of the protection device, and is transmitted through the main line; its turn signal comes from the output of the flasher circuit of the protection device. The combination throttle is connected to the protection device via a main wire. The signal of its headlight or daytime running light comes from the output of the vehicle's electrical and electronic fuse circuit of the protection device and is transmitted through the main wire. The combination switch is connected to the protection device via a main wire, and the signal of its turn signal comes from the output of the flasher circuit of the protection device and is transmitted through the main wire. The horn is connected to the protection device via a main wire and the combination switch, and its power supply comes from the output of the vehicle electrical and electronic fuse circuit of the protection device; the horn includes an iron horn and / or a dual-tone horn; the dual-tone horn includes a buzzer horn and a moving coil horn, and the relevant content it broadcasts comes from the protection device; Some models of the speaker include a speaker plug, a buzzer boost circuit, a buzzer drive circuit, and a buzzer; the speaker plug is connected to the buzzer boost circuit and the buzzer drive circuit; the buzzer drive circuit is connected to the buzzer; the speaker plug includes a power line, a speaker pulse line, a boost pulse line, and a ground line, and originates from the protection device; The boost pulse line is connected to the buzzer boost circuit; the speaker pulse line is connected to the buzzer drive circuit. The handlebar lock is connected to the protection device via a main wire, and its switch signal comes from the output of the handlebar lock circuit of the protection device and is transmitted through the main wire. When the electric vehicle is turned off, the handlebar lock locks the handlebars and prevents the riding direction from being adjusted, thus making it impossible for thieves to ride and enhancing the anti-theft function. The bucket lock is plugged into the dedicated socket of the protection device and is controlled by the output of the bucket lock circuit of the protection device; the MCU circuit controls the opening and closing of the bucket lock through the electronic switch tube; when the electric vehicle is turned off, the bucket lock locks the bucket and prevents it from being opened, thus preventing thieves from stealing valuables from the bucket and enhancing the anti-theft function. The side support switch is plugged into the dedicated side support socket of the protection device; The interactive module is plugged into a dedicated socket of the protection device and is controlled by the protection device; the interactive module includes a combination of single or multiple function circuits such as WIFI, BT, NFC, GSM, and GPS, which makes it convenient for users to monitor electric vehicles through mobile phone APP or computer program; The ignition lock is connected to the ignition lock detection circuit of the protection device via a main wire; the ignition lock is connected to the ignition lock wire and the ground wire; the ignition lock adopts the negative logic switching mechanism of a normally closed switch, which is in the open state when the ignition is on and in the closed state when the ignition is off.

10. An electric vehicle, characterized in that... The electric vehicle uses the interactive ignition lock negative logic front passive detection multi-functional protection device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, or is equipped with one of the associated electrical components as described in claim 9.

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