Lightweight electromagnetic wave-absorbing silicone rubber composite material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a lightweight electromagnetic wave-absorbing silicone rubber composite material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic shielding materials, the lightweight electromagnetic wave-absorbing silicone rubber composite material comprises the following raw material components by weight: 90-99 parts of mixed silicone rubber, 0.1-4 parts of carbon fiber, and 0.01-2 parts of metallized glass fiber; the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the carbon fibers and the mixed silicone rubber by a kneading machine to obtain a mixture, adding the metallized glass fibers to obtain a mixture, and performing two-stage high-temperature vulcanization to obtain the electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite material. The prepared silicone rubber composite material has the characteristics of light weight (the density is smaller than 1.18 g / cm < 2 >) and broadband efficient wave absorption, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness is larger than or equal to 20 dB in the range of 2-40 GHz, the wave absorption loss proportion is larger than 85%, and the silicone rubber composite material is suitable for aerospace flexible electronic devices, 5G communication equipment and other electromagnetic protection scenes sensitive to the weight and has good application prospects. The problems that a traditional electromagnetic shielding material is high in density and insufficient in broadband wave-absorbing performance are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electromagnetic shielding materials technology, and in particular to a lightweight electromagnetic wave absorbing shielding silicone rubber composite material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of technologies in fields such as communications, electronic equipment, aerospace, and new energy, electronic devices have been widely used in daily life. The interplay of various electromagnetic signals has made the electromagnetic environment increasingly complex. The resulting electromagnetic interference has adversely affected the normal operation of electronic devices and human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop high-performance electromagnetic shielding materials to eliminate the negative impacts of electromagnetic interference.

[0003] Traditional metal shielding materials, while possessing good electromagnetic shielding performance, primarily block electromagnetic waves through reflection, which can lead to secondary pollution and affect the electromagnetic compatibility of equipment. They also have inherent drawbacks such as limited shielding frequency range, making it difficult to achieve efficient shielding across the entire frequency band, as well as being heavy, costly, susceptible to corrosion, difficult to process, and lacking flexibility. With the increasing miniaturization of smart electronic devices and the expansion of communication signals towards broadband and high-frequency technologies, the application of metal shielding materials in new application areas requiring diverse functions such as flexibility, bendability, lightweight, corrosion resistance, insulation, flame retardancy, water resistance, high and low temperature resistance, and UV radiation resistance—such as portable electronic devices, smart wearable devices, flexible electronic circuits, and 5G communication equipment—is becoming increasingly limited.

[0004] Currently, developing lightweight, flexible, and wide-bandwidth electromagnetic shielding materials with absorbing properties is an urgent problem to be solved for complex and diverse new application scenarios. This includes making the electromagnetic shielding material flexible enough to adapt to irregular shapes, and compressible enough to improve sealing, so as to absorb as much clutter as possible, reduce electromagnetic interference, and enable equipment to operate stably for a long time. At the same time, and more importantly, it also needs to be low-cost and easy to process and mold for industrial production. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a lightweight electromagnetic wave absorbing and shielding silicone rubber composite material and its preparation method. The method uses carbon-based materials and metallized glass fibers as the main filler system, and combines them with silicone rubber through a simple mixing process to obtain a lightweight, flexible and wide-frequency-domain electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite material.

[0006] On the one hand, the present invention provides a lightweight flexible electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite material, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A lightweight electromagnetic absorbing silicone rubber composite material comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 90-99 parts of compounded silicone rubber, 0.1-4 parts of carbon fiber, and 0.01-2 parts of metallized glass fiber.

[0008] Preferably, the compounded silicone rubber is either a non-flowing solid / semi-solid high-temperature vulcanized solid silicone rubber or an addition-type bicomponent solid silicone rubber.

[0009] Preferably, the carbon fiber is at least one of chopped carbon fiber or carbon fiber powder;

[0010] The carbon fiber has a length of 100μm-5mm and a diameter of 4-15μm.

[0011] Preferably, the metallized glass fiber is a type of composite filler with a core-shell structure, comprising a core, an intermediate layer, and a surface layer;

[0012] The core component includes a glass fiber body;

[0013] The intermediate layer comprises metal oxides and inorganic oxides;

[0014] The surface layer comprises either a metal or a metal oxide.

[0015] Preferably, the intermediate layer comprises silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, and titanium oxide, and the surface layer comprises copper, nickel, silver, copper-nickel alloy, nickel-phosphorus alloy, iron(III) oxide, carbon-nickel alloy, copper-carbon alloy, iron(III) oxide, and copper alloy.

[0016] Preferably, the density of the lightweight electromagnetic absorbing silicone rubber composite material is <1.18 g / cm³. 3 It has a tensile strength at break of >5.5MPa, an elongation at break of >500%, and is adjustable in the 30-75° range. It has an electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 30dB in the 2-40GHz range and a wave absorption rate of >85%.

[0017] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned lightweight electromagnetic absorbing silicone rubber composite material:

[0018] A method for preparing a lightweight electromagnetic absorbing silicone rubber composite material includes the following preparation steps:

[0019] S1. Take an appropriate amount of carbon fiber and silicone rubber and place them in an open mixing mill for extrusion mixing to obtain a mixture;

[0020] S2. Add metallized glass fiber to the mixture obtained in step S1, and mix evenly in an open mixer to obtain a mixture.

[0021] S3. The mixture obtained in step S2 is placed in a mold and vulcanized on a flat vulcanizer to obtain an electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite material.

[0022] Preferably, the mixture in step S2 comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 80-97.5 parts of silicone rubber, 2-10 parts of carbon fiber, and 0.5-10 parts of core-shell structured glass fiber.

[0023] Preferably, step S3 involves two stages of high-temperature vulcanization;

[0024] The vulcanization temperature of the first stage is 150-180℃, the vulcanization time is 5-20 min, the vulcanization temperature of the second stage is 200℃, the vulcanization time is 1-4 h, and the applied pressure is 10-15 MPa.

[0025] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0026] 1. The electromagnetic shielding composite material of the present invention includes silicone rubber, carbon fiber and metallized glass fiber. The carbon fiber can be made from industrial waste and has a low cost. The core-shell structure metallized glass fiber also has the characteristics of low cost and easy preparation. The composite structure of core-shell structure metallized glass fiber and carbon fiber forms an internal multi-layer absorption and reflection structure, which effectively improves the electromagnetic shielding performance of the material.

[0027] 2. The electromagnetic shielding composite material of the present invention uses solid high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber, which is environmentally friendly, pollution-free, non-toxic, harmless to the human body, safe in preparation process, and easy to mass-produce. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic shielding mechanism of the electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite material obtained by the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 (a) is a graph showing the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the silicone rubber composite material of Example 1 of the present invention in the 8-12.4 GHz frequency band.

[0030] Figure 2 (b) is a graph showing the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the silicone rubber composite material of Embodiment 1 of the present invention in the 12-18GHz frequency band.

[0031] Figure 2 (c) is a graph showing the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the silicone rubber composite material of Example 1 of the present invention in the 18-26.5GHz frequency band.

[0032] Figure 2 (d) is the electromagnetic shielding efficiency curve of the silicone rubber composite material of Example 1 of the present invention in the 26.5-40GHz frequency band.

[0033] Figure 3 (a) is a graph showing the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the silicone rubber composite material of Example 7 of the present invention in the 8-12.4 GHz frequency band.

[0034] Figure 3 (b) is a graph showing the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the silicone rubber composite material of Example 7 of the present invention in the 12-18GHz frequency band.

[0035] Figure 3 (c) is a graph showing the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the silicone rubber composite material of Example 7 of the present invention in the 18-26.5GHz frequency band.

[0036] Figure 3 (d) is the electromagnetic shielding efficiency curve of the silicone rubber composite material of Example 7 of the present invention in the 26.5-40GHz frequency band.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the silicone rubber composite material of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the silicone rubber composite material in Comparative Example 2 of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The following is in conjunction with the embodiments and appendices Figure 1-5 The present invention will be described in further detail below.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] A lightweight, flexible electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite material, with reference to Figure 1 Its preparation method:

[0042] S1. Take 1.0g of short-cut carbon fiber and 99g of non-flowing solid high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber, and put them into an open mixer for extrusion mixing to obtain a mixture;

[0043] S2. Add 2.0g of core-shell structured metallized glass fiber to the mixture obtained in step S1, and mix it evenly in an open mixer to obtain a mixture.

[0044] S3. Add 0.62% by mass of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butadiene)hexane oxide to the mixture obtained in step S2 as a vulcanizing agent. After thorough mixing, place it in a mold and vulcanize it using a flat vulcanizing apparatus. Vulcanize it for 10 minutes at a pressure of 15 MPa and a temperature of 175°C to obtain the silicone rubber electromagnetic shielding composite material.

[0045] The carbon fibers in the carbon fiber range in length from 100μm to 5mm and in diameter from 4 to 15μm.

[0046] Core-shell structured metallized glass fibers are made of Cu@ZrO2@GFs;

[0047] The resulting lightweight electromagnetic wave absorbing silicone rubber composite material has a density of <1.18 g / cm³. 3 Tensile strength at break > 5.5 MPa, elongation at break > 500%, adjustable in the 30-75° range.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] A lightweight, flexible electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite material, with reference to Figure 1 Its preparation method:

[0050] S1. Take 4g of short-cut carbon fiber and 99g of solid high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber respectively, and put them into an open mixer for extrusion mixing to obtain a mixture;

[0051] S2. Add 0.05g of core-shell structured metallized glass fiber to the mixture obtained in step S1, and mix it evenly in an open mixer to obtain a mixture.

[0052] S3. Add 0.62% by mass of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butadiene)hexane oxide to the mixture obtained in step S2 as a vulcanizing agent. After thorough mixing, place it in a mold and vulcanize it using a flat vulcanizing apparatus. After 10 minutes of vulcanization under an applied pressure of 15 MPa and a temperature of 175°C, a lightweight flexible electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite material is obtained.

[0053] The carbon fibers have a length of 100μm-5mm, a diameter of 4-15μm, and a resistivity of 1.0-1.6Ω·cm; the core-shell structure metallized glass fibers are made of Ni@ZrO2@GFs.

[0054] The resulting lightweight electromagnetic wave absorbing silicone rubber composite material has a density of <1.18 g / cm³. 3 Tensile strength at break > 5.5 MPa, elongation at break > 500%, adjustable in the 30-75° range.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] A lightweight, flexible electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite material, with reference to Figure 1 Its preparation method:

[0057] S1. Take 1.0g of short-cut carbon fiber and 100g of solid high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber respectively, and put them into an open mixer for extrusion mixing to obtain a mixture;

[0058] S2. Add 0.05g of core-shell structured metallized glass fiber to the mixture obtained in step S1, and mix it evenly in an open mixer to obtain a mixture.

[0059] S3. Add 0.62% by mass of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butadiene)hexane oxide to the mixture obtained in step S2 as a vulcanizing agent. After thorough mixing, place it in a mold and vulcanize it using a flat vulcanizing apparatus. After 10 minutes of vulcanization reaction under an applied pressure of 15 MPa and a temperature of 175°C, an electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite material is obtained.

[0060] The carbon fibers have a length of 100μm-5mm, a diameter of 4-15μm, and a resistivity of 1.0-1.6Ω·cm; the core-shell structured metallized glass fibers are Cu-Ni@Al2O3@GFs.

[0061] The resulting lightweight electromagnetic wave absorbing silicone rubber composite material has a density of <1.18 g / cm³. 3 Tensile strength at break > 5.5 MPa, elongation at break > 500%, adjustable in the 30-75° range.

[0062] Example 4

[0063] A lightweight, flexible electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite material, with reference to Figure 1 Its preparation method:

[0064] S1. Take 2.5g of short-cut carbon fiber and 99g of solid high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber respectively, and put them into an open mixer for extrusion mixing to obtain a mixture;

[0065] S2. Add 1.0g of core-shell structured metallized glass fiber to the mixture obtained in step S1, and mix it evenly in an open mixer to obtain a mixture.

[0066] S3. Add 0.62% by mass of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butadiene)hexane oxide to the mixture obtained in step S2 as a vulcanizing agent. After thorough mixing, place it in a mold and vulcanize it using a flat vulcanizing apparatus. After 10 minutes of vulcanization under an applied pressure of 15 MPa and a temperature of 175°C, a lightweight flexible electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite material is obtained.

[0067] The carbon fibers have a length of 100μm-5mm, a diameter of 4-15μm, and a resistivity of 1.0-1.6Ω·cm; the core-shell structured metallized glass fibers are made of Ni-Cu@Al2O3GFs.

[0068] The resulting lightweight electromagnetic wave absorbing silicone rubber composite material has a density of <1.18 g / cm³. 3 Tensile strength at break > 5.5 MPa, elongation at break > 500%, adjustable in the 30-75° range.

[0069] Example 5

[0070] A lightweight, flexible electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite material, with reference to Figure 1 Its preparation method:

[0071] S1. Take 0.3g of short-cut carbon fiber and 90g of solid high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber respectively, and put them into an open mixer for extrusion mixing to obtain a mixture;

[0072] S2. Add 0.3g of core-shell structured metallized glass fiber to the mixture obtained in step S1, and mix it evenly in an open mixer to obtain a mixture.

[0073] S3. Add 0.62% by mass of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butadiene)hexane oxide to the mixture obtained in step S2 as a vulcanizing agent. After thorough mixing, place it in a mold and vulcanize it using a flat vulcanizing apparatus. After 10 minutes of vulcanization under an applied pressure of 15 MPa and a temperature of 175°C, a lightweight flexible electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite material is obtained.

[0074] The carbon fibers have a length of 100μm-5mm, a diameter of 4-15μm, and a resistivity of 1.0-1.6Ω·cm; the core-shell structured metallized glass fibers are Cu-Ni@TiO2@GFs.

[0075] The resulting lightweight electromagnetic wave absorbing silicone rubber composite material has a density of <1.18 g / cm³. 3 Tensile strength at break > 5.5 MPa, elongation at break > 500%, adjustable in the 30-75° range.

[0076] Example 6

[0077] A lightweight, flexible electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite material, with reference to Figure 1 Its preparation method:

[0078] S1. Take 0.6g of carbon fiber powder and 10g of addition-cured two-component solid silicone rubber respectively. The addition-cured two-component solid silicone rubber is a commercially available product. Place them in an open mixer for extrusion mixing to obtain a mixture.

[0079] S2. Add 0.5g of core-shell structured metallized glass fiber to the mixture obtained in step S1, and mix it evenly in an open mixer to obtain a mixture.

[0080] S3. Add 0.62% by mass of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butadiene)hexane oxide to the mixture obtained in step S2 as a vulcanizing agent. After thorough mixing, place it in a mold and vulcanize it using a flat vulcanizing apparatus. After 10 minutes of vulcanization under an applied pressure of 15 MPa and a temperature of 175°C, a lightweight flexible electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite material is obtained.

[0081] The carbon fibers have a length of 100μm-5mm, a diameter of 4-15μm, and a resistivity of 1.0-1.6Ω·cm; the core-shell structure metallized glass fibers are Fe3O4@SiO2@GFs.

[0082] The resulting lightweight electromagnetic wave absorbing silicone rubber composite material has a density of <1.18 g / cm³. 3 Tensile strength at break > 5.5 MPa, elongation at break > 500%, adjustable in the 30-75° range.

[0083] Example 7

[0084] A lightweight, flexible electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite material, with reference to Figure 1 Its preparation method:

[0085] S1. Take 3g of short-cut carbon fiber and 99g of solid high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber respectively, and put them into an open mixer for extrusion mixing to obtain a mixture;

[0086] S2. Add 0.1g of core-shell structured metallized glass fiber to the mixture obtained in step S1, and mix it evenly in an open mixer to obtain a mixture.

[0087] S3. Add 0.62% by mass of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butadiene)hexane oxide to the mixture obtained in step S2 as a vulcanizing agent. After thorough mixing, place it in a mold and vulcanize it using a flat vulcanizing apparatus. After 10 minutes of vulcanization under an applied pressure of 15 MPa and a temperature of 175°C, a lightweight flexible electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite material is obtained.

[0088] The carbon fibers range in length from 100μm to 5mm and in diameter from 4 to 15μm; the core-shell structure metallized glass fibers are made of Cu@SiO2@GFs.

[0089] The resulting lightweight electromagnetic wave absorbing silicone rubber composite material has a density of <1.18 g / cm³. 3 Tensile strength at break > 5.5 MPa, elongation at break > 500%, adjustable in the 30-75° range.

[0090] Comparative Example

[0091] Comparative Example 1

[0092] A method for preparing an electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite material differs from Example 1 in that the core-shell structured metallized glass fiber in step S2 is replaced with nano-nickel powder, while the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0093] Comparative Example 2

[0094] A method for preparing an electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite material differs from Example 1 in that the core-shell structured metallized glass fiber in step S2 is replaced with nano-silver powder, while the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0095] Performance testing

[0096] Test Example 1

[0097] The electromagnetic shielding composite materials prepared by Examples 1, 7 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were subjected to electromagnetic shielding performance tests in the 8-12.4 GHz band, 12-18 GHz band, 18-26.5 GHz band and 26.5-40 GHz band respectively. The specific test results are shown in Table 1.

[0098] Table 1. Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (8-12.4GHz) of the electromagnetic shielding composite materials prepared in Examples 1 and 7.

[0099]

[0100] Table 2 Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (12-18GHz) of the electromagnetic shielding composite materials prepared in Examples 1 and 7

[0101]

[0102] Table 3. Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (18-26.5GHz) of the electromagnetic shielding composite materials prepared in Examples 1 and 7.

[0103]

[0104] Table 4. Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (26.5-40GHz) of the electromagnetic shielding composite materials prepared in Examples 1 and 7.

[0105]

[0106] Reference Figure 1-4Based on the test results in Tables 1-4, it can be seen that the composite material prepared by this invention has high electromagnetic shielding performance in the 8-40GHz frequency band, and Example 7 performs the best, achieving optimal values ​​of 37dB, 41dB, 59dB, and 101dB in the 8-12.4GHz, 12-18GHz, 18-26.5GHz, and 26.5-40GHz frequency bands, respectively. The total electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the silicone rubber composite materials prepared by Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 is less than 18dB in the 2-18GHz frequency domain, and is mainly based on reflection performance, without any absorption properties.

[0107] Test Example 2

[0108] The mechanical and electrical properties of the electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite materials prepared in Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were tested respectively, and the test results are shown in Table 5.

[0109] Table 5. Mechanical and electrical properties of electromagnetic shielding composite materials in Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] As can be seen from Table 5, the electromagnetic shielding composite materials prepared in Examples 1-7 of the present invention can still maintain excellent elongation at break and tensile strength, with elongation at break > 600% and tensile strength above 6.1 MPa. The electromagnetic shielding composite materials prepared in Comparative Examples 1-2 are only capable of being molded and basically do not have tensile properties.

[0113] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lightweight electromagnetic wave absorbing silicone rubber composite material, characterized in that, The raw material components include the following parts by weight: 90-99 parts of compounded silicone rubber, 0.1-4 parts of carbon fiber, and 0.01-2 parts of metallized glass fiber.

2. The lightweight electromagnetic wave absorbing silicone rubber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compounded silicone rubber is either a non-flowing solid / semi-solid high-temperature vulcanized solid silicone rubber or an addition-type bicomponent solid silicone rubber.

3. The lightweight electromagnetic wave absorbing silicone rubber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon fiber is at least one of chopped carbon fiber or carbon fiber powder; The carbon fiber has a length of 100μm-5mm and a diameter of 4-15μm.

4. The lightweight electromagnetic wave absorbing silicone rubber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metallized glass fiber is a type of composite filler with a core-shell structure, comprising a core, an intermediate layer, and a surface layer; The core component includes a glass fiber body; The intermediate layer comprises metal oxides and inorganic oxides; The surface layer comprises either a metal or a metal oxide.

5. The lightweight electromagnetic wave absorbing silicone rubber composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that, The intermediate layer includes at least one of zirconium dioxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, and titanium oxide, and the surface layer includes at least one of copper, nickel, silver, copper-nickel alloy, nickel-phosphorus alloy, iron(III) oxide, carbon-nickel alloy, copper-carbon alloy, iron(III) oxide, and copper alloy.

6. The lightweight electromagnetic wave absorbing silicone rubber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lightweight electromagnetic absorbing silicone rubber composite material has a density of <1.18 g / cm³, a tensile strength at break of >5.5 MPa, an elongation at break of >500%, is adjustable in the 30-75° range, has an electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 30 dB in the 2-40 GHz range, and an absorption rate of >85%.

7. A method for preparing a lightweight electromagnetic absorbing silicone rubber composite material, characterized in that, The preparation steps include the following: S1. Take an appropriate amount of carbon fiber and silicone rubber and place them in an open mixing mill for extrusion mixing to obtain a mixture; S2. Add metallized glass fiber to the mixture obtained in step S1, and mix evenly in an open mixer to obtain a mixture. S3. The mixture obtained in step S2 is placed in a mold and vulcanized on a flat vulcanizer to obtain an electromagnetic shielding silicone rubber composite material.

8. The method for preparing a lightweight electromagnetic absorbing silicone rubber composite material according to claim 7, characterized in that, The mixture in step S2 comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 80-97.5 parts silicone rubber, 2-10 parts carbon fiber, and 0.5-10 parts core-shell structured glass fiber.

9. The method for preparing a lightweight electromagnetic absorbing silicone rubber composite material according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step S3 involves two stages of high-temperature vulcanization. The vulcanization temperature of the first stage is 150-180℃, the vulcanization time is 5-20 min, the vulcanization temperature of the second stage is 200℃, the vulcanization time is 1-4 h, and the applied pressure is 10-15 MPa.

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