Thermal reaction system for preparing gasified gas from bamboo reed biomass

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermal reaction system for producing gasified gas from bamboo reed biomass, the thermal reaction system comprises a dryer, a dry distiller and a gasifier which are connected in sequence, the dryer is vertical, a discharging mechanism and a single-spiral material moving frame are arranged in the dryer, each surface of a spiral entity of the material moving frame is a mesh surface, and materials move from top to bottom along the interior of the spiral entity; performing countercurrent contact with gasified gas; a plurality of striking rods of the discharging mechanism are located between two vertically adjacent layers of the material moving frame, and when the striking rods move up and down, the bottom face of the upper layer of the material moving frame and the top face of the lower layer of the material moving frame are knocked, and materials are promoted to move downwards along the material moving frame; the dry distiller is horizontal, a horizontal auger mechanism is arranged in the dry distiller, and a motor of the auger mechanism is arranged on the outer side of the upstream end of the dry distiller and used for controlling rotation of spiral blades in the dry distiller and pushing materials in the dry distiller from the upstream end to the downstream end; a rotatable gas distributor is arranged at the downstream end in the dry distiller and is connected with the tail end of the auger mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of biomass gasification technology, specifically relating to a thermal reaction system for biomass gasification from Reed spp. Background Technology

[0002] Reed (Phragmites australis) is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Reed in the Poaceae family. It has a wide distribution, with abundant resources found in Xinjiang, for example. Reed can be used to produce biogas, a biofuel with minimal environmental impact. As biomass, Reed is an annual plant with significant yield potential. Currently, research on the biological applications of Reed is limited. Biomass-to-gas technology utilizes widely available and low-cost raw materials, aligning with the requirements of green chemical development. The resulting gasified gas is rich in carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which can be used as a raw material to prepare other compounds, such as methanol. Currently, research on using Reed as a biomass raw material to produce gasified gas is extremely limited. Due to the tough, multi-segmented stems of Reed, which resemble bamboo in appearance and differ slightly from traditional straw-based biomass, direct gasification of Reed results in low efficiency and the production of gasified gas containing numerous impurities. This poses a significant challenge to subsequent gasification processes. Therefore, improving the equipment or processes for Reed gasification is a problem faced by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a thermal reaction system for producing gas from Reed biomass, comprising a dryer, a pyrolysis unit, and a gasifier connected in sequence. The dryer is vertical and has an internal discharge mechanism and a single-spiral transfer rack. Each surface of the spiral body of the transfer rack is a mesh surface, and the material moves from top to bottom along the interior of the spiral body, contacting the gasified gas in a countercurrent flow. Several striking rods of the discharge mechanism are located between two adjacent upper and lower layers of the transfer rack. When the striking rods move up and down, they strike the bottom surface of the upper layer and the top surface of the lower layer of the transfer rack, promoting the material to move downward along the transfer rack.

[0004] The dry distillation unit is horizontal and has a horizontal auger mechanism inside. The motor of the auger mechanism is located on the outside of the upstream end of the dry distillation unit and is used to control the rotation of the spiral blades inside the dry distillation unit, pushing the material inside the dry distillation unit from the upstream section to the downstream end. A rotatable gas distributor is provided at the downstream end of the dry distillation unit, and the gas distributor is connected to the end of the auger mechanism.

[0005] After the raw atractylodes lancea is dried, it is crushed and then fed into a dryer from the top for further drying. The dried material is then discharged from the bottom of the dryer and fed into a pyrolysis unit. The gasified gas from the gasifier is sequentially fed into the pyrolysis unit and the dryer, where it comes into countercurrent contact with the material for heat transfer. The temperature inside the gasifier is approximately 1000-1200℃, and the temperature inside the pyrolysis unit is approximately 500-800℃. The temperature inside the pyrolysis unit is higher than that inside the dryer. When the dried atractylodes lancea enters the pyrolysis unit, some of its internal structure decomposes and carbonizes due to heat. The material then returns to the gasifier for further gasification, which improves gasification efficiency.

[0006] Optionally, the dryer is cylindrical, with a first inlet and a first outlet at the top, and a first outlet and a first inlet at the bottom, and the gasified gas inside the dryer flows from bottom to top.

[0007] Optionally, the transfer rack has a vertical fixing rod at its center, which coincides with the central axis of the dryer; the spiral body of the transfer rack has a top surface, a bottom surface, and two inner and outer sides, all four of which are mesh surfaces, and the spiral body is evenly arranged and wound along the fixing rod, with equal spacing between adjacent layers.

[0008] Each layer of the transfer rack has a gap between its outer side and the inner wall of the dryer, and a gap between its inner side and the fixing rod. When the transfer rack is gently tapped by the striking rod and vibrates slightly, the fixing rod and the inner wall of the dryer do not affect the movement of the transfer rack.

[0009] Optionally, the outer wall of the fixing rod is provided with several horizontal connecting rods. The connecting rods are evenly distributed along the circumference and vertical direction of the fixing rod. The connecting rods are located below each layer of the spiral entity of the transfer frame and are connected to the bottom surface of each layer of the spiral entity by a vertical rigid spring. This is used to support the transfer frame and at the same time provide the transfer frame with a small margin for vertical movement or vibration.

[0010] Optionally, the discharge mechanism includes a central vertical moving rod and several surrounding horizontal striking rods. The moving rod is parallel to the fixed rod and is located close to the fixed rod. The top of the moving rod extends through the top of the dryer and is connected to an external drive device to drive the moving rod and striking rods to move up and down.

[0011] One end of the striking rod is fixedly connected to the moving rod, and the other end extends radially toward the inner wall of the dryer without contacting the inner wall of the dryer.

[0012] Alternatively, the bottom of the dryer may be provided with a vertical hollow positioning cylinder corresponding to the position of the moving rod. The bottom of the moving rod remains inside the positioning cylinder during its up-and-down movement. This means that the positioning cylinder provides a moving track for the bottom of the moving rod, preventing the bottom of the moving rod from shaking or swaying.

[0013] Further optionally, the length of the striking rod is 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the radius of the dryer, and the outer side of the striking rod is covered with a layer of rubber padding to protect the striking rod and the mesh surface of the transfer rack.

[0014] Optionally, the dryer is cylindrical with a horizontal central axis. The upstream end of the dryer is provided with a second feed inlet and a second gas outlet, and the downstream end is provided with a second discharge outlet and a second gas inlet. The second gas inlet is connected to the gas outlet of the gasifier, the second gas outlet is connected to the first gas inlet of the dryer, the first discharge outlet of the dryer is connected to the second feed inlet of the dryer, and the second discharge outlet is connected to the feed inlet of the gasifier.

[0015] Optionally, the spiral blades of the auger mechanism are solid;

[0016] The spiral blades are evenly arranged around the central axis in a single spiral pattern. In the initial state of the auger mechanism, the part of the spiral blade corresponding to the top surface of the dry distillation unit is the blade tip, and the part corresponding to the bottom surface of the dry distillation unit is the blade bottom. The circumferential angles corresponding to the blade tip and the blade bottom are both 90 degrees.

[0017] An arc-shaped conveyor plate is provided on the side of the blade top and the blade bottom facing the downstream end of the dry distillation unit. This plate picks up the material that has settled to the bottom of the dry distillation unit and carries it to the top of the dry distillation unit, where the material then falls back down naturally.

[0018] Further optionally, the feed plate is located at the edge of the blade and protrudes towards the downstream end of the dry distillation unit, and the longitudinal section of the feed plate is U-shaped.

[0019] The material conveyor plate extends along the circumference of the blades. One end of the material conveyor plate, which faces the direction of rotation of the spiral blades, is open, while the other end is closed and equipped with a baffle. This allows the material conveyor plate to scoop up the material at the bottom of the dryer when the blades rotate, and to lead the material to continue rotating and rising until it reaches the top of the dryer. The material then falls down under its own gravity and comes into contact with the hot gas flowing inside the dryer for heat exchange. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal reaction system for producing gas from Reed biomass.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a material transfer rack;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the material feeding mechanism;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a spiral solid.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a gas distributor;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the feed plate at the bottom of the blade;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a side view of the strip plate.

[0027] In the attached diagram, 1-dryer, 2-distiller, 3-gasifier, 4-transfer rack, 5-beating rod, 6-fixing rod, 7-auger mechanism, 8-gas distributor, 9-moving rod, 10-connecting rod, 11-hard spring, 12-positioning cylinder, 13-spiral solid, 14-material plate, 15-blade bottom. Detailed Implementation

[0028] This embodiment provides a thermal reaction system for producing gas from reed biomass, such as... Figures 1-7 As shown, the device includes a dryer 1, a distiller 2, and a gasifier 3 connected in sequence. The dryer 1 is vertical and has a discharge mechanism and a single spiral transfer rack 4 inside. Each surface of the spiral body 13 of the transfer rack 4 is a mesh surface. The material moves from top to bottom along the inside of the spiral body 13 and comes into countercurrent contact with the gasification gas. Several striking rods 5 of the discharge mechanism are located between two adjacent upper and lower layers of the transfer rack 4. When the striking rods 5 move up and down, they strike the bottom surface of the upper layer of the transfer rack 4 and the top surface of the lower layer of the transfer rack 4, promoting the material to move down along the transfer rack 4.

[0029] The dry distiller 2 is horizontal and has a horizontal auger mechanism 7 inside. The motor of the auger mechanism 7 is located on the outside of the upstream end of the dry distiller 2 and is used to control the rotation of the spiral blades inside the dry distiller 2 to push the material inside the dry distiller 2 from the upstream section to the downstream end. A rotatable gas distributor 8 is provided at the downstream end of the dry distiller 2 and the gas distributor 8 is connected to the end of the auger mechanism 7.

[0030] Optionally, the dryer 1 is cylindrical, with a first inlet and a first outlet at the top, and a first outlet and a first inlet at the bottom, and the gasified gas inside the dryer 1 flows from bottom to top.

[0031] Optionally, the transfer rack 4 has openings at both the top and bottom. The top opening is horizontally or inclined to connect with the first feed inlet on the top side of the dryer 1. The bottom opening gradually decreases in width and is inclined downward to connect with the first discharge outlet at the bottom of the dryer 1. The first discharge outlet is connected to the second feed inlet at the top of the dryer 2 through a pipe, so that the material passes through the dryer 1 from top to bottom and then enters the dryer 2.

[0032] Optionally, the transfer rack 4 has a vertical fixing rod 6 at its center, which coincides with the central axis of the dryer 1; the spiral entity 13 of the transfer rack 4 has a top surface, a bottom surface, and two inner and outer sides, all of which are mesh surfaces. The spiral entity 13 is evenly arranged and wound along the fixing rod 6, and the spacing between adjacent upper and lower layers is equal.

[0033] Each layer of the transfer rack 4 has a gap between its outer side and the inner wall of the dryer 1, and a gap between its inner side and the fixing rod 6. When the striking rod 5 gently taps the transfer rack 4 and causes it to vibrate slightly, the fixing rod 6 and the inner wall of the dryer 1 do not affect the movement of the transfer rack 4.

[0034] The top end of the fixing rod 6 is connected to the top surface of the dryer 1, and the bottom end of the fixing rod 6 is connected to the bottom surface of the dryer 1 to fix the transfer rack 4. The mesh size of the spiral body 13 of the transfer rack 4 is smaller than the particle size of the crushed reed raw material to prevent material from leaking out of the transfer rack.

[0035] Optionally, the outer wall of the fixing rod 6 is provided with several horizontal connecting rods 10. The connecting rods 10 are evenly distributed along the circumferential and vertical directions of the fixing rod 6. The connecting rods 10 are located below each layer of the spiral entity 13 of the transfer frame 4 and are connected to the bottom surface of each layer of the spiral entity 13 by a vertical rigid spring 11 to support the transfer frame 4 and provide a small margin for vertical movement or vibration of the transfer frame 4.

[0036] Optionally, the discharge mechanism includes a central vertical moving rod 9 and several surrounding horizontal striking rods 5. The moving rod 9 is parallel to the fixed rod 6 and is located close to the fixed rod 6. The top of the moving rod 9 extends through the top of the dryer 1 and is connected to an external drive device to drive the moving rod 9 and the striking rods 5 to move up and down.

[0037] One end of the striking rod 5 is fixedly connected to the moving rod 9, and the other end extends radially toward the inner wall of the dryer 1 without contacting the inner wall of the dryer 1.

[0038] The movable rod 9 does not contact the fixed rod 6, and therefore does not affect the up-and-down movement of the movable rod 9. A seal is provided at the point where the top of the movable rod 9 protrudes from the dryer 1 to prevent leakage of vaporized gas. The drive device can take various forms, such as a hydraulic cylinder, capable of driving the movable rod 9 up and down.

[0039] Alternatively, the bottom surface of the dryer 1 is provided with a vertical hollow positioning cylinder 12 corresponding to the position of the moving rod 9. The bottom of the moving rod 9 is always inside the positioning cylinder 12 during the up and down movement. This is equivalent to the positioning cylinder 12 providing a moving track for the bottom of the moving rod 9, preventing the bottom of the moving rod 9 from shaking or swaying, so that the moving rod 9 always remains vertical when it moves.

[0040] Further optionally, the length of the striking rod 5 is 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the radius of the dryer 1, and the outer side of the striking rod 5 is covered with a layer of rubber pad to protect the striking rod 5 and the mesh surface of the transfer rack 4.

[0041] Traditional biomass preheating or drying involves placing biomass on a perforated conveyor belt, where hot air passes through the perforations to contact the biomass for preheating or drying. However, in this invention, the heat source is the gasified gas produced by the gasifier 3, which cannot diffuse into the outside air. Therefore, this invention provides the aforementioned dryer 1. The material moves from top to bottom along the moving frame, with the hot gasified gas contacting the material in a counter-current flow. Each surface of the moving frame is a mesh surface, ensuring the hot gasified gas can contact the material. The moving frame is a single spiral, uniformly wound around the dryer 1 axially and radially. The spiral entity 13 is essentially located on the cross-section of the dryer 1. Furthermore, the thickness and spacing of each layer of the spiral entity 13 are rationally designed to facilitate sufficient contact and heat exchange between the hot gasified gas and the material.

[0042] Regarding material movement, traditional technology uses a screw conveyor 7 to propel the material in a horizontal direction or on an inclined plane with a small angle of inclination. This is not suitable for the dryer 1 of this application. Moreover, traditional fixed-bed reactors cannot achieve material movement and can only process materials in batches and intermittently. In fluidized-bed reactors, the gasification gas is mixed with the material particles, resulting in a high solid content in the output gasification gas and a large loss of raw materials.

[0043] In the dryer 1 of this application, the material enters the mesh cage of the moving frame, allowing it to contact the hot gasification gas without entering the airflow and causing material loss. However, the material cannot move smoothly within the moving frame solely due to its own weight, and the mesh surface further obstructs the material's movement, potentially clogging the spiral entity 13. This application also includes a discharge mechanism. The striking rod 5 corresponds to the area between two adjacent layers of the spiral entity 13. The drive device moves the striking rod 5 up and down via the moving rod 9. When the striking rod 5 moves upward, it strikes the bottom surface of the upper layer of the transfer frame 4; when it moves downward, it strikes the top surface of the lower layer of the transfer frame 4. Since the bottom surface of the spiral entity 13 is inclined, the striking rod 5 gently taps the bottom surface of the spiral entity 13, promoting the material to slide down and simultaneously encouraging the material to bounce slightly within the moving frame, thus conveying the material, preventing material compaction, and promoting the flow of hot gasification gas through the gaps between the material particles, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency. The rising airflow may carry the material upwards, and the top surface can intercept the material. The striking rod 5 gently taps the top surface of the spiral entity 13, causing the top surface to vibrate. The intercepted material detaches from the top surface and returns to the interior of the spiral entity 13. As described above, the striking rod 5 promotes the material to jump, move downwards, and loosen within the moving frame, promoting full contact between the gasified gas and the material, and improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0044] Since the connecting rod 10 is connected to the spiral body 13 via a rigid spring 11, when the striking rod 5 strikes the spiral body 13, the rigid spring 11 provides a small amount of vertical movement space for the moving frame. This facilitates the movement of internal materials even with slight vibrations in the moving frame and prevents damage to the moving frame. The rigid spring 11 also allows the moving frame to quickly return to its original position and provides strong support, maintaining the stable and upright state of the moving frame.

[0045] Optionally, the dryer 2 is cylindrical with a horizontal central axis. The upstream end of the dryer 2 is provided with a second feed inlet and a second gas outlet, and the downstream end is provided with a second discharge outlet and a second gas inlet. The second gas inlet is connected to the gas outlet of the gasifier 3, and the second gas outlet is connected to the first gas inlet of the dryer 1. The first discharge outlet of the dryer 1 is connected to the second feed inlet of the dryer 2, and the second discharge outlet is connected to the feed inlet of the gasifier 3.

[0046] Optionally, the spiral blades of the auger mechanism 7 are solid, which facilitates the movement of materials, and the spacing between two adjacent blades of the spiral blades is the same;

[0047] The spiral blades are evenly arranged around the central axis in a single spiral pattern. In the initial state of the auger mechanism 7, the part of the spiral blade corresponding to the top surface of the dry distiller 2 is the blade tip, and the part corresponding to the bottom surface of the dry distiller 2 is the blade bottom 15. The circumferential angles corresponding to the blade tip and the blade bottom 15 are both 90 degrees.

[0048] An arc-shaped conveyor plate 14 is provided on the side of the blade top and blade bottom 15 facing the downstream end of the dry distiller 2, which picks up the material that has settled to the bottom of the dry distiller 2 and carries it to the top of the dry distiller 2, and then the material falls down naturally.

[0049] Further optionally, the feed plate 14 is located at the edge of the blade and protrudes towards the downstream end of the dry distiller 2, and the longitudinal section of the feed plate 14 is U-shaped.

[0050] The length of the conveyor plate 14 extends along the circumference of the blade. One end of the conveyor plate 14, which points in the direction of rotation of the spiral blade, is open, while the other end is closed and equipped with a baffle. This allows the conveyor plate 14 to scoop up the material at the bottom of the dryer 2 when the blade rotates, and to lead the material to continue rotating and rising until it reaches the top of the dryer 2. The material then falls down under its own gravity and comes into contact with the hot gas flowing inside the dryer 2 for heat exchange.

[0051] Optionally, the gas distributor 8 is disc-shaped and has a number of evenly arranged mesh holes. The gas distributor 8 rotates synchronously with the auger mechanism 7. After the hot gas entering through the inlet passes through the rotating gas distributor 8, it can be more evenly distributed on the cross-section of the dry distiller 2. Then, the rotation of the spiral blades can also disturb the airflow, promote full contact between the gasified gas and the material, and improve the heat transfer efficiency.

[0052] The gasifier 3 can be a conventional gasifier 3 in the field of biomass gasification, which can be vertical or horizontal, fixed bed or fluidized bed. The material after dry distillation is input into one side of the gasifier 3, and the gasifying agent composed of pure oxygen and hot steam is input into the other side. The material and the gasifying agent are in countercurrent contact to gasify. The generated gas is discharged from the material input side, and the generated ash is periodically discharged from the bottom of the gasifier 3.

Claims

1. A thermal reaction system for producing gas from reed biomass, characterized in that, It includes a dryer, a pyrolysis unit, and a gasifier connected in sequence. The dryer is vertical and has a discharge mechanism and a single spiral transfer rack inside. All surfaces of the spiral body of the transfer rack are mesh surfaces. The material moves from top to bottom along the inside of the spiral body and comes into countercurrent contact with the gasification gas. Several striking rods of the discharge mechanism are located between two adjacent upper and lower layers of the transfer rack. When the striking rods move up and down, they strike the bottom surface of the upper layer of the transfer rack and the top surface of the lower layer of the transfer rack, promoting the material to move down along the transfer rack. The dry distillation unit is horizontal and has a horizontal auger mechanism inside. The motor of the auger mechanism is located on the outside of the upstream end of the dry distillation unit and is used to control the rotation of the spiral blades inside the dry distillation unit, pushing the material inside the dry distillation unit from the upstream section to the downstream end. A rotatable gas distributor is provided at the downstream end of the dry distillation unit, and the gas distributor is connected to the end of the auger mechanism.

2. The thermal reaction system for biomass gasification of Reed sphaerocephala according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dryer is cylindrical, with a first inlet and a first outlet at the top, and a first outlet and a first inlet at the bottom. The gasified gas inside the dryer flows from bottom to top.

3. The thermal reaction system for biomass gasification of Reed sphaerocephala according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transfer rack has a vertical fixed rod at its center, which coincides with the central axis of the dryer. The spiral body of the transfer rack has a top surface, a bottom surface, and two inner and outer sides. All four surfaces are in the form of a mesh, with the mesh aperture smaller than the particle size of the crushed reed raw material. The spiral body is evenly arranged and wound along the fixed rod, with equal spacing between adjacent layers. Each layer of the transfer rack has a gap between its outer side and the inner wall of the dryer, and a gap between its inner side and the fixing rod. When the transfer rack is gently tapped by the striking rod and vibrates slightly, the fixing rod and the inner wall of the dryer do not affect the movement of the transfer rack.

4. The thermal reaction system for biomass gasification of Reed sphaerocephala according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer wall of the fixed rod is provided with several horizontal connecting rods. The connecting rods are evenly distributed along the circumference and vertical direction of the fixed rod. The connecting rods are located below each layer of the spiral entity of the transfer frame and are connected to the bottom surface of each layer of the spiral entity through vertical hard springs. They are used to support the transfer frame and provide a small margin for vertical movement or vibration of the transfer frame.

5. The thermal reaction system for biomass gasification of Reed sphaerocephala according to claim 3, characterized in that, The discharge mechanism includes a central vertical moving rod and several surrounding horizontal striking rods. The moving rod is parallel to the fixed rod and is located close to the fixed rod. The top of the moving rod extends through the top of the dryer and is connected to an external drive device to drive the moving rod and striking rods to move up and down. One end of the striking rod is fixedly connected to the moving rod, and the other end extends radially toward the inner wall of the dryer without contacting the inner wall of the dryer.

6. The thermal reaction system for biomass gasification of Reed sphaerocephala according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom of the dryer is provided with a vertical hollow positioning cylinder corresponding to the position of the moving rod. The bottom of the moving rod is always inside the positioning cylinder during the up and down movement. This means that the positioning cylinder provides a moving track for the bottom of the moving rod, preventing the bottom of the moving rod from shaking or swaying.

7. The thermal reaction system for biomass gasification of Reed sphaerocephala according to claim 5, characterized in that, The length of the striking rod is 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the radius of the dryer. The outer side of the striking rod is covered with a layer of rubber padding to protect the striking rod and the mesh surface of the transfer rack.

8. The thermal reaction system for biomass gasification of Reed sphaerocephala according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pyrolysis apparatus is cylindrical with a horizontal central axis. The upstream end of the pyrolysis apparatus is provided with a second feed inlet and a second gas outlet, and the downstream end is provided with a second discharge outlet and a second gas inlet. The second gas inlet is connected to the gas outlet of the gasifier, and the second gas outlet is connected to the first gas inlet of the dryer. The first discharge outlet of the dryer is connected to the second feed inlet of the pyrolysis apparatus, and the second discharge outlet is connected to the feed inlet of the gasifier.

9. The thermal reaction system for producing gas from Reed biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spiral blades of the auger mechanism are solid; The spiral blades are evenly arranged around the central axis in a single spiral pattern. In the initial state of the auger mechanism, the part of the spiral blade corresponding to the top surface of the dry distillation unit is the blade tip, and the part corresponding to the bottom surface of the dry distillation unit is the blade bottom. The circumferential angles corresponding to the blade tip and the blade bottom are both 90 degrees. An arc-shaped conveyor plate is provided on the side of the blade top and the blade bottom facing the downstream end of the dry distillation unit. This plate picks up the material that has settled to the bottom of the dry distillation unit and carries it to the top of the dry distillation unit, where the material then falls back down naturally.

10. The thermal reaction system for biomass gasification of Reed sphaerocephala according to claim 9, characterized in that, The feed plate is located at the edge of the blade and protrudes towards the downstream end of the dry distillation unit. The longitudinal section of the feed plate is U-shaped. The material conveyor plate extends along the circumference of the blades. One end of the material conveyor plate, which faces the direction of rotation of the spiral blades, is open, while the other end is closed and equipped with a baffle. This allows the material conveyor plate to scoop up the material at the bottom of the dryer when the blades rotate, and to lead the material to continue rotating and rising until it reaches the top of the dryer. The material then falls down under its own gravity and comes into contact with the hot gas flowing inside the dryer for heat exchange.

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