Pulse voltage test circuit and method based on IGBT

Abstract

According to the pulse voltage test circuit and method based on the IGBT, in the circuit, a four-stage Marx circuit comprises a diode, a capacitor and an IGBT switch tube; the charging branch comprises a DC / DC power supply, the diode, the capacitor and a current-limiting resistor and is used for charging the capacitor in parallel; the pulse generation branch comprises the capacitor, the IGBT switching tube and a load resistor, and is used for enabling the capacitor to discharge in series when the IGBT is conducted so as to generate high-voltage pulse; the control circuit comprises a driving circuit, a voltage sensor and a controller, wherein the driving circuit is used for controlling on and off of an IGBT switching tube to generate pulse voltage, the controller is used for setting output parameters and controlling on and off of the IGBT through the driving circuit, and the voltage sensor detects output voltage and feeds back signals to the controller.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pulse voltage testing technology, and in particular to a pulse voltage testing circuit based on IGBT. Background Technology

[0002] Pulsed power refers to instantaneous high-power pulses that repeat within a fixed period, achieved by compressing energy over a specific time duration. Pulsed power technology possesses unique application value due to its instantaneous nature, high power output, and repeatability. Over the past 50 years, with the rapid development of power electronics and pulsed power technologies, pulsed power technology has attracted widespread attention from researchers, resulting in significant advancements in circuit theory and switching devices. It has broad applications in fields such as rail transportation, industrial applications, and bioelectromagnetics.

[0003] Generally, energy is stored in circuits using inductors or capacitors, and then pulses of a certain width are generated by the periodic switching of switches. The switch plays a crucial role in the circuit, determining the system's output power, voltage amplitude, repetition frequency, pulse width, rise time, and fall time. With the increasingly widespread application of pulsed power sources, high repetition frequency and faster rise time have become more important performance indicators among pulse parameters. Therefore, developing high-voltage pulsed power supplies with high voltage, narrow pulse width, and high repetition frequency is of great significance.

[0004] The information disclosed in the background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of the present invention, and therefore may contain information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings or defects of the existing technology, an IGBT-based pulse voltage testing circuit is provided. This circuit achieves pulse voltage output by parallel charging of capacitors and controlling the conduction and cutoff of IGBTs. By controlling the magnitude of the pre-charge voltage and the input waveform of the IGBT, the amplitude and pulse width of the output waveform can be changed, thus optimizing the adjustability of the pulse voltage testing circuit and reducing its cost.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0007] An IGBT-based pulse voltage testing circuit includes, A 4-stage Marx circuit, which includes diodes, capacitors, and IGBT switching transistors; The charging branch includes a DC / DC power supply, the diode, the capacitor, and a current-limiting resistor for parallel charging of the capacitor; The pulse generation branch includes the capacitor, the IGBT switch and the load resistor, and is used to discharge the capacitor in series when the IGBT is turned on to generate a high voltage pulse. The control circuit includes a drive circuit for controlling the on and off of the IGBT switch to generate a pulse voltage, a voltage sensor, and a controller for setting output parameters and controlling the on and off of the IGBT through the drive circuit. The voltage sensor detects the output voltage and feeds the signal back to the controller.

[0008] In the IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuit, the 4-stage Marx circuit adopts a four-stage voltage multiplier structure, which achieves multi-stage voltage superposition through four capacitors and eight diodes.

[0009] In the IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuit, during the charging process, the capacitor is connected in parallel to the DC / DC power supply through a current-limiting resistor, and maintains a voltage standby state after charging is completed.

[0010] In the IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuit, during pulse generation, the controller controls the IGBT switching transistors to turn on simultaneously through the drive circuit, causing the capacitors to discharge in series and forming a high-voltage pulse voltage across the load resistor.

[0011] In the aforementioned IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuit, the IGBT switching transistor is a fully controllable power device, and its on-time, off-time, and repetition frequency are adjusted by the controller, thereby controlling the amplitude, width, and frequency of the output pulse.

[0012] In the IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuit, the controller includes a key input module and a display module, which are used to set the precharge voltage, pulse width and frequency parameters, and to display the output voltage waveform information in real time.

[0013] In the IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuit, the voltage sensor acquires the output voltage signal and transmits the data to the controller to achieve closed-loop feedback control.

[0014] In the IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuit, the amplitude of the output pulse voltage is adjusted by changing the DC / DC power supply voltage; the width of the output pulse voltage is adjusted by changing the pulse width of the IGBT turn-on signal; and the repetition frequency of the output pulse is adjusted by changing the frequency of the turn-on signal.

[0015] In the aforementioned IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuit, the IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuit outputs single-pulse or multi-pulse voltage waveforms suitable for high-voltage pulse test requirements under different experimental scenarios.

[0016] The test methods for IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuits include: After the system is powered on, the DC / DC power supply charges the capacitors in parallel through the charging branch; Once charging is complete, the controller generates a control signal based on the set parameters; The drive circuit responds to the control signal to control the IGBT switching transistor to turn on or off. When the IGBT switch is turned on, the capacitors discharge in series, generating a high-voltage pulse on the load. The voltage sensor collects the output voltage signal and feeds it back to the controller to achieve closed-loop control.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention uses a driving circuit to control the on and off of the IGBT, which can adjust the pulse width; it uses parallel charging of capacitors and control of the on and off of the IGBT to achieve pulse voltage output; it can change the amplitude and pulse width of the output waveform by controlling the magnitude of the pre-charge voltage and the input waveform of the IGBT, thus optimizing the adjustability of the pulse voltage test circuit; it can increase the amplitude of the output pulse voltage by increasing the DC / DC power supply voltage, and can provide a high voltage pulse power supply with high voltage, narrow pulse width, and high repetition frequency.

[0018] The description provided is merely an overview of the technical solution of this invention. In order to make the technical means of this invention clearer and more understandable, so that those skilled in the art can implement it according to the contents of the specification, and to make the described and other objects, features and advantages of this invention more obvious and understandable, specific embodiments of this invention are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Various other advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings.

[0020] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the pulse voltage test circuit structure; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process of charging a capacitor using the pulse voltage test circuit of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pulse voltage output process of the pulse voltage test circuit of the present invention; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the waveform of the single pulse voltage output by the pulse voltage test circuit of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the waveform of the multi-pulse voltage output by the pulse voltage test circuit of the present invention.

[0021] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Specific embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While specific embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the invention and to fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0023] It should be noted that certain terms are used in the specification and claims to refer to specific components. Those skilled in the art will understand that different terms may be used to refer to the same component. This specification and claims do not distinguish components based on differences in terminology, but rather on differences in function. The terms "comprising" or "including" used throughout the specification and claims are open-ended and should be interpreted as "comprising but not limited to." The following descriptions are preferred embodiments for carrying out the invention; however, these descriptions are for the purpose of understanding the general principles of the specification and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The scope of protection of this invention is determined by the appended claims.

[0024] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will provide further explanation and description with reference to the accompanying drawings and several specific embodiments, and the accompanying drawings do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] To better understand, such as Figures 1 to 5 As shown, an IGBT-based pulse voltage testing circuit includes, A 4-stage Marx circuit, which includes diodes, capacitors, and IGBT switching transistors; The charging branch includes a DC / DC power supply, the diode, the capacitor, and a current-limiting resistor for parallel charging of the capacitor; The pulse generation branch includes the capacitor, the IGBT switch and the load resistor, and is used to discharge the capacitor in series when the IGBT is turned on to generate a high voltage pulse. The control circuit includes a drive circuit for controlling the on and off of the IGBT switch to generate a pulse voltage, a voltage sensor, and a controller for setting output parameters and controlling the on and off of the IGBT through the drive circuit. The voltage sensor detects the output voltage and feeds the signal back to the controller.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuit, the 4-stage Marx circuit adopts a four-stage voltage multiplier structure, which achieves multi-stage voltage superposition through four capacitors and eight diodes.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuit, during the charging process, the capacitor is connected in parallel to the DC / DC power supply through a current-limiting resistor, and maintains a voltage standby state after charging is completed.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuit, during pulse generation, the controller controls the IGBT switching transistors to turn on simultaneously through the drive circuit, causing the capacitors to discharge in series and forming a high-voltage pulse voltage across the load resistor.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuit, the IGBT switch is a fully controllable power device, and its on-time, off-time, and repetition frequency are adjusted by a controller to control the amplitude, width, and frequency of the output pulse.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuit, the controller includes a key input module and a display module, used to set the precharge voltage, pulse width and frequency parameters, and to display the output voltage waveform information in real time.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuit, the voltage sensor acquires the output voltage signal and transmits the data to the controller to achieve closed-loop feedback control.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the IGBT-based pulse voltage testing circuit, the amplitude of the output pulse voltage is adjusted by changing the DC / DC power supply voltage; the width of the output pulse voltage is adjusted by changing the pulse width of the IGBT turn-on signal; and the repetition frequency of the output pulse is adjusted by changing the frequency of the turn-on signal.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuit, the IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuit outputs single-pulse or multi-pulse voltage waveforms suitable for high-voltage pulse test requirements under different experimental scenarios.

[0034] The test methods for IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuits include: After the system is powered on, the DC / DC power supply charges the capacitors in parallel through the charging branch; Once charging is complete, the controller generates a control signal based on the set parameters; The drive circuit responds to the control signal to control the IGBT switching transistor to turn on or off. When the IGBT switch is turned on, the capacitors discharge in series, generating a high-voltage pulse on the load. The voltage sensor collects the output voltage signal and feeds it back to the controller to achieve closed-loop control.

[0035] In one embodiment, the IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuit consists of a four-stage Marx circuit, a charging branch, a pulse generation branch, and a control circuit. The four-stage Marx circuit comprises diodes D1-D8, capacitors C1-C4, and IGBT switches Q1-Q4. The charging branch consists of a DC / DC power supply, diodes D1-D8, capacitors C1-C4, and resistor R1. The pulse generation branch consists of capacitors C1-C4, IGBT switches Q1-Q4, and load resistor Rf. The control circuit consists of a drive circuit, a voltage sensor, and a controller. The pulse voltage test circuit employs two operating modes: parallel capacitor charging and series capacitor discharging. The input is low-voltage DC, and the output is a high-voltage pulse.

[0036] (1) Parallel charging of capacitors: When the DC / DC power supply is turned on, the IGBT switching transistors Q1-Q4 are in the off state. At this time, the DC / DC power supply forms a closed loop through diodes D1-D8, capacitors C1-C4 and resistor R1, and the capacitors are charged in parallel.

[0037] (2) Series discharge of capacitors: The voltage of the output waveform is adjusted by the controller, and the IGBT switching transistors Q1-Q4 are turned on by the drive circuit. At this time, diodes D2-D8 are turned off under reverse voltage, and the capacitors of each stage discharge in series through the IGBT switching transistors, providing a negative high voltage pulse to the load Rf. Diode D1 is turned on under forward voltage, forming another discharge circuit with the DC / DC power supply, IGBT switching transistors Q1-Q4 and capacitors C2-C4.

[0038] The pulse voltage test circuit can provide high-voltage pulses with adjustable pulse width and voltage for experiments. The amplitude of the output pulse voltage can be adjusted by adjusting the DC / DC power supply, and the pulse width of the output pulse voltage can be controlled by adjusting the drive circuit. Finally, the voltage sensor measures the output voltage and displays it on the screen.

[0039] In one embodiment, the IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuit consists of a four-stage Marx circuit, a charging branch, a pulse generation branch, and a control circuit. The four-stage Marx circuit comprises diodes D1-D8, capacitors C1-C4, and IGBT switches Q1-Q4. The charging branch consists of a DC / DC power supply, diodes D1-D8, capacitors C1-C4, and resistor R1. The pulse generation branch consists of capacitors C1-C4, IGBT switches Q1-Q4, and load resistor Rf. The control circuit consists of a drive circuit, a voltage sensor, and a controller. The four-stage Marx circuit comprises diodes D1-D8, capacitors C1-C4, and IGBT switches Q1-Q4. The charging branch consists of a DC / DC power supply, diodes D1-D8, capacitors C1-C4, and resistor R1, with capacitors C1-C4 connected in parallel for charging. The pulse generation branch consists of capacitors C1-C4, IGBT switches Q1-Q4, and load resistor Rf. Capacitors C1-C4 discharge in series when the IGBT switches are turned on. The control circuit consists of a drive circuit, a voltage sensor, and a controller. The controller includes buttons and a screen for controlling the drive circuit. The drive circuit controls the IGBT switches to turn on and off to generate pulse voltage. The voltage sensor measures the output voltage and displays it on the controller screen. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the capacitor charging process of the pulse voltage test circuit, including a 4-stage Marx circuit, a charging branch, a pulse generation branch, and a control circuit. Figure 2 The process of a pulse voltage test circuit charging a capacitor is described. During charging, the diode conducts, the four capacitors are connected in parallel, and the power supply charges the capacitor to a preset value, then waits for a command from the controller. Figure 3 The process of outputting a pulse voltage by a pulse voltage test circuit is shown. It controls the on / off state of the IGBT to output the required pulse voltage waveform. Figure 4 A waveform diagram of the single-pulse voltage output by the pulse voltage test circuit is given. The output voltage U is four times the capacitor voltage, and the pulse width t2-t1 is the pulse width of the IGBT turn-on signal. Figure 5 A waveform diagram of the multi-pulse voltage output from the pulse voltage test circuit is given. The desired multi-pulse voltage waveform can be output by setting the pulse width and frequency of the IGBT turn-on signal. Under normal current-carrying conditions, the system current flows through diodes D1-D8, capacitors C1-C4, and resistor R1, with the capacitors charging in parallel. At this time, no current flows through other branches. When the system needs to provide a high-voltage pulse, the IGBT switches Q1-Q4 are controlled to turn on and off, causing capacitors C1-C4 to discharge in series when the IGBT switches are on, generating a high-voltage pulse across the load Rf.

[0040] The IGBT switching transistors Q1-Q4 are fully controllable devices.

[0041] This invention employs a 4-stage Marx circuit structure, consisting of diodes D1-D8, capacitors C1-C4, and IGBT switches Q1-Q4. It utilizes the series discharge of multiple capacitors to achieve voltage superposition, thereby obtaining a high-amplitude output pulse; improving the system output voltage level to meet high-voltage testing requirements; and featuring a modular design for easy expansion and maintenance, suitable for applications with different voltage levels. The parallel charging and series discharging method involves capacitors C1-C4 charging in parallel with the DC / DC power supply through a current-limiting resistor R1 during the charging phase; and the IGBT conducting during the discharging phase to discharge the capacitors in series to the load Rf. Parallel charging reduces the power requirements of the power supply and improves system efficiency; series discharging significantly increases the output voltage, forming a high-voltage pulse; achieving efficient energy storage and rapid release, meeting the instantaneous high-energy requirements of pulse power technology. Based on fully controlled IGBT switching, the IGBT is used as the main switching device (Q1-Q4), and its conduction and turn-off are controlled by a drive circuit. IGBTs possess advantages such as high withstand voltage, high current, and fast response speed, making them suitable for generating high-frequency, high-voltage pulses. They allow for precise control of conduction time and repetition frequency, as well as adjustment of pulse width and frequency. Supporting closed-loop feedback control enhances system stability and controllability. The control circuit integrates a drive circuit, voltage sensor, and controller, with the controller featuring keypad input and screen display. The drive circuit amplifies the control signal to drive the IGBT, ensuring reliable turn-on and turn-off. The voltage sensor acquires the output voltage signal in real time, providing feedback for closed-loop control. The controller enables parameter setting, waveform control, and data display, improving ease of operation and intelligence. It facilitates human-machine interaction and automated control, enhancing equipment applicability and safety. DC / DC power supply voltage regulation adjusts the output voltage amplitude by changing the capacitor pre-charge voltage. This directly affects the final output pulse voltage amplitude, enabling wide-range voltage adjustment. It meets the requirements for high-voltage pulse amplitude variations under different experimental conditions, exhibiting strong system adaptability and allowing output parameter adjustment without hardware replacement. The pulse width and repetition frequency are adjustable, with the controller setting the pulse width and frequency of the IGBT conduction signal. Pulse width adjustment controls the pulse duration to meet the requirements of different load characteristics; frequency adjustment enables single-pulse or multi-pulse output, expanding application scenarios and improving the flexibility and versatility of the test circuit. A closed-loop feedback control mechanism is employed, where the voltage sensor feeds back the output voltage to the controller, which compares the set value with the actual value and then corrects the drive signal. This achieves dynamic adjustment and stable control of the output voltage; counteracts the effects of external disturbances or load changes; improves the consistency and repeatability of the output waveform; and enhances the reliability of test results.

[0042] The basic principles of this application have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the advantages, benefits, and effects mentioned in this application are merely examples and not limitations, and should not be considered as essential features of each embodiment of this application. Furthermore, the specific details disclosed above are for illustrative and facilitative purposes only, and are not limitations. These details do not limit the application to the necessity of employing the aforementioned specific details for implementation.

[0043] The above description has been given for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of this application to the forms disclosed herein. Although numerous exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those skilled in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and sub-combinations thereof.

Claims

1. A pulse voltage testing circuit based on IGBT, characterized in that, It includes, A 4-stage Marx circuit, which includes diodes, capacitors, and IGBT switching transistors; The charging branch includes a DC / DC power supply, the diode, the capacitor, and a current-limiting resistor for parallel charging of the capacitor; The pulse generation branch includes the capacitor, the IGBT switch and the load resistor, and is used to discharge the capacitor in series when the IGBT is turned on to generate a high voltage pulse. The control circuit includes a drive circuit for controlling the on and off of the IGBT switching transistor to generate a pulse voltage, a voltage sensor, and a controller for setting output parameters and controlling the on and off of the IGBT through the drive circuit. The voltage sensor detects the output voltage and feeds the signal back to the controller.

2. The pulse voltage testing circuit based on IGBT as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Preferably, the 4-stage Marx circuit adopts a four-stage voltage multiplier structure, which achieves multi-stage voltage superposition through four capacitors and eight diodes.

3. The pulse voltage testing circuit based on IGBT as described in claim 1, characterized in that, During charging, the capacitor is connected in parallel to the DC / DC power supply through a current-limiting resistor, and maintains a standby voltage state after charging is completed.

4. The pulse voltage test circuit based on IGBT as described in claim 1, characterized in that, During pulse generation, a high-voltage pulse voltage is formed across the load resistor.

5. The pulse voltage test circuit based on IGBT as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The IGBT switch is a fully controllable power device.

6. The pulse voltage testing circuit based on IGBT as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The controller includes a key input module.

7. The pulse voltage test circuit based on IGBT as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The controller includes a display module.

8. The pulse voltage test circuit based on IGBT as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage sensor collects the output voltage signal.

9. The pulse voltage test circuit based on IGBT as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The IGBT-based pulse voltage test circuit outputs single-pulse or multi-pulse voltage waveforms suitable for high-voltage pulse testing requirements in different experimental scenarios.

10. The test method for the pulse voltage test circuit based on IGBT as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It includes: After the system is powered on, the DC / DC power supply charges the capacitors in parallel through the charging branch; Once charging is complete, the controller generates a control signal based on the set parameters; The drive circuit responds to the control signal to control the IGBT switching transistor to turn on or off. When the IGBT switch is turned on, the capacitors discharge in series, generating a high-voltage pulse on the load. The voltage sensor collects the output voltage signal and feeds it back to the controller to achieve closed-loop control.

Images