Method for cultivating scion seedlings in hotbed

Abstract

The invention provides a method for cultivating scion seedlings in a hotbed. The method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing an electric heating hotbed: firstly digging a seedbed deeply, laying straw or sawdust, watering, treading, and then laying a layer of soil; laying an electric heating wire, covering a film, and placing a seedling substrate; and finally, covering a layer of gauze on the seedling substrate. S2, sowing, wherein seeds and sand are placed on the gauze. S3, seedling transplanting: after the seeds germinate and grow into seedlings, the seedlings are moved out, then the gauze is pulled up, and residual sundries and germs on the gauze are cleaned. S4, continuously sowing: paving the gauze again, and continuously sowing. According to the seedling raising method, repeated sowing and seedling raising can be conducted on the same seedbed, soil preparation is not needed, labor and time are saved, efficiency is high, and the seedling raising survival rate is not affected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seedling technology, specifically to a method for cultivating scion seedlings in a warm bed. Background Technology

[0002] Seedling cultivation, also known as seedling raising, originally refers to the process of nurturing seedlings in nurseries, hotbeds, or greenhouses in preparation for transplanting into the ground. As the saying goes, "Strong seedlings mean a good harvest." Seedling cultivation is a labor-intensive, time-consuming, and technically demanding task.

[0003] The main seedling cultivation methods include raised bed seedling cultivation, hotbed seedling cultivation, container seedling cultivation, and grafting seedling cultivation. In the past, most seedlings were cultivated using traditional direct seeding in open fields or raised beds, improved raised beds, and greenhouses. Due to rudimentary equipment and the influence of natural conditions, seedlings developed over long periods, resulting in poor quality, uneven size, and high costs. Furthermore, seedling shortages were often caused by natural disasters such as frost damage or pests. Moreover, traditional seedling cultivation techniques rely heavily on experience, leading to frequent errors, and it is particularly difficult to master and promote seedling cultivation based solely on experience.

[0004] Hotbed seedling cultivation is a method that uses specially designed electric heating wires (also known as geothermal wires) buried in the soil. When electricity is applied, the electrical energy is converted into heat energy to heat the soil, thereby increasing the soil temperature. Hotbeds have advantages such as simple equipment, convenient management, uniform temperature, and easy temperature control, and are therefore widely used. However, hotbed seedling cultivation also has several problems. First, while heating the seedling substrate, the hotbed also provides favorable conditions for the growth of pathogens, easily leading to soil-borne diseases. Second, after one round of seedling cultivation, the nutrient soil needs to be replaced for another round to remove insect eggs and pathogens, reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases. This process is cumbersome, increases workload, and wastes seedling substrate.

[0005] Therefore, researching a quick, simple, and repeatable method for cultivating scion seedlings in a warm bed is urgently needed in the market. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the above-mentioned problems by providing a method for cultivating scion seedlings in a warm bed. This method allows for multiple sowing and seedling cultivation on the same seedbed without the need for repeated land preparation, saving labor and time, increasing efficiency, and not affecting the seedling survival rate.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A method for cultivating scion seedlings in a warm bed includes the following steps:

[0009] S1. Prepare the electric heating bed: First, dig the seedbed deep, lay straw or sawdust, water it and tamp it down, then lay a layer of soil; then lay the electric heating wire, cover it with a film, and put the seedling substrate; finally, cover the seedling substrate with a layer of gauze.

[0010] S2. Sowing: Place the seeds and sand on the mesh.

[0011] S3. Transplanting: After the seeds germinate and grow into seedlings, transplant the seedlings, then pull up the netting and clean up any remaining debris and pathogens on the netting.

[0012] S4. Continue sowing: Simply cover the netting again to continue sowing.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1, the seedbed is dug to a depth of 15-30cm and covered with 5-7cm of straw or sawdust.

[0014] Preferably, in step S1, the seedling substrate comprises organic fertilizer, peat, and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 3 to 5:1:2.

[0015] Preferably, the seedling substrate is first treated as follows: the seedling substrate and the fungicide are thoroughly mixed at a mass ratio of 3-4:1.

[0016] Preferably, the bactericide is prepared by grinding walnut septum into powder, then placing the powder into rice water at 50-60°C, mixing well, and letting it stand for 10-15 minutes to obtain septum liquid. Next, 0.2-0.5 times the mass of the septum liquid of 95% edible ethanol is added to the liquid. The resulting solution is passed through a colloid mill 2-3 times, and then mixed with 0.1-0.2 times the mass of the solution of earthworm powder to obtain a mixture. Bacillus subtilis is then added to the mixture, and aerobic fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 36-37°C for 7-10 days to obtain the bactericide.

[0017] Preferably, the mesh is a 10-30 mesh mesh.

[0018] Preferably, the sandy soil is 2-3 cm thick.

[0019] Preferably, in step S4, after sowing 5 to 10 more times, the film is removed from top to bottom, and the electric heating bed is prepared again before sowing.

[0020] Preferably, in step S2, after sowing, the bent rod is prepared into an arch shape, and then a transparent film is covered on top of the arch.

[0021] Preferably, a light bulb is hung about 30cm above the seeds, below the plastic film, to keep them warm and promote chlorosis; otherwise, seedlings that do not receive sunlight will turn yellow.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The method for cultivating scion seedlings in a hotbed according to the present invention allows for multiple sowing and seedling cultivation on the same seedbed without the need for re-land preparation, saving labor and time, increasing efficiency, and not affecting the seedling survival rate.

[0024] 2. The method for cultivating scion seedlings in a hotbed according to the present invention can not only remove pathogens in the seedling substrate and avoid creating favorable conditions for pathogens to grow and multiply during the seedling cultivation process, but also ensure the organic matter content in the seedling substrate, thereby providing more sufficient nutrients for the growth of scion seedlings.

[0025] 3. The method for cultivating scion seedlings in a warm bed according to this invention allows for repeated sowing by simply lifting the mesh to remove insect eggs and pathogens, followed by re-laying the mesh before sowing again, thus reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases. After a certain number of plantings, the film can be cleaned first, and the seedling substrate and mesh can be re-laid to ensure the seedlings meet their nutritional needs, avoiding the cost waste caused by each replacement.

[0026] 4. In the method of cultivating scion seedlings in a warm bed according to the present invention, a light bulb is hung about 30cm above the seeds under the plastic film to keep them warm and promote greening. Otherwise, the seedlings that do not receive sunlight will turn yellow. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0028] Example 1:

[0029] A method for cultivating scion seedlings in a warm bed, taking watermelon as an example, includes the following steps:

[0030] S1. Preparing the electric heating seedbed: First, dig the seedbed to a depth of 20cm, lay a 6cm thick layer of straw or sawdust, water and tamp it down, then add a layer of soil; then lay the heating wires, cover with a thin film, and place the seedling substrate; finally, cover the seedling substrate with a layer of gauze. The seedling substrate includes organic fertilizer, peat, and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 4:1:2. The seedling substrate is first treated as follows: the seedling substrate and fungicide are thoroughly mixed in a mass ratio of 3:1. The bactericide is prepared by grinding walnut septum into powder, then adding the powder to rice water at 50°C, mixing well, and letting it stand for 10 minutes to obtain septum liquid. Next, 95% edible ethanol, accounting for 0.2 times the mass of the septum liquid, is added to the mixture. The resulting solution is then passed through a colloid mill twice and mixed with earthworm powder, accounting for 0.1 times the mass of the solution, to obtain a mixed solution. Bacillus subtilis is then added to the mixed solution, and aerobic fermentation is carried out at 36°C for 7 days to obtain the bactericide.

[0031] S2. Sowing: Place the seeds and sand on the mesh. The mesh is 20 mesh. The sand is 2 cm thick.

[0032] After sowing, bend the rod-like material to form an arch, and then cover the arch with a transparent film. Hang a light bulb 30cm above the seeds, below the plastic film, to keep them warm and promote chlorosis; otherwise, seedlings that don't receive sunlight will turn yellow.

[0033] S3. Transplanting: After the seeds germinate and grow into seedlings, transplant the seedlings, then pull up the netting and clean up any remaining debris and pathogens on the netting.

[0034] S4. Continue sowing: Cover the netting again and continue sowing. After sowing 5 times, remove the plastic film from top to bottom, prepare a new electric heating bed, and then sow again.

[0035] Example 2:

[0036] A method for cultivating scion seedlings in a warm bed, taking melon as an example, includes the following steps:

[0037] S1. Preparing the electric heating seedbed: First, dig the seedbed to a depth of 30cm, lay a 7cm thick layer of straw or sawdust, water and tamp it down, then add a layer of soil; then lay the heating wires, cover with a thin film, and place the seedling substrate; finally, cover the seedling substrate with a layer of gauze. The seedling substrate includes organic fertilizer, peat, and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 3:1:2. The seedling substrate is first treated as follows: the seedling substrate and fungicide are thoroughly mixed in a mass ratio of 3:1. The bactericide is prepared by grinding walnut septum into powder, then mixing the powder with rice water at 53°C, and letting it stand for 11 minutes to obtain septum liquid. Next, 0.3 times the mass of the septum liquid of 95% edible ethanol is added to the mixture. The resulting solution is passed through a colloid mill twice and then mixed with 0.1 times the mass of earthworm powder to obtain a mixture. Bacillus subtilis is then added to the mixture, and aerobic fermentation is carried out at 36°C for 8 days to obtain the bactericide.

[0038] S2. Sowing: Place the seeds and sand on the mesh. The mesh is 30 mesh. The sand is 3 cm thick.

[0039] After sowing, bend the rod-like material to form an arch, and then cover the arch with a transparent film. Hang a light bulb 30cm above the seeds, below the plastic film, to keep them warm and promote chlorosis; otherwise, seedlings that don't receive sunlight will turn yellow.

[0040] S3. Transplanting: After the melon seeds sprout seedlings, transplant the seedlings, then lift up the netting and clean away any remaining debris and pathogens.

[0041] S4. Continue sowing: Cover the netting again and continue sowing. After sowing 5 times, remove the plastic film from top to bottom, prepare a new electric heating bed, and then sow again.

[0042] Example 3:

[0043] A method for cultivating grafted seedlings in a warm bed, taking wax gourd as an example, includes the following steps:

[0044] S1. Preparing the electric heating seedbed: First, dig the seedbed to a depth of 15cm, lay a 5cm thick layer of straw or sawdust, water and tamp it down, then add a layer of soil; then lay the heating wires, cover with a thin film, and place the seedling substrate; finally, cover the seedling substrate with a layer of gauze. The seedling substrate includes organic fertilizer, peat, and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 5:1:2. The seedling substrate is first treated as follows: the seedling substrate and fungicide are thoroughly mixed in a mass ratio of 4:1. The bactericide is prepared by grinding walnut septum into powder, then mixing the powder with rice water at 56°C, and letting it stand for 13 minutes to obtain septum liquid. Next, 95% edible ethanol, accounting for 0.4 times the mass of the septum liquid, is added to the mixture. The resulting solution is then passed through a colloid mill three times and mixed with earthworm powder, accounting for 0.2 times the mass of the solution, to obtain a mixed solution. Bacillus subtilis is then added to the mixed solution, and aerobic fermentation is carried out at 36°C for 9 days to obtain the bactericide.

[0045] S2. Sowing: Place the seeds and sand on the mesh. The mesh is a 10-mesh mesh. The sand is 3 cm thick.

[0046] After sowing, bend the rod-like material to form an arch, and then cover the arch with a transparent film. Hang a light bulb 30cm above the seeds, below the plastic film, to keep them warm and promote chlorosis; otherwise, seedlings that don't receive sunlight will turn yellow.

[0047] S3. Transplanting: After the seeds germinate and grow into seedlings, transplant the seedlings, then pull up the netting and clean up any remaining debris and pathogens on the netting.

[0048] S4. Continue sowing: Cover the netting again and continue sowing. After sowing 10 times, remove the plastic film from top to bottom, prepare a new electric heating bed, and then sow again.

[0049] Example 4:

[0050] A method for cultivating scion seedlings in a warm bed, taking bitter gourd as an example, includes the following steps:

[0051] S1. Preparing the electric heating seedbed: First, dig the seedbed to a depth of 20cm, lay a 6cm thick layer of straw or sawdust, water and tamp it down, then add a layer of soil; then lay the heating wires, cover with a thin film, and place the seedling substrate; finally, cover the seedling substrate with a layer of gauze. The seedling substrate includes organic fertilizer, peat, and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 4:1:2. The seedling substrate is first treated as follows: the seedling substrate and fungicide are thoroughly mixed in a mass ratio of 4:1. The bactericide is prepared by grinding walnut septum into powder, then mixing the powder with rice water at 60°C, and letting it stand for 15 minutes to obtain septum liquid. Next, 0.5 times the mass of the septum liquid of 95% edible ethanol is added to the mixture. The resulting solution is passed through a colloid mill three times and then mixed with 0.2 times the mass of earthworm powder to obtain a mixture. Bacillus subtilis is then added to the mixture, and aerobic fermentation is carried out at 37°C for 10 days to obtain the bactericide.

[0052] S2. Sowing: Place the seeds and sand on the mesh. The mesh is 20 mesh. The sand is 3 cm thick.

[0053] After sowing, bend the rod-like material to form an arch, and then cover the arch with a transparent film. Hang a light bulb 30cm above the seeds, below the plastic film, to keep them warm and promote chlorosis; otherwise, seedlings that don't receive sunlight will turn yellow.

[0054] S3. Transplanting: After the seeds germinate and grow into seedlings, transplant the seedlings, then pull up the netting and clean up any remaining debris and pathogens on the netting.

[0055] S4. Continue sowing: Cover the netting again and continue sowing. After sowing 6 times, remove the plastic film from top to bottom, prepare a new heated bed, and then sow again.

[0056] Comparative Example 1:

[0057] A method for cultivating scion seedlings in a hotbed, taking watermelon as an example, involves removing the plastic film from the top after each transplanting, preparing a new electrically heated hotbed, and then sowing the seedlings.

[0058] Comparative Example 2:

[0059] A method for cultivating scion seedlings in a hotbed, taking melon as an example, involves removing the plastic film from the top after each transplanting, preparing a new electrically heated hotbed, and then sowing the seedlings.

[0060] Experimental Example 1:

[0061] Seedlings were raised according to the methods of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2, and the survival rate of seedlings in each group was calculated. For ease of comparison, all influencing factors were the same except for the highlighted content. Specific data are shown in Table 1.

[0062] Table 1 Comparison of survival rates among different cultivation methods in each group

[0063]

[0064] As can be seen from Examples 1-2, Comparative Examples 1-2 and the data in Table 1, the seedling survival rate of the method for cultivating scion seedlings in the warm bed of the present invention does not change much after 5 consecutive seedling cultivations. This indicates that the method of the present application can be used to sow and cultivate seedlings multiple times on the same seedbed without the need for land preparation again, which saves labor and time, is highly efficient, and saves costs. Therefore, it is worth promoting.

[0065] Experimental Example 2:

[0066] In addition to the electric heating bed design enabling multiple sowings, the applicant also added a fungicide to prevent the growth of pathogens in the bed environment. The effectiveness of the fungicide was verified through the following experiments:

[0067] Four harmful bacteria—*Strombus spp.*, *Scutellaria barbata*, *Trichoderma solani*, and *Escherichia coli*—were cultured and inoculated into the following sterilized PDA media. The cultures were incubated at 28°C for 7 days, and colony diameters were measured. The inhibitory effects of different treatments on each harmful bacterium were recorded. The groups are as follows:

[0068] Group 1: PDA culture medium containing the bactericide described in Example 2;

[0069] Group 2: Remove earthworm powder from the fungicide, otherwise the same as Group 1;

[0070] Group 3: Remove rice water from the disinfectant, otherwise the method is the same as Group 1;

[0071] Group 4: The fermentation bacteria in the bactericide are replaced with yeast, and the other methods are the same as in Group 1.

[0072] Set up a control: Add an equal amount of sterile water to the PDA culture medium;

[0073] Inhibition rate (%) = [(Control colony diameter - Treated colony diameter) / Control colony diameter] × 100%. The control colony diameter was used to set up the control group, and the treated colony diameters were taken from the groups listed above. Recorded data are shown in Table 2.

[0074] Table 2 Comparison of harmful bacteria inhibition rates among groups

[0075] Beaded Bean curd skin Trichophyton E. coli Group 1 89.42％ 84.35％ 88.27％ 89.51％ Group 2 63.26％ 81.35％ 82.44％ 80.21％ Group 3 81.53％ 51.22％ 67.96％ 83.26％ Group 4 63.51％ 64.28％ 66.15％ 71.61％

[0076] As shown in Table 2, the fungicide of this application can kill the harmful fungi, while the fungicides of other groups are not very effective.

[0077] When the fungicide from the first group was applied to the culture medium of this application, the organic matter content of the seedling substrate increased from 9.12 g / kg to 13.56 g / kg. Further testing showed that there were no harmful soil components in the seedling substrate.

[0078] The above description is a detailed explanation of preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made under the technical concept presented in the present invention should fall within the patent scope covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating scion seedlings in a warm bed, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Prepare the electric heating bed: First, dig the seedbed deep, lay straw or sawdust, water it and tamp it down, then lay a layer of soil. Then lay the heating wires, cover with a thin film, and place the seedling substrate; finally, cover the seedling substrate with a layer of gauze. S2. Sowing: Place the seeds and sand on the mesh; S3. Transplanting: After the seeds germinate and grow into seedlings, transplant the seedlings, then lift up the netting and clean away any remaining debris and pathogens. S4. Continue sowing: Simply cover the netting again to continue sowing.

2. The method for cultivating scion seedlings in a warm bed according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the seedbed is dug to a depth of 15-30cm and covered with 5-7cm of straw or sawdust.

3. The method for cultivating scion seedlings in a warm bed according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the seedling substrate includes organic fertilizer, peat, and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 3 to 5:1:

2.

4. The method for cultivating scion seedlings in a warm bed according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the seedling substrate is first treated as follows: the seedling substrate and the fungicide are thoroughly mixed at a mass ratio of 3-4:

1.

5. The method for cultivating scion seedlings in a warm bed according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bactericide is prepared by grinding walnut septum into powder, then adding the powder to rice water at 50-60℃, mixing well, and letting it stand for 10-15 minutes to obtain septum liquid. Next, 0.2-0.5 times the mass of the septum liquid of 95% edible ethanol is added to it. The resulting solution is passed through a colloid mill 2-3 times, and then mixed with 0.1-0.2 times the mass of the solution of earthworm powder to obtain a mixture. Bacillus subtilis is then added to the mixture, and aerobic fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 36-37℃. After fermentation for 7-10 days, the bactericide can be obtained.

6. The method for cultivating scion seedlings in a warm bed according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the mesh is a 10-30 mesh mesh.

7. The method for cultivating scion seedlings in a warm bed according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the sand is 2-3 cm thick.

8. The method for cultivating scion seedlings in a warm bed according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, after sowing 5 to 10 more times, remove the film from top to bottom, prepare a new electric heating bed, and then sow again.

9. The method for cultivating scion seedlings in a warm bed according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, after sowing, the bent rod-shaped material is prepared into an arch shape, and then a transparent film is covered on top of the arch shape.

10. The method for cultivating scion seedlings in a warm bed according to claim 9, characterized in that, A light bulb is hung 30cm above the seeds, below the plastic film.

Images