Deformation control device and method during friction stir welding of liquid cooling plate

Abstract

The invention discloses a deformation control device and method during friction stir welding of a liquid cooling plate, and through the synergistic effect of a hollow profile base plate, a liquid cooling circulation unit and a friction stir welding tool, welding thermal deformation is effectively restrained. The device comprises a hollow profile base plate, a liquid cooling plate cover plate, a liquid cooling plate base plate, a liquid cooling circulation unit and a friction stir welding tool, heat dissipation of the hollow profile base plate is enhanced through a cavity, the liquid cooling circulation unit continuously cools a liquid cooling plate water channel during welding, and a cooling shaft shoulder actively cools a stirring needle. The method comprises the steps of pre-fixing the liquid cooling plate cover plate and the liquid cooling plate substrate, placing the hollow profile base plate, establishing cooling liquid circulation, performing low-voltage leakage detection, welding and performing high-voltage detection after welding. Welding deformation is remarkably reduced through a multi-cooling mechanism, a traditional anti-deformation tool is omitted, the automation degree is improved, and the method is particularly suitable for high-quality welding of large-size or high-heat-conduction material liquid cooling plates and has the advantages of being good in deformation control effect, low in cost, high in efficiency and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of welding deformation control technology, specifically to a deformation control device and method for liquid-cooled plate friction stir welding. Background Technology

[0002] A liquid cooling plate is a device that achieves efficient heat dissipation through the circulation of cooling water. With the rapid development of data centers and artificial intelligence, the demand for liquid cooling plates has increased dramatically. Currently, liquid cooling plates are widely used in electronic equipment, new energy vehicles, energy storage systems, and other fields. When a liquid cooling plate is working, cooling water flows in a closed pipe, which quickly conducts the heat generated by the heat-generating components and dissipates it to the external environment, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the equipment components.

[0003] The manufacturing process of liquid cooling plates typically involves first machining water channels on an aluminum alloy substrate using CNC machining, and then welding the cover plate and the substrate together to form a single structure. Welding methods include brazing and friction stir welding. Brazing results in lower joint strength, typically 30%-50% of the base material, requires a vacuum brazing furnace, is costly, and its sealing performance is affected by process fluctuations. Friction stir welding is a recently developed joining method, offering high-quality, stable connections and a green, environmentally friendly production process. However, friction stir welded liquid cooling plates suffer from significant post-weld deformation, requiring CNC machining for reshaping, which increases manufacturing costs. To control this deformation, some have proposed introducing anti-deformation tooling. However, this method requires extracting patterns from a large amount of deformation data for targeted anti-deformation design, resulting in high costs, long processing times, and requiring re-study of deformation patterns when parts or water channels are modified. Furthermore, the introduction of uneven anti-deformation tooling increases the difficulty of automated production during the welding process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a deformation control device and method for liquid-cooled plate friction stir welding, so as to solve the problems of easy deformation, high cost, long time consumption and difficulty in automated production during the manufacturing process.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a deformation control device for friction stir welding of liquid-cooled plates, comprising: a friction stir welding tool, a liquid-cooled plate cover plate, a liquid-cooled plate substrate, a liquid-cooled circulation unit, and a hollow profile pad.

[0006] The liquid-cooled plate substrate has water channels and a liquid-cooled plate substrate inlet and a liquid-cooled plate substrate outlet that connect to the water channels; the upper part of the liquid-cooled plate substrate has a groove that matches the liquid-cooled plate cover plate, the groove is located above the water channels of the liquid-cooled plate substrate, and the liquid-cooled plate cover plate is embedded in the groove of the liquid-cooled plate substrate and pressed and fixed.

[0007] The friction stir welding tool includes a cooling shoulder and a stirring pin. The cooling shoulder has cooling channels inside for spraying cooling medium onto the stirring pin. The stirring pin is coaxially mounted inside the cooling shoulder. The friction stir welding tool is used to weld the liquid-cooled plate cover and the liquid-cooled plate substrate together along the joint.

[0008] The liquid cooling circulation unit includes a pressure pump, coolant, and pipelines; the pipelines include a first pipeline and a second pipeline, the first pipeline being connected to the pressure pump inlet and the liquid cooling plate substrate outlet respectively, and the second pipeline being connected to the pressure pump outlet and the liquid cooling plate substrate inlet respectively.

[0009] The upper surface of the hollow profile pad is in contact with the bottom surface of the liquid cooling plate substrate, and the interior of the hollow profile pad has a through cavity for heat dissipation.

[0010] To optimize the above technical solution, the specific limitations also include:

[0011] The hollow profile pad has a hollow cross-section with a top and bottom wall thickness of 6–12 mm, a height of 12–24 mm, and a width of 20–40 mm.

[0012] Furthermore, the device also includes a fan placed on one side of the hollow profile pad, directly facing the cavity therethrough, to enhance the air-cooling effect of the hollow profile pad.

[0013] The pressure pump is equipped with a temperature measuring device at its inlet / outlet. When the temperature exceeds the set limit, the cooling system of the pressure pump is activated to cool the coolant in the pressure pump.

[0014] Furthermore, a purification device is provided at the inlet / outlet of the pressure pump. After the coolant flows back to the pressure pump, it is filtered by the purification device to remove impurities.

[0015] Furthermore, the cooling medium is water mist or compressed air, and the coolant is pure water, fluorocarbon, or hydrocarbon.

[0016] This invention also protects a method for controlling the deformation of a device, comprising:

[0017] S1: Place the liquid cooling plate cover into the groove above the water channel of the corresponding liquid cooling plate substrate, and press the cover firmly onto the liquid cooling plate substrate.

[0018] S2: Fix the liquid cooling plate cover and the liquid cooling plate substrate to the hollow profile pad;

[0019] S3: Connect the pressure pump inlet to the liquid cooling plate substrate outlet through the first pipeline, and connect the pressure pump outlet to the liquid cooling plate substrate inlet through the second pipeline to form a coolant circulation loop.

[0020] S4: Adjust the output pressure of the pressure pump and inject coolant into the liquid-cooled plate substrate through the pipeline, so that the coolant flows in the water channel between the liquid-cooled plate substrate and the liquid-cooled plate cover.

[0021] S5: Select the appropriate cooling shoulder and stirring pin, and adjust the welding parameters to weld the liquid cooling plate cover and liquid cooling plate base plate along the joint.

[0022] Furthermore, in step S4, observe whether there is any water leakage at the edge of the liquid cooling plate cover. If so, use a pressing device to press down at the corresponding position to reduce coolant leakage.

[0023] In step S5, the inner diameter S of the cooling shoulder 内径 and the outer diameter T of the stirring needle 外径 The relationship is S 内径 ≈T 外径 +0.2mm; Stirring needle length T 长度 d, which is determined by the thickness of the liquid cooling plate cover 盖板 Decision, T 长度 ≈d 盖板 .

[0024] After welding is completed, the stirring tool is removed from the part, the coolant pressure is adjusted, and the sealing of the welded liquid cooling plate is checked.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] This invention utilizes a liquid-cooled circulation unit to force coolant to flow through the liquid-cooled plate channels during welding, directly absorbing heat from the welding zone and reducing the thermal expansion difference between the liquid-cooled plate substrate and cover plate. Cooling channels inside the cooling shoulder spray water mist or compressed air onto the stirring pin, lowering its temperature, reducing heat input, and extending tool life. The through-cavity of the hollow profile backing plate, combined with forced convection from a side fan, accelerates heat dissipation from the base plate, forming a three-dimensional heat dissipation network. The synergistic effect of these three elements significantly suppresses welding heat input, fundamentally reducing deformation in liquid-cooled plate friction stir welding and eliminating the high cost and complexity of traditional anti-deformation tooling designs.

[0027] The cooling shoulder, acting as a stationary shoulder, applies downward pressure to suppress thermal expansion and warping during the welding of the liquid cooling plate cover. Simultaneous cooling of the heat source is achieved in the clamping area. Mechanical clamping and thermal management functions are implemented on the same component, reducing equipment complexity and improving response speed. The standardized design of the hollow profile pad ensures high versatility, suitable for liquid cooling plates of different sizes, and reduces tooling management costs.

[0028] Pre-welding low-pressure leak detection locates leak points in real time and repairs them quickly by pressing with a pin; post-welding high-pressure holding detection automatically verifies the weld seal, replacing manual inspection, improving the level of production automation and product reliability, significantly reducing reliance on post-welding CNC calibration and manufacturing costs, and is especially suitable for high-quality and high-efficiency welding of large-size or high thermal conductivity liquid cooling plates.

[0029] For high thermal conductivity materials such as aluminum alloys and copper alloys, the deformation amount can be greatly reduced by adjusting the stirring pin parameters and cooling intensity, thus solving the deformation problem caused by high thermal conductivity in traditional processes. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 : A schematic diagram of a deformation control device for friction stir welding of liquid-cooled plates.

[0031] Figure 2 : A schematic diagram of the water channel structure of a liquid cooling plate.

[0032] Figure 3 : A schematic diagram of a cooling shoulder and stirring needle.

[0033] In the diagram: 101 Substrate, 102 Cover plate, 103 Water channel, 104 Liquid cooling plate substrate inlet, 105 Liquid cooling plate substrate outlet, 106 Pressure pump, 1061 Pressure pump inlet, 1062 Pressure pump outlet, 107 Temperature measuring device, 108 Coolant, 109 Pipeline, 201 Hollow profile pad, 202 Cooling shoulder, 203 Stirring needle, 204 Ejector pin, 2021 Cooling channel. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments, but it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the subject matter of the present invention to the following embodiments. All technologies implemented based on the above content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0035] The orientations or positional relationships described herein are based on the relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present invention and simplifying the description. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0036] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a deformation control device for friction stir welding of liquid-cooled plates, comprising: a friction stir welding tool, a liquid-cooled plate cover plate 102, a liquid-cooled plate substrate 101, a liquid-cooled circulation unit, and a hollow profile pad plate 201.

[0037] The liquid-cooled plate substrate 101 has a water channel 103 and a liquid-cooled plate substrate inlet 104 and a liquid-cooled plate substrate outlet 105 that connect to the water channel 103; the upper part of the liquid-cooled plate substrate 101 has a groove that matches the liquid-cooled plate cover plate 102, the groove is correspondingly located above the water channel 103 of the liquid-cooled plate substrate 101, and the liquid-cooled plate cover plate 102 is embedded in the groove of the liquid-cooled plate substrate 101 and pressed and fixed.

[0038] In some embodiments, the liquid-cooled plate substrate 101 is made of aluminum alloy or copper alloy. Water channels 103, typically S-shaped, are CNC machined within the liquid-cooled plate substrate 101. Liquid-cooled plate substrate inlets 104 and outlets 105 are machined on the side or surface of the liquid-cooled plate substrate 101. The width and depth of each water channel 103 are determined according to design requirements. Typically, the depth of the water channel 103 is 3 / 5 to 2 / 3 of the thickness of the liquid-cooled plate substrate 101. A step is machined at the top edge of the water channel 103, the height of which is consistent with the thickness of the liquid-cooled plate cover 102, and the width of which is generally about 1.5 times the thickness of the liquid-cooled plate cover 102.

[0039] In some embodiments, the liquid cooling plate cover 102 is made of aluminum alloy or copper alloy, and is typically machined to the appropriate size and shape by CNC machining to mate with the water channel 103 step of the substrate 101. After the liquid cooling plate cover 102 mates with the liquid cooling plate substrate 101 step, they are welded by friction stir welding.

[0040] As a preferred option, the liquid cooling plate cover 102 generally has a post-weld machining allowance of about 0.5-1mm to ensure that the deformation of the liquid cooling plate after welding and machining meets the assembly requirements.

[0041] Preferably, the dimensional tolerance range of the liquid cooling plate substrate 101 and the liquid cooling plate cover 102 is ±0.05-0.1mm.

[0042] Preferably, the thickness of the liquid cooling plate cover 102 is 3-6 mm, and the thickness of the liquid cooling plate substrate 101 is 10-30 mm.

[0043] The friction stir welding tool includes a cooling shoulder 202 and a stirring needle 203. The cooling shoulder 202 has a cooling channel 2021 inside, which is used to spray cooling medium into the stirring needle 203. The stirring needle 203 is coaxially installed inside the cooling shoulder 202. The friction stir welding tool is used to weld the liquid cooling plate cover 102 and the liquid cooling plate substrate 101 together along the joint.

[0044] The liquid cooling circulation unit includes a pressure pump 106, coolant 108, and pipes 109. Pipes 109 include a first pipe and a second pipe. The first pipe is connected to the pressure pump inlet 1061 and the liquid cooling plate substrate outlet 105, respectively. The second pipe is connected to the pressure pump outlet 1062 and the liquid cooling plate substrate inlet 104, respectively. Pipes 109 are used for the flow of coolant 108. They are usually made of polymer materials such as nylon and can withstand a maximum pressure of 0-30 MPa.

[0045] In some embodiments, the cooling medium is water mist or compressed air, and the coolant 108 is pure water, fluorocarbon, or hydrocarbon. Its function is to carry away the heat generated during the friction stir welding process and reduce post-weld deformation by circulating the coolant 108 in the water channel 103 formed by the liquid cooling plate substrate 101 and the liquid cooling plate cover 102.

[0046] In some embodiments, the pressure pump 106 provides power for the circulation of coolant 108 within the water channel 103 and corresponding pipes formed by the combination of the liquid-cooled plate substrate 101 and the liquid-cooled plate cover 102. The pressure is automatically adjustable, with an operating range of 0-30 MPa. The pressure pump outlet 1062 is connected to the liquid-cooled plate substrate inlet 104 via a pipe 109, and the pressure pump inlet 1061 is connected to the liquid-cooled plate substrate outlet 105 via a pipe 109. When the coolant 108 flows back to the pressure pump 106 from the liquid-cooled plate substrate outlet 105, it is first filtered through a filter screen to remove impurities before circulating. Temperature measuring devices 107 are installed at both the pressure pump inlet 1061 and the pressure pump outlet 1062 to measure the temperature of the coolant 108 at those locations. When the temperature exceeds the set value (e.g., 50°C or more), the system will automatically alarm. At the same time, the cooling device (such as a cooling motor) built into the pressure pump 106 will start working to cool the coolant 108 in the circulation loop and reduce its temperature to the set range.

[0047] The upper surface of the hollow profile pad 201 is in contact with the bottom surface of the liquid cooling plate substrate 101, and the interior of the hollow profile pad 201 has a through cavity for heat dissipation.

[0048] Hollow profile pads 201 are typically made of aluminum alloy and have a hollow cross-section. The thickness of the upper and lower panels is usually 6mm-12mm, the height of the hollow structure is usually 12mm-24mm, the width of a single hollow structure is usually 20-40mm, and the thickness of the vertical ribs is usually 6-12mm.

[0049] The device also includes a fan placed on one side of the hollow profile pad 201, directly facing its through cavity, to enhance the air-cooling effect of the hollow profile pad 201.

[0050] A temperature measuring device 107 is provided at the inlet / outlet of the pressure pump 106. When the temperature exceeds the set limit, the cooling system of the pressure pump 106 is activated to cool the coolant 108 in the pressure pump 106.

[0051] The pressure pump 106 is also equipped with a purification device at its inlet / outlet. After the coolant 108 flows back to the pressure pump 106, it is filtered by the purification device to remove impurities.

[0052] This invention also protects a method for controlling deformation during friction stir welding of liquid-cooled plates, comprising:

[0053] S1: Place the liquid cooling plate cover 102 into the groove above the water channel 103 of the corresponding liquid cooling plate substrate 101, and press and fix the cover plate on the liquid cooling plate substrate 101 to achieve pre-fixation of the liquid cooling plate cover 102 and the liquid cooling plate substrate 101.

[0054] S2: Fix the liquid cooling plate cover 102 and the liquid cooling plate substrate 101 together on the hollow profile pad 201 to prevent the liquid cooling plate substrate 101 from moving during the welding process.

[0055] S3: Connect the pressure pump inlet 1061 to the liquid-cooled plate substrate outlet 105 through the first pipeline, and connect the pressure pump outlet 1062 to the liquid-cooled plate substrate inlet 104 through the second pipeline.

[0056] S4: Adjust the output pressure of the pressure pump 106 and inject coolant 108 into the liquid-cooled plate substrate 101 through the pipeline 109, so that the coolant 108 flows in the water channel 103 between the liquid-cooled plate substrate 101 and the liquid-cooled plate cover 102, forming a coolant 108 circulation loop.

[0057] S5: Select the appropriate cooling shoulder 202 and stirring needle 203, and adjust the welding parameters, including the spindle rotation speed and feed speed, and weld the liquid cooling plate cover 102 and the liquid cooling plate base plate 101 along the joint.

[0058] In step S4, observe whether there is any water leakage at the edge of the liquid cooling plate cover 102. If so, use a pressing device to press the liquid at the corresponding position to reduce the leakage of coolant 108.

[0059] Preferably, the pressing device is a pressing pin 204, which is made of wear-resistant steel and has a diameter of φ4mm at the contact position with the liquid cooling plate cover 102 and the liquid cooling plate substrate 101.

[0060] In some embodiments, the cooling shoulder 202 serves several purposes: 1. During welding, it acts as a stationary shoulder to press against the liquid-cooled plate cover 102, preventing warping or movement during welding; 2. It reduces heat input generated by shoulder rotation during welding, thereby reducing post-weld deformation; 3. Through the built-in cooling channels 2021, it sprays cooling medium onto the stirring pin 203 during welding to cool the stirring pin 203, extend its service life, and help reduce post-weld deformation. The cooling shoulder 202 has cooling channels 2021 machined on it, allowing external cooling sources, such as water mist or compressed air, to cool the stirring pin 203 mounted at its center.

[0061] In some embodiments, the stirring pin 203 is used in conjunction with the cooling shoulder 202 to apply static shoulder friction stir welding to the welded component consisting of the liquid-cooled plate substrate 101 and the liquid-cooled plate cover 102. The weld on the upper surface is smooth and flat after welding, requiring no subsequent flash treatment. Simultaneously, the introduction of the cooling shoulder 202 helps reduce welding heat input, thereby reducing post-weld deformation of the liquid-cooled plate.

[0062] In step S5, the inner diameter S of the cooling shoulder 202 is... 内径 and stirring needle 203 outer diameter T 外径 The relationship is S 内径 ≈T 外径 +0.2mm; Stirring needle 203 needle length T 长度 d, which is determined by the thickness of the liquid cooling plate cover 盖板 Decision, T 长度 ≈d 盖板 .

[0063] In some embodiments, the length of the stirring needle 203 is typically equal to the thickness d of the liquid cooling plate cover 102. 盖板 102 minus 0.2mm.

[0064] The rotation speed of the stirring pin 203 during the welding process is 500-2500 rpm, and the feed speed is usually 100-500 mm / min.

[0065] In some embodiments, after welding is initiated, the stirring tool welds the liquid-cooled plate cover 102 onto the liquid-cooled plate substrate 101 according to a set path. During the welding process, the coolant 108 flows continuously inside the liquid-cooled plate; the cooling shoulder 202 sprays a cooling medium (such as water mist) from above to reduce the temperature of the stirring needle 203; and the hollow profile pad 201 removes the welding heat from the bottom of the liquid-cooled plate through air circulation in its cavity, working together to reduce welding deformation.

[0066] After welding, remove the stirring tool from the workpiece; simultaneously adjust the pressure of the coolant 108 to approximately 1.5 MPa and maintain this pressure for 10–15 minutes. Check the weld for leaks. If there are no leaks, remove the welded liquid-cooled plate from the worktable. If there are leaks, mark the location of the leaks and perform repair welding or other repair operations.

[0067] Preferably, during the welding process, the hollow profile pad 201 serves as the air-cooling pad for the liquid-cooled plate, and the heat generated during the welding process of the liquid-cooled plate is carried away by the flow of air in its cavity.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] Welding of an aluminum alloy liquid cooling plate substrate measuring 1500mm in length, 600mm in width, and 21mm in thickness, and a 4.5mm thick liquid cooling plate cover.

[0070] S1: The 4.5mm thick 6061 aluminum alloy liquid cooling plate cover plate 102 is precisely placed in the groove above the water channel 103 of the aluminum alloy liquid cooling plate substrate 101. The aluminum alloy liquid cooling plate substrate has dimensions of 1500mm×600mm×21mm.

[0071] Use wear-resistant steel pins 204 with a diameter of φ4mm to press and fix them along the edge of the liquid cooling plate cover 102 at intervals of 20mm.

[0072] S2: Transfer the pre-fixed assembly to the workbench and place it on the upper surface of the fixed hollow profile pad 201. The hollow profile pad is made of 6061 aluminum alloy, with a total height of 30mm, a single cavity width of 35mm, and a wall thickness of 4mm.

[0073] The liquid cooling plate cover 102 and the liquid cooling plate substrate 101 are fixed together on the hollow profile pad 201 to prevent the liquid cooling plate substrate 101 from moving during the welding process.

[0074] An axial fan is installed on the side of the hollow profile pad 201, facing the through cavity to enhance air cooling.

[0075] S3: Connect the pressure pump inlet 1061 to the liquid cooling plate substrate outlet 105 through the first pipeline 109;

[0076] The pressure pump outlet 1062 is connected to the liquid cooling plate substrate inlet 104 through the second pipeline 109, forming a closed loop system.

[0077] S4: Start the pressure pump 106, adjust the output pressure to 0.1Mpa (low pressure), and inject pure water coolant 108 into the water channel 103; at the same time, observe the leakage at the edge of the liquid cooling plate cover 102, and add a pin 204 to the leakage point to tighten it until there is no visible leakage.

[0078] S5: Select S内径 =5.7mm cooling shoulder 202 and T 外径 =5.5mm, needle length T 长度 =4.5mm stirring needle 203 assembly;

[0079] Set the spindle speed to 2000 rpm and the welding speed to 850 mm / min;

[0080] The program is started, and the cooling shoulder 202 and the stirring needle 203 weld the liquid cooling plate cover 102 onto the liquid cooling plate substrate 101 according to the set program. During the welding process, the coolant 108 keeps flowing inside the liquid cooling plate. The cooling shoulder 202 blows water mist into the upper cooling channel 2021 to reduce the temperature of the stirring needle 203. The hollow profile pad 201 removes the welding heat from the bottom of the liquid cooling plate through air circulation, reducing welding deformation.

[0081] After welding, the cooling shoulder 202 and stirring pin 203 are removed from the part. At the same time, the water pressure of the pressure pump 106 is adjusted to 1.5MPa (high pressure) and maintained for about 10-15 minutes. Check for water leakage at the weld. If there is no leakage, remove the welded liquid cooling plate from the workbench. If there is leakage, mark the location of the leakage and perform repair welding or other operations.

[0082] Example 2

[0083] The scheme in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that: a T2 copper alloy substrate with a length of 500mm, a width of 200mm, and a thickness of 15mm and a 3.5mm thick T2 copper alloy cover plate are used for welding; the inner diameter S of the cooling shoulder... 内径 The outer diameter of the stirring needle is 4.7 mm. 外径 It is 4.5mm; the inner diameter of the cooling shoulder and the needle length T of the stirring needle are shown here. 长度 The thickness is 3.5mm; the spindle speed is set to 1200rpm and the feed rate is 600mm / min.

[0084] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the above embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention and based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deformation control device for liquid-cooled plate friction stir welding, characterized in that: This includes friction stir welding tools, liquid cooling plate cover plates, liquid cooling plate substrates, liquid cooling circulation units, and hollow profile pads; The liquid-cooled plate substrate has water channels and a liquid-cooled plate substrate inlet and a liquid-cooled plate substrate outlet that connect to the water channels; the upper part of the liquid-cooled plate substrate has a groove that matches the liquid-cooled plate cover plate, the groove is located above the water channels of the liquid-cooled plate substrate, and the liquid-cooled plate cover plate is embedded in the groove of the liquid-cooled plate substrate and pressed and fixed. The friction stir welding tool includes a cooling shoulder and a stirring pin. The cooling shoulder has cooling channels inside for spraying cooling medium onto the stirring pin. The stirring pin is coaxially mounted inside the cooling shoulder. The friction stir welding tool is used to weld the liquid-cooled plate cover and the liquid-cooled plate substrate together along the joint. The liquid cooling circulation unit includes a pressure pump, coolant, and piping; The pipeline includes a first pipeline and a second pipeline. The first pipeline is connected to the pressure pump inlet and the liquid-cooled plate substrate outlet, respectively, and the second pipeline is connected to the pressure pump outlet and the liquid-cooled plate substrate inlet, respectively. The upper surface of the hollow profile pad is in contact with the bottom surface of the liquid cooling plate substrate, and the interior of the hollow profile pad has a through cavity for heat dissipation.

2. The deformation control device for liquid-cooled plate friction stir welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow profile pad has a hollow cross-section with a top and bottom wall thickness of 6–12 mm, a height of 12–24 mm, and a width of 20–40 mm.

3. The deformation control device for friction stir welding of liquid-cooled plates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device also includes a fan placed on one side of the hollow profile pad, directly facing the cavity, to enhance the air-cooling effect of the hollow profile pad.

4. The deformation control device for liquid-cooled plate friction stir welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure pump is equipped with a temperature measuring device at its inlet / outlet. When the temperature exceeds the set limit, the cooling system of the pressure pump is activated to cool the coolant in the pressure pump.

5. The deformation control device for liquid-cooled plate friction stir welding according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressure pump is also equipped with a purification device at its inlet / outlet. After the coolant flows back to the pressure pump, it is filtered by the purification device to remove impurities.

6. The deformation control device for friction stir welding of liquid-cooled plates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling medium is water mist or compressed air, and the coolant is pure water, fluorocarbon, or hydrocarbon.

7. The deformation control method for liquid-cooled plate friction stir welding according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: S1: Place the liquid cooling plate cover into the groove above the water channel of the corresponding liquid cooling plate substrate, and press the cover firmly onto the liquid cooling plate substrate. S2: Fix the liquid cooling plate cover and the liquid cooling plate substrate to the hollow profile pad; S3: Connect the pressure pump inlet to the liquid cooling plate substrate outlet through the first pipeline, and connect the pressure pump outlet to the liquid cooling plate substrate inlet through the second pipeline to form a coolant circulation loop. S4: Adjust the output pressure of the pressure pump and inject coolant into the liquid-cooled plate substrate through the pipeline, so that the coolant flows in the water channel between the liquid-cooled plate substrate and the liquid-cooled plate cover. S5: Select the appropriate cooling shoulder and stirring pin, and adjust the welding parameters to weld the liquid cooling plate cover and liquid cooling plate base plate along the joint.

8. The deformation control method for liquid-cooled plate friction stir welding according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S4, observe whether there is any water leakage at the edge of the liquid cooling plate cover. If so, use a pressing device to press down at the corresponding position to reduce coolant leakage.

9. The deformation control method for liquid-cooled plate friction stir welding according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S5, the inner diameter S of the cooling shoulder 内径 and the outer diameter T of the stirring needle 外径 The relationship is S 内径 ≈T 外径 +0.2mm; Stirring needle length T 长度 d, which is determined by the thickness of the liquid cooling plate cover 盖板 Decision, T 长度 ≈d 盖板 .

10. The deformation control method for liquid-cooled plate friction stir welding according to claim 7, characterized in that: After welding is completed, the stirring tool is removed from the part, the coolant pressure is adjusted, and the sealing of the welded liquid cooling plate is checked.

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