Earth surface matrix layered channel monitoring system and monitoring method

Abstract

The invention provides an earth surface matrix layered channel monitoring system and monitoring method. A to-be-monitored earth surface matrix comprises a plurality of stratums; comprising a plurality of monitoring holes; a plurality of monitoring devices, each of which is arranged in one monitoring hole and is used for monitoring the surface matrix parameters of the set stratum; the installation equipment is used for coring a preset earth surface matrix so as to determine the monitoring hole depth corresponding to each stratum; the mounting equipment is also used for inserting each monitoring equipment into the monitoring hole and backfilling a sample corresponding to coring into the corresponding monitoring hole in situ; the remote terminal unit is in communication connection with the communication module of each monitoring device, each communication module obtains the surface matrix parameters measured by the corresponding sensor module, and each communication module sends the surface matrix parameters and the identification information to the remote terminal unit; and the remote terminal unit completes monitoring of the surface matrix layered channel of each stratum according to the plurality of surface matrix parameters and the corresponding identification information.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of surface matrix monitoring technology, and in particular to a surface matrix stratification channel monitoring system and monitoring method. Background Technology

[0002] The Earth's surface matrix is ​​the basic material that nurtures and supports various natural resources such as soil, water, forests, grasslands, and wetlands. It directly controls the spatial distribution pattern of agricultural production and vegetation ecology on the Earth's surface. It is the space with the most frequent interactions among the Earth's multiple spheres and is also the material basis for the overall protection, systematic restoration, and comprehensive management of arable land and natural ecosystems.

[0003] Surface matrix monitoring data can fill gaps in research on the Earth's critical zones, promote the development of ecological geology, and has significant scientific value. Installing sensors in the shallow surface matrix to monitor parameters of various strata is an important environmental monitoring technology, primarily used to obtain data on moisture, temperature, salinity, pH, redox potential, and chemical composition. This method is widely applied in agricultural management, environmental protection, and other fields.

[0004] Traditional surface matrix monitoring focuses on the surface layer, i.e., soil monitoring, with a monitoring depth of 0-2m. Recent studies have shown that the surface matrix beneath the soil is also extremely important for the supply of water and nutrients to crops and vegetation such as forests, shrubs, and grasses, especially during periods of extreme drought, when this supporting role becomes even more critical.

[0005] Traditional soil monitoring requires manually digging pits and then inserting soil temperature, humidity, salinity, and pH sensors into the soil from the sidewalls. This method is highly destructive to the monitored strata, often affecting the timeliness and representativeness of the monitoring data. Furthermore, this method has limited monitoring depth, failing to meet the needs of surface substrate supporting agricultural production and ecological services. Therefore, there is an urgent need for multi-dimensional, high-precision, continuous online monitoring of medium-deep surface substrates below 2 meters.

[0006] For areas such as plains, basins, and valleys where the groundwater level is shallow and the surface matrix structure is of a single or double type, the surface matrix monitoring depth is relatively shallow (within 10m) and the number of layers to be monitored is relatively small. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a surface matrix monitoring technology that has complete monitoring indicators, simple construction process, and is economical and efficient. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This application provides a surface matrix stratification channel monitoring system and method, which aims to solve the problems of traditional soil monitoring, which requires manual digging of pits and then inserting soil temperature, humidity, salinity and pH sensors into the soil from the side wall. This method is highly destructive to the monitored strata, has high engineering costs, and limited monitoring depth, and cannot meet the needs of surface matrix to support agricultural production and serve ecological construction.

[0008] Firstly, this application provides a surface matrix stratification channel monitoring system, wherein the surface matrix to be monitored comprises multiple strata, each at a different depth; including: Multiple monitoring wells, with at least one of the monitoring wells in each formation; Multiple monitoring devices are provided, each of which is installed in one of the monitoring holes. Each monitoring device includes a sensor module and a communication module. The sensor module is located at the bottom of the monitoring hole and is used to monitor the surface matrix parameters of the stratum in which the monitoring device is installed. The communication module is communicatively connected to the sensor module and stores the identification information corresponding to the stratum in which the monitoring device is installed. The installation equipment is used to take core samples from a preset surface matrix, determine the groundwater level depth corresponding to the stratum based on the core sample, and determine the monitoring hole depth corresponding to each stratum based on the groundwater level depth; the installation equipment is also used to insert each monitoring device into the monitoring hole, and after the monitoring device is installed, the installation equipment backfills the core sample into the corresponding monitoring hole in situ. A remote terminal unit is provided, which is connected to the communication module of each of the monitoring devices. Each communication module acquires the surface matrix parameters measured by the corresponding sensor module and sends the surface matrix parameters and the identification information to the remote terminal unit. The remote terminal unit completes the monitoring of the surface matrix stratification channels of each stratum based on the multiple surface matrix parameters and the corresponding identification information.

[0009] Secondly, this application provides a method for monitoring surface matrix stratification channels, characterized in that it is applied to the surface matrix stratification channel monitoring system provided in any embodiment of this application; the method includes: The surface matrix type, groundwater level depth and amplitude are obtained to determine the surface matrix monitoring depth. Based on the surface matrix monitoring depth, a multi-functional installation pipe is used to form a monitoring hole in the stratum. According to the surface matrix type, a corresponding surface matrix sensor type is set, and each monitoring device is set in one monitoring hole according to the sensor type; Obtain the surface matrix parameters and identification information sent by the communication module of each monitoring device; The surface matrix stratification channel monitoring of each stratum is completed based on multiple surface matrix parameters and corresponding identification information; wherein, the surface matrix parameters include at least one or more of the following: water content, electrical conductivity, pH, redox potential, temperature, carbon dioxide value, methane value, oxygen value, groundwater level value, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium value, and soil organic matter value.

[0010] This application provides a surface matrix stratification channel monitoring system and method, which is designed for surface matrix containing multiple strata of different depths, with at least one monitoring well set in each stratum to achieve stratified monitoring of the medium and deep matrix.

[0011] Monitoring equipment is installed in each monitoring well, including a sensor module (located at the bottom of the well, monitoring parameters such as formation moisture, temperature, salinity, pH, and redox potential) and a communication module (storing formation identification information and transmitting monitoring data to a remote terminal). The sensor module directly acquires multi-dimensional parameters of the target formation, and the communication module binds to the formation identification, achieving precise correspondence between data and formation.

[0012] Using the installation equipment proposed in this application, core samples are first taken from the pre-designated surface matrix. The depth of the groundwater level in each layer is determined through sample analysis, which is then used to plan the depth of the monitoring boreholes. After the monitoring equipment is precisely inserted into the monitoring borehole, the core samples are backfilled in situ to minimize damage to the geological structure.

[0013] Finally, by integrating the communication modules of various monitoring devices, matrix parameters containing stratigraphic identifiers are received in real time. Through multi-source data integration, layered and continuous monitoring of strata at different depths is achieved, forming a multi-dimensional and high-precision matrix parameter database.

[0014] The system abandons the traditional method of manually digging pits and inserting sensors into the sidewalls. Instead, it uses in-situ backfilling after core sampling to preserve the original geological structure to the greatest extent possible, improving the representativeness and reliability of monitoring data. The installation equipment integrates core sampling, positioning, installation, and backfilling functions, simplifying construction processes, reducing labor and time costs, and avoiding the high costs associated with traditional methods. This enables cost-effective and efficient deployment of mass monitoring. The sensor module covers multiple parameters such as moisture, temperature, and salinity. The communication module works with remote terminals to achieve real-time online continuous monitoring, providing high-frequency, high-precision basic data support for research on critical zones of the Earth, the development of ecological geology, and the protection of farmland / ecosystems. By analyzing the groundwater level depth, the monitoring well depth is customized to suit single or double-layered surface matrices, ensuring comprehensive monitoring indicators and strong stratigraphic specificity, thus solving the problems of blind stratigraphic monitoring and limited indicator coverage in traditional methods.

[0015] In summary, this system, through its minimally invasive, layered, and intelligent design, overcomes the limitations of traditional surface matrix monitoring in terms of depth, destructiveness, and cost, providing a technical solution for long-term dynamic monitoring of surface matrix.

[0016] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of the surface matrix stratification channel monitoring system provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of a surface matrix stratification channel monitoring system provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first type of installation device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the steel pipe and sample preservation tube provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a second type of coring device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the monitoring device provided in one embodiment of the application; Figure 7 A bottom view of the second type of coring device provided in one embodiment of the application; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a third type of coring device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the steps of a surface matrix stratification channel monitoring method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic block diagram of the structure of a surface matrix stratification channel monitoring device provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic block diagram of the structure of a remote terminal unit provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0019] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] The flowchart shown in the attached diagram is for illustrative purposes only and does not necessarily include all content and operations / steps, nor does it necessarily have to be performed in the order described. For example, some operations / steps can be broken down, combined, or partially merged, so the actual execution order may change depending on the actual situation.

[0022] It should be understood that, in order to clearly describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used in the embodiments of the present invention to distinguish identical or similar items with essentially the same function and effect. Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity or execution order, and the terms "first" and "second" are not necessarily different.

[0023] It should be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the application. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0024] It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0025] The following detailed description of some embodiments of this application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0026] To resolve the above issues, please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 1-8 This application provides a surface matrix stratification channel monitoring system 100. The surface matrix to be monitored includes multiple strata, each with a different depth. The system includes: multiple monitoring wells, each stratum including at least one monitoring well; multiple monitoring devices 10, each monitoring device 10 being installed in a monitoring well. Each monitoring device 10 includes a sensor module 11 and a communication module 12. The sensor module 11 is located at the bottom of the monitoring well and is used to monitor the surface matrix parameters of the installed stratum. The communication module 12 is communicatively connected to the sensor module 11 and stores identification information corresponding to the stratum installed by the monitoring device 10 (such as...). Figure 1Wired or wireless communication can be used; this application does not limit the form of communication and allows for selection based on specific scenarios. Installation equipment 40 is used to core sample a preset surface matrix, determine the groundwater level depth corresponding to the stratum based on the core sample, and determine the monitoring hole depth corresponding to each stratum based on the groundwater level depth. The installation equipment is also used to insert each monitoring device into the monitoring hole, and after the monitoring device is installed, the installation equipment backfills the core sample into the corresponding monitoring hole in situ. Remote terminal unit 20... Unit 20 is connected to the communication module 12 of each monitoring device 10. Each communication module 12 acquires the surface matrix parameters measured by the corresponding sensor module 11. Each communication module sends the surface matrix parameters and identification information to the remote terminal unit 20. The remote terminal unit 20 completes the monitoring of the surface matrix stratification channels of each stratum based on multiple surface matrix parameters and corresponding identification information. Among them, the surface matrix parameters include at least one or more of the following: water content, electrical conductivity, pH, redox potential, temperature, carbon dioxide value, methane value, oxygen value, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium value, and soil organic matter value.

[0027] Specifically, this invention relates to a layered channel monitoring system for the 0-10m depth range of the surface matrix, aiming to solve the problems of insufficient depth (0-2m), high destructiveness, and single parameters in traditional soil monitoring. By constructing a multi-layer monitoring network, it realizes the collection and analysis of environmental data across the entire stratum, with multiple parameters and dynamic operation.

[0028] First, the surface matrix is ​​divided into multiple strata based on geological characteristics (such as...). Figure 1 Divided into strata 1-5, or as follows Figure 2 Monitoring wells F1-F9 are set up. The number and spacing of the strata and monitoring wells are set according to the actual situation (this application embodiment does not limit this). Each layer can correspond to different ecological functions.

[0029] Alternatively, ground-penetrating radar or resistivity imagers can be used to conduct preliminary exploration of the target area, identify stratigraphic interfaces (such as sand-clay transition layers and bedrock interfaces), and divide the area into several monitoring layers according to ecological functions. At the same time, the stratification strategy can be adjusted according to vegetation type (such as crops, forest land, and grassland), for example, setting 5-10m as the key water constraint monitoring layer in arid areas.

[0030] Vertical or inclined boreholes are drilled within each monitoring layer to form independent monitoring channels. The borehole walls can be reinforced with impermeable casings (such as PVC or stainless steel) to avoid cross-interference between different strata. The bottom of the monitoring borehole retains the original stratum interface, and the sensor module 11 is in direct contact with the stratum. A protective cover is installed at the borehole opening, with a built-in dustproof and waterproof structure, and equipped with a solar power supply module and a communication antenna.

[0031] Sensor module 11 can integrate a sensor array composed of various sensors, such as those for water content (e.g., TDR / FDR sensors), conductivity (e.g., electrode probes), pH (e.g., glass electrodes), redox potential (e.g., platinum electrodes), temperature (e.g., thermocouples), gases (e.g., CO2 infrared sensors, CH4 electrochemical sensors, O2 fluorescence probes), nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ion selective electrodes), and organic matter (e.g., near-infrared spectroscopy probes). This application does not limit the type or composition of the sensors. The sensor array is embedded in a corrosion-resistant probe rod, the bottom of which is equipped with a conical penetrating head. The probe is embedded into the target stratum through mechanical pressure or vibration, ensuring that the sensor is in close contact with the surface matrix.

[0032] The communication module 12 supports wireless transmission (LoRa, NB-IoT, 5G) or direct fiber optic connection. The transmission protocol is compatible with MQTT / CoAP. Data packets include stratigraphic identifiers (e.g., stratigraphic numbers 1-5), geographic coordinates (GPS / BeiDou positioning coordinates), timestamps, and raw sensor data. The communication module 12 can have a built-in microprocessor to perform data preprocessing (e.g., filtering, unit conversion, outlier removal), reducing cloud load. Kalman filtering can be used to eliminate noise interference from multiple sensors within the same stratigraphic layer. For example, coupling TDR moisture content data with temperature sensor output and using a dielectric constant-temperature compensation model can improve accuracy (error < ±2%).

[0033] The remote terminal unit 20 receives data uploaded by each monitoring device 10 and constructs a multi-dimensional database based on stratum depth, geographic coordinates, and time dimensions. It can generate three-dimensional distribution maps of water, salinity, and nutrients using interpolation algorithms such as Kriging. It can also predict the risks of drought, salinization, and nutrient loss based on machine learning (LSTM neural networks). Combined with a vegetation type database, it outputs quantitative indicators of the deep substrate's impact on root development and disaster buffering capacity. Furthermore, it can link with agricultural IoT platforms (such as smart irrigation systems and drone fertilization equipment) to achieve precise resource allocation.

[0034] Meanwhile, verification wells (with the same depth as the monitoring wells) can be excavated next to the monitoring wells to collect formation samples regularly and correct sensor data through laboratory analysis results (such as pH electrode acid-base buffer calibration).

[0035] The system also includes installation equipment that uses core samples taken from a pre-defined surface matrix to determine the depth of groundwater levels in each layer, thereby planning the depth of monitoring boreholes (solving the problem of blindness in traditional methods). After the monitoring equipment is precisely inserted into the monitoring borehole, the core samples are backfilled in situ, reducing damage to the geological structure (unlike the destructive operation of traditional manual digging).

[0036] Meanwhile, during equipment installation, supports can be erected outside the ground to ensure the stability of the installation process.

[0037] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and 4 As shown, the installation device 40 includes: a drive unit 41 and an execution unit 42, the execution unit being electrically connected to the drive unit; at least one section of steel pipe 43, one end of which is connected to the execution unit; a drill bit 44, the drill bit being connected to the other end of the steel pipe, the drive unit controlling the drill bit to corrode a preset surface matrix via the execution unit and the steel pipe; and a sample preservation tube 45, the sample preservation tube being disposed inside the steel pipe, during which the corresponding surface matrix sample is preserved in situ in the sample preservation tube during the coring process of the drill bit on the preset surface matrix.

[0038] The drive unit, as the power core, can be an electric motor or a hydraulic pump, electrically connected to the actuator unit via circuits or oil lines, providing the rotational power and propulsion force required for core extraction. The actuator receives control signals from the drive unit and converts them into mechanical actions (such as speed and propulsion speed adjustment), directly controlling the rotation and propulsion of the steel pipe.

[0039] The steel pipe has at least one hollow tubular structure, with one end fixedly connected to the actuator and the other end fitted with a drill bit. The internal hollow space is used to accommodate the sample preservation tube. The steel pipe serves both to transmit power (rotation / propulsion) and to protect the sample preservation tube.

[0040] The drill bit is detachably connected to the end of the steel pipe and is made of wear-resistant materials (such as tungsten carbide alloy). The front end of the drill bit is designed as a spiral or sawtooth shape to adapt to surface substrates of different hardness (such as clay, sand, and weathered rock layers). The borehole diameter matches the outer diameter of the sample preservation tube.

[0041] The sample preservation tube is a thin-walled hollow tube (material can be polyethylene or stainless steel) built inside the steel tube, and its length matches the steel tube. During core sampling, the columnar matrix sample cut by the drill bit enters the sample preservation tube directly and is completely sealed as the steel tube is raised, preventing the sample from coming into contact with external air / moisture.

[0042] The drive unit controls the rotation and downward advancement of the steel pipe via the execution unit. The drill bit cuts the surface matrix to form columnar channels, and the resulting continuous columnar samples are simultaneously fed into the sample preservation tube. During core sampling, the sample preservation tube moves synchronously with the steel pipe, ensuring that the samples are preserved intact in their original stratigraphic sequence (i.e., the bottom layer of samples is located at the bottom of the tube, and the upper layers are stacked sequentially), avoiding sample mixing or detachment as in traditional core sampling. After core sampling is completed, the entire steel pipe is lifted, and the sample preservation tube is removed along with the steel pipe, maintaining the in-situ stratigraphic sequence and physical state (moisture content and density remain unchanged).

[0043] The sample preservation tube is built into a steel pipe to form a closed core sampling space, which avoids structural damage caused by friction between the sample and the drill bit in traditional core sampling (such as compaction of clay samples and loss of sand particles). This ensures that the physical parameters of the core sample, such as water content and porosity, are consistent with those in situ, providing accurate raw data for subsequent groundwater depth analysis and stratigraphic division.

[0044] The rigid connection design between the steel pipe and the drill bit, combined with the stepless speed control of the drive unit, can adapt to different formation hardness (such as switching from loose sand to hard clay), reducing the frequency of drill changes in traditional manual coring and shortening the coring time per hole.

[0045] The borehole diameter is only slightly larger than the sample preservation tube. Compared with the traditional pit digging method, the lateral damage range to the strata is reduced. The surrounding matrix that is not disturbed during the coring process maintains its original stress state, providing a stable borehole environment for subsequent monitoring equipment installation and backfilling.

[0046] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3-7 As shown, when the installation device 40 inserts each monitoring device 10 into the monitoring hole, the steel pipe 43, sample preservation tube 45, and drill bit 44 are removed. The installation device also includes: a top shaft 46, which is connected to the execution unit; a guide rail 47, in which the top shaft is disposed; and a slot 48, which is disposed at one end of the guide rail, in which the monitoring device is fixed. The drive unit 41 controls the top shaft via the execution unit 42 to apply a preset thrust to the monitoring device to insert the monitoring device into the bottom of the monitoring hole. The thrust is determined according to the sample corresponding to the core taken from each monitoring hole.

[0047] The top shaft is rigidly connected to the actuator and is made of high-strength alloy, capable of withstanding axial thrust (its length is adjustable according to the depth of the monitoring hole). The guide rail is fixed directly above the monitoring hole and can be a linear slide rail. The top shaft can slide freely vertically within the guide rail, ensuring the linearity of thrust transmission and preventing the monitoring equipment from tilting. The slot is located at the bottom of the guide rail (close to the monitoring hole inlet). If an elastic snap-fit ​​structure is used, the upper shell of the monitoring equipment can be fixed to ensure that the axis of the equipment is aligned with the monitoring hole during insertion. The drive unit calculates the preset thrust based on the core sample parameters (such as matrix density and moisture content): for loose sand (e.g., density < 0.6), the thrust is set to 200~300N to prevent the equipment from sinking too quickly and damaging the sensor; for hard clay (e.g., density ≥ 0.8), the thrust is increased to 500~600N to ensure that the equipment penetrates the compacted layer and reaches the bottom of the hole.

[0048] After coring, the steel pipe, sample preservation tube, and drill bit are removed to expose a monitoring hole with a matching diameter. The monitoring device is then fixed in the slot, and the drive unit controls the top shaft to advance downwards via the actuator unit. The end of the top shaft presses against the top of the monitoring device, pushing it uniformly to the bottom of the hole along the guide rail. During the pushing process, the tilt sensor monitors the verticality of the device in real time. If the deviation is greater than 5°, the top shaft automatically adjusts the thrust direction (through the fine-tuning mechanism of the guide rail) to ensure that the device is vertically aligned with the formation at the bottom of the hole.

[0049] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 , 4 and Figure 8 As shown, when the installation device 40 backfills the sample corresponding to the core sample into the corresponding monitoring hole in situ, the drill bit 44 is removed; the installation device also includes: a shaking unit 49, which is fixed on the steel pipe 43, and the driving unit 41 controls the shaking unit through the execution unit 42 and the steel pipe to drive the sample storage tube to shake, so as to backfill the sample corresponding to the core sample into the corresponding monitoring hole in situ.

[0050] The vibration unit is fixed to the outside of the steel pipe (near the end) and can be an electromagnetic vibrator or an eccentric wheel motor. It is connected to the execution unit via wires and controlled by the drive unit. After core sampling is completed and the monitoring equipment is installed, the drill bit is removed first (keeping the steel pipe and sample preservation tube). The drive unit controls the vibration unit to vibrate at a high frequency (e.g., 30Hz), and the steel pipe vibrates synchronously, causing the core sample particles in the sample preservation tube to fall evenly into the monitoring hole. For layered backfilling scenarios (e.g., backfilling the bottom layer of sand first, then backfilling the top layer of clay), by controlling the vibration frequency and time, different particle sizes can be layered (low-frequency vibration for coarse particles, high-frequency vibration for fine particles).

[0051] The vibration parameters of the shaking unit are matched with the core sample particle size: 20~30Hz vibration is used for sand (particle size > 0.05mm) to ensure uniform porosity between particles; 40~50Hz vibration is used for clay (particle size < 0.005mm) to avoid clumping and blockage.

[0052] During the backfilling process, the backfill density inside the hole can be monitored by a pressure sensor (installed on the top of the monitoring equipment). When the density reaches 90% to 95% of the original soil, vibration should be stopped to avoid excessive compaction that could damage the permeability of the stratum.

[0053] By directly using core samples as backfill material, the interference of external fillers (such as sand and concrete) on the formation's chemical composition (such as salinity and pH) can be avoided, ensuring that the physicochemical properties of the matrix around the monitoring well are consistent with the original soil and improving the authenticity of the data.

[0054] By adjusting the frequency of the shaking unit, layered backfilling of different lithological layers can be achieved (such as maintaining high permeability of the bottom sand and restoring the water-impermeable performance of the upper clay), avoiding the problem of "mixing of upper and lower layers" in traditional manual backfilling, and maintaining the original hydrological structure of the strata (such as preventing groundwater from seeping across layers and affecting monitoring results).

[0055] Vibration backfilling reduces the error between the core sample particle density and the in-situ soil, significantly reducing the risk of later settlement or collapse of the monitoring well and extending the service life of the monitoring equipment. It eliminates the need to transport excavated soil or purchase backfill materials, reducing construction waste and transportation costs, aligning with green construction principles. Furthermore, it avoids repeated construction due to improper backfilling, lowering the overall cost per well.

[0056] In some embodiments, the system further includes multiple protective tubes 30, each of which is connected to the bottom of the monitoring hole; multiple hyperspectral modules 33, each of which is disposed at the bottom of the monitoring hole via a protective tube 30, and the hyperspectral modules 13 are communicatively connected to a remote terminal unit 20; wherein, the remote terminal unit 20 also receives hyperspectral information sent by each hyperspectral module 13, and is used to complete the monitoring of the surface matrix stratification channel of each stratum based on the hyperspectral information, identification information and surface matrix parameters corresponding to each monitoring device 10.

[0057] The protective casing 30 is made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel or carbon fiber composite material, and its length is consistent with the depth of the monitoring hole (e.g., 10m). The mounting hole for the protective casing 30 is pre-drilled at the bottom of the monitoring hole, and the protective casing 30 is vertically embedded into the formation by threaded connection or hydraulic thruster.

[0058] The hyperspectral module 13 includes a light source (halogen lamp or LED array), a spectrometer (wavelength range 400-2500nm, resolution ≤5nm), and an optical probe (fiber optic bundle or reflector). The probe performs non-contact scanning of the formation through the light-transmitting window of the protective tube 30. The hyperspectral module 13 illuminates the formation surface at an angle of approximately 30°, collects reflectance spectral data, and can scan at a frequency of once every 6 hours. The spectral data is transmitted to the borehole communication module 12 via a pre-installed optical fiber inside the protective tube 30.

[0059] The remote terminal unit 20 performs correlation analysis between hyperspectral data and sensor parameters (such as moisture content and conductivity). For example, it uses a partial least squares regression (PLSR) model to establish a quantitative relationship between spectral features (such as the 1450 nm moisture absorption peak) and sensor moisture content, thereby improving data accuracy.

[0060] The hyperspectral module 13 provides qualitative information on chemical composition and pollutant distribution, which, combined with the quantitative parameters of the sensor, enables comprehensive monitoring of the surface matrix. Optical scanning is performed through the light-transmitting window of the sheath 30, avoiding damage to the strata caused by repeated sampling, making it particularly suitable for fragile ecological areas (such as wetlands and permafrost). The sheath 30 extends the hyperspectral detection depth to 10m, breaking through the limitations of traditional near-surface spectral technology and revealing the spectral characteristics of the deep matrix.

[0061] In some embodiments, each sensor module 11 includes: a communication component, which is communicatively connected to the communication module 12; and a probe disposed below the communication component, which passes through the bottom of the monitoring hole and is used to measure the surface matrix parameters of the set stratum.

[0062] After the sensor module 11 is lowered to the bottom of the monitoring well, the probe penetrates vertically downwards into the native formation at the bottom of the well, forming a vertical parameter profile of the formation. During penetration, the probe can measure formation resistance in real time, and the resistance data is used to correct the sensor readings (e.g., contact potential compensation for pH electrodes in high-resistance formations). The probe-type sensor is easy to replace, thus reducing manual maintenance costs.

[0063] In some embodiments, the depth range corresponding to the multiple strata is 0-10 meters; and / or, the distance between each monitoring well ranges from 0.5 meters to 1.5 meters.

[0064] By employing a differentiated well placement strategy across different zones, the system ensures that well spacing matches vegetation root systems and hydrogeological conditions, thereby enhancing data representativeness (e.g., for microenvironmental monitoring of densely planted crops). Simultaneously, it supports the flexible expansion of the monitoring network, allowing newly added monitoring wells to be quickly integrated into the existing system.

[0065] In some embodiments, the system further includes: a power supply module, which is electrically connected to multiple monitoring devices 10 and communicatively connected to a remote terminal unit 20; wherein each communication module 12 is also used to send the power information of the sensor module 11 to the remote terminal unit 20, the remote terminal unit 20 is used to calculate the charging information of each power supply module and send it to the power supply module, and the power supply module completes charging of each monitoring device 10 according to the charging information.

[0066] The remote terminal unit 20 can predict power consumption through machine learning. Input parameters may include sensor sampling frequency, historical power consumption data of communication module 12, and weather forecast (sunlight intensity). Output instructions may include prioritizing solar charging on sunny days and switching to battery power and reducing the sampling frequency (e.g., from once per hour to once every 3 hours) on cloudy days. The charging voltage is automatically adjusted according to the battery health (SOH) (e.g., trickle charging is used when SOH < 80%). The power supply module has a built-in self-test circuit that monitors parameters such as battery internal resistance and solar panel output current. Abnormal data (e.g., a sudden increase of 50% in internal resistance) is immediately uploaded to the remote terminal and an alarm is triggered.

[0067] The hybrid power supply mode can maintain operation for more than 30 days in continuous rainy conditions, ensuring continuous monitoring during extreme weather. Dynamic adjustment of sampling frequency and power supply mode reduces overall energy consumption by more than 40%. Battery health prediction allows for advance replacement planning, avoiding data loss due to sudden power outages.

[0068] In some embodiments, the system further includes a multi-functional installation tube. Before the monitoring device 10 is installed in the stratum, the surface matrix is ​​cored and the multi-functional installation tube is installed to form a monitoring hole in the stratum. After the installation of the monitoring device 10 is completed, the multi-functional installation tube is removed.

[0069] Core samples (e.g., 20m deep) are drilled using an installation tube and retained for laboratory comparative analysis. The sensor module 11 is pushed to the bottom of the borehole via a robotic arm built into the guide tube, secured, and then the sensor probe is deployed. The installation tube is then extracted, leaving only the sensor device inside the borehole; the recovered installation tube can be reused. Furthermore, the head of the multi-functional installation tube is designed like a Luoyang shovel, allowing for hole formation with the drilling head; it can also be disassembled later to accommodate the sensor for installation.

[0070] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic flowchart of a surface matrix stratification channel monitoring method provided in one embodiment of this application. This surface matrix stratification channel monitoring method can be implemented by a remote terminal unit of the surface matrix stratification channel monitoring system provided in any embodiment of this application. The remote terminal unit can be deployed on a single server or a server cluster. It can also be deployed on a handheld terminal, laptop, wearable device, or robot, etc.

[0071] like Figure 4 As shown, the provided method for monitoring surface matrix stratification channels includes steps S101 to S104. Details are as follows: Step S101. Obtain the surface matrix type, groundwater level depth and amplitude, determine the surface matrix monitoring depth, and form a monitoring hole in the stratum using a multi-functional installation pipe according to the surface matrix monitoring depth.

[0072] Specifically, based on the surface matrix type (such as sand, clay, and rock strata) and groundwater level dynamic data (depth and seasonal variation), the vertical depth of the monitoring borehole is dynamically planned, and non-destructive drilling is completed using a multi-functional installation pipe.

[0073] Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) can be used to scan an area up to 50m below the surface to obtain a resistivity profile of the strata. This, combined with hydrogeological maps, determines the range of groundwater level fluctuations (e.g., 8m depth in the dry season, rising to 5m in the rainy season). According to the "General Principles of Surface Matrices Investigation," matrix types are identified: For sandy soils: high permeability, monitoring depth extends to 2m below the water level fluctuation (e.g., 10m for a water level fluctuation of 5-8m). For soils: low permeability, monitoring depth is primarily 0-10m, focusing on the capillary rise zone. For rocky soils: drilling depth penetrates the weathered layer to intact bedrock (e.g., 20m) to monitor fissure water transport.

[0074] Diamond drill bits are embedded in the outer wall of the mounting tube, and sensor brackets are pre-installed in the inner slide rail. Formation core samples are collected simultaneously during drilling. After sensor deployment, a hydraulic unlocking device separates the mounting tube from the equipment inside the borehole. A unique code is generated for each monitoring borehole (e.g., G01-clay-15m-2023), and this code is written into an RFID tag and fixed to the borehole opening protective cover. Core samples are used for laboratory calibration (e.g., comparing sensor data with measured porosity) to improve data reliability.

[0075] Step S102. Set the corresponding surface matrix sensor type according to the surface matrix type, and set each monitoring device in one monitoring hole according to the sensor type.

[0076] Specifically, based on the physicochemical properties of the surface matrix, a matching sensor type and parameter combination are selected to ensure the validity of the monitoring data. Modular monitoring equipment is implanted into monitoring holes according to the preset sensor type, ensuring close contact between the sensor and the stratum and establishing a stable communication link.

[0077] Taking different types of soil surface substrates as examples, different types of sensors are selected (the specific selection can be adjusted arbitrarily, and this application embodiment does not limit this).

[0078]

[0079] The sensor type is precisely matched with the matrix characteristics to avoid data distortion caused by unsuitable equipment (such as misuse of low-range permeameter in sandy soil areas).

[0080] Step S103. Obtain the surface matrix parameters and identification information sent by the communication module of each monitoring device.

[0081] Specifically, sensor data is received via a heterogeneous communication protocol, and precise monitoring is achieved by combining this data with the surface matrix parameters of each monitoring well. Simultaneously, multi-dimensional information spanning time, space, and depth can be integrated to construct a structured database. For example, if a sensor reads three consecutive times exceeding its historical fluctuation range (e.g., ±3σ), the data is marked as suspicious, triggering a field camera to capture the wellhead's condition.

[0082] Step S104. Based on the multiple surface matrix parameters and corresponding identification information, complete the surface matrix stratification channel monitoring for each of the strata; wherein, the surface matrix parameters include at least one or more of the following: water content, electrical conductivity, pH, redox potential, temperature, carbon dioxide value, methane value, oxygen value, groundwater level value, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium value, and soil organic matter value.

[0083] Specifically, by integrating multi-parameter data, machine learning and 3D modeling are used to generate a panoramic view of the geological conditions, outputting disaster warnings and resource management recommendations. For example, the Kriging algorithm is used to transform discrete point data into a 3D water content distribution cloud map at a depth of 0-20m (grid precision such as 0.5m×0.5m×0.1m). Simultaneously, LSTM models can be combined for drought prediction, such as using 5-10m deep water content, air temperature, and vegetation index as inputs to predict the drought level for the next 30 days (output: normal / mild / severe). Based on electrical conductivity, groundwater level, and evaporation data, improvement suggestions are output (e.g., a recommendation index of 0-100% for underground pipe drainage).

[0084] In some embodiments, the step of acquiring a surface matrix sample to be monitored, acquiring the physical properties of the surface matrix sample, determining the surface matrix parameter type corresponding to the surface matrix based on the physical properties, and setting each monitoring device in a monitoring well according to the sensor type corresponding to the surface matrix parameter type sensor module, includes: acquiring a surface matrix sample and the physical properties of each surface matrix sample for each monitoring well; determining the surface matrix parameter type corresponding to each monitoring well based on each physical property; determining the sensor type corresponding to each monitoring well based on each surface matrix parameter type; and setting the monitoring device in the corresponding monitoring well according to the sensor type corresponding to each monitoring well.

[0085] For the obtained surface matrix samples, the internal friction angle (e.g., φ=32° for sandy soil) and compression modulus (Es=5MPa for clay) can be obtained through direct shear tests. Heavy metal content can be determined by XRF spectroscopy analysis (e.g., triggering toxicity monitoring when As>20mg / kg).

[0086] If the sample porosity is >40% and the permeability coefficient is >1×10⁻⁶, then... -4If the density is cm / s (sand), then select "moisture content + infiltration rate" as the surface matrix parameter type. If the cation exchange capacity (CEC) > 25 cmol / kg (clay), then "oxidation-reduction potential + Ca2+" needs to be monitored. 2+ / Mg 2+ "Concentration" is used as a type of surface matrix parameter. Sensor selection is driven by physical property data, avoiding errors caused by human experience.

[0087] In some embodiments, the system further includes multiple protective tubes and multiple hyperspectral modules, each protective tube being connected to the bottom of the monitoring hole via the grouting bag; each hyperspectral module being disposed at the bottom of the monitoring hole via the protective tube, and the hyperspectral module being communicatively connected to the remote terminal unit; the step of monitoring the surface matrix stratification channels of each stratum based on multiple surface matrix parameters and corresponding identification information includes: acquiring hyperspectral information, identification information, and surface matrix parameters corresponding to each monitoring device; and completing the monitoring of the surface matrix stratification channels of each stratum based on the hyperspectral information, identification information, and surface matrix parameters corresponding to each monitoring device.

[0088] The spectral acquisition parameters are as follows: spectral range: 400-2500nm (VNIR-SWIR), resolution: 3nm, scanning interval: 5cm. The light source configuration uses alternating illumination of a 50W halogen lamp and an LED array (365nm UV) to eliminate shadow interference. Hyperspectral data can be uploaded via a pre-embedded optical fiber (10Gbps bandwidth) within the protective tube, forming a heterogeneous redundant channel with the wireless sensor network. Spectral data supplements traditional point measurements, upgrading the spatial resolution from a "point" to a "surface" (e.g., covering an area with a radius of 50cm around the aperture).

[0089] For example, after completing the monitoring of the surface matrix stratification channels of each stratum based on the hyperspectral information, identification information, and surface matrix parameters corresponding to each monitoring device, the method further includes: acquiring soil samples from each monitoring well during drilling; acquiring in-situ soil sample experimental information corresponding to each soil sample; acquiring hyperspectral in-situ monitoring information corresponding to each monitoring well based on the hyperspectral information; and completing continuous analysis of each monitoring well based on the in-situ soil sample experimental information and hyperspectral in-situ monitoring information corresponding to each monitoring well.

[0090] By comparing hyperspectral in-situ monitoring with in-situ soil sample experimental analysis, we can further deepen the research on the surface matrix and improve the monitoring accuracy of the stratified channel monitoring system.

[0091] It should be noted that those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the surface matrix stratification channel monitoring method and each step described above can be referred to the corresponding process in the surface matrix stratification channel monitoring system embodiments described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0092] Please see Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the surface matrix stratification channel monitoring device 200 provided in this application embodiment. The surface matrix stratification channel monitoring device 200 is used to perform the steps of the surface matrix stratification channel monitoring method shown in the above embodiments. The surface matrix stratification channel monitoring device 200 can be a single server or a server cluster, or it can be a terminal, such as a handheld terminal, a laptop computer, a wearable device, or a robot.

[0093] like Figure 5 As shown, the surface matrix stratification channel monitoring device 200 includes: The depth acquisition unit 201 is used to acquire the surface matrix type, groundwater level depth and amplitude, determine the surface matrix monitoring depth, and form a monitoring hole in the stratum using a multi-functional installation pipe according to the surface matrix monitoring depth. The type acquisition unit 202 is used to set the corresponding surface matrix sensor type according to the surface matrix type, and to set each of the monitoring devices in one of the monitoring holes according to the sensor type; The identification acquisition unit 203 is used to acquire the surface matrix parameters and identification information sent by the communication module of each monitoring device; The monitoring completion unit 204 is used to complete the monitoring of the surface matrix stratification channels of each stratum based on multiple surface matrix parameters and corresponding identification information; wherein, the surface matrix parameters include at least one or more of the following: water content, electrical conductivity, pH, redox potential, temperature, carbon dioxide value, methane value, oxygen value, groundwater level value, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium value, and soil organic matter value.

[0094] It should be noted that those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the surface matrix stratification channel monitoring device and its modules described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the surface matrix stratification channel monitoring system embodiments described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0095] The aforementioned method for monitoring surface matrix stratification channels can be implemented as a computer program, which can be used in, for example... Figure 5 It runs on the device shown.

[0096] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic block diagram of the structure of a remote terminal unit provided in an embodiment of this application. The remote terminal unit includes a processor, a memory, and a network interface connected via a device bus, wherein the memory may include a storage medium and internal memory.

[0097] The storage medium can store operating devices and computer programs. The computer program includes program instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform any surface matrix stratification channel monitoring method.

[0098] The processor provides computing and control capabilities to support the operation of the entire remote terminal unit.

[0099] The internal memory provides an environment for the execution of computer programs in non-volatile storage media. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it enables the processor to perform any method of monitoring the surface matrix stratification channels.

[0100] This network interface is used for network communication, such as sending assigned tasks. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 7 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the terminal to which the present application is applied. A specific remote terminal unit may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0101] It should be understood that the processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), but it can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. Among these, a general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0102] In one embodiment, the processor is configured to run a computer program stored in memory to perform the following steps: The surface matrix type, groundwater level depth and amplitude are obtained to determine the surface matrix monitoring depth. Based on the surface matrix monitoring depth, a multi-functional installation pipe is used to form a monitoring hole in the stratum. According to the surface matrix type, a corresponding surface matrix sensor type is set, and each monitoring device is set in one monitoring hole according to the sensor type; Obtain the surface matrix parameters and identification information sent by the communication module of each monitoring device; The surface matrix stratification channel monitoring of each stratum is completed based on multiple surface matrix parameters and corresponding identification information; wherein, the surface matrix parameters include at least one or more of the following: water content, electrical conductivity, pH, redox potential, temperature, carbon dioxide value, methane value, oxygen value, groundwater level value, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium value, and soil organic matter value.

[0103] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement the steps of the surface matrix stratification channel monitoring method described in the first aspect above.

[0104] The computer-readable storage medium may be an internal storage unit of the remote terminal unit as described in the foregoing embodiments, such as the hard disk or memory of the remote terminal unit. Alternatively, the computer-readable storage medium may be an external storage device of the remote terminal unit, such as a plug-in hard disk, smart media card (SMC), secure digital card (SD), flash card, etc., equipped on the remote terminal unit.

[0105] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A surface matrix stratification channel monitoring system, characterized in that, The surface matrix to be monitored comprises multiple strata, each at a different depth; including: Multiple monitoring wells, with at least one of the monitoring wells in each formation; Multiple monitoring devices are provided, each of which is installed in one of the monitoring holes. Each monitoring device includes a sensor module and a communication module. The sensor module is located at the bottom of the monitoring hole and is used to monitor the surface matrix parameters of the stratum in which the monitoring device is installed. The communication module is communicatively connected to the sensor module and stores the identification information corresponding to the stratum in which the monitoring device is installed. The installation equipment is used to take core samples from a preset surface matrix, determine the groundwater level depth corresponding to the stratum based on the core sample, and determine the monitoring hole depth corresponding to each stratum based on the groundwater level depth; the installation equipment is also used to insert each monitoring device into the monitoring hole, and after the monitoring device is installed, the installation equipment backfills the core sample into the corresponding monitoring hole in situ. A remote terminal unit is provided, which is connected to the communication module of each of the monitoring devices. Each communication module acquires the surface matrix parameters measured by the corresponding sensor module and sends the surface matrix parameters and the identification information to the remote terminal unit. The remote terminal unit completes the monitoring of the surface matrix stratification channels of each stratum based on the multiple surface matrix parameters and the corresponding identification information.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes: Multiple protective tubes, each of which is connected to the bottom of the monitoring hole; Multiple hyperspectral modules are provided, each hyperspectral module is disposed at the bottom of the monitoring hole via the protective tube, and the hyperspectral module is communicatively connected to the remote terminal unit; The remote terminal unit also receives hyperspectral information sent by each hyperspectral module, and uses it to monitor the surface matrix stratification channels of each stratum based on the hyperspectral information, identification information and surface matrix parameters corresponding to each monitoring device.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the sensor modules includes: A communication component, wherein the communication component is communicatively connected to the communication module; A probe, positioned below the communication component, passes through the bottom of the monitoring hole and is used to measure the surface matrix parameters of the selected stratum.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The depth range corresponding to the multiple strata is 0-20 meters; and / or, The distance between each monitoring hole ranges from 0.5 meters to 1.5 meters.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes: A power supply module is electrically connected to multiple monitoring devices and is communicatively connected to the remote terminal unit. Each of the communication modules is further configured to send the power information of the sensor module to the remote terminal unit. The remote terminal unit is configured to calculate the charging information of each power supply module and send it to the power supply module. The power supply module completes the charging of each monitoring device according to the charging information.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Before the monitoring equipment is installed in the stratum, the surface matrix is ​​cored and the multifunctional installation pipe is installed to form the monitoring hole in the stratum. After the in-situ backfilling is completed, the multifunctional installation pipe is removed.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The installation equipment includes: A drive unit and an execution unit, wherein the execution unit is electrically connected to the drive unit; At least one section of steel pipe, one end of which is connected to the execution unit; A drill bit, which is connected to the other end of the steel pipe, and the drive unit controls the drill bit to core sample the preset surface matrix via the execution unit and the steel pipe; A sample preservation tube is disposed inside the steel pipe. During the process of the drill bit taking a core sample from the preset surface matrix, the corresponding surface matrix sample is preserved in situ in the sample preservation tube.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, As the installation device inserts each of the monitoring devices into the monitoring hole, the steel pipe, sample preservation tube, and drill bit are removed; the installation device further includes: A top shaft, which is connected to the execution unit; The guide rail, wherein the top shaft is disposed within the guide rail; A slot is provided at one end of the guide rail, and the monitoring device is fixed in the slot; The drive unit controls the top shaft via the execution unit to apply a preset thrust to the monitoring device, so as to insert the monitoring device into the bottom of the monitoring hole; the thrust is determined according to the sample corresponding to the core taken from each monitoring hole.

9. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the installation device backfills the core sample corresponding to the corresponding monitoring hole in situ, the drill bit is removed; the installation device further includes: A shaking unit is fixed on the steel pipe. The driving unit controls the shaking unit through the execution unit and the steel pipe to drive the sample preservation tube to shake, so as to backfill the sample corresponding to the core extraction into the corresponding monitoring hole in situ.

10. A method for monitoring the stratified channels of the land surface matrix, characterized in that, The method is applied to the surface matrix stratification channel monitoring system according to any one of claims 1-9; the method includes: The surface matrix type, groundwater level depth and amplitude are obtained to determine the surface matrix monitoring depth. Based on the surface matrix monitoring depth, a multi-functional installation pipe is used to form a monitoring hole in the stratum. According to the surface matrix type, a corresponding surface matrix sensor type is set, and each monitoring device is set in one monitoring hole according to the sensor type; Obtain the surface matrix parameters and identification information sent by the communication module of each monitoring device; The monitoring of the surface matrix stratification channels of each stratum is completed based on multiple surface matrix parameters and corresponding identification information; wherein, the surface matrix parameters include at least one or more of the following: water content, electrical conductivity, pH, redox potential, temperature, carbon dioxide value, oxygen value, groundwater level value, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium value, and soil organic matter value.

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