Active fault zone tunnel dynamic phase change fault-tolerant structure system

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of fault resistance of cross-fault tunnels, in particular to a dynamic fault zone tunnel dynamic phase change fault resistance structure system. The structure system comprises: prefabricated pipe sections, a plurality of prefabricated pipe sections are arranged side by side; hydraulic supports, a plurality of hydraulic supports are uniformly arranged on the periphery of each prefabricated pipe section, one end of the hydraulic support is arranged on the prefabricated pipe section, and the other end is in contact with the surrounding rock of the expanded section; grouting holes, a plurality of grouting holes are arranged on each prefabricated pipe section; phase change materials, the phase change materials are injected into the space between the prefabricated pipe section and the surrounding rock of the expanded section through the grouting holes; the phase change materials comprise graded sand and gravel, clay minerals, a gelling agent and pore water; and exciters, a plurality of exciters are uniformly distributed on the inner side of the prefabricated pipe section, and the exciters are used for applying a harmonic load to the phase change materials, so that the phase change materials change into a low-shear-impedance fluid form. The structure system can significantly reduce the energy transmission efficiency of fault dislocation and avoid damage to the prefabricated pipe sections by fault dislocation energy as much as possible.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of fault-resistant tunnel anti-fault technology, and in particular to a dynamic phase change anti-fault structure system for tunnels in active fault zones. Background Technology

[0002] When tunnel engineering crosses active fault zones, the tunnel is extremely vulnerable to severe damage during fault displacement; therefore, effective anti-fault measures are required.

[0003] Existing anti-fault solutions often consider the following approaches: 1. Strengthening the tunnel's own support structure to enhance its anti-fault capacity; 2. Installing a buffer layer around the tunnel to absorb energy. However, these anti-fault measures have limited anti-fault capacity, cannot adapt to large-scale fault movements, and cannot meet the tunnel's waterproofing requirements.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need to provide an improved technical solution that addresses the shortcomings of the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a dynamic phase change anti-faulting structural system for tunnels in active fault zones, so as to solve or alleviate the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: This application provides a dynamic phase change anti-faulting structural system for tunnels in active fault zones, wherein the structural system is installed in the widened section of the tunnel through the surrounding rock of the fault zone; The structural system includes: Precast pipe sections, with multiple precast pipe sections arranged in parallel; Hydraulic supports: Multiple hydraulic supports are evenly arranged around each precast pipe section. One end of each hydraulic support is placed on the precast pipe section, and the other end is in contact with the surrounding rock of the excavated section. Grouting holes are provided on each precast pipe section; The phase change material is injected into the space between the precast pipe section and the surrounding rock of the excavated section through grouting holes; the phase change material includes graded sand and gravel, clay minerals, cementitious agent and pore water. Exciters, multiple exciters are evenly distributed on the inside of the prefabricated pipe section. The exciters are used to apply resonant loads to the phase change material, so that the phase change material becomes a low shear resistance fluid state.

[0007] In the above-mentioned active fault zone tunnel dynamic phase change anti-faulting structural system, preferably, in the phase change material, graded sand and gravel serve as the matrix skeleton, the mass proportion of clay minerals ranges from 3% to 5%, and the mass proportion of cementitious agent is 1% to 2%.

[0008] In the above-described dynamic phase change anti-faulting structural system for active fault zone tunnels, preferably, two adjacent precast pipe sections are connected by a hinge device. The hinge device includes at least a limiting member and a sealing component. The two ends of the limiting member are respectively connected to the two sides of the two adjacent precast pipe sections. The sealing component fills the annular gap between the two adjacent precast pipe sections and is arranged around the periphery of the limiting member.

[0009] In the above-described dynamic phase change anti-faulting structure system for active fault zone tunnels, preferably, the limiting member is made of shape memory alloy, and the surface of the limiting member is provided with an electric heating wire.

[0010] In the above-described dynamic phase change anti-faulting structural system for active fault zone tunnels, preferably, the sealing assembly includes a rubber ring and an elastic waterstop, wherein the elastic waterstop is located within the inner circumference of the rubber ring.

[0011] In the above-described dynamic phase change anti-fault structure system for tunnels in active fault zones, preferably, an elastic energy dissipation component is also provided between two adjacent prefabricated pipe sections, and the elastic energy dissipation component is located within the inner circumference of the limiting member.

[0012] In the above-described dynamic phase change anti-fault structure system for tunnels in active fault zones, preferably, the elastic energy dissipation component includes a corrugated steel pipe, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the two sides of two adjacent precast pipe sections; a spring is provided in the corrugated groove of the corrugated steel pipe.

[0013] In the above-described dynamic phase change anti-faulting structural system for tunnels in active fault zones, preferably, an ear hole is set in the tunnel on each side of the surrounding rock of the widened section, a borehole is drilled between the two ear holes, and anchor cables are installed in the borehole, with mechanical sensors installed on the anchor cables.

[0014] In the above-described dynamic phase change anti-faulting structural system for tunnels in active fault zones, preferably, multiple strain sensors are also installed in the surrounding rock of the excavation section.

[0015] In the above-described dynamic phase change anti-faulting structural system for tunnels in active fault zones, preferably, grouting is performed in the surrounding rock of the widened section to seal the cracks, and a transitional waterproof layer is sprayed onto the inner wall of the surrounding rock of the widened section.

[0016] Compared with the closest prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following beneficial effects: In this anti-fault structure system, when the active fault does not shift, the phase change material exhibits greater shear stiffness and bearing capacity. At this time, the phase change material, together with the hydraulic support, plays a stable supporting role for the precast pipe section, giving the tunnel structure good stability.

[0017] When the active fault shifts, the phase change material, under the action of the vibrator, transforms into a low-shear-resistance fluid state, forming a liquid-enclosed zone surrounding the precast pipe section. This liquid-enclosed zone converts the fault's kinetic energy into internal frictional heat of the liquid phase change material, serving as the first-stage energy dissipation structure. The elastic energy dissipation component acts as a second-stage energy dissipation structure, undergoing elastic deformation to absorb energy and reduce vibration as fault shift energy is transferred to the precast pipe section. This two-stage energy dissipation structure significantly reduces the energy transfer efficiency of the fault shift, minimizing damage to the precast pipe section from the fault shift energy.

[0018] Meanwhile, the hydraulic support is activated for pre-adaptive adjustment. Based on the predicted value of the active fault slip trend, the hydraulic support is driven to perform adaptive compensation displacement in order to minimize the impact of fault slip energy on the precast pipe section and avoid damage to the precast pipe section. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. Wherein: Figure 1 A front view of an anti-breakage structural system provided according to some embodiments of this application; Figure 2 A side view of an anti-breakage structural system provided according to some embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a hinged device between adjacent precast pipe sections according to some embodiments of this application.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Surrounding rock of the excavated section; 2. Phase change material; 3. Precast pipe section; 4. Hydraulic support; 5. Vibrator; 6. Grouting pipe; 7. Hinge device; 71. Rubber ring; 72. Elastic waterstop; 73. Limiting component; 74. Corrugated steel pipe; 75. Spring component; 8. Ear hole; 9. Anchor cable. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Various examples are provided by way of explanation and not by way of limitation. In fact, those skilled in the art will recognize that modifications and variations can be made to the present application without departing from the scope or spirit thereof. For example, a feature shown or described as part of one embodiment may be used in another embodiment to produce yet another embodiment. Therefore, it is desirable that the present application encompass such modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0022] In the following description, the terms "first / second / third" are used merely to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific order of objects. It is understood that "first / second / third" may be interchanged in a specific order or sequence where permitted, so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this disclosure only and is not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0024] In the description of this application, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," and "bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and do not require that this application be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting this application. The terms "connected," "linked," and "set up" used in this application should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections or detachable connections; direct connections or indirect connections through intermediate components; wired connections, radio connections, or wireless communication signal connections. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other.

[0026] According to specific embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1-3 As shown, this application provides a dynamic phase change anti-faulting structural system for tunnels in active fault zones. The structural system is installed in the enlarged section where the tunnel passes through the surrounding rock of the fault zone. In this embodiment, the tunnel is enlarged in the surrounding rock of the fault zone to form an enlarged section. The radial dimension of the enlarged section is larger than that of the ordinary section of the tunnel, so that the enlarged section has a larger space to accommodate the anti-faulting structural system. The radial dimension of the enlarged section is set according to the maximum predicted displacement of the fault zone, which also makes the structural system have sufficient deformable space to cope with the displacement deformation of the fault.

[0027] The structural system includes: Precast pipe section 3, multiple precast pipe sections 3 are arranged side by side; in this embodiment, the precast pipe section 3 is a precast concrete structure, and the precast pipe section 3 is a circular structure, the circular precast pipe section 3 itself has better structural strength; Hydraulic supports 4 are evenly arranged around each precast pipe section 3. One end of the hydraulic support 4 is set on the precast pipe section 3, and the other end is in contact with the surrounding rock 1 of the excavation section. In this embodiment, the hydraulic support 4 is a hydraulic rod structure with adjustable length. Eight hydraulic supports 4 are evenly distributed around the precast pipe section 3 to ensure that the precast pipe section 3 is better supported in the excavation section.

[0028] Grouting holes are provided on each precast pipe section 3.

[0029] Phase change material 2 is injected into the space between the precast pipe section 3 and the surrounding rock 1 of the excavated section through grouting holes. Phase change material 2 includes graded sand and gravel, clay minerals, cementing agent and pore water. In this embodiment, the graded sand and gravel can be graded fine sand, and the clay minerals are hydrous aluminosilicate minerals, such as kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite, etc. Under normal conditions, the clay minerals encapsulate the fine sand particles to form a semi-rigid dense structure, giving phase change material 2 a high load-bearing capacity under normal conditions. The cementing agent can be agar, gelatin, seaweed glue, carrageenan, etc. Through the dynamic response characteristics of the cementing agent, a controllable balance is established between the pore water pressure accumulation and particle stability in phase change material 2, which is beneficial to the effective control of the solid-liquid phase transition process of phase change material 2.

[0030] Exciters 5, multiple exciters 5 are evenly distributed inside the prefabricated pipe section 3. The exciters 5 are used to apply a resonant load to the phase change material 2, causing the phase change material 2 to become a low shear resistance fluid state. In this embodiment, the exciters 5 are piezoelectric exciters 5, and four piezoelectric exciters 5 are evenly distributed inside each prefabricated pipe section 3.

[0031] In this anti-fault structure system, when the active fault does not shift, the phase change material 2 exhibits greater shear stiffness and bearing capacity. At this time, the phase change material 2, together with the hydraulic support 4, provides stable support for the precast pipe section 3, giving the tunnel structure good stability.

[0032] When the active fault shifts, the exciter 5 is activated, and the exciter 5 inputs a high-frequency, low-amplitude vibration wave (i.e., a resonant load) into the phase change material 2, causing the pore water pressure of the phase change material 2 to exceed the threshold and trigger a liquefaction phase change. The phase change material 2 then transforms into a low-shear-resistance fluid state, forming a liquid-encased zone surrounding the precast pipe section 3. This liquid-encased zone can convert the fault kinetic energy into the internal frictional heat of the liquid phase change material 2, serving as the first-stage energy-dissipating structure, significantly reducing the energy transfer efficiency of the fault shift, and minimizing the risk of damage to the precast pipe section 3 by the fault shift energy.

[0033] At the same time, the hydraulic support 4 synchronously initiates pre-adaptive adjustment. Based on the predicted value of the active fault displacement trend, the hydraulic support 4 is driven to perform adaptive compensation displacement in order to minimize the impact of fault displacement energy on the precast pipe section 3 and avoid damage to the precast pipe section 3.

[0034] In phase change material 2, graded sand and gravel serve as the matrix framework, with clay minerals accounting for 3%-5% of the mass and cementing agent accounting for 1%-2% of the mass. In this embodiment, phase change material 2 is composed of a certain proportion of graded sand and gravel, clay minerals, cementing agent, and a predetermined proportion of pore water. Under normal conditions, this material exhibits a semi-rigid, dense structure with high load-bearing capacity; however, under resonant loads, its internal shear force decreases, transforming into a fluid state. This fluid state allows phase change material 2 to more effectively perform energy dissipation and vibration reduction functions, blocking the transmission of fault fault energy, thereby better protecting the precast pipe section 3.

[0035] Two adjacent prefabricated pipe sections 3 are connected by a hinge device 7. The hinge device 7 includes at least a limiting member 73 and a sealing assembly. The two ends of the limiting member 73 are respectively connected to the two sides of the two adjacent prefabricated pipe sections 3. The sealing assembly fills the annular gap between the two adjacent prefabricated pipe sections 3 and is arranged around the periphery of the limiting member 73. In this embodiment, by setting the limiting member 73 between the two adjacent prefabricated pipe sections 3, the connection strength between the two adjacent prefabricated pipe sections 3 is ensured, and the pipe section displacement exceeds the limit in extreme cases. The sealing assembly is set at the outermost periphery of the two prefabricated key annular gaps to prevent water from the periphery of the prefabricated pipe section 3 from entering the interior of the prefabricated pipe section 3, thus ensuring that the prefabricated pipe section 3 has good waterproof performance.

[0036] The limiting member 73 is made of shape memory alloy, and an electric heating wire is provided on the surface of the limiting member 73. In this embodiment, the limiting member 73 can be a wave-shaped structure to ensure that the limiting member 73 has a large deformation range and can fully absorb the fault displacement energy; the limiting member 73 made of shape memory alloy is connected to the side of two adjacent prefabricated pipe sections 3. When relative displacement occurs between adjacent prefabricated pipe sections 3, the limiting member 73 deforms to adapt to the relative displacement between adjacent prefabricated pipe sections 3; the deformation of the limiting member 73 also plays a role in energy dissipation and vibration reduction, which can minimize the damage to the prefabricated pipe sections 3 caused by fault displacement energy.

[0037] When the active fault displacement ends and it is necessary to restore the connection state of the precast pipe section 3, electricity is applied to the electric heating wire to increase the temperature near the limiting member 73, thereby accelerating the deformation of the shape memory alloy limiting member 73 towards restoring its original shape, so as to restore the state of the limiting member 73 as much as possible and ensure that the limiting member 73 has better connection strength; at the same time, the hydraulic support 4 is used for gradual adjustment to restore the connection state of the precast pipe section 3 and make the tunnel system return to the mechanical equilibrium configuration.

[0038] The sealing assembly includes a rubber ring 71 and an elastic waterstop 72, with the elastic waterstop 72 located within the inner circumference of the rubber ring 71. In this embodiment, multiple sets of rubber rings 71 and elastic waterstops 72 can be provided in the sealing assembly, with the rubber rings 71 and elastic waterstops 72 alternately arranged. Furthermore, the multiple sets of rubber rings 71 and elastic waterstops 72 in the sealing assembly can be pre-compressed and connected as a single unit, enabling the sealing assembly to not only have good sealing performance but also good elastic deformation capability. This allows the sealing assembly to better adapt to the relative displacement between adjacent prefabricated pipe sections 3 and consistently ensure that the prefabricated pipe section 3 has good waterproof performance.

[0039] An elastic energy-dissipating component is also provided between two adjacent precast pipe sections 3, and the elastic energy-dissipating component is located within the inner circumference of the limiting member 73. In this embodiment, the elastic energy-dissipating component can play the role of elastic deformation energy dissipation and shock absorption. As a second-level energy-dissipating structure, when the fault fault energy is transmitted to the precast pipe section 3, the elastic energy-dissipating component undergoes elastic deformation to play the role of energy dissipation and shock absorption, thereby preventing the precast pipe section 3 from being damaged by the fault fault energy.

[0040] The elastic energy-dissipating component includes a corrugated steel pipe 74, with both ends of the corrugated steel pipe 74 connected to the two sides of two adjacent prefabricated pipe sections 3, respectively. A spring element 75 is installed in the corrugated groove of the corrugated steel pipe 74. In this embodiment, the corrugated steel pipe 74 itself has a certain degree of elasticity, and the spring element 75, which can be a coil spring, disc spring, or other spring structure, is installed in the corrugated groove of the corrugated steel pipe 74 to increase the elasticity of the corrugated steel pipe 74, thereby giving the corrugated steel pipe 74 a greater elastic deformation capacity and enabling the elastic energy-dissipating component to have a greater energy-dissipating and vibration-damping capacity.

[0041] In this embodiment, a small hole 8 is set in each of the tunnels on both sides of the surrounding rock 1 of the widened section. A borehole is drilled between the two small holes 8, and an anchor cable 9 is installed in the borehole. A mechanical sensor is installed on the anchor cable 9. In this embodiment, when the active fault moves, the moving energy will directly act on the anchor cable 9. The mechanical sensor monitors the stress state of the anchor cable 9 in real time and analyzes the stress value of the anchor cable 9 in real time to obtain the fault movement data of the active fault.

[0042] Multiple strain gauge sensors are also installed in the surrounding rock of the excavated section 1. In this embodiment, the strain gauge sensors monitor the specific data of the fault displacement vector and shear strain rate of the surrounding rock 1 in the excavated section located in the active fault in real time, and transmit the monitoring data to the data processor in real time. At the same time, the monitoring data of the mechanical sensors are also transmitted to the data processor in real time. The data processor performs comprehensive processing on the data to obtain the initial fault displacement data of the active fault and predicts the fault displacement trend. The data processor transmits the processing results to the controller, which controls the hydraulic support 4 and the vibrator 5 to provide a better basis for the compensation movement of the hydraulic support 4 and the start-up time and frequency of the vibrator 5.

[0043] Grouting was performed in the surrounding rock 1 of the excavated section to seal the cracks, and a transitional waterproof layer was sprayed onto the inner wall of the surrounding rock 1 of the excavated section.

[0044] In this embodiment, ultrafine cement-water glass dual-liquid grout or chemical grouting material is used to seal the original fissures in the surrounding rock of the expanded section. The grouting pressure needs to be higher than the hydrostatic pressure (generally 2.5 to 3 times the hydrostatic pressure), and the grout diffusion radius is controlled within 2 to 3 meters. For small fissures, a layered grouting process from bottom to top is adopted, with the upper layer draining water during the lower layer grouting, gradually reducing seepage channels. Simultaneously, a transitional waterproof layer is sprayed onto the inner wall of the expanded section's surrounding rock. This transitional waterproof layer is composed of fine sand, clay, and fiber composite materials, utilizing capillary action to inhibit liquid phase loss. The permeability coefficient of the transitional layer is from 10... -4 m / s toward 10 -8 The m / s gradually changes, forming a hydraulic barrier; thus preventing a large amount of pore water from being lost from the phase change material 2.

[0045] In this embodiment, after the aforementioned sealing measures are taken in the surrounding rock 1 of the excavated section, the precast pipe section 3 is installed into the surrounding rock 1 of the excavated section; and a grouting pipe 6 is installed in the grouting hole of the precast pipe section 3. The grouting pipe 6 is connected to the grouting pump to inject the phase change material 2 between the precast pipe section 3 and the surrounding rock 1 of the excavated section. A valve is installed on the grouting pipe 6, which is closed after the phase change material 2 is injected.

[0046] When the mechanical and strain sensors detect the initiation of fault movement, the vibrator 5 is activated promptly to liquefy the phase change material 2, allowing it to better perform its energy-dissipating and vibration-damping functions. Simultaneously, the valve on the grouting pipe 6 is opened, and pore water is injected into the phase change material 2 via the grouting pump to accelerate its liquefaction process. Furthermore, based on the predicted fault movement trend, the hydraulic support 4 is adjusted promptly to provide adaptive compensation displacement, preventing damage to the precast pipe section 3.

[0047] After the active fault displacement ends, the vibrator 5 is turned off, and the electric heating wire on the limiting component 73 is turned on to deform in the direction of restoring its original shape. At the same time, the hydraulic support 4 is used for gradual adjustment to restore the connection state of the precast pipe section 3, so that the tunnel system returns to the mechanical equilibrium configuration.

[0048] After the tunnel is restored to its equilibrium configuration, a filter screen can be installed on the grouting pipe 6, and the grouting pipe 6 can be connected to a water pump to extract excess water from the phase change material 2, so that the moisture content in the phase change material 2 is controlled within a reasonable range. After the water pumping is completed, a gelling agent can be injected into the phase change material 2 through the grouting pipe 6 to accelerate the transformation of the fluid phase change material 2 into a solid state, so that the phase change material 2 can solidify and better perform its load-bearing function, thereby ensuring the stability of the tunnel system.

[0049] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A dynamic phase transformation anti-faulting structural system for tunnels in active fault zones, characterized in that, The structural system is installed in the enlarged section of the tunnel through the surrounding rock of the fault zone; The structural system includes: Precast pipe sections, with multiple precast pipe sections arranged in parallel; Hydraulic supports: Multiple hydraulic supports are evenly arranged around each precast pipe section. One end of each hydraulic support is placed on the precast pipe section, and the other end is in contact with the surrounding rock of the excavated section. Grouting holes are provided on each precast pipe section; The phase change material is injected into the space between the precast pipe section and the surrounding rock of the excavated section through grouting holes; the phase change material includes graded sand and gravel, clay minerals, cementitious agent and pore water. Exciters, multiple exciters are evenly distributed on the inside of the prefabricated pipe section. The exciters are used to apply resonant loads to the phase change material, so that the phase change material becomes a low shear resistance fluid state. Two adjacent precast pipe sections are connected by a hinge device, which includes at least a limiting member and a sealing component. The two ends of the limiting member are respectively connected to the two sides of the two adjacent precast pipe sections, and the sealing component fills the annular gap between the two adjacent precast pipe sections and is arranged around the periphery of the limiting member. The limiting component is made of shape memory alloy, and an electric heating wire is provided on the surface of the limiting component.

2. The dynamic phase transformation anti-faulting structural system for tunnels in active fault zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, In phase change materials, graded sand and gravel serve as the matrix framework, with clay minerals accounting for 3%-5% of the mass and cementitious agents accounting for 1%-2% of the mass.

3. The dynamic phase transformation anti-faulting structural system for tunnels in active fault zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing assembly includes a rubber ring and an elastic waterstop, the elastic waterstop being located within the inner circumference of the rubber ring.

4. The dynamic phase transformation anti-faulting structural system for tunnels in active fault zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, An elastic energy-dissipating component is also provided between two adjacent prefabricated pipe sections, and the elastic energy-dissipating component is located inside the limiting member.

5. The dynamic phase transformation anti-faulting structural system for tunnels in active fault zones according to claim 4, characterized in that, The elastic energy-dissipating component includes a corrugated steel pipe, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the two sides of two adjacent prefabricated pipe sections; a spring is provided in the corrugated groove of the corrugated steel pipe.

6. The dynamic phase transformation anti-faulting structural system for tunnels in active fault zones according to claim 5, characterized in that, A side hole is set in the tunnel on both sides of the surrounding rock of the widened section, and a borehole is drilled between the two side holes. Anchor cables are laid in the borehole, and mechanical sensors are installed on the anchor cables.

7. The dynamic phase transformation anti-faulting structural system for tunnels in active fault zones according to claim 6, characterized in that, Multiple strain sensors are also installed in the surrounding rock of the excavated section.

8. The dynamic phase transformation anti-faulting structural system for tunnels in active fault zones according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Grouting is performed in the surrounding rock of the excavated section to seal the cracks, and a transitional waterproof layer is sprayed onto the inner wall of the surrounding rock of the excavated section.

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