Energy-saving crushing device for building material processing

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of building material crushing, and in particular to an energy-saving crushing device for building material processing, comprising: a crushing mechanism, which includes a machine base, a motor mounted on the machine base, a discharge port located at the center of the machine base, a storage shell mounted on the machine base, the inner wall of the storage shell being inclined, a protective shell connected to the top of the storage shell, a crushing roller rotatably connected to the inner wall of the storage shell, one end of the crushing roller extending to the outside of the storage shell and connected to the motor; a downward pressure energy-saving mechanism, including a triangular groove, a sliding groove, and a downward pressure part on the inner wall of the protective shell, the downward pressure part being provided with a limiting part; and an ash removal mechanism, including a second chamber, an air inlet, and an air outlet on the downward pressure part, a driving part mounted on the downward pressure part, a sliding part mounted on the driving part, and an air extraction part located inside the air outlet. Through the arrangement of the crushing mechanism, the downward pressure energy-saving mechanism, the ash removal mechanism, and the lifting mechanism, the crushing efficiency is improved, the working time of the motor is saved, and the energy consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building material crushing, and in particular to an energy-saving crushing device for building material processing. Background Technology

[0002] Building materials refer to various building materials generated during construction, decoration, demolition, etc., including slag, waste mortar, concrete blocks, waste plastics, waste metals, waste bamboo and wood, etc. These wastes are generated during the construction process and will cause environmental pollution and occupy a lot of land if they are not properly handled. One way to handle building materials is to use a crusher to crush them, relying on the two rollers on the crusher to crush the building materials.

[0003] In the existing technology, when crushing building materials using a crusher, due to the different shapes of the building materials, the building materials are prone to continuously tumbling and not being crushed when the rollers are rolling. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problem in the above or existing technology that when using a crusher to process building materials, the building materials are prone to continuous tumbling and not being crushed when the rollers are rolling, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide an energy-saving crushing device for processing building materials.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an energy-saving crushing device for processing building materials, comprising: a crushing mechanism, which includes a machine base, a motor mounted on the machine base, a discharge port located at the center of the machine base, a storage shell mounted on the machine base, the inner wall of the storage shell being inclined, a protective shell connected to the top of the storage shell, a crushing roller rotatably connected to the inner wall of the storage shell, one end of the crushing roller extending to the outside of the storage shell and connected to the motor; a downward pressing energy-saving mechanism, including a triangular groove, a sliding groove, and a downward pressing part on the inner wall of the protective shell, the downward pressing part being provided with a limiting part; a dust removal mechanism, including a second chamber, an air inlet, and an air outlet on the downward pressing part, a driving part on the downward pressing part, a sliding part on the driving part, and an air extraction part inside the air outlet; and a lifting mechanism, including an engaging part on the air extraction part, a first locking part on the engaging part, a buffer part on the limiting part, and a second locking part on the air extraction part.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the energy-saving crushing device for building material processing of the present invention, the pressing part includes a sliding rod fixedly installed on the inner wall of the protective shell, and a pressing plate is provided on the side wall of the sliding rod. The end face size of the bottom of the pressing plate is adapted to the cross-sectional size of the top of the protective shell.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the energy-saving crushing device for building material processing of the present invention, the limiting part includes a chamber on the lower pressure plate. The chamber is provided with a fixed plate and a rod. One end of the rod is adapted to the triangular groove, and the other end of the rod passes through the fixed plate. A slider is provided on the side wall of the rod, and a spring is provided between the slider and the fixed plate.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the energy-saving crushing device for building material processing of the present invention, the driving unit includes a top plate at the top of the slide rod, a second motor is provided at the top of the top plate, a first gear is connected to the output end of the second motor, and a second gear is provided at the center of the top of the top plate, the second gear meshing with the first gear.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the energy-saving crushing device for building material processing of the present invention, the sliding part includes a spherical annular groove on the second gear, and a rolling ball is provided inside the spherical annular groove.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the energy-saving crushing device for building material processing of the present invention, the air extraction unit includes a sleeve inside the air outlet, an air outlet hole and a limiting ring are provided on the side wall of the sleeve, a threaded tube is provided inside the sleeve, the top of the threaded tube penetrates the top plate, and the gear is fixedly sleeved on the side wall of the threaded sleeve, a spiral blade is provided on the inner wall of the threaded tube, and an exhaust pipe is rotatably connected to the top of the threaded tube.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the energy-saving crushing device for building material processing of the present invention, the meshing part includes a through-hole on the side wall of the sleeve, a fixing block is provided on the side wall of the sleeve, a groove is provided on the fixing block, a meshing block is provided inside the groove, and an inclined surface and a threaded surface are provided on the meshing block.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the energy-saving crushing device for building material processing of the present invention, the first locking part includes a locking block inside the groove, a vertical rod is provided on the locking block, a pull block is provided at the top of the vertical rod, and the bottom end of the vertical rod passes through the fixing block and extends into the interior of the first chamber.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the energy-saving crushing device for building material processing of the present invention, the buffer part includes a short tube at the other end of the insertion rod, and the inside of the short tube is provided with a spring and a follower rod.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the energy-saving crushing device for building material processing of the present invention, the second locking part includes a locking hole one on the follower rod, an arc-shaped block fixedly provided on the side wall of the follower rod, a locking hole two provided on the insertion rod, and an L-shaped rod installed on the side wall of the vertical rod.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the energy-saving crushing device for building material processing of the present invention are as follows: By setting up a crushing mechanism, a downward energy-saving mechanism, an ash removal mechanism, and an upward mechanism, during the crushing of construction waste, the construction waste inside the protective shell can be squeezed under the action of gravity. After a certain amount of building material is crushed, as the total amount of building material decreases, the lower pressure plate presses down a certain distance, so that the construction waste can better contact the crushing roller. It can squeeze building materials of different shapes, avoid the continuous rolling of construction waste, and achieve higher crushing efficiency. While squeezing the construction waste, the lower pressure plate can also prevent the construction fragments generated during the crushing process from popping out, and can also collect the dust generated during the crushing process. When the lower pressure plate is pressed down to the bottom of the protective shell, it can be driven to detach from the inside of the protective shell, making it convenient for workers to continue adding building materials for crushing. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an energy-saving crushing device for processing building materials.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the protective shell in an energy-saving crushing device for building material processing.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of chamber one in an energy-saving crushing device for building material processing.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a short pipe in an energy-saving crushing device for building material processing.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a fixed block in an energy-saving crushing device for building material processing.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting mechanism in an energy-saving crushing device for building material processing.

[0024] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the interior of chamber two in an energy-saving crushing device for building material processing.

[0025] In the diagram: 10. Machine base; 11. Motor 1; 12. Discharge port; 13. Storage shell; 14. Protective shell; 15. Crushing roller;

[0026] 21. Triangular groove; 22. Slide groove; 22. Pressing part; 221. Slide rod; 222. Pressing plate; 23. Limiting part; 231. Chamber 1; 232. Fixing plate; 233. Insert rod; 234. Slider; 235. Spring 1;

[0027] 30. Chamber Two; 31. Air Inlet; 32. Air Outlet; 33. Drive Unit; 331. Top Plate; 332. Motor Two; 333. Gear One; 334. Gear Two; 34. Sliding Unit; 341. Spherical Annular Groove; 342. Rolling Ball; 35. Air Extraction Unit; 351. Sleeve; 352. Air Outlet; 353. Limiting Ring; 354. Threaded Pipe; 355. Spiral Blade; 356. Exhaust Pipe;

[0028] 40. Engaging part; 401. Through-hole; 402. Fixing block; 403. Groove; 404. Engaging block; 405. Inclined surface; 406. Threaded surface; 41. First locking part; 411. Locking block; 412. Vertical rod; 413. Pulling block; 42. Buffer part; 421. Short tube; 422. Spring II; 423. Follower rod; 43. Second locking part; 431. Locking hole I; 432. Arc-shaped block; 433. Locking hole II; 434. L-shaped rod. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Reference Figures 1 to 7 This technical solution provides a crushing mechanism, a downward energy-saving mechanism, a dust removal mechanism, and a lifting mechanism for an energy-saving crushing device for building material processing. It can prevent the material from flying around during crushing, and can continuously compress the building material under the action of gravity, avoiding the situation where the building material is not crushed, increasing crushing efficiency, reducing the working time of the crushing roller 15, and removing the dust generated and raised by the crushing of building materials, thus achieving the purpose of energy saving and environmental protection.

[0031] Furthermore, the crushing mechanism can crush building materials. It includes a machine base 10, on which two motors 11 are installed. A discharge port 12 is located in the middle of the machine base 10, with the two motors 11 located on both sides of the discharge port 12. A storage shell 13 is installed on the machine base 10. The inner wall of the storage shell 13 is inclined, and a protective shell 14 is connected to the top of the storage shell 13. Crushing rollers 15 are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the storage shell 13. One end of the crushing roller 15 extends to the outside of the storage shell 13 and is connected to the motor 11. There are two crushing rollers 15, and each of the two crushing rollers 15 is connected to one motor 11. The two motors 11 simultaneously drive one crushing roller 15, making the crushing force of the crushing rollers 15 stronger and the crushing efficiency higher.

[0032] When in use, the staff simply put the building materials into the protective shell 14, start the motor 11, and the crushing roller 15 crushes the building materials. The crushed building materials fall onto the trolley through the discharge port 12 and are then transported away by the trolley.

[0033] Furthermore, the downward pressure energy-saving mechanism includes a triangular groove 20, a sliding groove 21, and a downward pressure part 22 on the inner wall of the protective shell 14. There are multiple triangular grooves 20, which are evenly distributed from top to bottom. The triangular grooves 20 and the sliding groove 21 are interconnected, and the triangular grooves 20 are right-angled triangles. The inclined surface 405 of the triangular groove 20 at the bottom of the protective shell 14 is connected to the inner wall of the protective shell 14. A limiting part 23 is provided on the downward pressure part 22.

[0034] Furthermore, the pressing part 22 includes four slide rods 221 fixedly installed on the inner wall of the protective shell 14. The four slide rods 221 are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the protective shell 14. A pressing plate 222 is provided on the side wall of the slide rod 221. The end face size of the bottom of the pressing plate 222 is adapted to the cross-sectional size of the top of the protective shell 14.

[0035] When in use, under the action of gravity, the lower pressure plate 222 can slide down along the side wall of the slide bar 221, gradually squeezing the building materials inside the protective shell 14, accelerating the crushing efficiency of the crushing roller 15 on the building materials, and at the same time preventing the building materials from flying around during the crushing process, thus avoiding injury to the workers.

[0036] Furthermore, the limiting part 23 includes a chamber 231 on the lower pressure plate 222. The chamber 231 is adjacent to the slide groove 21. There are two chambers 231. The interior of the chamber 231 is provided with a fixing plate 232 and a rod 233. One end of the rod 233 is adapted to the triangular groove 20, and the other end of the rod 233 passes through the fixing plate 232. A slider 234 is provided on the side wall of the rod 233, and a spring 235 is provided between the slider 234 and the fixing plate 232.

[0037] During use, as the lower pressure plate 222 gradually descends, the inclined surface 405 on the triangular groove 20 squeezes the insert rod 233, causing the insert rod 233 to retract into the cavity 231. The insert rod 233 drives the slider 234 to move, and the slider 234 drives the spring 235 to contract. When it descends into the next triangular groove 20, the spring 235 recovers and drives the slider 234 to move in the opposite direction. The slider 234 drives the insert rod 233 to insert into the triangular groove 20. As the lower pressure plate 222 gradually descends, it squeezes the building material inside the protective shell 14. When the building material is being crushed, once the crushing roller 15 pushes the building material upward during the crushing process, due to the restriction of the triangular groove 20 and the insert rod 233, the lower pressure plate 222 cannot be squeezed upward by the building material, further driving the building material to contact the crushing roller 15, making the crushing roller 15 more efficient.

[0038] Furthermore, the dust removal mechanism can uniformly treat the dust generated during the crushing of building materials. This includes a second chamber 30, an air inlet 31, and an air outlet 32 ​​on the pressing section 22. The second chamber 30, air inlet 31, and air outlet 32 ​​are all located on the pressing plate 222. The second chamber 30 communicates with both the air inlet 31 and the air outlet 32. A driving section 33 is provided on the pressing section 22, and a sliding section 34 is provided on the driving section 33. An air extraction section 35 is located inside the air outlet 32.

[0039] During use, the gas inside the protective shell 14 can enter the interior of the second chamber 30 through the air inlet 31 and finally be discharged through the air outlet 32.

[0040] Furthermore, the drive unit 33 includes a top plate 331 at the top of the slide bar 221. A second motor 332 is provided on the top of the top plate 331. A first gear 333 is connected to the output end of the second motor 332. A second gear 334 is provided at the center of the top of the top plate 331. The second gear 334 meshes with the first gear 333.

[0041] Furthermore, the sliding part 34 includes a spherical annular groove 341 on the gear 2 334. The spherical annular groove 341 is provided with a ball 342 inside. The ball 342 is located on the top of the top plate 331. There are multiple balls 342, and the multiple balls 342 are evenly distributed inside the spherical annular groove 341, making the gear 2 334 similar to a bearing.

[0042] When in use, when motor 2 332 starts, motor 2 332 drives gear 1 333 to rotate, and gear 1 333 drives gear 2 334 to rotate.

[0043] Furthermore, the air extraction section 35 includes a sleeve 351 inside the air outlet 32. The side wall of the sleeve 351 is provided with an air outlet 352 and a limiting ring 353. There are multiple air outlets 352, which are evenly distributed on the side wall of the sleeve 351. The air outlets 352 are located at the bottom of the sleeve 351 and are interconnected with the second chamber 30. There are two limiting rings 353, which are located above and below the air outlets 352, respectively. The limiting rings 353 prevent the sleeve 351 from separating from the lower pressure plate 222. The inside of the sleeve 351 is provided with a threaded tube 354. The top of the threaded tube 354 penetrates the top plate 331, and the second gear 334 is fixedly sleeved on the side wall of the threaded tube. The inner wall of the threaded tube 354 is provided with a spiral blade 355, and the top of the threaded tube 354 is rotatably connected to an exhaust pipe 356.

[0044] Specifically, the threaded tube 354 is not threadedly connected to the sleeve 351, but the threaded tube 354 and the sleeve 351 are in contact. There is a certain damping between the threaded tube 354 and the sleeve 351, so that when the threaded tube 354 rotates, it can drive the sleeve 351 to rotate.

[0045] When in use, when gear 2 334 rotates, gear 2 334 can drive the threaded block to rotate. When the threaded tube 354 rotates, it can drive the spiral blade 355 inside the threaded tube 354 to rotate, thereby extracting the gas containing dust from the second chamber 30. The gas extraction sleeve 351 enters the inside of the threaded tube 354, and finally the gas is discharged through the exhaust block.

[0046] Furthermore, the lifting mechanism allows the lower pressure plate 222 to rise when it descends to the bottom, with the threaded pipe 354 driving the lower pressure plate 222 to rise, facilitating the subsequent placement of new building materials into the protective shell 14 for crushing. This includes an engagement part 40 on the air extraction part 35, a first locking part 41 on the engagement part 40, a buffer part 42 on the limiting part 23, and a second locking part 43 on the air extraction part 35.

[0047] Furthermore, the engagement part 40 includes a through-hole 401 on the side wall of the sleeve 351, through-hole 401 laterally penetrating the sleeve 351, the through-hole 401 being adjacent to the top of the sleeve 351, a fixing block 402 being provided on the side wall of the sleeve 351, the fixing block 402 being located at the through-hole 401, a groove 403 being provided on the fixing block 402, the groove 403 communicating with the through-hole 401, an engagement block 404 being provided inside the groove 403, the engagement block 404 being provided with a slope 405 and a threaded surface 406, the slope 405 being located on the side away from the threaded tube 354, and the threaded surface 406 being adjacent to the threaded tube 354.

[0048] Specifically, the engagement block 404 can drive the threaded surface 406 to contact the outer wall of the threaded tube 354.

[0049] Furthermore, the first locking part 41 includes a locking block 411 inside the groove 403. One side of the locking block 411 contacts the inclined surface 405. A vertical rod 412 is provided on the locking block 411. A pull block 413 is provided at the top of the vertical rod 412. The pull block 413 is located above the fixing block 402. The bottom end of the vertical rod 412 passes through the fixing block 402 and extends into the interior of the chamber 231.

[0050] When in use, when the vertical rod 412 drives the locking block 411 to descend, the locking block 411 can press the inclined surface 405, causing the locking block 411 to move towards the threaded tube 354. When the bottom of the locking block 411 contacts the bottom surface inside the groove 403, the threaded surface 406 on the engaging block 404 contacts the outer wall of the threaded tube 354.

[0051] Furthermore, the buffer section 42 includes a short tube 421 at the other end of the insertion rod 233. The short tube 421 is equipped with a second spring 422 and a follower rod 423. One end of the second spring 422 is connected to the inner wall of the short tube 421, and the other end of the second spring 422 is connected to the follower rod 423.

[0052] When in use, when the insertion rod 233 is retracted into the cavity 231, the insertion rod 233 can drive the short tube 421 to move together. The short tube 421 drives the spring 422 to move. The spring 422 drives the follower rod 423 to move towards the sleeve 351. The follower rod 423 and the air outlet 352 are at the same horizontal height. The follower rod 423 can be inserted into the air outlet 352.

[0053] Furthermore, the second locking part 43 includes a locking hole 431 on the follower rod 423. The size of the locking hole 431 is adapted to the end size of the vertical rod 412. An arc-shaped block 432 is fixedly provided on the side wall of the follower rod 423. The arc-shaped block 432 is located between the two limiting rings 353. The arc-shaped block 432 can seal the air outlet 352 to prevent dust from entering the interior of the chamber 231. A second locking hole 433 is provided on the insertion rod 233. An L-shaped rod 434 is installed on the side wall of the vertical rod 412. When the L-shaped rod 434 is inserted into the second locking hole 433, the position of the insertion rod 233 can be restricted.

[0054] In use, when the insertion rod 233 is not inserted into the vent 352, the bottom of the vertical rod 412 is in contact with the side wall of the follower rod 423. When the insertion rod 233 disengages from the bottommost triangular groove 20 and moves to the inner wall of the protective shell 14, the insertion rod 233 drives the follower rod 423 to contact the outer wall of the sleeve 351. If the follower rod 423 is not directly facing the vent 352, the insertion rod 233 squeezes the short tube 421, and the short tube 421 drives the spring 422 to contract. When the sleeve 351 drives the vent... When 352 rotates to align with follower rod 423, spring 422 resumes its rotation, driving follower rod 423 to insert into the vent 352, thus locking sleeve 351. At the same time, follower rod 423 drives locking hole 431 to move below vertical rod 412. Under the action of gravity, vertical rod 412 inserts into locking hole 431, locking the position of follower rod 423. Simultaneously, vertical rod 412 drives locking block 411 to press engagement block 404, causing engagement block 404 to be threadedly connected to threaded tube 354.

[0055] Working principle:

[0056] When building materials need to be crushed, workers place the materials inside the protective shell 14, and slide the lower pressure plate 222 down into the shell 14. Under gravity, the bottom of the lower pressure plate 222 contacts the building materials inside the shell 14. Then, motors 11 and 332 are started. Motor 11 drives the crushing roller 15 to rotate, crushing the building materials inside the shell 14. As the materials are crushed, they fall from the discharge port 12 and are collected by a trolley. As the internal building materials decrease, the lower pressure plate 222 gradually descends along the slide 21 under the action of gravity. At the same time, the broken dust enters the interior of the second chamber 30 through the air inlet 31. The dust enters the interior of the sleeve 351 through the second chamber 30, the air outlet 32 ​​and the air outlet 352 in sequence. The second motor 332 drives the first gear 333 to rotate. The first gear 333 drives the second gear 334 to rotate. The second gear 334 drives the threaded tube 354 to rotate. The threaded tube 354 drives the spiral blade 355 to rotate, so that the gas inside the sleeve 351 is discharged from the exhaust pipe 356.

[0057] When the lower pressure plate 222 descends, it causes the limiting ring 353 to descend, which in turn causes the sleeve 351 to descend. The sleeve 351 then causes the fixing block 402 to descend, which in turn causes the engaging block 404 and locking block 411 to descend. The locking block 411 then causes the vertical rod 412 to descend. When the insertion rod 233 disengages from the inside of the last triangular groove 20, it causes the short tube 421 to move toward the vent 352. The short tube 421 then causes the second spring 422 to move, which in turn causes the follower rod 423 to insert into the vent 352. The vertical rod 412 then causes the L-shaped rod 4... 34 is inserted into the locking hole 433 to lock the position of the insert rod 233, preventing the spring 235 from restoring and causing the insert rod 233 to re-insert into the triangular groove 20. At the same time, the follower rod 423 moves the locking hole 431 to below the vertical rod 412. Under the action of gravity, the vertical rod 412 is inserted into the locking hole 431. The vertical rod 412 causes the locking block 411 to press against the engaging block 404. When the locking block 411 contacts the bottom surface inside the groove 403, the engaging block 404 causes the threaded surface 406 to connect with the outer wall of the threaded tube 354. At this time, due to The follower rod 423 restricts the position of the sleeve 351. The engagement block 404 is set on the side wall of the sleeve. When the threaded tube 354 rotates under the rotation of the motor 332, the engagement block 404 can drive the sleeve 351 to rise on the side wall of the threaded tube 354. When the sleeve 351 rises, it can drive the limiting ring 353 to rise. The limiting ring 353 can drive the lower pressure plate 222 to rise, so that the lower pressure plate 222 disengages from the inside of the protective shell 14. The motor 332 can then be stopped, and the worker can pour new building materials into the inside of the protective shell 14. At this time, the worker pulls... Pull block 413 drives vertical rod 412 to rise, vertical rod 412 drives locking block 411 to rise, releasing the restriction on engagement block 404. Vertical rod 412 disengages from the inside of locking hole one 431. Vertical rod 412 drives L-shaped rod 434 to disengage from the inside of locking hole two 433. At this time, spring one 235 and spring two 422 return to their original positions. The lower pressure plate 222 descends on the side wall of slide rod 221 under the action of gravity, re-compressing the building material. Restart motor two 332 to remove dust from inside protective shell 14. Repeat this operation to complete the crushing of building material.

[0058] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy-saving crushing device for processing building materials, characterized in that: The utility model relates to a kind of broken mechanism and energy-saving mechanism for the broken mechanism. The utility model provides a kind of broken mechanism and energy-saving mechanism for the broken mechanism. The utility model provides a kind of broken mechanism and energy-saving mechanism for the broken mechanism. The utility model provides a kind of broken mechanism and energy-saving mechanism for the broken mechanism. The ascending mechanism comprises a suction part (35) provided with an engaging part (40), the engaging part (40) is provided with a first locking part (41), a buffer part (42) on the limiting part (23), the suction part (35) is provided with a second locking part (43); the engaging part (40) comprises a through hole (401) on the sidewall of the sleeve (351), the sidewall of the sleeve (351) is provided with a fixed block (402), the fixed block (402) is provided with a groove (403), the groove (403) is provided with an engaging block (404) inside, the engaging block (404) is provided with an inclined surface (405) and a threaded surface (406); the groove (403) and the through hole (401) are mutually penetrated, the inclined surface (405) is located on the side away from the threaded tube (354), and the threaded surface (406) is adjacent to the threaded tube (354); the first locking part (41) comprises a locking block (411) inside the groove (403), the locking block (411) is provided with a vertical rod (412), the top end of the vertical rod (412) is provided with a pulling block (413), and the bottom end of the vertical rod (412) penetrates through the fixed block (402) and extends into the inside of the cavity one (231); when the vertical rod (412) drives the locking block (411) to descend, the locking block (411) extrudes the inclined surface (405), and the pulling block (413) is located above the fixed block (402); the buffer part (42) comprises a short tube (421) at the other end of the insertion rod (233), the short tube (421) is provided with a spring two (422) and a follow-up rod (423) inside, the follow-up rod (423) is matched with the air outlet hole (352); the second locking part (43) comprises a locking hole one (431) on the follow-up rod (423), the locking hole one (431) is matched with the vertical rod (412), the sidewall of the follow-up rod (423) is fixedly provided with an arc-shaped block (432), the arc-shaped block (432) can seal the air outlet hole (352), the insertion rod (233) is provided with a locking hole two (433), the sidewall of the vertical rod (412) is installed with an L-shaped rod (434), the L-shaped rod (434) is matched with the locking hole two (433), when the insertion rod (233) is separated from the bottommost one of the triangular grooves (20) and is moved to the inner wall of the protective shell (14), the insertion rod (233) drives the follow-up rod (423) to contact the outer sidewall of the sleeve (351).

2. The energy-saving crushing device for processing building materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding part (34) comprises a spherical ring groove (341) on the gear two (334), and the spherical ring groove (341) is provided with a rolling ball (342) inside.

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