Electric tractor with high integration level

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-integration electric tractor, which relates to the technical field of tractors, and comprises a chassis, a multi-output hydraulic drive axle, a battery unit, a drive unit and a walking unit, the battery unit comprises a battery pack, a battery cooler and a battery management system; the walking unit comprises a front axle, a rear axle, a front driving wheel and a rear driving wheel; the multi-output hydraulic drive axle is provided with an input end, a first output end, a second output end, a third output end and a fourth output end, and the input end is in power connection with the drive unit; the first output end is in power connection with the rear axle; the second output end is in power connection with the front axle; the third output end is located at the rear end of the chassis and used for driving a rear operation component. The fourth output end is located at the bottom of the chassis and is in power connection with the transfer case, and the transfer case is used for driving the middle operation component. The tractor is provided with a plurality of power output ends, a plurality of operation parts can be hung at the same time for synchronous operation, the integration degree is high, and the application range is wide.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of tractor technology, and particularly relates to a high-integration electric tractor. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of agricultural mechanized production, as the core power equipment, the technical performance and operation mode of the tractor directly affect the agricultural production efficiency. In order to match various agricultural implements, multiple power output interfaces are required. The existing tractors generally realize the distribution of the above-mentioned power output through a diesel engine matched with a gearbox system assembly. Since all the power of the tractor comes from the diesel engine, the walking and PTO power output of the tractor are coupled, which requires switching different gears to meet the power and operation speed requirements of different operation scenarios. The gearbox structure is complex, which increases the weight of the whole machine. At the same time, manual operation is required to switch the PTO engagement gear to realize the power output of different PTOs, which is cumbersome. Moreover, the output ends are concentrated together, and multiple components cannot be simultaneously suspended for synchronous operation.

[0003] For example, the patent application No. 2025103710551 discloses a multifunctional electric tractor, which comprises a main drive motor, a rear half shaft, a PTO motor, a first clutch, a rear PTO output shaft, a second clutch, a middle PTO output shaft, a third clutch, and a front PTO output shaft. The main drive motor is in transmission connection with the rear half shaft, and the PTO motor is in transmission connection with the first clutch, the second clutch, and the third clutch. Although the multifunctional electric tractor realizes multiple output ends, the structure of multiple motors matched with a gearbox increases the overall weight and cost, and the multiple output ends cannot meet the demand of simultaneously suspending operation components in front, middle, and rear of the tractor for operation.

[0004] In summary, the existing electric tractors have the problems of few power output ends, poor integration, large overall weight, and single operation. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a high-integration electric tractor, which solves the problems of few power output ends, poor integration, large overall weight, and single operation of the existing electric tractors.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: A high-integration electric tractor, comprising a chassis, a multiple-output hydraulic drive axle, a battery unit, a driving unit, and a walking unit. The battery unit is arranged at the front end of the chassis and comprises a battery pack, a battery cooler, and a battery management system. The walking unit comprises a front axle, a rear axle, a front driving wheel and a rear driving wheel, the front axle is arranged at the front end of the chassis, and one front driving wheel is arranged at each side of the front axle; the rear axle is arranged at the rear end of the chassis, and one rear driving wheel is arranged at each side of the rear axle. The multi-output hydraulic drive axle is provided with an input end, a first output end, a second output end, a third output end and a fourth output end, the input end is in power connection with the driving unit; the first output end is in power connection with the rear axle; the second output end is in power connection with the front axle; the third output end is located at the rear end of the chassis and is used for driving a rear working component; the fourth output end is located at the bottom of the chassis, and the fourth output end is in power connection with a transfer case, and the transfer case is used for driving an intermediate working component.

[0007] Preferably, the driving unit is an alternating current motor, and an output end of the alternating current motor is in power connection with the input end through a shaft coupling.

[0008] Preferably, a seat, a steering wheel and a controller are arranged at the top of the chassis.

[0009] Preferably, a front suspension assembly is arranged at the front end of the chassis, and the front suspension assembly is used for hanging a front working component.

[0010] Preferably, a rear suspension assembly is arranged at the rear end of the chassis, and the rear suspension assembly is used for hanging a rear working component.

[0011] Preferably, a PTO clutch is arranged in the multi-output hydraulic drive axle, and the PTO clutch is used for transmitting or cutting off the power of the third output end and the fourth output end.

[0012] Preferably, a mode selection handle is arranged on the multi-output hydraulic drive axle, and three working modes can be adjusted through the mode selection handle, in the first working mode, only the third output end works, in the second working mode, only the fourth output end works, and in the third working mode, the third output end and the fourth output end work simultaneously.

[0013] In the application, compared with the existing electric tractor, the following beneficial effects are achieved: 1. The power system is high in efficiency and energy saving, and is excellent in endurance and reliability The alternating current motor is used as the driving unit, the motor body efficiency reaches 90%-95%, the transmission efficiency is higher than that of the traditional hydraulic motor, the energy loss is less, the endurance of the tractor is significantly improved under the same battery capacity, the complex components such as the hydraulic pump and the oil tank are not needed, the system fault points are reduced, the maintenance cost is reduced (the operations such as hydraulic oil replacement and filter cleaning are saved), meanwhile, the low-temperature adaptability is stronger, the tractor can be normally started under the environment of-30 DEG C without an additional oil heating device, and the energy consumption is further reduced.

[0014] 2. Multi-output drive and suspension design, comprehensive and flexible operation function The multi-output hydraulic drive axle is provided with four output ends, which can respectively provide power for the rear axle (traveling), the front axle (traveling), the rear operation component (rotary cultivator, etc.), and the middle / front operation component (mower, etc.), so that walking and multiple operations are simultaneously performed, and the operation efficiency is improved; and the drive axle is provided with a PTO clutch, so that different working modes can be selected as required.

[0015] Meanwhile, the front suspension assembly adjusts the front swing rod through the linear driving member, and the rear suspension assembly controls the height of the operation component by relying on the parallel four-bar mechanism and the linear driving member, so that different plowing depths or operation requirements are adapted, and the front / rear suspension can be respectively connected to the leveling machine, rotary cultivator and other operation components, so that diversified farmland operation scenes are met.

[0016] 3. Light weight and space optimization, protecting farmland and facilitating upgrading The AC motor eliminates heavy components such as the pump, oil tank and pipeline of the hydraulic system, greatly reduces the weight of the tractor itself, reduces the compaction degree of the soil during driving, and protects the farmland structure; meanwhile, the space redundancy brought by the weight reduction can reserve installation space for new components (such as intelligent control module and additional storage device) of the vehicle body, and facilitates subsequent function upgrading. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the multi-output hydraulic drive axle structure of the present application; In the figure: 1, chassis; 2, multi-output hydraulic drive axle; 3, battery unit; 4, driving unit; 5, traveling unit; 6, input end; 7, first output end; 8, second output end; 9, third output end; 10, fourth output end; 11, transfer case; 12, seat; 13, steering wheel; 14, controller; 15, front suspension assembly; 16, rear suspension assembly; 17, mode selection handle; 30, battery pack; 31, battery cooler; 32, battery management system; 50, front axle; 51, rear axle; 52, front drive wheel; 53, rear drive wheel; 150, front lower support rod; 151, front linear driving member; 152, front swing rod; 160, rear lower swing rod; 161, rear linear driving member; 162, rear upper swing rod; 163, pull rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings: For example Figure 1 And Figure 2The electric tractor with high integration degree shown comprises a chassis 1, a multi-output hydraulic drive axle 2, a battery unit 3, a driving unit 4 and a walking unit 5. A seat 12, a steering wheel 13 and a controller 14 are arranged on the top of the chassis 1, and an operator sits on the seat 12 and controls the tractor's forward movement, backward movement, stop and operation of each working part through the steering wheel 13 and the controller 14.

[0019] The battery unit 3 is arranged above the front end of the chassis 1 and comprises a battery pack 30, a battery cooler 31 and a battery management system 32. The battery pack 30 is a lithium iron phosphate battery or a lithium battery, and of course, a sodium battery or other batteries can also be used. The battery cooler 31 is arranged on the battery pack 30 and is used for cooling the battery pack 30. The battery cooler 31 is a liquid-cooled cooler or a direct-cooled cooler. The battery management system 32 can collect and analyze battery state data in real time, accurately control the battery charging and discharging process, and cooperate with cooling, heating and other components to ensure the safe, efficient and long-life operation of the battery.

[0020] The walking unit 5 comprises a front axle 50, a rear axle 51, a front drive wheel 52 and a rear drive wheel 53. The front axle 50 is arranged at the front end of the chassis 1, and one front drive wheel 52 is arranged on each side of the front axle 50. The front axle 50 transmits the power output by the multi-output hydraulic drive axle 2 through the second output end 8 to the two front drive wheels 52. Of course, a steering mechanism is also arranged on the front axle 50. The steering mechanism is a full-hydraulic steering mechanism or a hydraulic power-assisted steering mechanism, which is not shown in the drawings.

[0021] The rear axle 51 is arranged at the rear end of the chassis 1, and one rear drive wheel 53 is arranged on each side of the rear axle 51. The rear axle 51 transmits the power output by the multi-output hydraulic drive axle 2 through the first output end 7 to the two rear drive wheels 53.

[0022] The multi-output hydraulic drive axle 2 is provided with an input end 6, a first output end 7, a second output end 8, a third output end 9 and a fourth output end 10. The power is input through the input end 6, and after being changed in speed, the power is output through the first output end 7, the second output end 8, the third output end 9 and the fourth output end 10.

[0023] The input end 6 is power-connected with the driving unit 4; the driving unit 4 is an alternating current motor, and an output end of the alternating current motor is power-connected with the input end 6 through a shaft coupling. The alternating current motor is used to replace the transmission hydraulic motor, and has great advantages: 1. Higher transmission efficiency and less energy loss, the motor body efficiency can reach 90%-95%, so that the endurance capability is improved under the condition of the same battery capacity; 2. Lower maintenance cost and higher reliability, the hydraulic motor needs to be regularly replaced with hydraulic oil, cleaned with filter element and maintained with sealing element; 3. Stronger environmental adaptability and better low-temperature performance, the low-temperature environment (such as below -10℃) can cause the viscosity of the hydraulic oil to increase and the flowability to decrease, and the motor is difficult to start and has large speed fluctuation, and an oil heating device needs to be additionally equipped, while the alternating current motor can be normally started under the environment of -30℃, and the heat generated during the motor operation can assist the self-heat preservation, without additional energy consumption; 4. More flexible and remarkable weight reduction, the hydraulic motor needs to be matched with a hydraulic pump, an oil tank, a pipeline, a control valve and other components, and the system has large volume and weight; while the alternating current motor does not need to be so complicated, the weight of the tractor itself is reduced, the soil compaction degree is reduced (the farmland is protected), and more installation space is reserved for other components of the vehicle body.

[0024] The driver of the alternating current motor is installed on the chassis 1.

[0025] The first output end 7 is power-connected with the rear axle 51, and is used to output power to the rear axle 51. The second output end 8 is power-connected with the front axle 50, and is used to output power to the front axle 50.

[0026] The third output end 9 is located at the rear end of the chassis 1, and is used to drive the rear working component and provide driving force for the working of the rear working component. The rear working component can be selected from a rotary cultivator, a ridge flattener, a ditcher and the like.

[0027] The fourth output end 10 is located at the bottom of the chassis 1, and the fourth output end 10 is power-connected with the transfer case 11. The transfer case 11 is used to drive the intermediate working component, and the intermediate working component can be selected from a mower. The transfer case 11 can also transmit power to the front end of the chassis 1, and is used to provide power for the working of the front working component.

[0028] A front suspension assembly 15 is arranged at the front end of the chassis 1, and the front suspension assembly 15 is used for hanging a front work component, which can be a screed, a screed board, a rotary tiller, etc. In the embodiment, the front suspension assembly 15 includes a front lower support rod 150, a front linear drive 151, and a front swing rod 152, one end of the front lower support rod 150 is fixedly installed on the chassis 1, one end of the front swing rod 152 is hingedly installed on the chassis 1, and two ends of the front linear drive 151 are hingedly installed on the front lower support rod 150 and the front swing rod 152, respectively. The front linear drive 151 is a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod. The front work component is installed on the front swing rod 152, and the height of the front work component from the ground is adjusted by controlling the extension and retraction of the front linear drive 151 to control the lifting of the front swing rod 152.

[0029] A rear suspension assembly 16 is arranged at the rear end of the chassis 1, and the rear suspension assembly 16 is used for hanging a rear work component. In the embodiment, the rear suspension assembly 16 includes a rear lower swing rod 160, a rear linear drive 161, a rear upper swing rod 162, and a pull rod 163, two ends of the pull rod 163 are hingedly installed on the rear lower swing rod 160 and the rear upper swing rod 162, respectively, one end of the rear lower swing rod 160 and one end of the rear upper swing rod 162 are hingedly installed on the chassis 1, one end of the rear linear drive 161 is hingedly installed on the chassis 1, the other end of the rear linear drive 161 is hingedly installed on the rear upper swing rod 162, the rear lower swing rod 160, the rear upper swing rod 162, the chassis 1, and the pull rod 163 form a parallelogram mechanism, and the rear linear drive 161 is a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod. The rear work component is installed on the overhanging ends of the rear lower swing rod 160 and the rear upper swing rod 162, and the height of the rear work component from the ground is adjusted by controlling the extension and retraction of the rear linear drive 161 to control the lifting of the parallelogram mechanism, thereby controlling the height of the rear work component from the ground.

[0030] A PTO clutch is arranged in the multi-output hydraulic drive axle 2, and the PTO clutch is used for transmitting or cutting off the power of the third output end 9 and the fourth output end 10.

[0031] A mode selection handle 17 is arranged on the multi-output hydraulic drive axle 2, and the mode selection handle 17 is used for adjusting three working modes, the first working mode is that only the third output end 9 works, the second working mode is that only the fourth output end 10 works, and the third working mode is that the third output end 9 and the fourth output end 10 work simultaneously. During operation, an operator manually adjusts the mode selection handle 17 to a corresponding position according to the operation requirements, and the mode switching can be realized without stopping the machine.

[0032] The above embodiment is only a description of the concept and implementation of the present application, and is not a limitation. Under the concept of the present application, technical solutions without substantial changes are still within the protection scope.

Claims

1. A highly integrated electric tractor, characterized in that: It includes a chassis (1), a multi-output hydraulic drive axle (2), a battery unit (3), a drive unit (4), and a walking unit (5). The battery unit (3) is located at the front end of the chassis (1) and includes a battery pack (30), a battery cooler (31) and a battery management system (32). The walking unit (5) includes a front axle (50), a rear axle (51), a front drive wheel (52), and a rear drive wheel (53). The front axle (50) is located at the front end of the chassis (1), and a front drive wheel (52) is provided on each side of the front axle (50). The rear axle (51) is located at the rear end of the chassis (1), and a rear drive wheel (53) is provided on each side of the rear axle (51). The multi-output hydraulic drive axle (2) is provided with an input end (6), a first output end (7), a second output end (8), a third output end (9) and a fourth output end (10). The input end (6) is poweredly connected to the drive unit (4); the first output end (7) is poweredly connected to the rear axle (51); the second output end (8) is poweredly connected to the front axle (50); the third output end (9) is located at the rear end of the chassis (1) and is used to drive the rear working parts; the fourth output end (10) is located at the bottom of the chassis (1) and is poweredly connected to the transfer case (11), which is used to drive the intermediate working parts.

2. The highly integrated electric tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive unit (4) is an AC motor, and the output end of the AC motor is connected to the input end (6) via a coupling.

3. The highly integrated electric tractor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A seat (12), a steering wheel (13) and a controller (14) are provided on the top of the chassis (1).

4. The highly integrated electric tractor according to claim 3, characterized in that: A front suspension assembly (15) is provided at the front end of the chassis (1), and the front suspension assembly (15) is used to attach the front working parts.

5. The highly integrated electric tractor according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: A rear suspension assembly (16) is provided at the rear end of the chassis (1), and the rear suspension assembly (16) is used to attach the rear working parts.

6. The highly integrated electric tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A PTO clutch is provided in the multi-output hydraulic drive axle (2), the PTO clutch being used to transmit or disconnect power to the third output end (9) and the fourth output end (10).

7. The highly integrated electric tractor according to claim 6, characterized in that: A mode selection handle (17) is provided on the multi-output hydraulic drive axle (2). Three working modes can be adjusted by the mode selection handle (17). In the first working mode, only the third output end (9) works. In the second working mode, only the fourth output end (10) works. In the third working mode, both the third output end (9) and the fourth output end (10) work at the same time.

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