An active isolation-passive attenuation-energy recycling integrated composite isolation wall

Abstract

The application discloses an active isolation-passive damping-energy recovery integrated composite isolation wall, belonging to the field of rail transit, comprising a magneto-rheological damping unit, a linear motor displacement control unit, a passive vibration control module, a bottom support element, a top covering module and the like; the magneto-rheological damping unit guarantees controllable damping force of the magneto-rheological damping unit through the magneto-rheological effect of magneto-rheological fluid in a cavity, and actively controls the train track in real time; the linear motor displacement control unit accurately adjusts the system displacement, and realizes active vibration control; the passive vibration control module realizes efficient vibration energy attenuation through cooperation of various elements; the bottom support element provides bearing and stable support, and the top covering module has vibration monitoring and vibration energy conversion and protection functions. The isolation wall combines real-time adjustment of active control and energy dissipation of passive control, constructs a multi-stage vibration control strategy, adapts to different vibration environments, and improves the stability and safety of the rail system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of urban rail transit technology, and in particular to an integrated composite isolation wall that combines active isolation, passive attenuation, and energy recovery. Background Technology

[0002] The operation of urban rail transit can cause long-term vibrations, which may lead to structural damage such as cracks and foundation settlement in buildings along the line, threatening building safety. In addition, when the rail line passes through residential areas, the vibrations can also disturb residents' lives, so effective vibration control measures must be taken.

[0003] Currently, various combined vibration reduction and isolation design schemes have emerged in the field of rail transit vibration control. For example, Chinese invention patent application CN117569125A proposes a rail transit vibration reduction structure, which replaces rubber damping rings by installing the entire vibration reduction structure under the track, thus providing vibration reduction for rail transit. Chinese invention patent application CN117306319A proposes a rail vibration reduction mechanism based on rail transit. This mechanism improves stability by setting a connection method between the sliding plate and the ball bearing plate, enhances the vibration reduction effect at the bottom of the ball bearing plate by adding rubber pads, and completes the vibration reduction mechanism by incorporating damping spring columns and a sleeve structure. This reduces friction between the train and the track, while also increasing the service life of the track. These designs significantly improve the suppression of low-frequency, high-amplitude vibrations through optimized mechanical configuration.

[0004] However, existing technologies still have three key limitations: First, passive control mechanisms are difficult to dynamically adapt to complex and ever-changing vibration spectrum characteristics; second, the control dimension is singular, mainly targeting longitudinal track vibration while ignoring multi-directional coupled vibration; and finally, effective recovery and utilization of vibration energy has not been achieved.

[0005] In contrast, magnetorheological dampers, with their millisecond-level response speed and continuously adjustable damping force, have achieved significant results in automotive vibration reduction. However, rail transit vibrations have unique operating characteristics: vibration amplitudes can be 5-10 times that of automotive vibrations, the dominant frequencies are concentrated in the low-frequency range of 0.5-10Hz, and the vibration sources involve the coupling effects of multiple factors such as wheel-rail coupling and track irregularities. Therefore, existing designs still struggle to meet the active seismic resistance requirements of rail transit. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The problem to be solved by this invention is to provide an integrated composite isolation wall that combines active isolation, passive attenuation, and energy recovery. By combining real-time adjustment of active control with energy dissipation of passive control, a multi-level vibration control strategy is constructed to adapt to different vibration environments and achieve partial energy recovery, thereby improving the stability and safety of urban rail transit.

[0007] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: an integrated composite isolation wall of active isolation, passive attenuation and energy recovery, which is formed by connecting several sets of vibration control structures, and suppresses the vibration of train tracks by constructing a multi-level vibration control with active and passive coordination;

[0008] Each vibration control structure includes: a magnetorheological damping unit, a linear motor displacement control unit, a passive vibration control module, a bottom support element, and a top cover module;

[0009] The magnetorheological damping unit and the linear motor displacement control unit are used for active vibration regulation;

[0010] The magnetorheological damping unit is arranged on the side of the passive vibration control module, connected to the passive vibration control module, and provides variable damping force based on the characteristic of magnetorheological fluid changing flow resistance under the action of electromagnetic field, so as to dynamically adjust vibration suppression under different working conditions.

[0011] The linear motor displacement control unit is located adjacent to the magnetorheological damping unit. Its upper surface is connected to the passive vibration control module, and its lower surface is connected to the roller track through rollers. It uses electromagnetic force to drive the roller track to precisely adjust the displacement, compensate for external disturbances, and realize active vibration control.

[0012] The passive vibration control module is located above the linear motor displacement control unit and connected to the bottom support element. It performs passive vibration control through vibration reduction by flexible materials and vibration isolation by rigid materials.

[0013] The roller track is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the bottom support element, and the bottom support element is fixedly connected to the track foundation;

[0014] The top cover module is located on the top of the entire vibration control structure and is closely connected to the train track. It performs vibration monitoring and vibration energy conversion through fiber optic displacement monitoring elements and piezoelectric conversion circuits.

[0015] Preferably, the magnetorheological damping unit includes: a working cylinder, an electromagnetic coil, a connecting component, a piston, a piston rod, a magnetorheological fluid, and a protective cylinder; through the magnetorheological effect of the magnetorheological fluid in the cavity, the magnetorheological damping unit generates a controllable damping force, thereby realizing real-time active control of the train track.

[0016] The working cylinder is made of stainless steel and has a hollow cuboid structure, which provides support and protection to ensure the long-term stability of the piston components.

[0017] The piston is placed inside the working cylinder and slides along the axial direction of the working cylinder, dividing the internal space of the working cylinder into two independent working chambers, upper and lower.

[0018] The electromagnetic coil, made of copper wire, is located outside the piston and is sealed with rubber to prevent damage to the coil. It is used to generate an adjustable magnetic field under controlled current input to excite the magnetorheological fluid response.

[0019] The magnetorheological fluid is formed by dispersing nano-iron particles in mineral oil and fills the channel between the upper and lower working chambers, connecting the two working chambers.

[0020] The piston rod is made of alloy and is connected to the upper part of the piston by threads.

[0021] Preferably, the connecting components include: an L-shaped connecting component and a square connecting component.

[0022] The L-shaped connecting component is used to fix the working cylinder, and its end is connected to the passive vibration control module by screws; one end of the square connecting component is welded to the piston rod, and the other end is connected to the passive vibration control module by screws.

[0023] The protective cylinder is made of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant material and is wrapped around the outer layer of the magnetorheological damping unit to provide additional protection.

[0024] Preferably, the linear motor displacement control unit includes: a displacement control linear motor element, a displacement sensor, a data communication interface, a roller, and a roller track;

[0025] The upper surface of the displacement control linear motor element is connected to the passive vibration control module, and the lower surface is slidably connected to the roller track via rollers to generate linear driving force. Based on the principle of electromagnetic force, it outputs linear motion along a fixed direction to drive the overall structure to make precise displacement.

[0026] The displacement sensor is installed inside or outside the displacement control linear motor component to acquire displacement status information in real time and feed it back to the control system through a data communication interface.

[0027] The rollers are made of high-strength alloy material and are driven by a roller control motor to make precise displacement adjustments along the roller track.

[0028] Preferably, the passive vibration control module includes: a passive vibration control unit, a shear resistance element, and a connecting and fixing element;

[0029] The passive vibration control unit has four components, which are connected to four connecting and fixing elements in a mutually perpendicular spatial arrangement to form an overall passive vibration control module.

[0030] Each passive vibration control unit is connected to two fixed elements on both sides by several shear resistance elements, providing additional shear strength and auxiliary vibration absorption.

[0031] Preferably, each passive vibration control unit includes a rigid vibration isolation element and a flexible embedded vibration damping element. It is constructed by filling the rigid vibration isolation element with a flexible embedded vibration damping element, aiming to achieve efficient vibration isolation and attenuation through the synergistic effect of flexible and rigid materials.

[0032] The rigid vibration isolation element is a hollow cuboid structure made of high-rigidity materials such as metal or concrete to ensure that it has sufficient strength and rigidity to effectively isolate vibration and bear load.

[0033] The flexible embedded vibration damping element is filled inside the rigid vibration isolation element. Utilizing the high deformability and excellent energy absorption characteristics of flexible materials, it deforms when subjected to vibration, thereby absorbing and attenuating a large amount of vibration energy and reducing vibration transmission. The material selection and structural design of this element can be optimized and adjusted according to actual working conditions to balance durability and vibration damping efficiency, thereby improving the overall vibration control effect.

[0034] Preferably, the shear resistance element includes: an outer compression spring, an inner compression spring, a fixed base, a shear-resistant element, and a high-strength screw, which are mainly used to provide shear strength and further absorb vibration energy through the outer and inner compression springs to enhance the vibration resistance of the system.

[0035] The outer compression spring and the inner compression spring are respectively disposed on both sides of the shear-resistant element, and dissipate energy through elastic deformation under the action of external shear force;

[0036] One side of the fixed base is connected to the shear-resistant element by high-strength screws, and the other side is fixedly connected to the track structure.

[0037] Preferably, the top cover module includes: a rubber cover plate, an optical fiber displacement monitoring element, and a piezoelectric conversion circuit. Its main function is to protect the entire vibration control structure and to be tightly connected to the train track, thereby enabling vibration monitoring and vibration energy conversion.

[0038] The rubber cover is made of highly elastic rubber material, which protects and covers the entire vibration control structure and fits tightly against the bottom of the track; the length of the rubber cover is extended in the track running direction by connecting buckles.

[0039] The fiber optic displacement monitoring element is embedded in the surface of the rubber cover plate to monitor the displacement changes of the train track in real time. Based on fiber optic grating sensing technology, this monitoring element can accurately sense minute deformations and displacements of the track and transmit the data to the monitoring system, enabling real-time monitoring and early warning of the train track status. Its flexible embedding design ensures good fit with the rubber cover plate and also provides anti-interference capabilities, improving long-term stability.

[0040] The piezoelectric conversion circuit adopts a sheet structure and is embedded in the middle of the rubber cover plate to collect and transmit the generated charge, and convert vibration energy into electrical energy through the piezoelectric effect.

[0041] Preferably, the piezoelectric conversion circuit includes: a piezoelectric conversion element, a silicone buffer layer between piezoelectric elements, an energy harvesting circuit, a backup energy harvesting circuit, a voltmeter, a switch, an aluminum-plastic composite film, a multi-channel signal aggregation module, and a parallel rectifier circuit;

[0042] The piezoelectric conversion element uses several hexagonal piezoelectric ceramic sheets, which are embedded in a rubber cover plate in a honeycomb array. The sheet electrode surfaces are arranged parallel to the track plane, and adjacent piezoelectric ceramic sheets are interconnected by laser welding with silicone-coated silver wires. The welding points are encapsulated with polyurethane.

[0043] The silicone buffer layer between the piezoelectric elements is formed by vacuum injection molding and fills the gap between adjacent piezoelectric ceramic sheets.

[0044] The energy harvesting circuit and the energy harvesting backup circuit are connected in parallel and are automatically switched by a switch. The voltage status of the energy harvesting circuit and the energy harvesting backup circuit is monitored in real time by a voltmeter and transmitted to the multi-channel signal aggregation module.

[0045] The multi-channel signal aggregation module is connected to a parallel rectifier circuit to convert the AC power generated by the piezoelectric conversion element into DC power.

[0046] The aluminum-plastic composite film uses a 0.2mm aluminum-plastic composite vacuum encapsulation layer to cover the surface of the piezoelectric conversion element;

[0047] The multi-channel signal aggregation module incorporates an FFT+LMS algorithm for vibration spectrum analysis, stores fault codes locally via an FRAM chip, and integrates RS-485 / NB-IoT dual-mode communication.

[0048] Preferably, the integrated composite isolation wall also includes a connecting latch for extending the length of the bottom support element and the rubber cover plate in the track running direction, connecting each set of vibration control structures to form an integrated composite isolation wall;

[0049] The bottom support element is a one-piece solid cuboid structure used to provide stable support and structural expansion capability for the vibration control system. It is made of stainless steel and provides reliable bottom support for the entire vibration control system.

[0050] The connecting element extends the length of the vibration control system in the track running direction through the connecting latch, ensuring that the length of the vibration control system can be adjusted as needed to adapt to the installation requirements of different track structures.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, the present invention, employing the above technical solution, has the following technical effects:

[0052] 1. The integrated composite isolation wall of the present invention uses fiber optic displacement monitoring elements in the top covering module to sense track vibration in real time and feed the displacement data back to the control system. The control system analyzes the vibration spectrum and amplitude characteristics and adjusts the stiffness and damping parameters of the vibration control system, thereby effectively reducing the vibration amplitude of the train track.

[0053] 2. The integrated composite isolation wall of this invention combines active and passive control mechanisms to construct a collaborative multi-level vibration control system. Specifically, the linear motor displacement control unit drives the rollers according to system commands to achieve precise displacement compensation, effectively offsetting the macroscopic displacement of the track structure; the magnetorheological damping unit adjusts the input current in real time to change the damping characteristics of the magnetorheological fluid, providing a controllable damping force opposite to the vibration, suppressing mid-to-high frequency vibrations. Simultaneously, the passive vibration control module, as the system foundation, continuously dissipates vibration energy and bears the main static load; its internal shear resistance elements and flexible materials work synergistically to enhance the system's impact resistance and multi-directional stability, ensuring that the foundation still has vibration reduction capabilities even when active control is not activated or malfunctions.

[0054] 3. The integrated composite isolation wall of this invention uses a piezoelectric conversion circuit to capture and convert the mechanical energy generated by the entire vibration control system during vibration into electrical energy, thereby replenishing the energy of the monitoring unit or control system and realizing partial energy recovery. Attached Figure Description

[0055] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated composite isolation wall structure of the present invention, which combines active isolation, passive attenuation, and energy recovery.

[0056] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetorheological damping unit structure of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the linear motor displacement control unit structure of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the passive vibration control module structure of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the shear resistance element structure of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the top cover module structure of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the piezoelectric conversion circuit structure of the present invention;

[0062] Explanation of markings in the diagram:

[0063] 1 Magnetorheological damping unit, 2 Linear motor displacement control unit, 3 Passive vibration control module, 4 Bottom support element, 5 Top cover module, 6 Connecting latch;

[0064] 1-1 Working cylinder body, 1-2 Electromagnetic coil, 1-3 L-shaped connecting part, 1-4 Piston, 1-5 Square connecting part, 1-6 Piston rod, 1-7 Magnetorheological fluid, 1-8 Protective cylinder;

[0065] 2-1 Displacement control linear motor components, 2-2 Displacement sensor, 2-3 Data communication interface, 2-4 Roller, 2-5 Roller track;

[0066] 3-1 Connecting and fixing elements, 3-2 Passive vibration control unit, 3-3 Shear resistance elements;

[0067] 3-2-1 Rigid vibration isolation element; 3-2-2 Flexible embedded vibration damping element;

[0068] 3-3-1 Outer compression spring, 3-3-2 Inner compression spring, 3-3-3 Fixed base, 3-3-4 Shear-resistant element, 3-3-5 High-strength screw;

[0069] 5-1 Rubber cover plate, 5-2 Fiber optic displacement monitoring element, 5-3 Piezoelectric conversion circuit;

[0070] 5-3-1 Piezoelectric conversion element, 5-3-2 Silicone buffer layer between piezoelectric elements, 5-3-3 Energy harvesting circuit, 5-3-4 Backup energy harvesting circuit, 5-3-5 Voltmeter, 5-3-6 Switch, 5-3-7 Aluminum-plastic composite film, 5-3-8 Multi-channel signal aggregation module, 5-3-9 Parallel rectifier circuit. Detailed Implementation

[0071] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments involved in this invention. All non-innovative embodiments based on this invention by other researchers in the art are within the protection scope of this invention.

[0072] Example 1

[0073] An integrated composite isolation wall combining active isolation, passive attenuation, and energy recovery is provided. It is formed by connecting several sets of vibration control structures and suppresses train track vibration by constructing a multi-level vibration control system with active and passive coordination.

[0074] Each set of vibration control structures, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes core components such as: magnetorheological damping unit 1, linear motor displacement control unit 2, passive vibration control module 3, bottom support element 4, top cover module 5, and connecting latch 6.

[0075] This embodiment combines the active adjustment capabilities of the magnetorheological damping unit 1 and the linear motor displacement control unit 2 with the adaptive vibration suppression characteristics of the passive vibration control module 3. By constructing an active-passive coordinated multi-level vibration control strategy, a complete vibration control system is formed, thereby ensuring stable operation of the track under vibration environments of different frequencies and amplitudes, effectively suppressing track vibration, and improving overall safety and durability.

[0076] In terms of active control, high-precision active vibration regulation is achieved through the magnetorheological damping unit 1 and the linear motor displacement control unit 2. The magnetorheological damping unit 1, based on the characteristic of magnetorheological fluid changing its flow resistance under the action of an electromagnetic field, adjusts the input current in real time to change the damping characteristics of the magnetorheological fluid, providing a controllable damping force opposite to the vibration, dynamically suppressing medium- and high-frequency vibrations under different operating conditions. Simultaneously, the linear motor displacement control unit 2, according to system commands, uses electromagnetic force to drive the roller track, achieving precise displacement control, actively compensating for external disturbances, effectively offsetting the macroscopic displacement of the track structure, and improving the system's response speed and control accuracy.

[0077] In terms of passive control, the passive vibration control module 3 serves as the foundation of the system, continuously dissipating vibration energy and bearing the main static load; its internal shear resistance elements and flexible materials work together to enhance the system's impact resistance and multi-directional stability, ensuring that the foundation still has vibration reduction capabilities when active control is not activated or is abnormal.

[0078] In the passive vibration control module 3, the rigid vibration isolation element 3-2-1 is made of metal or concrete, providing necessary structural support and high-frequency vibration isolation capability; the flexible embedded vibration damping element 3-2-2 utilizes the deformation energy absorption characteristics of polymer materials to effectively attenuate low- and medium-frequency vibrations and reduce the propagation of vibrations into the system; the shear resistance element 3-3 is composed of outer and inner springs, used to provide additional shear resistance, reduce the deformation of the track system under lateral impact or foundation settlement, optimize the damping path, and improve the vibration attenuation effect.

[0079] Finally, the vibration control system combines real-time precise adjustment of active control with energy dissipation and propagation blocking of passive control to form a multi-level vibration control strategy. This strategy can cover a wide range of vibration control capabilities, from small high-frequency vibrations to large low-frequency vibrations, significantly improving the stability, anti-interference ability and service life of the track system.

[0080] Furthermore, the bottom support element 4 is an integrally molded structure, which provides a stable basic support platform for the entire vibration control system, while also having a certain structural expansion capability.

[0081] Top cover module 5 covers the entire vibration control structure.

[0082] The connecting latch 6 is used to extend the length of the bottom support element 4 and the top cover module 5 in the track running direction, and to extend the length of the vibration control system, ensuring that the vibration control system can be length-adjusted as needed to adapt to the installation requirements of different track structures.

[0083] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the magnetorheological damping unit 1 includes: a working cylinder 1-1, an electromagnetic coil 1-2, an L-shaped connecting component 1-3, a piston 1-4, a square connecting component 1-5, a piston rod 1-6, a magnetorheological fluid 1-7, and an outer protective cylinder 1-8, used to realize real-time active control of the train track system.

[0084] The working cylinder 1-1 is made of stainless steel and has a hollow cuboid structure. It provides overall structural support and sealing space to ensure the stable operation of internal moving parts and the closed flow of magnetorheological fluid.

[0085] The piston 1-4 can slide axially inside the working cylinder 1-1, dividing the internal space of the cylinder into two independent working chambers, upper and lower.

[0086] Magnetorheological fluids 1-7 are formed by uniformly dispersing nano-sized iron particles in mineral oil and filling the channel between the upper and lower working chambers. Under the action of an external magnetic field, their rheological properties (such as viscosity) change rapidly, thereby adjusting the flow resistance and realizing the rapid and controllable adjustment of the damping force. This magnetorheological effect is the core of realizing the real-time active control in this embodiment.

[0087] The electromagnetic coil 1-2 is wound around the outside of the piston 1-4 and is made of copper wire. It can generate an adjustable magnetic field to excite the magnetorheological fluid response under the control of the current input. The electromagnetic coil is surrounded by a rubber sealing layer for protection, preventing damage to the coil from external environmental factors such as moisture and dust.

[0088] The piston rod 1-6 is made of high-strength alloy material and is fixed to the upper end of the piston 1-4 by threaded connection. It is used to transmit the mechanical load applied during train operation and effectively convert the load into controllable resistance through the damping system.

[0089] Both the L-shaped connecting component 1-3 and the square connecting component 1-5 are made of high-strength alloy. The L-shaped connecting component 1-3 is used to fix the working cylinder 1-1, and its end is connected to the passive vibration control module 3 by screws to realize the connection of the fixed end and the optimization of the vibration transmission path.

[0090] One end of the square connecting component 1-5 is welded to the piston rod 1-6, and the other end is connected to the passive vibration control module 3 mentioned above by screws, thereby realizing the mechanical coupling of the moving end.

[0091] The outer protective sleeves 1-8 are made of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant composite materials, which completely cover the outer surface of the magnetorheological damping unit 1 to improve the structure's environmental adaptability, impact resistance and long service life.

[0092] In this embodiment, the magnetorheological damping unit 1 generates a magnetorheological effect through the compact and highly responsive magnetorheological fluid 1-7 units, as well as electromagnetic control and mechanical connection structures, to achieve active adjustment of the dynamic response of the track system, which can significantly improve the vibration resistance and running stability of the composite isolation wall during train operation.

[0093] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the linear motor displacement control unit 2 includes: a displacement control linear motor element 2-1, a displacement sensor 2-2, a data communication interface 2-3, a roller 2-4, and a roller track 2-5, which are used to precisely adjust the displacement of the system and realize active vibration control.

[0094] Among them, the displacement control linear motor element 2-1 is used to generate linear driving force, and outputs linear motion along a fixed direction based on the principle of electromagnetic force, driving the overall structure to make precise displacement.

[0095] The displacement sensor 2-2 is installed inside or outside the displacement control linear motor element 2-1 to acquire displacement status information in real time and transmit the information through the data communication interface 2-3.

[0096] Data communication interfaces 2-3 are used to receive external control signals and communicate with the host computer or main control system to realize parameter setting, status reading and operation command issuance.

[0097] Specifically, the upper surface of the displacement control linear motor element 2-1 is connected to the passive vibration control module 3 to construct a master-slave integrated composite vibration isolation structure; the lower surface of the displacement control linear motor element 2-1 is slidably connected to the roller track 2-5 via the roller 2-4 to achieve flexible coupling and linear guidance with the track system.

[0098] Furthermore, rollers 2-4 are made of high-strength alloy materials to improve wear resistance and load-bearing capacity. Driven by a roller control motor, they can make precise displacement adjustments along the roller track, ensuring the stability and response speed of the system.

[0099] The roller track 2-5 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the bottom support element. Its main function is to provide precise guidance for the roller movement, so that the roller can slide smoothly along the set path.

[0100] Specifically, such as Figure 4As shown, the passive vibration control module 3 includes: a connecting and fixing element 3-1, a passive vibration control unit 3-2, and a shear resistance element 3-3, which are used to provide efficient passive vibration control in the train track structure.

[0101] The passive vibration control unit 3-2 includes a rigid vibration isolation element 3-2-1 and a flexible embedded vibration damping element 3-2-2.

[0102] The rigid vibration isolation element 3-2-1 is a hollow cuboid structure made of high-rigidity materials such as metal or concrete. It has high load-bearing capacity and vibration isolation stiffness and is used to provide structural support and isolation from external impacts.

[0103] The flexible embedded vibration damping element 3-2-2 is filled inside the rigid vibration isolation element 3-2-1. It is made of elastic polyurethane, rubber composite or other high-damping elastic materials, and has good deformation capacity and energy absorption performance. It can undergo controllable deformation under vibration load, absorb and attenuate external vibration energy, thereby reducing the vibration response of the structure.

[0104] Shear resistance element 3-3 is disposed between passive vibration control unit 3-2 to provide additional shear strength and auxiliary vibration absorption function.

[0105] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the shear resistance element 3-3 includes: an outer compression spring 3-3-1, an inner compression spring 3-3-2, a fixed base 3-3-3, an anti-shear element 3-3-4, and a high-strength screw 3-3-5.

[0106] Among them, the outer compression spring 3-3-1 and the inner compression spring 3-3-2 are respectively set on both sides of the shear element 3-3-4. Under the action of external shear force, they further dissipate energy through elastic deformation and enhance the vibration resistance of the overall system.

[0107] The fixed base 3-3-3 is used for fixed connection with the track structure or other modular components, while the high-strength screws 3-3-5 are used for rigid connection between the components to ensure the overall structural integrity of the module.

[0108] Furthermore, in this embodiment, there are four passive vibration control units 3-2 and four connecting and fixing elements 3-1. The passive vibration control units 3-2 are connected to two connecting and fixing elements 3-1 on both sides by several shear resistance elements 3-3.

[0109] Four passive vibration control units 3-2 are connected to four connecting and fixing elements 3-1 in a mutually perpendicular spatial arrangement, forming an overall modular structure and a composite unit with the synergistic effect of flexible material vibration reduction and rigid material vibration isolation, namely the passive vibration control module 3.

[0110] In this embodiment, the passive vibration control module 3 effectively disperses, isolates, and absorbs vibration energy through a rigid-flexible structural design in the vibration transmission path, significantly improving the structural stability and safety performance of the track system under external disturbances such as seismic waves and train running loads.

[0111] Specifically, such as Figure 6 As shown, the top cover module 5 includes: a rubber cover plate 5-1, an optical fiber displacement monitoring element 5-2, and a piezoelectric conversion circuit 5-3.

[0112] The top cover module 5 is located above the passive vibration control module 3, at the top of the entire vibration control structure. It is used to protect key internal components, improve the connection performance with the track, and realize the sensing of system operating status and energy recovery functions.

[0113] Among them, the rubber cover plate 5-1 is made of high elastic rubber material, which has excellent wear resistance, waterproof and cushioning performance. It is set on the outermost layer of the module to cover and protect the internal structure of the entire vibration control system, avoid damage caused by external mechanical impact, water vapor, dust and other factors, and can achieve structural integration by tightly fitting with the bottom of the track.

[0114] The fiber optic displacement monitoring element 5-2 is embedded in the surface or inside of the rubber cover plate 5-1. It adopts fiber optic grating (FBG) sensing technology and can perform high-sensitivity real-time monitoring of minute track displacements caused by train operation.

[0115] In this embodiment, the fiber optic displacement monitoring element 5-2 senses minute strains by changing the wavelength of the optical signal, perceives track vibration in real time, and feeds the displacement data back to the control system. The control system analyzes the vibration spectrum and amplitude characteristics and adjusts the stiffness and damping parameters of the vibration control system to effectively reduce the vibration amplitude of the train track. At the same time, its flexible embedded design ensures compatibility with rubber materials and does not affect the overall surface performance.

[0116] Furthermore, such as Figure 7 As shown, the piezoelectric conversion circuit 5-3 includes: a piezoelectric conversion element 5-3-1, a silicone buffer layer between piezoelectric elements 5-3-2, an energy harvesting circuit 5-3-3, an energy harvesting backup circuit 5-3-4, a voltmeter 5-3-5, a switch 5-3-6, an aluminum-plastic composite film 5-3-7, a multi-channel signal aggregation module 5-3-8, and a parallel rectifier circuit 5-3-9.

[0117] In this embodiment, the piezoelectric conversion circuit 5-3 is used to capture the mechanical energy generated by the entire vibration control structure during vibration and convert it into electrical energy to replenish the energy of the monitoring unit or control system, thereby achieving partial energy recovery.

[0118] Among them, the piezoelectric conversion element 5-3-1 uses piezoelectric ceramic sheets embedded in the rubber cover plate 5-1 in a hexagonal sheet structure combination. The sheet electrode surface is arranged parallel to the track plane. Through the hexagonal honeycomb array layout, the conversion surface area can be significantly increased, effectively capturing the track vibration energy in the 1-100Hz frequency band.

[0119] Preferably, in this embodiment, a PZT-5H piezoelectric ceramic sheet in d33 mode is used.

[0120] Preferably, adjacent piezoelectric ceramic sheets are interconnected by laser welding with 0.3mm silicone-coated silver wires. The welding points are encapsulated with polyurethane. After vibration testing (EN 61373) verifies that the conductivity stability is >99.5%, the sheets are put into engineering use.

[0121] A silicone buffer layer 5-3-2 is used to fill the gap between adjacent piezoelectric ceramic sheets. It is made of Shore A50 hardness silicone material and is formed by vacuum injection molding, which effectively reduces mechanical crosstalk.

[0122] The energy harvesting circuit 5-3-3 is used as the main circuit and is configured in parallel. Multiple parallel circuits reduce the load on individual circuits, decrease the risk of single-point failures, and allow for flexible configuration and adjustment to meet energy conversion requirements under different vibration conditions.

[0123] The energy harvesting backup circuit 5-3-4 provides dual protection. When the main circuit voltage is less than a certain value, it automatically switches to the energy harvesting backup circuit 5-3-4 via switch 5-3-6.

[0124] The voltmeter 5-3-5 uses the INA219 high-precision differential detection chip (error ±0.1%) to monitor the voltage status of the energy storage unit (including the energy harvesting circuit 5-3-3 and the energy harvesting backup circuit 5-3-4) in real time and transmit it to the multi-channel signal aggregation module.

[0125] The aluminum-plastic composite film 5-3-7 uses a 0.2mm aluminum-plastic composite vacuum sealing layer, which has been verified by 5000 hours of damp heat aging (standard IEC 60068-2-78) and has a protection level of IP68.

[0126] The multi-signal aggregation module 5-3-8 incorporates the FFT+LMS algorithm to perform vibration spectrum analysis, supports local storage of fault codes in the FRAM chip, and integrates RS-485 / NB-IoT dual-mode communication.

[0127] The energy harvesting circuit 5-3-3 and the energy harvesting backup circuit 5-3-4 are connected to the parallel rectifier circuit 5-3-9 through the multi-channel signal aggregation module 5-3-8.

[0128] Preferably, in this embodiment, the parallel rectifier circuit 5-3-9 uses a dual-channel SiC Schottky diode (C3D06060A) full-bridge architecture with a built-in filter capacitor to convert the AC power generated by the piezoelectric element into DC power.

[0129] Example 2

[0130] A method for assembling the integrated composite isolation wall of the present invention, which combines active isolation, passive attenuation, and energy recovery, at a construction site is provided, specifically including the following steps:

[0131] Step 1: Basic preparation: Reserve installation space and connecting bolt holes on the track foundation structure to ensure that the size of each module is compatible with the track structure; clean the installation area, keep it dry and clean, and ensure that the contact interface is free of impurities and oil stains.

[0132] Step 2: Install bottom support element 4: Position the bottom support element 4 in the predetermined position and connect and fix it to the track foundation with high-strength anchor bolts to ensure that the overall structure has good load-bearing stability and installation plane accuracy.

[0133] Step 3: Install the passive vibration control module 3: Place the pre-assembled passive vibration control module 3 on top of the bottom support element 4, and connect the connecting and fixing element 3-1 to the bottom support element 4 using threaded connectors. Adjust the posture of the passive vibration control module 3 to ensure horizontal stability. If necessary, shims can be used for fine-tuning.

[0134] Step 4: Install magnetorheological damping unit 1: Install magnetorheological damping unit 1 on the top of passive vibration control module 3, screw it to the upper surface of passive vibration control module 3 through L-shaped connecting part 1-3, connect it to piston rod 1-6 through square connecting part 1-5, and rigidly connect the damper to the structural system through fixing components.

[0135] Step 5: Install the linear motor displacement control unit 2: Arrange the linear motor displacement control unit 2 adjacent to the magnetorheological damping unit 1. Its upper surface is connected to the passive vibration control module 3, and its lower surface is connected to the roller track 2-5 through the roller 2-4 to achieve smooth linear motion. It is connected to the control system through the data communication interface 2-3.

[0136] Step 6: Install the top cover module 5: Cover the top of the entire vibration control structure with the rubber cover plate 5-1, and attach it to the track structure with the elastic clamp. The fiber optic displacement monitoring element 5-2 and the piezoelectric conversion circuit 5-3 are embedded into the surface of the rubber cover plate 5-1 and the data and power supply connections are completed.

[0137] Step 7: Connect the vibration control structures: By connecting the locking buckle 6, extend the length of the bottom support element 4 and the rubber cover plate 5-1 in the track running direction to form an integrated composite isolation wall;

[0138] Step 8, System Integration and Calibration: Perform power-on tests on electromagnetic coils 1-2, displacement control linear motor components 2-1, and fiber optic displacement monitoring components 5-2 to ensure stable signal output and good magnetic field response.

[0139] The installed integrated composite isolation wall can adjust the stiffness and damping parameters of the vibration control system according to the dynamic response of the train track, thereby effectively reducing the vibration amplitude of the train track.

[0140] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated composite isolation wall combining active isolation, passive attenuation, and energy recovery, characterized in that: It is formed by connecting several sets of vibration control structures, and suppresses train track vibration by constructing a multi-level vibration control system that coordinates active and passive vibration. Each vibration control structure includes: a magnetorheological damping unit (1), a linear motor displacement control unit (2), a passive vibration control module (3), a bottom support element (4), and a top cover module (5). The magnetorheological damping unit (1) and the linear motor displacement control unit (2) are used for active vibration regulation; The magnetorheological damping unit (1) is arranged on the side of the passive vibration control module (3), connected to the passive vibration control module (3), and based on the characteristics of the magnetorheological fluid (1-7) changing the flow resistance under the action of electromagnetic field, it provides variable damping force and dynamically adjusts vibration suppression under different working conditions. The linear motor displacement control unit (2) is arranged adjacent to the magnetorheological damping unit (1). Its upper surface is connected to the passive vibration control module (3), and its lower surface is connected to the roller track (2-5) through the roller (2-4). The roller track (2-5) is driven by electromagnetic force to precisely adjust its displacement, compensate for external disturbances, and realize active vibration control. The passive vibration control module (3) is located above the linear motor displacement control unit (2) and connected to the bottom support element (4). It performs passive vibration control through vibration reduction by flexible materials and vibration isolation by rigid materials. The roller track (2-5) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the bottom support element (4), and the bottom support element (4) is fixedly connected to the track foundation; The top cover module (5) is set on the top of the vibration control structure and is closely connected to the train track. Vibration monitoring and vibration energy conversion are performed through the fiber optic displacement monitoring element (5-2) and the piezoelectric conversion circuit (5-3). The passive vibration control module (3) includes: a passive vibration control unit (3-2), a shear resistance element (3-3), and a connecting and fixing element (3-1). There are four passive vibration control units (3-2), which are connected to four connecting and fixing elements (3-1) in a mutually perpendicular spatial arrangement to form an overall passive vibration control module (3). Each passive vibration control unit (3-2) is connected to two connecting and fixing elements (3-1) on both sides by several shear resistance elements (3-3) to provide additional shear strength and auxiliary vibration absorption; Each passive vibration control unit (3-2) includes: a rigid vibration isolation element (3-2-1) and a flexible embedded vibration damping element (3-2-2). The rigid vibration isolation element (3-2-1) is a hollow cuboid structure made of high-rigidity material, which provides structural support and isolates external impacts; The flexible embedded vibration damping element (3-2-2) is filled inside the rigid vibration isolation element (3-2-1) and is made of high-damping elastic material. Under the action of vibration load, it undergoes controllable deformation to isolate and attenuate vibration.

2. The integrated composite isolation wall with active isolation, passive attenuation, and energy recovery as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetorheological damping unit (1) includes: a working cylinder (1-1), an electromagnetic coil (1-2), a connecting component, a piston (1-4), a piston rod (1-6), a magnetorheological fluid (1-7), and a protective cylinder (1-8). The working cylinder (1-1) is made of stainless steel and has a hollow cuboid structure; The piston (1-4) is placed inside the working cylinder (1-1) and slides along the axial direction of the working cylinder (1-1), dividing the internal space of the working cylinder (1-1) into two independent working chambers, upper and lower. The electromagnetic coil (1-2) is located outside the piston (1-4) and is sealed with rubber. It is used to generate an adjustable magnetic field under the control current input to excite the magnetorheological fluid (1-7) to respond. The magnetorheological fluid (1-7) is formed by dispersing nano-iron particles in mineral oil and filling the channel between the upper and lower working chambers to connect the two working chambers. The piston rod (1-6) is made of alloy and is connected to the upper part of the piston (1-4) by threads.

3. The integrated composite isolation wall with active isolation, passive attenuation, and energy recovery as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The connecting components include: L-shaped connecting components (1-3) and square connecting components (1-5). The L-shaped connecting component (1-3) is used to fix the working cylinder (1-1), and its end is connected to the passive vibration control module (3) by screws; One end of the square connecting component (1-5) is welded to the piston rod (1-6), and the other end is connected to the passive vibration control module (3) by screws; The protective cylinder (1-8) is made of high temperature and corrosion resistant material and is wrapped around the outer layer of the magnetorheological damping unit (1).

4. The integrated composite isolation wall with active isolation, passive attenuation, and energy recovery as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The linear motor displacement control unit (2) includes: a displacement control linear motor element (2-1), a displacement sensor (2-2), a data communication interface (2-3), a roller (2-4), and a roller track (2-5). The upper surface of the displacement control linear motor element (2-1) is connected to the passive vibration control module (3), and the lower surface is slidably connected to the roller track (2-5) via roller (2-4) to generate linear driving force. Based on the principle of electromagnetic force, it outputs linear motion along a fixed direction to drive the overall structure to make precise displacement. The displacement sensor (2-2) is installed inside or outside the displacement control linear motor element (2-1) to acquire displacement status information in real time and feed it back to the control system through the data communication interface (2-3); The rollers (2-4) are made of high-strength alloy material and are driven by a roller control motor to make precise displacement adjustments along the roller track (2-5).

5. The integrated composite isolation wall with active isolation, passive attenuation, and energy recovery as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The shear resistance element (3-3) includes: an outer compression spring (3-3-1), an inner compression spring (3-3-2), a fixed base (3-3-3), an anti-shear element (3-3-4), and a high-strength screw (3-3-5). The outer compression spring (3-3-1) and the inner compression spring (3-3-2) are respectively disposed on both sides of the shear-resistant element (3-3-4), and dissipate energy through elastic deformation under the action of external shear force; The fixed base (3-3-3) is connected to the shear-resistant element (3-3-4) on one side by a high-strength screw (3-3-5), and is fixedly connected to the connecting and fixing element (3-1) on the other side.

6. The integrated composite isolation wall with active isolation, passive attenuation, and energy recovery as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The top cover module (5) includes: a rubber cover plate (5-1), an optical fiber displacement monitoring element (5-2), and a piezoelectric conversion circuit (5-3); The rubber cover (5-1) is made of highly elastic rubber material, which protects and covers the entire vibration control structure and fits tightly against the bottom of the track; The fiber optic displacement monitoring element (5-2) is embedded in the surface of the rubber cover plate (5-1). It uses the fiber optic grating sensing method to sense the deformation and displacement of the track in real time and transmits the data to the control system for real-time monitoring and early warning of the train track status. The piezoelectric conversion circuit (5-3) adopts a sheet structure and is embedded in the middle of the rubber cover plate (5-1) to collect and transmit the generated charge, and convert vibration energy into electrical energy through the piezoelectric effect.

7. The integrated composite isolation wall with active isolation, passive attenuation, and energy recovery as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The piezoelectric conversion circuit (5-3) includes: a piezoelectric conversion element (5-3-1), a silicone buffer layer between piezoelectric elements (5-3-2), an energy harvesting circuit (5-3-3), an energy harvesting backup circuit (5-3-4), a voltmeter (5-3-5), a switch (5-3-6), an aluminum-plastic composite film (5-3-7), a multi-channel signal aggregation module (5-3-8), and a parallel rectifier circuit (5-3-9); The piezoelectric conversion element (5-3-1) uses several hexagonal sheet-like piezoelectric ceramic sheets, which are embedded in the rubber cover plate (5-1) in a honeycomb array. The sheet-like electrode surfaces are arranged parallel to the track plane, and adjacent piezoelectric ceramic sheets are interconnected by laser welding with silicone-coated silver wires. The welding points are encapsulated with polyurethane. The silicone buffer layer (5-3-2) between the piezoelectric elements is formed by vacuum injection molding and fills the gap between adjacent piezoelectric ceramic sheets; The energy harvesting circuit (5-3-3) and the backup energy harvesting circuit (5-3-4) are connected in parallel and automatically switched by a switch (5-3-6). The voltage status of the energy harvesting circuit (5-3-3) and the backup energy harvesting circuit (5-3-4) is monitored in real time by a voltmeter (5-3-5) and transmitted to the multi-channel signal aggregation module (5-3-8). The multi-channel signal aggregation module (5-3-8) is connected to the parallel rectifier circuit (5-3-9) and is used to convert the alternating current generated by the piezoelectric conversion element (5-3-1) into direct current. The aluminum-plastic composite film (5-3-7) is a 0.2mm aluminum-plastic composite vacuum encapsulation layer, covering the surface of the piezoelectric conversion element (5-3-1); The multi-channel signal aggregation module (5-3-8) incorporates an FFT+LMS algorithm for vibration spectrum analysis, stores fault codes locally via an FRAM chip, and integrates RS-485 / NB-IoT dual-mode communication.

8. The integrated composite isolation wall with active isolation, passive attenuation, and energy recovery as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a connecting latch (6) for extending the length of the bottom support element (4) and the rubber cover plate (5-1) in the track running direction, connecting each group of vibration control structures to form an integrated composite isolation wall; The bottom support element (4) is an integrally formed rectangular structure used to provide stable support and structural expansion.

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