High-strength wear-resistant copper-based self-lubricating composite material in wide temperature range and application
By combining a Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo alloy matrix with graphite and nano-ZrO2 particles to form a copper-based self-lubricating composite material, and using spark plasma sintering technology, the strength and wear resistance problems of copper-based composite materials under harsh working conditions have been solved, achieving excellent tribological performance over a wide temperature range. This material is suitable for components such as high-temperature bearings and seals.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511043824.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing copper-based composite materials struggle to achieve medium-to-high strength and high wear resistance under harsh conditions such as oil-free lubrication, high speed, and high load, and their friction and wear performance is insufficient at medium-to-high temperatures.
Using Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo alloy as the matrix, graphite and nano ZrO2 particles were added, and copper-based self-lubricating composite materials were prepared by spark plasma sintering technology. Combined with aging treatment, a Mo-rich phase and a mixed lubricating film were formed to improve the hardness and self-lubricating properties of the material.
It exhibits medium-to-high hardness, medium-to-high strength, and high resistance to plastic deformation over a wide temperature range, and possesses excellent wear resistance. It is suitable for components such as high-temperature sliding bearings, aerospace seals, and heavy-duty mechanical guide rails, significantly improving equipment reliability and service life.
Smart Images
Figure CN120905557A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of copper-based self-lubricating composite materials, and particularly relates to a copper-based self-lubricating composite material with high strength and wear resistance in a wide temperature range and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND
[0002] A new type of Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo-graphite-ZrO2 self-lubricating composite material with high hardness, high strength and wear resistance in a wide temperature range is developed, which is an effective way to solve the problems of easy wear, short service life and low reliability of sliding bearings, sealing elements and other components under extreme working conditions of high temperature, high load and oil-free lubrication.
[0003] Copper-based composites are widely used due to their excellent mechanical properties and good electrical and thermal conductivity. Under harsh conditions such as dry sliding, high speed and heavy load, a large amount of heat will be generated on the worn surface. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the high-temperature tribological properties of copper-based composites. Graphite, as a solid lubricant with layered structure, is often added to copper-based friction materials, which can form a smooth and dense lubricating film rich in graphite on the worn surface, reducing the friction coefficient and wear during sliding. Copper-based graphite self-lubricating composite material, as a typical copper-based composite material, is widely used in high-speed railway, mechanical system, rotary bearing and other oil-free harsh conditions due to its stable friction coefficient, excellent wear resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and thermal stability. However, with the increase of graphite content, the mechanical properties of copper-graphite composites often deteriorate, which has always been a major problem for researchers and has seriously limited the application of copper-graphite composites. Using Cu-Ni-Sn alloy as the metal matrix of the composite material can effectively alleviate this problem.
[0004] Cu-Ni-Sn alloy is an alloy with excellent high electrical and thermal conductivity, high strength, good thermal stability, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and is also the best substitute for toxic and high-cost Cu-Be alloy. Cu-Ni-Sn alloy, as a typical age hardening alloy, can improve its hardness and strength through spinodal decomposition strengthening mechanism, and can also adjust its microstructure and properties by adding trace elements, heat treatment and plastic deformation. Adding a small amount of Mo element can significantly improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-Ni-Sn alloy. In addition, Cu-Ni-Sn alloy also has high wear resistance, low friction coefficient and good corrosion resistance, and is widely used in aerospace industry, electronic industry and other fields, especially in bearings, bushings, propellers and impellers. Therefore, using Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo alloy as the alloy matrix of the self-lubricating composite material can further improve the mechanical properties of the composite material.
[0005] In the copper-graphite composite material, the nanoparticles are added to further improve the comprehensive performance of the composite material by dispersion strengthening. Nano-zirconium oxide has high melting point, high hardness, excellent wear resistance, good chemical stability and strong corrosion resistance, and is widely used in refractory materials, adsorbent materials, medical treatment and other fields. The composite material added with graphite and nano-zirconium oxide (ZrO2) particles has excellent wear resistance under different loads and different speeds.
[0006] Discharge plasma sintering (SPS) technology is a new powder metallurgy sintering technology with broad application prospect in recent years. The sample powder is heated and pressed by high-frequency high-voltage pulse current generated by pulse power source to perform sintering, which has the advantages of fast sintering speed, high sample density, simple and efficient, energy saving and environmental protection.
[0007] At present, the general problem of copper-based composite material is: how to develop a copper-based composite material with medium-high strength and high wear resistance under harsh conditions such as oil-free lubrication, high speed and high load, and the copper-based composite material has good friction and wear performance at medium-high temperature. Therefore, the present application provides a copper-based self-lubricating composite material with medium-high strength and wide temperature range wear resistance. SUMMARY
[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a copper-based self-lubricating composite material with medium-high strength and wide temperature range wear resistance, and its preparation method and application, which can be used for preparing high-temperature sliding bearing, aerospace sealing element and heavy-load mechanical guide rail, and has medium-high strength and good friction and wear performance at medium-high temperature.
[0009] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is: a copper-based self-lubricating composite material with medium-high strength and wide temperature range wear resistance is made of the following mass fractions of raw materials: Ni powder 11.56% to 12.13%, Sn powder 4.63% to 4.85%, Mo powder 0.92% to 0.97%, graphite powder 3% to 7%, nano-ZrO2 powder 0 to 0.5%, and the balance is Cu. The present application also provides a method for the copper-based self-lubricating composite material with medium-high strength and wide temperature range wear resistance, which is: S1, mechanically mixing Cu powder, Ni powder, Sn powder, Mo powder, graphite powder and nano-ZrO2 powder to obtain mixed powder; S2, the mixed powder obtained in S1 is loaded into a graphite mold lined with graphite paper, and is hot-pressed and sintered in a discharge plasma rapid hot-pressing sintering equipment under the conditions of a temperature of 850 DEG C to 880 DEG C and a sintering pressure of 15 MPa to 30 MPa for 20 min to 40 min, and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a preform; S3, aging the preform obtained in S2 at a temperature of 350-450 DEG C for 180-260 min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a copper-based self-lubricating composite material with wide temperature range, high strength and wear resistance.
[0010] Preferably, the mechanical mixing in S1 is performed for 4-6 h.
[0011] Preferably, the copper-based self-lubricating composite material with wide temperature range, high strength and wear resistance in S3 has a Brinell hardness of 170-228 HB, a yield strength of 330-424 MPa, a wear rate of 0.09 10 -5 mm 3 / Nm at room temperature, a wear rate of 1.83 10 -5 mm 3 / Nm at 300 DEG C, a wear rate of 4.73 10 -5 mm 3 / Nm at 500 DEG C, and a wear rate of 4.73 10 -5 mm 3 / Nm at 500 DEG C, and a wear rate of 4.73 10 -5 mm 3 / Nm at 500 DEG C, and a wear rate of 4.73 10 -5 mm 3 / Nm.
[0012] The application also provides a use of the copper-based self-lubricating composite material with wide temperature range, high strength and wear resistance prepared by the above method, and the copper-based self-lubricating composite material is used for preparing high-temperature sliding bearings, aerospace sealing elements, and heavy-load mechanical guide rails.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages: 1. The copper-based self-lubricating composite material with high strength and wear resistance over a wide temperature range prepared in this invention comprises a Cu-Ni-Sn alloy matrix composed of three metallic elements: Cu, Ni, and Sn. Mo, an element that enhances the age-hardening effect or mechanical properties of the Cu-Ni-Sn alloy, is also added. The addition of trace amounts of Mo to the Cu-Ni-Sn matrix alloy results in a Mo-rich phase that significantly refines the alloy grains and inhibits the formation of discontinuous precipitates, thereby significantly improving the mechanical properties, resistance to plastic deformation, and tribological wear resistance of the alloy matrix. The Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo-graphite self-lubricating composite material with added graphite exhibits excellent self-lubricating and wear resistance over a relatively wide temperature range. At room temperature, the Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo-graphite self-lubricating composite material forms a graphite lubricating film on the wear surface, providing good lubrication. At high temperatures, a mixed lubricating film composed of graphite and metal oxides such as Cu2O, CuO, and NiO forms on the low-temperature wear surface of the composite material, significantly improving the tribological wear resistance of the composite material. Building upon this foundation, the addition of ZrO2 to the Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo-graphite-ZrO2 self-lubricating composite material further enhances the composite's hardness, yield strength, and friction and wear resistance, while also exhibiting good density. The synergistic effect of ZrO2 and graphite over a wide temperature range forms a mixed lubricating film of ZrO2, graphite, and metal oxides on the worn surface, providing excellent self-lubricating properties. Therefore, the high-strength, wear-resistant copper-based self-lubricating composite material of this invention exhibits excellent medium-to-high hardness, medium-to-high strength, high resistance to plastic deformation, and good wear resistance over a wide temperature range, making it suitable for applications in bearings, sleeves, and pantograph sliders in aerospace, marine engineering, and transportation fields.
[0014] 2. The addition of Mo in this invention can refine the grain structure, strengthen precipitation, and suppress discontinuous precipitation, thereby improving the hardness, strength, and wear resistance of the composite material. The addition of graphite and ZrO2 significantly improves the self-lubricating ability of the composite material in the medium- and high-temperature range, and also meets the requirements for lightweight design. Therefore, the wide-temperature-range, high-strength, wear-resistant copper-based self-lubricating composite material of this invention not only possesses excellent mechanical properties and friction and wear resistance, but also achieves self-lubricating function under extreme working conditions. This characteristic makes it widely applicable in key components such as bearings, guide rails, and seals, significantly improving equipment reliability and service life, and reducing maintenance costs.
[0015] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a FESEM image of the microstructure of the copper-based composite material (Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo copper alloy material) prepared in Comparative Example 1 of this invention.
[0017] Figure 2 SEM image of the surface microstructure of the wide-temperature-range high-strength wear-resistant copper-based composite material (Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo-graphite-ZrO2 self-lubricating composite material) prepared in Example 5 of the present application.
[0018] Figure 3 Typical SEM images of the wear scar surface of the wide-temperature-range high-strength wear-resistant copper-based composite material (Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo-graphite-ZrO2 self-lubricating composite material) prepared in Example 5 of the present application at different temperatures.
[0019] wherein Figure 3 (a) is the wear surface of the composite material at room temperature (RT) ; Figure 3 (b) is the wear surface of the composite material at 300°C; Figure 3 (c) is the wear surface of the composite material at 500°C. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Example 1
[0020] The wide-temperature-range high-strength wear-resistant copper-based self-lubricating composite material of the present example is made from the following raw materials by mass fraction: Ni powder 12.13%, Sn powder 4.85%, Mo powder 0.97%, graphite powder 3%, and the balance being Cu.
[0021] The present example also provides a method for the above-mentioned wide-temperature-range high-strength wear-resistant copper-based self-lubricating composite material, which comprises the following steps: S1, mechanically mixing Cu powder, Ni powder, Sn powder, Mo powder and graphite powder for 4 h to obtain a mixed powder; S2, loading the mixed powder obtained in S1 into a graphite mold lined with graphite paper, and hot-pressing sintering in a spark plasma sintering (SPS) rapid hot-pressing sintering equipment at a temperature of 870°C and a sintering pressure of 15 MPa for 35 min, and naturally cooling to room temperature (25°C) to obtain a preform; The spark plasma sintering (SPS) rapid hot-pressing sintering equipment is commercially available and purchased from Shanghai Chenhua Furnace Co., Ltd.; S3, aging the preform obtained in S2 at a temperature of 390°C for 250 min, and naturally cooling to room temperature (25°C) to obtain a wide-temperature-range high-strength wear-resistant copper-based self-lubricating composite material, which is a Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo-graphite self-lubricating composite material. Example 2
[0022] The copper-based self-lubricating composite material with high strength and wear resistance in wide temperature range of the embodiment is made of raw materials with the following mass fractions: Cu powder 83.67%, Ni powder 11.88%, Sn powder 4.75%, Mo powder 0.95%, graphite powder 5%, and the balance being Cu.
[0023] The embodiment also provides a method for preparing the copper-based self-lubricating composite material with high strength and wear resistance in wide temperature range. S1, mechanically mixing Cu powder, Ni powder, Sn powder, Mo powder and graphite powder for 5 h to obtain mixed powder; S2, loading the mixed powder obtained in S1 into a graphite mold lined with graphite paper, and performing hot-pressing sintering in a spark plasma sintering (SPS) rapid hot-pressing sintering device under the conditions of a temperature of 850 DEG C and a sintering pressure of 25 MPa for 30 min, and naturally cooling to room temperature (25 DEG C) to obtain a preform; The spark plasma sintering (SPS) rapid hot-pressing sintering device is commercially available and purchased from Shanghai Chenhua Furnace Co., Ltd. S3, performing aging treatment on the preform obtained in S2 at a temperature of 400 DEG C for 240 min, and naturally cooling to room temperature (25 DEG C) to obtain the copper-based self-lubricating composite material with high strength and wear resistance in wide temperature range, namely, a Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo-graphite self-lubricating composite material. Embodiment 3
[0024] The copper-based self-lubricating composite material with high strength and wear resistance in wide temperature range of the embodiment is made of raw materials with the following mass fractions: Cu powder 83.67%, Ni powder 11.88%, Sn powder 4.75%, Mo powder 0.95%, graphite powder 5%, and the balance being Cu.
[0025] The embodiment also provides a method for preparing the copper-based self-lubricating composite material with high strength and wear resistance in wide temperature range. S1, mechanically mixing Cu powder, Ni powder, Sn powder, Mo powder and graphite powder for 5 h to obtain mixed powder; S2, loading the mixed powder obtained in S1 into a graphite mold lined with graphite paper, and performing hot-pressing sintering in a spark plasma sintering (SPS) rapid hot-pressing sintering device under the conditions of a temperature of 850 DEG C and a sintering pressure of 25 MPa for 30 min, and naturally cooling to room temperature (25 DEG C) to obtain a preform; The spark plasma sintering (SPS) rapid hot-pressing sintering device is commercially available and purchased from Shanghai Chenhua Furnace Co., Ltd. S3, the preform obtained in S2 is subjected to aging treatment at a temperature of 400℃ for 240 min, and after natural cooling to room temperature (25℃), a copper-based self-lubricating composite material with high strength and wear resistance in a wide temperature range, i.e., a Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo-graphite self-lubricating composite material, is obtained.
[0026] Example 4 The copper-based self-lubricating composite material with high strength and wear resistance in a wide temperature range of the present example is made of raw materials with the following mass fractions: Ni powder 11.59%, Sn powder 4.64%, Mo powder 0.93%, graphite powder 7%, nano-ZrO2 powder 0.3%, and the balance being Cu.
[0027] The present example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned copper-based self-lubricating composite material with high strength and wear resistance in a wide temperature range, which comprises the following steps: S1, mechanically mixing Cu powder, Ni powder, Sn powder, Mo powder, graphite powder and nano-ZrO2 powder for 5 h to obtain mixed powder; S2, loading the mixed powder obtained in S1 into a graphite mold lined with graphite paper, and subjecting to hot-press sintering in a spark plasma sintering (SPS) rapid hot-press sintering equipment at a temperature of 870℃ and a sintering pressure of 30 MPa for 40 min, and after natural cooling to room temperature (25℃), a preform is obtained; The spark plasma sintering (SPS) rapid hot-press sintering equipment is commercially available and purchased from Shanghai Chenhua Furnace Co., Ltd.; S3, subjecting the preform obtained in S2 to aging treatment at a temperature of 350℃ for 260 min, and after natural cooling to room temperature (25℃), a copper-based self-lubricating composite material with high strength and wear resistance in a wide temperature range, i.e., a Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo-graphite-ZrO2 self-lubricating composite material, is obtained. Example 5
[0028] The copper-based self-lubricating composite material with high strength and wear resistance in a wide temperature range of the present example is made of raw materials with the following mass fractions: Ni powder 11.56%, Sn powder 4.63%, Mo powder 0.92%, graphite powder 7%, nano-ZrO2 powder 0.5%, and the balance being Cu.
[0029] The present example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned copper-based self-lubricating composite material with high strength and wear resistance in a wide temperature range, which comprises the following steps: S1, mechanically mixing Cu powder, Ni powder, Sn powder, Mo powder, graphite powder and nano-ZrO2 powder for 6 h to obtain mixed powder; S2, the mixed powder obtained in S1 was loaded into a graphite mold lined with graphite paper, and was hot-pressed and sintered in a spark plasma sintering (SPS) rapid hot-pressing and sintering device at a temperature of 880 DEG C and a sintering pressure of 30 MPa for 20 min, and was naturally cooled to room temperature (25 DEG C) to obtain a preform; The spark plasma sintering (SPS) rapid hot-pressing and sintering device was purchased from Shanghai Chenhua Furnace Co., Ltd. S3, the preform obtained in S2 was aged at a temperature of 450 DEG C for 180 min, and was naturally cooled to room temperature (25 DEG C) to obtain a copper-based self-lubricating composite material with wide temperature range, high strength and wear resistance, i.e., a Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo-graphite-ZrO2 self-lubricating composite material.
[0030] Comparative Example 1 The copper-based alloy material (Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo copper alloy material) of the present comparative example was prepared from raw materials with the following mass fractions: Ni powder 12.5%, Sn powder 5%, Mo powder 1.0%, and the balance being Cu.
[0031] The present comparative example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned copper-based composite material, which comprises the following steps: S1, Cu powder, Ni powder, Sn powder and Mo powder were mechanically mixed for 5 h to obtain a mixed powder; S2, the mixed powder obtained in S1 was loaded into a graphite mold lined with graphite paper, and was hot-pressed and sintered in a spark plasma sintering (SPS) rapid hot-pressing and sintering device at a temperature of 880 DEG C and a sintering pressure of 30 MPa for 20 min, and was naturally cooled to room temperature (25 DEG C) to obtain a preform; The spark plasma sintering (SPS) rapid hot-pressing and sintering device was purchased from Shanghai Chenhua Furnace Co., Ltd. S3, the preform obtained in S2 was aged at a temperature of 450 DEG C for 180 min, and was naturally cooled to room temperature (25 DEG C) to obtain a copper-based self-lubricating composite material with wide temperature range, high strength and wear resistance, i.e., a Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo-graphite-ZrO2 self-lubricating composite material.
[0032] The physical properties and mechanical properties of the copper-based composite materials prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-5 were tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1. The specific test methods are as follows: the density of the material after SPS sintering was measured by the Archimedes drainage method; the Brinell hardness of the alloy and the composite material was tested on a HBS-3000 touch screen Brinell hardness tester according to the method in GB / T 231.4-2009 / ISO 6506-4:2005, and the load applied during testing was 187.5 kgf, the holding time was 30 s, and the indenter diameter was 2.5 mm; the yield strength of the alloy and the composite material was tested by a UTM5205 electronic universal testing machine according to GB / T 7314-2005 Metal Material Room Temperature Compression Test Method, and the compression rate was 0.1 mm / min; the friction and wear test of the alloy and the composite material at room temperature and high temperature was tested by a HT-1000 ball-on-disc high temperature friction and wear tester, and the disc sample was the sample to be tested, and the counter ball sample was a commercial Si3N4 ceramic ball with a diameter of 6 mm. The conditions of the friction and wear test were as follows: the load was 5 N, the rotation radius was 4 mm, the motor frequency was 9.56 Hz, the sliding time was 30 min, and the test temperature was room temperature, 300°C and 500°C.
[0033] Table 1 Physical properties of copper-based composite materials prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-5
[0034] Table 2 Friction and wear properties of copper-based composite materials prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-5
[0035] It can be seen from Tables 1 and 2 that the copper-based composite material (Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo copper alloy material) prepared in Comparative Example 1 has high hardness and strength, and has good wear resistance and plastic deformation resistance in the application of parts. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the density of the copper-based composite material prepared in Examples 1-3 decreases with the addition of graphite, and the hardness and yield strength also decrease, but the friction and wear properties of the material in the range of room temperature to 500°C are significantly improved. It is found that the addition of nano ZrO2 in the copper-based composite materials prepared in Examples 4-5 improves the hardness and yield strength of the composite material, and further optimizes the friction and wear properties thereof, especially the wear resistance of Example 5 at 500°C is significantly enhanced, and the wear rate is as low as 4.73 10 -5 mm 3 / N·m. Therefore, the Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo-graphite-ZrO2 self-lubricating composite material with medium-high strength wear resistance in a wide temperature range provided by the present application can be used in the fields of high-temperature sliding bearings, aerospace seals, heavy-load mechanical guide rails, etc.
[0036] Figure 1 FESEM image of the micro-morphology of the copper-based alloy material (Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo copper alloy material) prepared in Comparative Example 1. From the image, it can be seen that the alloy grains are fine and the grain size is relatively uniform. The addition of Mo has a significant grain refinement effect on the Cu-Ni-Sn alloy, which helps to improve the mechanical properties. In addition, the alloy has a high degree of compactness, and Table 1 also shows that the Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo copper alloy material of Comparative Example 1 has excellent mechanical properties and plastic deformation resistance, which indicates that the Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo copper alloy prepared by SPS technology as a matrix material for composite materials has significant advantages.
[0037] Figure 2 SEM image of the micro-morphology of the copper-based composite material (Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo-graphite-ZrO2 self-lubricating composite material) prepared in Example 5. From the image, it can be seen that the graphite phase and ZrO2 phase in the copper-based composite material are relatively uniformly dispersed in the composite material matrix, and there are no obvious pores, indicating that the copper-based composite material prepared by SPS technology is relatively dense. The addition of graphite reduces the hardness and yield strength of the composite material to some extent, but significantly improves the friction and wear properties of the composite material at room temperature to 500°C, and the friction coefficient and wear rate are significantly reduced. The addition of ZrO2 not only improves the hardness and yield strength of the composite material, but also further improves the friction and wear properties of the composite material at room temperature to 500°C. Figure 2
[0038] Figure 3 Typical SEM images of the wear surface of the copper-based composite material (Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo-graphite-ZrO2 self-lubricating composite material) prepared in Example 5 at different temperatures. Among them Figure 3 (a) is the wear surface of the composite material at room temperature (RT); Figure 3 (b) is the wear surface of the composite material at 300°C; Figure 3 (c) is the wear surface of the composite material at 500°C. From Figure 3 it can be seen that as the temperature increases from room temperature (RT) to 500°C, the width of the wear scar gradually increases. However, at room temperature (RT) to 500°C, the wear surface of the wear scar area of the composite material all shows a relatively smooth feature. This indicates that during the friction process, a smooth and dense lubricating film is formed on the wear surface of the composite material, which makes the copper-based composite material have excellent self-lubricating ability in a wide temperature range.
[0039] The Cu-Ni-Sn alloy matrix is composed of Cu, Ni and Sn three metal elements, and Mo element capable of improving the aging hardening effect or mechanical property of the Cu-Ni-Sn alloy is added. The trace Mo element added into the Cu-Ni-Sn matrix alloy forms Mo-rich phase, which can significantly refine the alloy grains and inhibit the formation of discontinuous precipitated phase, and further significantly improve the mechanical property, plastic deformation resistance and friction and wear capacity of the alloy matrix. The Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo-graphite self-lubricating composite material added with graphite has good self-lubricating property and wear property in a relatively wide temperature range. At room temperature, the graphite lubricating film is formed on the wear surface of the Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo-graphite self-lubricating composite material, which provides good lubrication; at high temperature, the mixed lubricating film combined with graphite and Cu2O, CuO and NiO and the like is formed on the wear surface of the composite material, which significantly improves the friction and wear capacity of the composite material. On this basis, the Cu-Ni-Sn-Mo-graphite-ZrO2 self-lubricating composite material added with ZrO2 further improves the hardness, yield strength and friction and wear capacity of the composite material, and has good density. The synergistic effect of ZrO2 and graphite in a wide temperature range forms the mixed lubricating film of ZrO2, graphite and metal oxide on the wear surface, which provides good self-lubricating effect. Therefore, the copper-based self-lubricating composite material with high strength and wear resistance in a wide temperature range has excellent medium-high hardness, medium-high strength, high plastic deformation resistance and good wear resistance in a wide temperature range, and can be applied to bearings, sleeves and pantograph sliding blocks and the like in the fields of aerospace, marine engineering, transportation and the like.
[0040] The addition of Mo element in the application can play the roles of fine-grain strengthening, precipitate strengthening and inhibiting discontinuous precipitation, and can improve the hardness, strength and wear resistance of the composite material; the addition of graphite and ZrO2 can not only significantly improve the self-lubricating capacity of the composite material in a medium-high temperature range, but also meet the lightweight design requirement of the composite material. Therefore, the copper-based self-lubricating composite material with high strength and wear resistance in a wide temperature range not only has excellent mechanical property and wear resistance, but also can realize self-lubricating function under extreme working conditions. This characteristic makes it have wide application potential in key components such as bearings, guide rails and sealing elements, and can significantly improve the reliability and service life of equipment and reduce the maintenance cost.
[0041] The copper-based self-lubricating composite material with high strength and wear resistance in a wide temperature range prepared in the application is used for preparing high-temperature sliding bearings, aerospace sealing elements and heavy-load mechanical guide rails.
[0042] The above merely describes preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application. Any simple modification, change and equivalent variation of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present application are still within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present application.
Claims
1. A copper-based self-lubricating composite material with high strength and wear resistance in a wide temperature range, characterized in that, The raw materials are prepared from the following mass fractions: Ni powder 11.56-12.13%, Sn powder 4.63-4.85%, Mo powder 0.92-0.97%, graphite powder 3-7%, nano ZrO2 powder 0-0.5%, and the balance being Cu.
2. A process for the preparation of a wide temperature range high strength wear resistant copper based self-lubricating composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The method comprises the following steps: S1, mechanically mixing Cu powder, Ni powder, Sn powder, Mo powder, graphite powder and nano ZrO2 powder to obtain mixed powder; S2, loading the mixed powder obtained in S1 into a graphite mold lined with graphite paper, and performing hot-pressing sintering in a discharge plasma rapid heat-pressing sintering device at a temperature of 850-880 ℃ and a sintering pressure of 15-30 MPa for 20-40 min, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a preform; S3, performing aging treatment on the preform obtained in S2 at a temperature of 350-450 ℃ for 180-260 min, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a copper-based self-lubricating composite material with high strength and wear resistance in a wide temperature range.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The mechanical mixing time in S1 is 4-6 h.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein, The Brinell hardness of the copper-based self-lubricating composite material with high strength and wear resistance in the wide temperature range in S3 is 170 HB-228 HB, the yield strength is 330 MPa-424 MPa, the wear rate under room temperature condition is 0.09 10 -5 mm 3 / N·m-0.14 10 -5 mm 3 / N·m, the wear rate under 300 DEG C condition is 1.83 10 -5 mm 3 / N·m-8.31 10 -5 mm 3 / N·m, the wear rate under 500 DEG C condition is 4.73 10 -5 mm 3 / N·m-23.91 10 -5 mm 3 / N·m.
5. Use of a copper-based self-lubricating composite material with high strength and wear resistance in a wide temperature range, prepared according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, The copper-based self-lubricating composite material with high strength and wear resistance in a wide temperature range is used for preparing high-temperature sliding bearings, aerospace sealing elements and heavy-load mechanical guide rails.