Transformer substation transformer cooling control system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of transformer cooling control, and discloses a transformer substation transformer cooling control system and method.The transformer substation transformer cooling control system comprises an oil immersion cooling box, an oil flow pipeline and cooling fins, the transformer is subjected to oil immersion cooling, cooling oil flows into the oil flow pipeline to exchange heat with air, and the cooling oil flows into the transformer again to be subjected to oil immersion cooling after heat exchange is completed; the auxiliary heat dissipation of the transformer comprises a temperature detection unit and a particle size spraying control unit, the temperature detection unit predicts the temperature change of the transformer, the particle size spraying control unit receives the predicted temperature change to adjust and control the particle size of water mist, if the temperature is abnormal, a cooling fan is started, and the rotating speed of the cooling fan is determined according to the temperature abnormality level. And transformer cooling hierarchical control and controllable particle size intelligent control are realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of transformer cooling control, and discloses a transformer cooling control system and method for a transformer substation. BACKGROUND

[0002] A large amount of heat is generated in the operation of a transformer substation due to winding loss and core loss, and if the heat is not dissipated in time, it can easily lead to insulation aging, shortened service life and even safety accidents. The traditional oil-immersed transformer cooling system mainly relies on the combination of oil circulation and air cooling. The inner wall of the conventional oil flow pipeline is smooth, and the cooling oil flow is mainly in the form of laminar flow, so the heat exchange area is insufficient. The layout of the cooling fins is single, and the air convection path is short, which leads to a significant decrease in the cooling capacity in a high-temperature environment. The traditional temperature detection mainly uses a single-point sensor, which cannot comprehensively sense the temperature gradient of the transformer winding, oil and cooling pipeline. The spray cooling system lacks a dynamic particle size adjustment mechanism, and the droplet particle size is fixed. In different loads, incomplete evaporation or overcooling phenomenon can easily occur. When the temperature of the transformer rises sharply due to overload, the existing system cannot quickly respond, and it relies on single air cooling or fixed spray mode, so the cooling efficiency is limited, and there is a risk of temperature out of control. SUMMARY

[0003] This section is intended to summarize some aspects of the embodiments of the present application and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the abstract and title of the specification of the present application in order to avoid obscuring the purpose of this section, the abstract and the title. Such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the present application.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the main purpose of the present application is to provide a transformer cooling control system for a transformer substation, which comprises:

[0005] The transformer cooling body comprises an oil-immersed cooling box, an oil flow pipeline and cooling fins.

[0006] The transformer is cooled by oil immersion, and the cooling oil flows into the oil flow pipeline to exchange heat with air. After the heat exchange is completed, the cooling oil reflows into the transformer for oil immersion cooling.

[0007] The transformer auxiliary cooling comprises a temperature detection unit and a particle size spray control unit. The temperature detection unit predicts the temperature change of the transformer, and the particle size spray control unit adjusts and controls the water mist particle size according to the predicted temperature change.

[0008] The transformer cooling cycle comprises a cooling fan, a water collecting channel and a convection fin. If the temperature is abnormal, the cooling fan is started, and the rotating speed of the cooling fan is determined by the temperature abnormality level.

[0009] As a preferred scheme of the transformer cooling control system for a transformer substation of the present application, wherein:

[0010] The transformer cooling body is used for transformer heat dissipation of a substation, and the oil flow pipe adopts a double-spiral structure, the inner spiral pipe wall is embedded with a silicon carbide nano coating, and the outer spiral pipe is additionally provided with a bionic shark skin corrugated surface.

[0011] The transformer is cooled by oil immersion, the cooling oil flows into the oil flow pipe through the oil flow pipe inlet and is communicated with the bottom oil immersion cooling box of the transformer, the outlet end extends to the top oil immersion cooling box of the transformer, and the vortex generator is arranged at the interface of the oil flow pipe to force the cooling oil to form turbulent flow.

[0012] As a preferred scheme of the substation transformer cooling control system,

[0013] The temperature detection unit comprises a first distributed temperature sensor, a second distributed temperature sensor and a third distributed temperature sensor.

[0014] The first distributed temperature sensor is arranged in the top winding area of the transformer and is used for acquiring the temperature of the top winding of the transformer.

[0015] The second distributed temperature sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the bottom oil immersion cooling box and is used for acquiring the temperature of the oil immersion cooling box.

[0016] The third distributed temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet of the oil flow pipe and is used for acquiring the temperature at the outlet of the oil flow pipe.

[0017] The temperature data acquired by the temperature detection unit is connected to the central controller through the CAN bus, the central controller collects the temperature, predicts the temperature change through machine learning, and adjusts the spray particle size through the predicted temperature change.

[0018] As a preferred scheme of the substation transformer cooling control system,

[0019] The particle size spray control unit applies vibration waves and reverse vibration waves to break the water flow into particle size droplets.

[0020] As a preferred scheme of the substation transformer cooling control system,

[0021] A paraffin or graphene composite phase change material box is arranged at the top of the transformer, and when the temperature exceeds the maximum threshold value, the heat is automatically absorbed and dissipated, and at the same time, a micro air pump is triggered to forcibly guide cold air into the phase change area.

[0022] As a preferred scheme of the substation transformer cooling control system,

[0023] The method for adjusting the spray particle size through the predicted temperature change comprises:

[0024] Obtaining transformer top winding temperature, oil flow pipe outlet temperature and bottom oil immersion cooling box temperature;

[0025] Temperature data synchronization timestamp, by setting the weight of transformer top winding, oil flow pipe outlet and bottom oil immersion cooling box temperature, the obtained temperature data is weighted and fused;

[0026] The processed transformer top winding temperature, oil flow pipe outlet temperature and bottom oil immersion cooling box temperature data are input into the temperature detection unit;

[0027] The temperature detection unit predicts the transformer temperature change rate through the input temperature data;

[0028] Obtaining particle size control strategy by comparing the mapping table of particle size and temperature change rate, and adjusting the piezoelectric driving parameters according to the particle size control strategy.

[0029] As a preferred scheme of the substation transformer cooling control system of the application, wherein:

[0030] The substation transformer sets a high temperature threshold and a safety threshold, if the substation transformer temperature exceeds the high temperature threshold, the transformer abnormality is triggered, if the substation transformer temperature does not reach the high temperature threshold, but exceeds the safety threshold, the temperature alarm is triggered;

[0031] The output of the particle size spray control unit includes fine particle size water mist, mixed particle size water mist and superfine particle size water mist;

[0032] The corresponding relationship between the temperature abnormality level and the spray particle size is:

[0033] If the temperature does not exceed the safety threshold, the particle size spray control unit outputs fine particle size water mist;

[0034] If the temperature does not exceed the high temperature threshold but exceeds the safety threshold, the particle size spray control unit outputs mixed particle size water mist;

[0035] If the temperature exceeds the high temperature threshold, the particle size spray control unit outputs superfine particle size water mist.

[0036] As a preferred scheme of the substation transformer cooling control system of the application, wherein:

[0037] The convection sheet is wound into a spiral tower structure, and the outer surface of the spiral tower structure is provided with a wave-shaped flow guide groove;

[0038] The outlet of the water collecting channel extends to the root of the spiral convection sheet, when the cooling fan is started, the axial airflow generated by the fan interacts with the spiral convection sheet to form a centrifugal vortex, so that the fine particle size water mist spirally rises along the flow guide groove, and the mist droplets spread liquid film on the surface of the copper-aluminum sheet;

[0039] The step control of the cooling fan comprises:

[0040] The first temperature abnormality closes the spray system, and the cooling fan is switched to a pure air cooling mode; air flows through the spiral convection fins to cool the oil flow pipe and the heat sink of the transformer;

[0041] The second temperature abnormality starts the spray cooperation mode, the cooling fan runs, drives the fine particle size water mist into the spiral convection fins, and triggers the electromagnetic valve of the water collection channel to release the recovered water.

[0042] As a preferred scheme of the substation transformer cooling control system,

[0043] The wet hot air after spraying enters the cyclone condensing tower, and the liquid water and steam are separated by centrifugal force; the liquid water is returned to the water storage tank after secondary filtration by activated carbon-ceramic membrane;

[0044] The steam is condensed and recovered by the semiconductor refrigeration fin, and the humidity sensor is intelligently watered.

[0045] A substation transformer cooling control method comprises:

[0046] The hot oil in the transformer flows into the inner and outer double spiral structure oil flow pipe through the bottom oil immersion cooling box, exchanges heat with the outside air through the heat sink, and then the low-temperature oil is returned to the transformer from the outlet of the oil flow pipe, forming a closed oil circulation;

[0047] The first distributed temperature sensor is arranged to collect the winding temperature in real time, the second distributed temperature sensor is arranged to monitor the oil temperature and the oil liquid heat dissipation efficiency, and the third distributed temperature sensor is arranged to feed back the final cooling effect of the circulating oil; the temperature data is transmitted to the central controller through the CAN bus, the temperature change trend is predicted based on the machine learning algorithm, and the cooling strategy is adjusted in advance;

[0048] The temperature change trend is received to control the particle size spray to cool the transformer; if the temperature is abnormal, the step control of the cooling fan is adopted, and the spray cooperation mode is started to dissipate heat.

[0049] The application has the following beneficial effects:

[0050] The oil flow pipe with the inner and outer double spiral structure adopted by the application significantly improves the heat conduction performance; the outer spiral pipe is additionally provided with a bionic shark skin corrugated surface, which effectively reduces the fluid resistance; and the vortex generator arranged at the outlet of the oil pipe forces the cooling oil to form a turbulent flow, thereby greatly increasing the convective heat transfer coefficient of the oil liquid and the inner wall of the pipe.

[0051] The application obtains and predicts the transformer temperature data based on the distributed temperature sensor network and the machine learning algorithm, and feeds back the coaxial double-ring piezoelectric ceramic spray technology to interfere with the control of the droplet size, thereby solving the problems of response lag and extensive particle size control in the traditional system.

[0052] The application builds a transformer cooling system with high heat dissipation efficiency, precise control ability and strong reliability through the integrated design of oil immersion heat dissipation and auxiliary heat dissipation multi-stage cooperation, and meets the intelligent operation and maintenance requirements of the substation equipment under high temperature and high load conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0053] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the application, the drawings needed in the embodiment description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor. Among them:

[0054] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a transformer cooling control system of a substation of the application;

[0055] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of a transformer cooling control method of a substation of the application;

[0056] Figure 3 It is a method flowchart of predicting temperature change and adjusting spray particle size of a transformer cooling control method of a substation of the application;

[0057] Figure 4 It is an outer heat dissipation fin schematic diagram of an oil flow pipeline of a transformer cooling control system of a substation of the application;

[0058] Figure 5 It is an inner and outer double helix structure schematic diagram of a transformer cooling control system of a substation of the application.

[0059] Reference signs: 1, cooling oil; 2, transformer winding; 3, water storage tank; 4, particle size spray control unit; 5, cooling fan; 6, inner and outer double helix oil flow pipeline; 7, spray water guide pipe; 8, water recovery pipeline; 9, vortex generator; 10, first distributed temperature sensor; 11, second distributed temperature sensor; 12, third distributed temperature sensor; 13, groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the application will be described in detail in conjunction with the drawings of the specification.

[0061] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the application, but the application can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the connotation of the application, therefore the application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0062] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0063] Example 1:

[0064] like Figure 1 As shown, a substation transformer cooling control system includes:

[0065] 1. Cooling oil; 2. Transformer winding; 3. Water storage tank; 4. Particle size spray control unit; 5. Cooling fan; 6. Inner and outer double spiral oil flow pipes; 7. Spray water guide pipes; 8. Water recovery pipes.

[0066] A substation transformer cooling control system is also equipped with an eddy current generator 9, a first distributed temperature sensor 10, a second distributed temperature sensor 11, a third distributed temperature sensor 12, and a trench 13.

[0067] Cooling oil 1 serves as the core heat-conducting medium for the transformer. It absorbs the heat generated by the transformer windings 2 during operation through oil immersion, forming a high-temperature oil. Passing through the inner and outer double-helix oil flow pipes 6, it undergoes forced heat exchange with the outside air, releasing heat before flowing back to the transformer oil-immersed cooling tank, thus achieving cyclic heat dissipation. Its fluidity and thermal conductivity directly affect the transformer's temperature field distribution. Combined with the eddy current generator 9 at the pipe interface to create turbulence, it can significantly improve heat exchange efficiency.

[0068] As the core component of power conversion, transformer winding 2 achieves voltage transformation through electromagnetic induction. During operation, Joule heat is generated due to copper and iron losses, which is the main heat source of the system. The external part is completely submerged in cooling oil 1, which absorbs the heat of the winding through oil convection and conduction, maintaining its temperature within a safe threshold and ensuring electromagnetic conversion efficiency and insulation reliability.

[0069] The water storage tank 3 stores the water required by the spray cooling system and provides a stable water supply to the particle size spray control unit 4; it has a built-in water quality filter to prevent impurities from clogging the spray pipes; it is equipped with a water level sensor and a pressure regulating valve to monitor the water volume in real time and maintain a stable water supply pressure to ensure the continuous operation of the spray system.

[0070] The particle size spray control unit 4 breaks the water flow into droplets of different sizes based on the temperature change predicted by the temperature detection unit. For example, in a specific implementation of this application, a preferred particle size droplet setting standard can be set as fine particle size of 50-100μm, mixed particle size of 10-100μm, and ultrafine particle size <30μm.

[0071] Further, the conventional temperature control output fine particle size water mist, through the evaporation heat absorption to reduce the transformer surface and ambient air temperature; emergency heat dissipation output superfine water mist, maximize the utilization rate of latent heat of evaporation, cooperate with cooling fan 5 to strengthen the air-liquid heat exchange, quickly inhibit the oil temperature rise.

[0072] Cooling fan 5 adjusts the speed according to the temperature anomaly level, drives air flow to enhance heat dissipation:

[0073] First level anomaly low speed operation or shutdown, rely on spiral convection piece natural convection, energy saving operation;

[0074] Second level anomaly medium speed operation, cooperate with spray system to promote droplet diffusion, form wind cooling and fog cooling composite heat dissipation;

[0075] Third level anomaly full speed operation, forced air convection, cooperate with superfine water mist and phase change material box, realize emergency cooling in extreme working condition.

[0076] Spray water guide pipe 7 connects water storage tank 3 and particle size spray control unit 4, transports clean water source to spray device; the inner wall of the pipe is smooth and a one-way valve is arranged to prevent backflow and impurities from flowing backward; the pipe diameter and wall thickness are designed according to the maximum flow of the spray system to ensure stable water pressure and meet the water flow supply demand of different particle size sprays.

[0077] The inside of the water recovery pipeline 8 can be provided with a guide vane group for recovering the unevaporated droplets on the surface of the double-spiral oil flow pipeline 6, returning to the water storage tank 3 through the water collecting channel, and realizing water resource recycling; the inlet of the water recovery pipeline 8 is provided with a filter screen to intercept impurity particles in the air, and the outlet is provided with an electromagnetic valve to control the return rate, cooperate with the water level sensor to maintain the water balance of the water storage tank 3, avoid ground liquid and resource waste.

[0078] The transformer cooling main body includes an oil immersion cooling box, an oil flow pipeline and a cooling fin;

[0079] Among them, the transformer cools through oil immersion, the cooling oil 1 flows into the oil flow pipeline for heat exchange with air, and the cooled oil 1 reflows into the transformer oil immersion cooling;

[0080] The transformer cooling main body is used for transformer heat dissipation in a transformer substation, and the oil flow pipeline adopts a double-spiral oil flow pipeline 6 to form a circulation channel of the cooling oil 1.

[0081] The transformer cools through oil immersion, the cooling oil 1 flows into the oil flow pipeline through the inlet of the oil flow pipeline, and communicates with the oil immersion cooling box at the bottom of the transformer, and the outlet end extends to the oil immersion cooling box at the top of the transformer, and the vortex generator 9 is arranged at the outlet of the oil flow pipeline to form turbulent flow of the cooling oil 1.

[0082] Specifically, the oil flow pipeline adopts a spiral structure, which can increase the heat exchange area and oil flow path compared with a straight pipe, for example,Figure 4 As shown, the heat sink can adopt a corrugated aluminum alloy sheet, and the vertical air flow is arranged on the outer surface of the inner and outer double helix oil flow pipeline 6. Due to the corrugated structure, the heat dissipation area is increased, and the aluminum alloy material can improve the heat conduction efficiency. Therefore, the vertical air flow arrangement can form a turbulent flow to enhance the convective heat transfer, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the oil flow pipeline.

[0083] Further, an implementation method of the inner and outer double helix structure includes:

[0084] The inner layer helical pipeline serves as a main cooling channel for conveying cooling oil wrapped around the transformer winding 2 and the core. The outer layer helical pipeline is arranged around the inner layer and maintains a distance from the side wall of the oil tank to form an auxiliary cooling layer. The inner and outer layer oil flow directions adopt a reverse flow design to realize full counter-flow heat exchange and improve heat exchange efficiency.

[0085] As shown, the inner layer helical pipeline is marked by a solid line, and the outer layer helical pipeline is marked by a dashed line. Figure 5

[0086] The channel sealing adopts a whole plate rolling technology. The inner and outer layer helical channels are sealed by integral forming and welding to avoid leakage risks caused by joints. The outer channel is fixed through square steel support structure between the inner wall of the oil tank to reduce welding points and enhance overall rigidity.

[0087] A vortex generator 9 is arranged at the oil flow pipeline interface to generate local vortex in the oil flow through the vortex generator 9 to increase fluid disturbance.

[0088] The double-path oil pump driving configuration includes multiple independent oil pumps. The inner and outer helical channels are controlled by the multiple independent oil pumps respectively to control the oil flow speed, and the flow distribution is adjusted by a plate valve. The oil pump inlet is arranged in the oil storage area at the bottom of the transformer, and the outlet is divided into two paths to inject into the inner and outer helical inlets respectively to form a closed loop circulation.

[0089] The direction of the groove 13 is at a certain angle with the oil flow direction to reduce flow resistance.

[0090] Further, the double helix cooperative heat dissipation mechanism includes:

[0091] The inner helical layer pipe wall is embedded with a silicon carbide nano coating to quickly conduct heat to the pipe wall for heat dissipation through radiation and convection.

[0092] In this embodiment, a preferred scheme for the outer helical layer design includes that the outer helical layer can be provided with a bionic shark skin corrugated surface to expand the heat dissipation area, and the interlayer gap can be filled with heat-conducting silicone grease to ensure the continuity of heat transfer between the inner and outer layers.

[0093] The transformer auxiliary heat dissipation includes a temperature detection unit and a particle size spray control unit 4. The temperature detection unit predicts the temperature change of the transformer, and the particle size spray control unit 4 adjusts and controls the water mist particle size according to the predicted temperature change.​

[0094] The temperature detection unit includes a first distributed temperature sensor 10, a second distributed temperature sensor 11, and a third distributed temperature sensor 12.

[0095] The first distributed temperature sensor 10 is arranged in the top winding area of the transformer, and is used to obtain the temperature of the top winding of the transformer.

[0096] The second distributed temperature sensor 11 is arranged on the inner wall of the bottom oil-immersed cooling box, and is used to obtain the temperature of the oil-immersed cooling box.

[0097] The third distributed temperature sensor 12 is arranged at the outlet of the oil flow pipe, and is used to obtain the temperature at the outlet of the oil flow pipe.

[0098] The temperature data obtained by the temperature detection unit is connected to the central controller through the CAN bus, the central controller collects the temperature, and predicts the temperature change through machine learning, and adjusts the particle size of the spray through the predicted temperature change.

[0099] In this embodiment, a preferred example, the particle size spray control unit 4 can break the water flow into controllable particle size droplets through the acoustic wave interference effect.

[0100] A specific implementation method of selection and installation of a temperature sensor includes:

[0101] The first distributed temperature sensor 10 can adopt a fiber grating temperature sensor, and multiple measuring points are arranged equidistantly along the top of the transformer winding 2.

[0102] The second distributed temperature sensor 11 adopts multiple corrosion-resistant temperature sensors, which are installed at the four corners and the center measuring point of the inner wall of the cooling box, and automatically switch when abnormal.

[0103] The third distributed temperature sensor 12 is installed at the outlet of the oil flow pipe.

[0104] A specific implementation method of data fusion and transmission includes:

[0105] The raw temperature data of the first distributed temperature sensor 10, the second distributed temperature sensor 11, and the third distributed temperature sensor 12 are integrated in real time, single-point noise is eliminated through a weighted average algorithm, and the weight is dynamically adjusted according to the sensor accuracy.

[0106] The characteristic quantities such as temperature change rate and gradient distribution are extracted.

[0107] According to the fusion result, a control strategy is triggered, for example, the control strategy can include a daily temperature control mode or an emergency temperature control mode.

[0108] A specific implementation method of temperature prediction and particle size control linkage includes:

[0109] The input features of the machine learning model include real-time temperature sequence, oil flow rate, ambient temperature and humidity, and load current.

[0110] The future temperature change rate ΔT is output from the output end through the convolution operation or time sequence feature extraction operation process of the machine learning model.

[0111] The machine learning model is trained by setting training data, and the machine learning model can be selected as an LSTM model.

[0112] The prediction result is divided into multiple levels, for example, the prediction result is divided into three levels, wherein, level one: ΔT < A ℃ / min corresponds to a steady state mode, and the particle size is not adjusted; level two: A ℃ / min≤ΔT < B ℃ / min corresponds to a warning mode, and a fine particle size spray is triggered; and level three: ΔT≥B ℃ / min corresponds to an emergency mode, and a superfine particle size spray and a fan full speed are adjusted, wherein A and B are temperature change rate thresholds, which can be set according to actual needs.

[0113] As shown in Figure 3 The method for adjusting the spray particle size by predicting the temperature change comprises:

[0114] The transformer top winding temperature, the oil flow pipe outlet temperature, and the bottom oil immersion cooling tank temperature are obtained.

[0115] The temperature data is synchronized with a time stamp, and the obtained temperature data is weighted and fused by setting the weights of the transformer top winding temperature, the oil flow pipe outlet temperature, and the bottom oil immersion cooling tank temperature.

[0116] The processed transformer top winding temperature, oil flow pipe outlet temperature, and bottom oil immersion cooling tank temperature data are input into a temperature detection unit.

[0117] The temperature detection unit predicts the transformer temperature change rate through the input temperature data.

[0118] The particle size control strategy is obtained by comparing the mapping table of the particle size and the temperature change rate, and the piezoelectric driving parameters are adjusted according to the particle size control strategy.

[0119] A method for adjusting the spray particle size by predicting the temperature change comprises:

[0120] The temperature detection unit includes temperature data acquisition and processing, data fusion and abnormal filtering, temperature prediction and hierarchical control.

[0121] The top winding sensor is embedded in the top of the transformer winding 2 to monitor the temperature of the most prone to overheating area in real time. The sensor uses an electromagnetic interference resistant fiber Bragg grating sensor.

[0122] The bottom oil immersion cooling tank sensor is installed on the inner wall of the cooling tank to monitor the oil temperature change.

[0123] The oil flow pipeline outlet sensor captures the temperature of the oil flow after heat dissipation in real time through infrared non-contact temperature measurement.

[0124] The central controller assigns the weights of the winding temperature, oil temperature, and outlet temperature according to the priority, and calculates the comprehensive temperature value.

[0125] The input features are real-time temperature sequence, oil flow rate, environmental temperature and humidity, and transformer load current.

[0126] The time series prediction model is trained based on historical temperature sequence, oil flow rate, environmental temperature and humidity, and transformer load current, and the model can be updated online to adapt to equipment aging.

[0127] The temperature anomaly level is divided into normal state, early warning state, moderate anomaly, and emergency state.

[0128] In the normal state, the spray is closed and only relies on air cooling for heat dissipation; in the early warning state, fine particle size water mist is started to cover the surface of the heat sink to form a uniform water film; in the moderate anomaly state, mixed particle size water mist is switched to enhance evaporation efficiency; in the emergency state, ultra-fine particle size water mist is triggered, and nano-level droplets penetrate into the gap to quickly absorb heat, and the fan is operated at full speed.

[0129] Further, the predicted temperature change is obtained by mapping the particle size and temperature prediction to adjust the spray particle size. Specifically, the particle size and temperature prediction can be obtained by referring to the transformer temperature rating and different environmental particle size and temperature theoretical mapping rules.

[0130] The specific implementation method of the spray particle size dynamic control mechanism is:

[0131] In this embodiment, a preferred scheme of a particle size spray control unit 4 includes:

[0132] The particle size spray control unit 4 can be provided with a piezoelectric ceramic nozzle to control the droplet size through the piezoelectric ceramic nozzle.

[0133] The piezoelectric ceramic driving principle is double-ring vibration interference, in which the inner ring is a high-frequency vibration to generate a basic sound wave, and the water flow is cut into larger droplets. The outer ring is reverse or same direction vibration, which further breaks the droplets through sound wave superposition interference.

[0134] The smooth transition design includes gradual adjustment and feedback calibration.

[0135] The gradual adjustment is that when the temperature change rate crosses the level, the piezoelectric driving parameters are gradually switched to avoid water flow impact or unstable atomization.

[0136] The feedback calibration is to monitor the droplet size in real time, dynamically adjust the frequency and phase, and ensure that the actual particle size is consistent with the target.

[0137] The scheme realizes dynamic optimization of transformer heat dissipation through deep combination of high-precision temperature prediction and piezoelectric spray control, and provides an efficient, reliable and easy-to-maintain intelligent cooling system for the transformer without relying on complex mathematical models.

[0138] The transformer cooling cycle includes a cooling fan 5, a water collecting channel and a convection sheet. If the temperature is abnormal, the cooling fan 5 is started, and the rotating speed of the cooling fan 5 is determined by the temperature abnormality level.

[0139] When the cooling fan 5 is started, the fine particle size water mist is made to spiral down along the pre-guide groove, and the mist droplets spread on the surface of the copper-aluminum sheet to form a liquid film;

[0140] The hierarchical control of the cooling fan 5 includes:

[0141] In the first temperature abnormality, the spray system is turned off, and the cooling fan 5 is switched to a pure air cooling mode. The air flow passes through the spiral convection sheet to cool the oil flow pipe and the heat sink of the transformer. The convection sheet is wound into a spiral tower structure and installed between the outlet end of the oil flow pipe and the cooling fan 5. The outer surface is provided with a wave-shaped guide groove.

[0142] In the second temperature abnormality, the spray coordination mode is started. The cooling fan 5 operates to drive the fine particle size water mist into the spiral convection sheet, and the water collecting channel electromagnetic valve is triggered to release the recovered water.

[0143] The mode switching principle is that the first temperature abnormality preferentially utilizes the latent heat of evaporation, and the second temperature abnormality avoids the insulation performance degradation caused by spraying at high temperature.

[0144] Embodiment two:

[0145] As shown in Figure 2 A transformer cooling control method for a transformer substation includes:

[0146] The hot oil inside the transformer flows into the inner and outer double-helical structure oil flow pipe through the bottom oil-immersed cooling box, exchanges heat with the outside air through the heat sink, and then the low-temperature oil flows back to the transformer from the outlet of the oil flow pipe, forming a closed oil circulation.

[0147] A first distributed temperature sensor 10 is arranged to collect the winding temperature in real time, a second distributed temperature sensor 11 is arranged to monitor the oil temperature and the oil heat dissipation efficiency, and a third distributed temperature sensor 12 is arranged to feed back the final cooling effect of the circulating oil.

[0148] The temperature data is transmitted to the central controller through the CAN bus, the future temperature change trend is predicted based on the machine learning algorithm, and the cooling strategy is adjusted in advance.

[0149] A specific implementation method of a machine learning algorithm for predicting future changes includes:

[0150] The asynchronous sampling data of the first distributed temperature sensor 10, the second distributed temperature sensor 11 and the third distributed temperature sensor 12 are calibrated to a uniform time interval by a timestamp, short missing data is filled by a sliding window interpolation method, and sudden abnormal values are detected and corrected.

[0151] A multi-dimensional feature vector including real-time winding temperature, oil temperature, heat dissipation efficiency, cooling effect, ambient temperature and load power is constructed to form a time series data set.

[0152] The historical features of the previous N time steps at the current time are taken as input to capture the inertia law of temperature change; the trend and periodicity of derived indicators such as winding temperature rise rate per unit time, heat dissipation efficiency fluctuation coefficient, and correlation coefficient of cooling effect and oil temperature are calculated.

[0153] Machine learning preferentially selects algorithms that can capture long-distance dependencies, such as selecting LSTM-like time series neural networks, including input layer, feature encoding layer and prediction output layer.

[0154] Specifically, the input layer receives the time series data set containing original features and derived features.

[0155] The feature encoding layer extracts temperature short-term fluctuations and long-term trends at different time scales through time series convolution.

[0156] The prediction output layer outputs winding temperature and oil temperature prediction values for the next T time steps, supporting multi-step prediction.

[0157] Further, the winding temperature change rate must not exceed the theoretical threshold of the thermal conductivity characteristics of the transformer material, which is used as a filtering rule for abnormal prediction.

[0158] The training samples are generated using the sliding window method, and the input samples contain multi-dimensional feature vectors for K consecutive time steps.

[0159] The short-term temperature values and medium-term predicted temperature values for the future multiple time steps are output.

[0160] The data set is divided according to seasons and load patterns, for example, samples during high load periods and low load periods are trained separately to improve the adaptability of the model to different operating scenarios.

[0161] Multi-objective optimization is used to optimize the prediction accuracy of winding temperature and oil temperature, and the weights are dynamically adjusted according to the safety level of the transformer.

[0162] Adversarial sample training is introduced to artificially inject simulated cooling system failure data to enhance the prediction robustness of the model under abnormal operating conditions.

[0163] Adopt rolling prediction verification, use the first year data training, the last three months data day by day verification, update the latest one week data to the training set every day, simulate online learning scene.

[0164] Controllable particle size regulation receives temperature change trend, controls particle size spray, cools the transformer, if temperature anomaly appears, then adopts cooling fan 5 stage control, and starts spray cooperation mode and carries out heat dissipation.

[0165] It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the application shown in the various exemplary embodiments is illustrative only. Although only two embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art who review this disclosure will readily appreciate that many modifications can be made to the embodiments without now departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject application. For example, obvious modifications can be made to the size, shape, and arrangement of the components, to the sizes, shapes, and number of the parameters (e.g., temperatures, pressures, etc.), to the installation and arrangement, to the use of materials, and to the colors, orientations, etc. of the various elements. For example, elements shown as integrally formed can be constructed of multiple parts or elements, the positions of elements can be reversed or otherwise changed, and the nature or number of elements can be changed or modified. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present application. The order or sequence of any process or method steps can be changed or re-sequenced without departing from the scope of the present application. Any "means plus function" clauses are intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited functions and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures. Other substitutions, modifications, changes, and omissions can be made in the design, operating conditions, and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the present application is not limited to the particular embodiments described and shown herein, but extends to equivalents of what is claimed and the scope of the appended claims.

[0166] Furthermore, in the interest of providing a concise description of exemplary embodiments, not all features of an actual implementation can be described (i.e., those unrelated to the best mode of practicing the present application, or those unrelated to any implementation of the present application).

[0167] It is to be understood that the development of the particular embodiments of the application can not be limited to the particular implementation described and shown herein, but can include any number of variations in the function and / or structure of described or illustrated elements without departing from the scope of the present application. Thus, the particular embodiments described and shown herein are not intended to be limiting, but rather merely illustrative of the broader concepts discussed herein. Accordingly, the scope of the present application is to be construed as encompassing all such modifications and variations.

[0168] It should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application but not limit the present application. Although the present application is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or equivalently replaced, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, which should be covered in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A substation transformer cooling control system, characterized by, Comprise: The transformer cooling body includes an oil immersion cooling box, an oil flow pipeline and a cooling fin; Wherein, the transformer is cooled by oil immersion, the cooling oil flows into the oil flow pipeline and exchanges heat with air, and the cooling oil reflows into the transformer for oil immersion cooling after heat exchange; The transformer auxiliary cooling includes a temperature detection unit and a particle size spray control unit, the temperature detection unit collects the temperature of the top winding of the transformer, the temperature of the bottom oil immersion cooling box and the temperature at the outlet of the oil flow pipeline, and transmits the temperature data to the central controller through the CAN bus, the central controller processes the temperature data and predicts the temperature change, and the particle size spray control unit receives the predicted temperature change output by the central controller and adjusts and controls the water mist particle size; The transformer cooling cycle includes a cooling fan, a water collecting channel and a convection fin, the temperature data obtained by the temperature detection unit is used to determine the temperature abnormality level, and if the temperature is abnormal, the cooling fan is started, and the rotating speed of the cooling fan is determined by the temperature abnormality level.

2. The transformer cooling control system of the substation according to claim 1, wherein: The transformer cooling body is used for cooling the transformer of the substation, the oil flow pipeline adopts an inner-outer double helix structure, the inner layer of the helix pipe wall is embedded with a silicon carbide nano coating, and the outer layer of the helix pipe is additionally provided with a bionic shark skin corrugated surface; The transformer is cooled by oil immersion, the cooling oil flows into the oil flow pipeline through the inlet of the oil flow pipeline and communicates with the bottom oil immersion cooling box of the transformer, the outlet end extends to the top oil immersion cooling box of the transformer, and the vortex generator is arranged at the interface of the oil flow pipeline to force the cooling oil to form turbulent flow.

3. The transformer cooling control system of the substation according to claim 1, wherein: The temperature detection unit includes a first distributed temperature sensor, a second distributed temperature sensor and a third distributed temperature sensor; The first distributed temperature sensor is arranged in the top winding area of the transformer and is used for acquiring the temperature of the top winding of the transformer; The second distributed temperature sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the bottom oil immersion cooling box and is used for acquiring the temperature of the oil immersion cooling box; The third distributed temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet of the oil flow pipeline and is used for acquiring the temperature at the outlet of the oil flow pipeline; The temperature data acquired by the temperature detection unit is connected to the central controller through the CAN bus, the central controller processes the temperature data and predicts the temperature change, and the spray particle size is adjusted according to the predicted temperature change.

4. The transformer cooling control system of the substation according to claim 3, wherein: The particle size spray control unit applies vibration waves and reverse vibration waves to break the water flow into particle size mist droplets.

5. The transformer cooling control system of the substation according to claim 4, wherein: A phase change material box is arranged at the top of the transformer, and when the temperature exceeds the maximum threshold value, the phase change material box automatically melts and absorbs heat, and at the same time, a micro air pump is triggered to forcibly guide cold air into the phase change area.

6. The transformer cooling control system of the substation according to claim 5, wherein: The method for adjusting the spray particle size according to the predicted temperature change comprises: Acquiring the temperature of the top winding of the transformer, the temperature at the outlet of the oil flow pipeline and the temperature of the bottom oil immersion cooling box; The temperature data is synchronized with a time stamp, and the obtained temperature data is weighted and fused by setting the weights of the temperatures of the top winding of the transformer, the outlet of the oil flow pipeline, and the bottom oil-immersed cooling box; The processed transformer top winding temperature, oil flow pipeline outlet temperature, and bottom oil-immersed cooling box temperature data are input into a temperature detection unit; The temperature detection unit predicts the transformer temperature change rate through the input temperature data; The particle size control strategy is obtained by referring to the mapping table of particle size and temperature change rate, and the piezoelectric driving parameters are adjusted according to the particle size control strategy.

7. The transformer cooling control system of the substation according to claim 6, wherein: The substation transformer sets a high temperature threshold and a safety threshold, if the temperature of the substation transformer exceeds the high temperature threshold, the transformer abnormality is triggered, if the temperature of the substation transformer does not reach the high temperature threshold but exceeds the safety threshold, the temperature alarm is triggered; The output of the particle size spray control unit includes fine particle size water mist, mixed particle size water mist, and ultra-fine particle size water mist; The corresponding relationship between the temperature abnormality level and the spray particle size is: If the temperature does not exceed the safety threshold, the output of the particle size spray control unit is fine particle size water mist; If the temperature does not exceed the high temperature threshold but exceeds the safety threshold, the output of the particle size spray control unit is mixed particle size water mist; If the temperature exceeds the high temperature threshold, the output of the particle size spray control unit is ultra-fine particle size water mist.

8. The transformer cooling control system of the substation according to claim 7, wherein: The convection fins are wound into a spiral tower structure, and the outer surface of the spiral tower structure is provided with a wave-shaped flow guide groove; The outlet of the water collecting channel extends to the root of the spiral convection fin, when the cooling fan is started, the axial airflow generated by the fan interacts with the spiral convection fin to form a centrifugal vortex, so that the fine particle size water mist spirally rises along the flow guide groove, and the mist droplets spread on the surface of the copper-aluminum fin to form a liquid film; The hierarchical control of the cooling fan includes: In the first level of temperature abnormality, the spray system is turned off, and the cooling fan is switched to pure air cooling mode, and the airflow passes through the spiral convection fin to cool the oil flow pipeline and the cooling fin of the transformer; In the second level of temperature abnormality, the spray synergistic mode is started, the cooling fan is running, the fine particle size water mist is driven into the spiral convection fin, and the water collecting channel electromagnetic valve is triggered to release the recovered water.

9. The transformer cooling control system of the substation according to claim 8, wherein: The humid hot air after spraying enters the cyclone condensation tower, and the liquid water and steam are separated by centrifugal force, the liquid water is filtered by activated carbon-ceramic membrane secondary filter and then flows back to the water storage tank; The steam is condensed and recovered by the semiconductor refrigeration fin, and the humidity sensor is used for intelligent water replenishment.

10. A substation transformer cooling control method, implemented based on a substation transformer cooling control system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method includes the following specific steps: The hot oil in the transformer flows into the inner and outer double-helical structure oil flow pipeline through the bottom oil-immersed cooling box, exchanges heat with the outside air through the cooling fin, and then the low-temperature oil flows back to the transformer from the outlet of the oil flow pipeline to form a closed oil circulation. The first distributed temperature sensor is arranged to collect winding temperature in real time, the second distributed temperature sensor is arranged to monitor oil temperature and oil heat dissipation efficiency, and the third distributed temperature sensor is arranged to feed back the final cooling effect of circulating oil; temperature data is transmitted to a central controller through a CAN bus, temperature change trend is predicted based on a machine learning algorithm, and cooling strategy is adjusted in advance; The temperature change trend is received to control the particle size spraying, the transformer is cooled, and if temperature abnormity occurs, the cooling fan is controlled in stages, and the spraying cooperative mode is started to dissipate heat.

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