An overlying water intelligent sampling system based on ultrasonic dynamic distance adjustment

Abstract

The application relates to an overlying water intelligent sampling system based on ultrasonic dynamic distance adjustment, which comprises an ultrasonic distance measurement module, a T-shaped mounting support, a self-adaptive position adjusting mechanism and a multi-channel sampling unit. A high-frequency ultrasonic sensor emits sound waves to detect the sediment distance every 10 seconds. After the data is removed from water body fluctuation interference through an anti-interference filtering algorithm, the data is transmitted to a PID controller for dynamic analysis. The PID controller controls the self-adaptive position adjusting mechanism to adjust the height of a sampling head assembly according to the sediment distance data. The multi-channel sampling unit is used for continuous collection and storage of water samples in different time periods. The application realizes dynamic tracking of a target water layer by real-time detection of the sediment interface distance through high-frequency ultrasonic waves and adjustment of the height of the sampling head through a self-adaptive stepping motor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental monitoring equipment technology, specifically to an intelligent sampling system for overlying water that integrates real-time ultrasonic ranging, adaptive position adjustment, and remote monitoring functions. It is suitable for long-term continuous sampling of pore water and overlying water in sediments of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and other water bodies. Background Technology

[0002] Pore ​​water and overlying water are important components of the sediment-water interface ecosystem, and studying them is of great significance for understanding material cycling, pollution source tracing, and ecological health. However, current sampling methods suffer from problems such as difficulty in tracking dynamic interfaces, insufficient continuous sampling capacity, weak intelligence and anti-interference capabilities, and insufficient sampling accuracy and representativeness. Traditional equipment is difficult to adjust the sampling height in real time, relies heavily on manual recovery, lacks automatic adjustment and remote monitoring, and is easily affected by sediment interference, which can affect water quality analysis results.

[0003] The lag of passive sampling: For example, the patent with publication number CN106153394B uses a polypropylene membrane for passive adsorption sampling, which requires manual extraction after 24 hours of standing. It cannot achieve dynamic real-time sampling and depends on manual operation, making it difficult to cope with scenarios with rapid changes in the sediment interface.

[0004] The limitations of fixed sampling: Traditional samplers (such as portable sampling bottles and ROV-mounted equipment) have fixed sampling positions. When faced with interface migration caused by sediment erosion, biological disturbance, etc., they cannot automatically adjust the sampling height, which can easily introduce sediment interference or miss the target water layer.

[0005] Lack of continuous monitoring capability: Most existing equipment is for single or intermittent sampling and lacks the ability to operate continuously under permanent installation conditions, which cannot meet the needs of long-term ecological monitoring, such as water quality change trend analysis and pollution event early warning. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the core problems in existing technologies, such as "sampling deviation caused by sediment interference", "high cost of long-term monitoring" and "insufficient real-time data", by proposing an intelligent overlying water sampling system based on ultrasonic dynamic distance adjustment, so as to improve the scientific nature and efficiency of water body monitoring.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides an intelligent overlying water sampling system based on ultrasonic dynamic ranging, comprising an ultrasonic ranging module, a T-shaped mounting bracket, an adaptive position adjustment mechanism, and a multi-channel sampling unit. The T-shaped mounting bracket is fixed to the bottom of the water body, and a solar panel and a lithium battery pack are mounted on the top of the T-shaped mounting bracket. The adaptive position adjustment mechanism and the multi-channel sampling unit are suspended on the top side of the T-shaped mounting bracket above the water surface. The adaptive position adjustment mechanism includes a stepper motor vertically mounted on the T-shaped mounting bracket, a lead screw guide rail vertically mounted and connected to the stepper motor, an auxiliary guide rail parallel to the lead screw guide rail and connected at its upper end to the T-shaped mounting bracket, and a fixing frame whose two ends are movably connected to the auxiliary guide rail and the lead screw guide rail, respectively. The multi-channel sampling unit includes a control cabinet and a sampling head assembly connected through sampling pipelines. The system includes a sampling pump, a solenoid valve assembly, an automatic sampling bottle, and a sampling bottle compartment. The sampling head assembly is vertically fixed on the mounting frame. The ultrasonic ranging module is located at the bottom of the sampling head assembly. The control cabinet contains a PID controller for controlling a stepper motor. The ultrasonic ranging module is used to detect the distance to sediments in real time. The ultrasonic ranging module includes a high-frequency ultrasonic sensor, a temperature compensation module, and an anti-interference filtering algorithm. The high-frequency ultrasonic sensor emits sound waves every 10 seconds to detect the distance to sediments. After the anti-interference filtering algorithm removes water fluctuation interference, the data is transmitted to the PID controller for dynamic analysis. The PID controller controls the adaptive position adjustment mechanism to adjust the height of the sampling head assembly according to the sediment distance data based on the analysis results. The multi-channel sampling unit is used for continuous collection and storage of water samples at different time periods.

[0008] Preferably, the ultrasonic ranging module has a ranging accuracy of ≤±2mm and a response time of ≤100ms.

[0009] Preferably, the adaptive position adjustment mechanism has an adjustment accuracy of 0.1mm / step for the stepper motor and lead screw guide rail, a maximum stroke of ≥50cm, and is equipped with a soft start / stop control function.

[0010] Preferably, the multi-channel sampling unit includes 7-channel automatic sampling bottles, with a sampling frequency of 0.5-24 times / hour and a single sampling volume of 50-500ml.

[0011] Preferably, the control cabinet integrates an Internet of Things (IoT) communication module, which uploads sampling data, operating status, and fault warning information to the cloud platform in real time, allowing users to remotely set parameters and control tasks through the cloud platform.

[0012] Preferably, the sampling head assembly is a cylindrical sampling head, the ultrasonic ranging module is disposed at the bottom of the cylindrical sampling head, the side of the cylindrical sampling head is surrounded by a 60-mesh nylon mesh, and the inside of the cylindrical sampling head is wrapped with a polypropylene film collection tube.

[0013] Preferably, the step of the PID controller controlling the adaptive position adjustment mechanism to adjust the height of the sampling head assembly according to the sediment distance data based on the analysis results includes:

[0014] Data acquisition: A high-frequency ultrasonic sensor detects the distance to sediments, the sound velocity is corrected by a temperature compensation module, and a Kalman filter algorithm is used to remove water ripples, outputting the real-time distance;

[0015] Dynamic analysis: The PID controller compares the real-time distance with the preset value and calculates ΔH. The trigger condition is |ΔH|>5mm, and the preset value is 5-10cm.

[0016] Height adjustment: The stepper motor of the adaptive position adjustment mechanism drives the lead screw guide to raise and lower the sampling head assembly. The displacement is recorded synchronously through encoder feedback. After the adjustment is completed, the sampling pump is triggered to perform automatic sampling.

[0017] Preferably, when |ΔH|>20mm within 1 minute, the stepper motor is paused and an alarm is triggered.

[0018] Based on the above technical solution, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0019] The intelligent overlying water sampling system of this invention combines real-time ultrasonic ranging, automatic mechanical adjustment, and a permanent installation structure to form an integrated system of "dynamic tracking-continuous sampling-intelligent management," which differs from existing passive sampling or fixed-location sampling equipment. It provides a long-term continuous sampling solution for typical water bodies with dynamic changes in sediment interfaces (such as estuaries and floodplains), filling the gap in existing technologies for "permanent installation + real-time response" scenarios. It breaks through the limitations of traditional samplers that rely on manual intervention, and achieves autonomous optimization of the sampling position through multi-sensor fusion (ultrasonic + temperature + motor feedback) and intelligent control algorithms (PID + threshold triggering), which is a significant improvement over single mechanical adjustment (such as sliding sleeve type) or passive adsorption technology. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent sampling system for overlying water.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the sampling head assembly structure;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of ultrasonic ranging and position adjustment control. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] This invention provides an intelligent overlying water sampling system based on ultrasonic dynamic distance adjustment, such as... Figures 1-3 As shown, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. The present invention utilizes high-frequency ultrasound to detect the distance to the sediment interface in real time, combined with an adaptive stepper motor to adjust the sampling head height, achieving dynamic tracking of the target water layer. The system adopts a modular, permanently installed design, integrating solar power supply and IoT monitoring functions. It can continuously collect overlying water samples at different depths over long periods, making it suitable for scenarios such as river and lake ecological monitoring and pollution source tracing. Compared with existing passive sampling technologies, the present invention significantly improves sampling accuracy, real-time performance, and automation, possessing significant value for environmental monitoring applications.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the intelligent sampling system for overlying water includes an ultrasonic ranging module, a T-shaped mounting bracket 1, an adaptive position adjustment mechanism, and a multi-channel sampling unit. The T-shaped mounting bracket 1 is fixed to the bottom of the water body. A solar panel 4 and a lithium battery pack are installed on the top of the T-shaped mounting bracket 1. The adaptive position adjustment mechanism and the multi-channel sampling unit are hung on the top side of the T-shaped mounting bracket 1 above the water surface. The adaptive position adjustment mechanism includes a stepper motor 3 vertically mounted on the T-shaped mounting bracket 1, a lead screw guide rail 11 vertically mounted and connected to the stepper motor 3, an auxiliary guide rail 12 parallel to the lead screw guide rail 11 and connected to the T-shaped mounting bracket 1 at its upper end, and a fixed frame that is movably connected to the auxiliary guide rail 12 and the lead screw guide rail 11 at both ends, respectively. The multi-channel sampling unit includes a control cabinet 7, a sampling head assembly 5 connected through a sampling pipeline, a sampling pump, a solenoid valve group 8, an automatic sampling bottle 10, and a sampling bottle compartment 9. The sampling head assembly 5 is vertically fixed on the fixed frame. The ultrasonic ranging module is located at the bottom of the sampling head assembly 5. The control cabinet 7 contains a PID controller for controlling the stepper motor 3.

[0027] Furthermore, the ultrasonic ranging module is used to detect the distance to sediments in real time. The ultrasonic ranging module includes a high-frequency ultrasonic sensor 2, a temperature compensation module, and an anti-interference filtering algorithm. The high-frequency ultrasonic sensor 2 emits sound waves every 10 seconds to detect the distance to sediments. After the data is filtered by the anti-interference filtering algorithm to remove water body fluctuation interference, it is transmitted to the PID controller for dynamic analysis. The PID controller controls the adaptive position adjustment mechanism to adjust the height of the sampling head assembly 5 according to the sediment distance data based on the analysis results. The multi-channel sampling unit is used for continuous collection and storage of water samples at different time periods.

[0028] The sampling head assembly 5 integrates a high-frequency ultrasonic sensor at the bottom, with a frequency of 20-50kHz. It has a built-in temperature compensation module to calculate the sound velocity correction value in real time, with a ranging accuracy of ±2mm and a response time of ≤100ms.

[0029] The main frame is a T-shaped mounting bracket 1, made of 316L stainless steel, with four expansion bolt holes at the bottom, and the height is adjustable from 3 to 50 meters. It adopts a split stainless steel frame, fixed by expansion bolts, adaptable to water depths of 3-50 meters, and has a water flow impact resistance rating ≥ ISO19901-6 standard. The top features a 100W solar panel 4 and a lithium battery pack, tilted at 30°, connected to the T-shaped mounting bracket 1 via hinges, supporting continuous operation for 30 days without sunlight.

[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, the sampling head assembly 5 is a cylindrical sampling head. The ultrasonic ranging module is located at the bottom of the cylindrical sampling head. A 60-mesh nylon mesh surrounds the sides of the cylindrical sampling head, and a collection tube of polypropylene membrane 6 is wound inside the cylindrical sampling head. The sampling head adopts a streamlined flow guide shroud to reduce water disturbance during the lifting and lowering process. Combined with a soft start / stop mode, it avoids the impact interference of traditional mechanical adjustment.

[0031] Preferably, the control cabinet 7 integrates an IoT communication module 13. This module uploads sampling data, operating status, and fault warning information to a cloud platform in real time, allowing users to remotely set parameters and control tasks via the cloud platform. The communication module has a built-in LoRa / NB-IoT dual-mode communication module, which uploads sampling data (time, depth, water sample volume) and equipment status (battery level, motor travel, fault codes) to the cloud platform in real time. Users can set sampling parameters (such as trigger thresholds and sampling intervals) and remotely start / pause sampling tasks via a mobile app or PC, achieving unattended monitoring.

[0032] Furthermore, the multi-channel sampling unit includes a 7-channel automatic sampling bottle 10, a sampling frequency of 0.5-24 times / hour, and a single sampling volume of 50-500ml.

[0033] The drive system of the adaptive position adjustment mechanism uses an IP68 waterproof stepper motor, which drives the sampling head assembly 5 to move vertically up and down through a PID control algorithm. The adjustment accuracy is 0.1 mm / step, and the response time is <200 ms, ensuring a constant distance between the sampling port and the sediment interface. Preferably, the adjustment accuracy of the stepper motor 3 and the lead screw guide rail 11 of the adaptive position adjustment mechanism is 0.1 mm / step, the maximum stroke is ≥50 cm, and a soft start / stop control function is provided.

[0034] Preferably, the step of the PID controller controlling the adaptive position adjustment mechanism to adjust the height of the sampling head assembly 5 according to the sediment distance data based on the analysis results includes:

[0035] Data Acquisition: A high-frequency ultrasonic sensor 2 detects the distance to sediments, corrects the sound velocity using a temperature compensation module, and employs a Kalman filter algorithm to remove water ripples, outputting the real-time distance. Dynamic Analysis: A PID controller compares the real-time distance with a preset value to calculate ΔH. The trigger condition is |ΔH| > 5mm, where the preset value is 5-10cm. Height Adjustment: The stepper motor 3 of the adaptive position adjustment mechanism drives the lead screw guide rail 11 to raise and lower the sampling head assembly 5. The displacement is synchronously recorded via encoder feedback. After adjustment, the sampling pump is triggered for automatic sampling. Preferably, when |ΔH| > 20mm within 1 minute, the stepper motor 3 is paused and an alarm is triggered to prevent misoperation.

[0036] Through the above technical solution, the present invention achieves the following functions:

[0037] Dynamic tracking of sediment interface: The sampling head assembly 5 is automatically adjusted in height through real-time ultrasonic ranging to ensure that the sampling port is always located in a stable water layer 5-10cm above the sediment, avoiding the positional deviation of traditional fixed sampling or passive sampling.

[0038] Permanent installation and continuous sampling: The modular bracket design supports long-term fixation at the bottom of the water body. Combined with a solar power system, it enables continuous sampling around the clock, breaking through the limitations of existing equipment that requires "single deployment and manual retrieval".

[0039] Intelligent and remote management: It integrates an IoT communication module to upload sampling data and equipment status in real time, supports remote parameter adjustment, and solves the problems of high maintenance costs and slow response of traditional equipment.

[0040] The intelligent overlying water sampling system of the present invention can be deployed by referring to the following steps:

[0041] (1) Installation and initialization

[0042] The support is fixed to the target water area, and the level of the sampling head is calibrated using a level. The system self-test program is started, and the ultrasonic sensor completes the initial distance measurement to establish the sediment interface reference value.

[0043] (2) Dynamic sampling process

[0044] Distance measurement phase: The sensor measures the distance between the sampling head and the sediment every 10 seconds. If the difference exceeds the preset threshold (e.g., ±5cm), a position adjustment command is triggered.

[0045] Adjustment phase: The stepper motor drives the sampling head assembly to rise and fall, and synchronously records displacement data. After the adjustment is completed, it enters the sampling preparation state.

[0046] Sampling stage: The sampling pump extracts water samples at a constant flow rate (50-200ml / min), and the solenoid valve distributes the samples to the sampling bottles according to the preset channels. After completion, the bottles are automatically sealed and the timestamp is recorded.

[0047] (3) Data management and maintenance

[0048] Sampling data is stored locally on an SD card (≥32GB) and simultaneously uploaded to the cloud via a wireless module, supporting historical data query and trend analysis. The system has a built-in fault diagnosis algorithm that automatically sends warning messages to the administrator terminal when problems such as motor abnormalities or low battery power are detected.

[0049] The intelligent overlying water sampling system based on ultrasonic dynamic ranging of the present invention combines real-time ultrasonic ranging, automatic mechanical adjustment, and permanent installation structure to form an integrated system of "dynamic tracking-continuous sampling-intelligent management". It has good accuracy, reliability, and economy, as detailed below:

[0050] Accuracy: Ultrasonic ranging error <2mm, sampling position adjustment accuracy 0.5mm, ensuring that the collected water sample is taken from the target water layer (5-10cm above the sediment), avoiding the error of traditional fixed sampling (up to ±20cm).

[0051] Reliability: It adopts anti-corrosion materials and IP68 protection level design, is resistant to water environment with pH 2-12, has a continuous operating life of ≥5 years, and the integrity rate of field test data reaches 99.2%.

[0052] Economic advantages: Remote monitoring reduces manual maintenance costs by 70%, solar power reduces energy consumption costs, and it is suitable for large-scale deployment in river and lake monitoring networks.

[0053] The modular design of the intelligent overlying water sampling system of this invention supports rapid installation and maintenance, and can maintain stability under complex hydrological conditions. It meets the requirements of "continuous automatic sampling" in the "Technical Specification for Monitoring Surface Water Environmental Quality" HJ91.2 and is suitable for various professional scenarios.

[0054] This invention presents an intelligent overlying water sampling system that uses high-frequency ultrasound to detect the distance to the sediment interface in real time, combined with an adaptive stepper motor to adjust the sampling head height, enabling dynamic tracking of the target water layer. The system adopts a modular, permanently installed design, integrating solar power supply and IoT monitoring functions. It can continuously collect overlying water samples at different depths over long periods, making it suitable for scenarios such as river and lake ecological monitoring and pollution source tracing. Compared with existing passive sampling systems, this invention significantly improves sampling accuracy, real-time performance, and automation, and has significant value for environmental monitoring applications.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart overlying water sampling system based on ultrasonic dynamic distance adjustment, characterized in that: The system includes an ultrasonic ranging module, a T-shaped mounting bracket (1), an adaptive position adjustment mechanism, and a multi-channel sampling unit. The T-shaped mounting bracket (1) is fixed to the bottom of the water body. A solar panel (4) and a lithium battery pack are provided on the top of the T-shaped mounting bracket (1). The adaptive position adjustment mechanism and the multi-channel sampling unit are hung on the top side of the T-shaped mounting bracket (1) above the water surface. The adaptive position adjustment mechanism includes a stepper motor (3) vertically mounted on the T-shaped mounting bracket (1), a lead screw guide rail (11) vertically mounted and connected to the stepper motor (3), an auxiliary guide rail (12) parallel to the lead screw guide rail (11) and connected to the T-shaped mounting bracket (1) at its upper end, and a fixed frame that is movably connected to the auxiliary guide rail (12) and the lead screw guide rail (11) at both ends. The multi-channel sampling unit includes a control cabinet (7), a sampling head assembly (5) connected through a sampling pipeline, a sampling pump, and an electric... The system includes a magnetic valve assembly (8), an automatic sampling bottle (10), and a sampling bottle compartment (9). The sampling head assembly (5) is vertically fixed on the fixed frame. The ultrasonic ranging module is located at the bottom of the sampling head assembly (5). The control cabinet (7) is equipped with a PID controller for controlling the stepper motor (3). The ultrasonic ranging module is used to detect the distance of sediments in real time. The ultrasonic ranging module includes a high-frequency ultrasonic sensor (2), a temperature compensation module, and an anti-interference filtering algorithm. The high-frequency ultrasonic sensor (2) emits sound waves every 10 seconds to detect the distance of sediments. After the data is filtered by the anti-interference filtering algorithm to remove water body fluctuation interference, it is transmitted to the PID controller for dynamic analysis. The PID controller controls the adaptive position adjustment mechanism to adjust the height of the sampling head assembly (5) according to the sediment distance data based on the analysis results. The multi-channel sampling unit is used for continuous collection and storage of water samples at different time periods. The steps of the PID controller controlling the adaptive position adjustment mechanism to adjust the height of the sampling head assembly (5) according to the sediment distance data based on the analysis results include: Data acquisition: The high-frequency ultrasonic sensor (2) detects the distance to the sediment, corrects the sound velocity through the temperature compensation module, and uses the Kalman filter algorithm to remove water body fluctuations and output the real-time distance; Dynamic analysis: The PID controller compares the real-time distance with the preset value and calculates ΔH. The trigger condition is |ΔH|>5mm, and the preset value is 5-10cm. Height adjustment: The stepper motor (3) of the adaptive position adjustment mechanism drives the lead screw guide (11) to lift the sampling head assembly (5) and record the displacement synchronously through encoder feedback. After the adjustment is completed, the sampling pump is triggered to perform automatic sampling.

2. The intelligent overlying water sampling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic ranging module has a ranging accuracy of ≤±2mm and a response time of ≤100ms.

3. The intelligent overlying water sampling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive position adjustment mechanism has an adjustment accuracy of 0.1mm / step for the stepper motor (3) and the lead screw guide (11), a maximum stroke of ≥50cm, and is equipped with a soft start / stop control function.

4. The intelligent overlying water sampling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-channel sampling unit includes a 7-channel automatic sampling bottle (10), a sampling frequency of 0.5-24 times / hour, and a single sampling volume of 50-500ml.

5. The intelligent overlying water sampling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control cabinet (7) integrates an Internet of Things (IoT) communication module (13), which uploads sampling data, operating status and fault warning information to the cloud platform in real time. Users can remotely set parameters and control tasks through the cloud platform.

6. The intelligent overlying water sampling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling head assembly (5) is a cylindrical sampling head. The ultrasonic ranging module is located at the bottom of the cylindrical sampling head. The cylindrical sampling head is surrounded by a 60-mesh nylon mesh. The cylindrical sampling head is wrapped with a collection tube of polypropylene film (6).

7. The intelligent overlying water sampling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When |ΔH|>20mm within 1 minute, pause the stepper motor (3) and trigger an alarm.

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