A comprehensive thermal management system and control method for energy storage power stations

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, specifically to a comprehensive thermal management system and control method for an energy storage power station. The system includes a power station energy storage tank and its internal battery modules and voltage regulating module, as well as external heat dissipation and heat exchange modules. The heat exchange modules are located to the side of the battery modules and form a heat pump heating path and a heat pump cooling path through pipes and heat pipes. In the heat pump heating path, the voltage regulating module performs medium pressure reduction on the medium inlet side and medium pressure increase on the medium outlet side of the heat exchange module. In the heat pump cooling path, the voltage regulating module performs medium pressure increase on the medium inlet side and medium pressure reduction on the medium outlet side. The heat dissipation module is located above the battery modules and forms a vertical natural cooling path with the heat pipes. The three paths can be switched independently. This invention can solve the problems of poor adaptability to all climate scenarios and high energy consumption in existing technologies, significantly extending battery life and reducing operation and maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric energy storage technology, and in particular to a comprehensive thermal management system and control method for an energy storage power station. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of energy storage power stations, the thermal management of lithium-ion battery packs faces severe challenges. Existing technologies are unable to cope with temperature fluctuations in climate-variable regions, which can easily lead to battery capacity degradation, increased risk of thermal runaway, and shortened lifespan.

[0003] Currently, the utility model patent with publication number CN217848083U discloses a power battery thermal management device based on heat pipes and phase change materials. Although it can achieve basic temperature control through passive heat dissipation, its heat dissipation efficiency drops sharply under high temperature or high rate conditions, and it cannot suppress the increase in battery temperature difference. The utility model patent with publication number CN207925600U discloses a lithium battery pack heat sink based on heat pipes. Although it has a simple structure, it completely lacks low-temperature heating capability, causing the battery capacity to drop sharply in cold environments and triggering the risk of lithium plating. The invention patent with publication number CN119713643A discloses a direct cooling heat pump air conditioning system for energy storage temperature control system. Although it supports bidirectional thermal management, its heating performance deteriorates sharply at extreme low temperatures below -20℃, energy consumption surges, and it cannot stably maintain the battery operating temperature.

[0004] Therefore, current battery thermal management methods are not adaptable to all climate scenarios, and the system energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs remain high. There is an urgent need for an innovative thermal management system that can integrate passive high-efficiency heat dissipation and active low-temperature heating, while also taking into account energy efficiency under extreme operating conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide an integrated thermal management system and control method for energy storage power stations, so as to solve the problem of high battery energy consumption and performance degradation caused by the inability of the thermal management system to efficiently maintain battery temperature in areas with variable climates.

[0006] This invention discloses a comprehensive thermal management system for an energy storage power station, including a power station energy storage tank, a battery module and a voltage regulating module installed inside the energy storage tank, and a heat dissipation module and a heat exchange module installed outside the energy storage tank for heat exchange with the external environment. The battery module is equipped with heat pipes, and the heat exchange module is located to the side of the battery module. The heat pipes and the heat exchange module are connected by pipelines to form a heat pump heating path. The voltage regulating module is located on the heat pump heating path at the medium inlet side of the heat exchange module to depressurize the medium, and simultaneously located on the heat pump heating path at the medium outlet side of the heat exchange module to pressurize the medium. A heat pump cooling path is formed by connecting the heat pipe and the heat exchange module through a pipeline. The pressure regulating module is located on the heat pump cooling path and is arranged on the medium inlet side of the heat exchange module to pressurize the medium. At the same time, it is located on the heat pump cooling path and is arranged on the medium outlet side of the heat exchange module to depressurize the medium. The heat dissipation module is arranged above the battery module, and the heat pipe is connected to the heat dissipation module to form a vertical natural cooling path. The heat pump heating path, the heat pump cooling path, and the natural cooling path can be switched independently, and the ambient temperature of the heat exchange module is different when the heat pump heating path and the heat pump cooling path are running independently.

[0007] Optionally, the pressure regulating module includes a first expansion valve and an air conditioning compressor;

[0008] The first expansion valve is located on the heat pump heating path and is arranged on the medium inlet side of the heat exchange module to reduce the medium pressure, while the air conditioning compressor is located on the heat pump heating path and is arranged on the medium outlet side of the heat exchange module to increase the medium pressure.

[0009] Optionally, the heat pump heating path includes a first medium pipeline, a second medium pipeline, a third medium pipeline, and a fourth medium pipeline;

[0010] One end of the heat pipe is connected to the medium inlet of the first expansion valve through the first medium pipeline, and the medium outlet of the first expansion valve is connected to the medium inlet of the heat exchange module through the second medium pipeline.

[0011] The medium outlet of the heat exchange module is connected to the medium inlet of the air conditioning compressor through the third medium pipeline, and the medium outlet of the air conditioning compressor is connected to the other end of the heat pipe through the fourth medium pipeline.

[0012] Optionally, the pressure regulating module further includes a second expansion valve, which is located on the heat pump cooling path and disposed on the medium outlet side of the heat exchange module to reduce the medium pressure, and the air conditioning compressor is also located on the heat pump cooling path and disposed on the medium inlet side of the heat exchange module to increase the medium pressure.

[0013] Optionally, the heat pump cooling path includes a fifth medium pipeline, a sixth medium pipeline, and a seventh medium pipeline;

[0014] One end of the heat pipe is connected to the medium inlet of the air conditioner compressor through the fifth medium pipeline, and the medium outlet of the air conditioner compressor is connected to the medium inlet of the heat exchange module through the sixth medium pipeline.

[0015] The third medium pipeline is also connected to the medium inlet of the second expansion valve, and the medium outlet of the second expansion valve is connected to the other end of the heat pipe through the seventh medium pipeline.

[0016] Optionally, a first solenoid valve is provided on the fifth medium pipeline, a second solenoid valve is provided on the sixth medium pipeline, and a third solenoid valve is provided on the fourth medium pipeline.

[0017] Optionally, the heat exchange module includes a heat exchanger and a heat exchange fan disposed on one side of the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger has a finned structure, and the airflow direction of the heat exchange fan forms convection with the heat exchange path inside the heat exchanger.

[0018] Optionally, the heat dissipation module includes a vertically arranged heat pipe and a plurality of heat dissipation fins arranged on the heat pipe. A three-way valve is provided at one end of the heat pipe. One valve port of the three-way valve is connected to the bottom end of the heat pipe, and the other valve port of the three-way valve is connected to the first medium pipeline and the fifth medium pipeline respectively.

[0019] Optionally, the battery module includes multiple battery cells arranged side by side, and the heat pipe is sequentially wrapped around the surface of each battery cell.

[0020] The present invention also discloses a control method for controlling the above-mentioned integrated thermal management system of an energy storage power station, the control method comprising:

[0021] When the monitored temperature of the battery module is lower than the preset operating range and the ambient temperature of the heat exchange module is higher than the preset heating threshold, the control switches to the heat pump heating path and drives the working fluid to circulate along the heat pump heating path to release heat to the battery module.

[0022] When the monitored temperature of the battery module is higher than a preset safety threshold, the control switches to the heat pump cooling path and drives the working fluid to circulate along the heat pump cooling path to absorb heat from the battery module.

[0023] When the monitored temperature of the battery module is within a preset operating range, the system switches to a natural cooling path and drives the working fluid to dissipate heat along the natural cooling path before returning to the heat pipe.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the integrated thermal management system and control method for energy storage power stations provided in this embodiment of the invention are as follows:

[0025] The heat pump achieves efficient temperature control across all climates through the synergistic action of heat pipes, heat exchange modules, heat dissipation modules, and voltage regulation modules. Specifically, in the heat pump heating path, the voltage regulation module depressurizes the medium at the inlet side of the heat exchange module to generate a low-temperature gaseous working fluid, which absorbs heat from the environment through the heat exchange module. Simultaneously, it pressurizes the medium at the outlet side to form a high-temperature gaseous working fluid, driving the working fluid to stably release heat to the battery module, mitigating the risks of battery capacity decay and lithium plating in low-temperature environments. In the heat pump cooling path, the voltage regulation module pressurizes the medium at the inlet side of the heat exchange module to generate a high-temperature gaseous working fluid that dissipates heat to the environment. Simultaneously, it depressurizes the medium at the outlet side to form a low-temperature liquid working fluid, efficiently absorbing heat from the battery module and preventing high-temperature thermal runaway. In the natural cooling path, the working fluid rises naturally along the vertical heat pipe to the heat dissipation module, where it condenses and releases heat. Gravity recirculation then achieves zero-power heat dissipation, significantly reducing system energy consumption. The three independent switching mechanisms effectively address temperature fluctuations in climate-variable regions. The heat exchange module adapts to ambient temperature differently in the heat pump heating and cooling paths. Combining the advantages of passive heat dissipation from heat pipes and active temperature regulation from heat pumps, it solves the problems of weak adaptability to all climate scenarios and high energy consumption of existing technologies, significantly extending battery life and reducing operation and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the accompanying drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the integrated thermal management system for an energy storage power station provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the flow direction of the heat pump heating path provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the flow direction of the heat pump cooling path provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the flow direction structure of the natural cooling path provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] The markings in the attached diagram are as follows:

[0032] 1. Power station energy storage box; 2. Battery module; 3. Voltage regulating module; 31. First expansion valve; 32. Air conditioning compressor; 33. Second expansion valve; 4. Heat dissipation module; 41. Heat pipe; 42. Heat sink; 5. Heat exchange module; 51. Heat exchanger; 52. Heat exchange fan; 6. Heat pipe; 61. Three-way valve; 7. Heat pump heating path; 70. First medium pipeline; 71. Second medium pipeline; 72. Third medium pipeline; 73. Fourth medium pipeline; 731. Third solenoid valve; 8. Heat pump cooling path; 81. Fifth medium pipeline; 811. First solenoid valve; 82. Sixth medium pipeline; 821. Second solenoid valve; 83. Seventh medium pipeline. Detailed Implementation

[0033] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] This invention discloses an integrated thermal management system for energy storage power stations, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a power station energy storage box 1, a battery module 2 and a voltage regulating module 3 installed inside the power station energy storage box 1, and a heat dissipation module 4 and a heat exchange module 5 installed outside the power station energy storage box 1 for heat exchange with the external environment. The battery module 2 is equipped with a heat pipe 6, and the heat exchange module 5 is located to the side of the battery module 2. The heat pipe 6 and the heat exchange module 5 are connected by a pipeline to form a heat pump heating path 7. The voltage regulating module 3 is located on the heat pump heating path 7 at the medium inlet side of the heat exchange module 5 to reduce the medium pressure, and simultaneously located on the heat pump heating path 7 at the medium outlet side of the heat exchange module 5 to increase the medium pressure. The heat pipe 6 and the heat exchange module 5 are connected by a pipeline to form a heat pump heating path 7. The heat exchange modules 5 are connected by pipes to form a heat pump cooling path 8. The pressure regulating module 3 is located on the heat pump cooling path 8 and is arranged on the medium inlet side of the heat exchange module 5 to pressurize the medium. At the same time, it is located on the heat pump cooling path 8 and is arranged on the medium outlet side of the heat exchange module 5 to depressurize the medium. The heat dissipation module 4 is arranged above the battery module 2, and the heat pipe 6 is connected to the heat dissipation module 4 to form a vertical natural cooling path. The heat pump heating path 7, the heat pump cooling path 8 and the natural cooling path can be switched independently, and the ambient temperature of the heat exchange module 5 is different when the heat pump heating path 7 and the heat pump cooling path 8 are running independently.

[0035] Through the implementation of the above-described integrated thermal management system for energy storage power stations, the collaborative innovative design of heat pipe 6, heat exchange module 5, heat dissipation module 4, and pressure regulating module 3 achieves comprehensive adaptation to temperature fluctuations in climate-variable regions, thus overcoming the inherent defects of existing technologies that cannot handle extreme high and low temperature conditions. Specifically, during the operation of the heat pump heating path 7, the pressure regulating module 3 performs a medium depressurization operation on the medium inlet side of the heat exchange module 5, enabling the working fluid to achieve low-temperature gaseous conversion and efficiently absorb ambient heat at the heat exchange module 5. Simultaneously, it performs medium pressurization on the medium outlet side to form a high-temperature gaseous working fluid, driving the working fluid to circulate in a closed loop along battery module 2 → pressure regulating module 3 depressurization → heat exchange module 5 → pressure regulating module 3 compression, continuously releasing stable heat energy to battery module 2. This not only overcomes the fatal defect of the complete lack of low-temperature heating capability in existing technologies but also effectively eliminates the risk of precipitous battery capacity decline and lithium plating during charging in environments above -20℃. Under heat pump heating path 7, the outside temperature is not lower than -20℃. This state is suitable for situations where the outside temperature is not very low but the temperature of battery module 2 is lower than the recommended temperature range, thereby heating battery module 2 by absorbing external heat.

[0036] During the operation of the heat pump cooling path 8, the pressure regulating module 3 precisely pressurizes the medium at the medium inlet side of the heat exchange module 5 to generate a high-temperature gaseous working fluid. This working fluid is then forced to efficiently dissipate heat to the environment through the heat exchange module 5. Simultaneously, at the medium outlet side, the medium is depressurized to form a low-temperature liquid working fluid. This working fluid efficiently absorbs battery heat through a closed-loop flow along the path: battery module 2 → pressure regulating module 3 (pressurization) → heat exchange module 5 → pressure regulating module 3 (depressurization). This addresses the technical bottleneck of rapid heat dissipation efficiency drops and temperature runaway under high-temperature, high-rate conditions in existing technologies, significantly suppressing the risk of thermal runaway. This configuration is suitable for situations where both the battery module 2 temperature and the ambient temperature are high, requiring forced cooling of the battery module 2 to prevent thermal runaway and other problems.

[0037] During the natural cooling process, heat pipe 6 and the heat dissipation module 4, vertically positioned above battery module 2, form a gravity-driven loop. After the working fluid absorbs heat and evaporates in battery module 2, it naturally rises along heat pipe 6 to heat dissipation module 4, where it condenses and releases heat. This zero-power recirculation cycle, achieved by gravity, completely avoids the energy consumption spikes seen in existing technologies under extreme conditions. This process requires no intervention from the voltage regulation module 3, fully leveraging the passive heat dissipation advantage of heat pipe 6's high thermal conductivity. In this state, heat pipe 6 is suitable for environments with moderate temperatures and relatively low battery module 2 temperatures. Natural cooling is sufficient to meet the heat dissipation needs of battery module 2. Due to the high thermal conductivity of heat pipe 6, cooling of battery module 2 is achieved without consuming electricity under suitable ambient temperatures, representing a low-power, high-efficiency cooling mode.

[0038] Therefore, this embodiment of the invention utilizes an independent switching mechanism for three paths to ensure that the heat exchange module 5 adapts differently to environmental temperature requirements in the heat pump heating path 7 and the heat pump cooling path 8. Specifically, the heating path requires temperatures above a certain critical value, while the cooling path has no such restriction. This not only overcomes the limitations of traditional thermal management systems in climate-varying regions but also fundamentally reduces operation and maintenance costs through structural simplification. Specifically, the heat pump heating path 7 can completely replace traditional electric heating for energy-saving heating, the heat pump cooling path 8 avoids reliance on phase change materials, and the natural cooling path maximizes the use of ambient temperature differences to achieve zero-power temperature control. Ultimately, this achieves stable temperature maintenance throughout the battery's entire lifecycle, curbing capacity decay and extending service life. Simultaneously, through path synergistic optimization, it significantly reduces the overall system energy consumption, providing energy storage power stations with a highly reliable, low-cost, all-weather core solution for battery thermal management.

[0039] Furthermore, combined Figure 2 As shown, the pressure regulating module 3 includes a first expansion valve 31 and an air conditioning compressor 32;

[0040] The first expansion valve 31 is located on the heat pump heating path 7 and is arranged on the medium inlet side of the heat exchange module 5 to reduce the medium pressure, while the air conditioning compressor 32 is located on the heat pump heating path 7 and is arranged on the medium outlet side of the heat exchange module 5 to increase the medium pressure.

[0041] Furthermore, the heat pump heating path 7 includes a first medium pipeline 70, a second medium pipeline 71, a third medium pipeline 72, and a fourth medium pipeline 73;

[0042] One end of the heat pipe 6 is connected to the medium inlet of the first expansion valve 31 through the first medium pipeline 70, and the medium outlet of the first expansion valve 31 is connected to the medium inlet of the heat exchange module 5 through the second medium pipeline 71.

[0043] The medium outlet of the heat exchange module 5 is connected to the medium inlet of the air conditioning compressor 32 through the third medium pipeline 72, and the medium outlet of the air conditioning compressor 32 is connected to the other end of the heat pipe 6 through the fourth medium pipeline 73.

[0044] Through the implementation of the above-described integrated thermal management system for energy storage power stations, the heat pump heating path 7 achieves precise and efficient heat transfer under low-temperature conditions through the directional layout of the first expansion valve 31, the air conditioning compressor 32, and four medium pipelines. Specifically, the first expansion valve 31, located on the medium inlet side of the heat exchange module 5, performs a medium depressurization operation, causing the high-pressure working fluid from the heat pipe 6 to enter through the first medium pipeline 70 and be converted into a low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous working fluid. This gaseous fluid is then transported to the heat exchange module 5 through the second medium pipeline 71 to fully absorb ambient heat. The air conditioning compressor 32, located on the medium outlet side of the heat exchange module 5, performs a medium pressurization operation, compressing the heat-absorbing working fluid through the third medium pipeline 72 into a high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous state, which is then transported back to the heat pipe 6 via the fourth medium pipeline 73 to release heat energy to the battery module 2. This path design relies on the dual synergistic mechanism of medium depressurization and medium pressurization of the pressure regulating module 3 to overcome the heating bottleneck of existing technologies at extreme low temperatures. The deep pressure reduction created by the first expansion valve 31 on the medium inlet side activates the efficient heat absorption potential of the working fluid at the heat exchange module 5, while the powerful pressurization of the air conditioning compressor 32 on the medium outlet side ensures a stable transfer of heat energy to the battery module 2, completely replacing the traditional electric heating mode. Furthermore, the closed-loop connection of the four medium pipelines not only ensures physical isolation of the working fluid flow path but also enhances the functional purity of the components. For example, the first expansion valve 31 focuses on pressure reduction to generate the heat-absorbing working fluid, and the air conditioning compressor 32 focuses on pressurization to improve the heat energy quality, thereby significantly reducing system energy loss. Simultaneously, this structure can seamlessly switch with natural cooling paths through standardized interfaces, achieving full adaptability optimization of the thermal management system in climate-variable regions.

[0045] Furthermore, combined Figure 3 As shown, the pressure regulating module 3 also includes a second expansion valve 33, which is located on the heat pump refrigeration path 8 and is arranged on the medium outlet side of the heat exchange module 5 to reduce the medium pressure. The air conditioning compressor 32 is also located on the heat pump refrigeration path 8 and is arranged on the medium inlet side of the heat exchange module 5 to increase the medium pressure.

[0046] Furthermore, the heat pump cooling path 8 includes a fifth medium pipeline 81, a sixth medium pipeline 82, and a seventh medium pipeline 83;

[0047] One end of the heat pipe 6 is connected to the medium inlet of the air conditioning compressor 32 through the fifth medium pipeline 81, and the medium outlet of the air conditioning compressor 32 is connected to the medium inlet of the heat exchange module 5 through the sixth medium pipeline 82.

[0048] The third medium pipeline 72 is also connected to the medium inlet of the second expansion valve 33, and the medium outlet of the second expansion valve 33 is connected to the other end of the heat pipe 6 through the seventh medium pipeline 83.

[0049] Furthermore, a first solenoid valve 811 is installed on the fifth medium pipeline 81, a second solenoid valve 821 is installed on the sixth medium pipeline 82, and a third solenoid valve 731 is installed on the fourth medium pipeline 73.

[0050] Through the implementation of the above-described integrated thermal management system for energy storage power stations, precise temperature control under high-temperature conditions is achieved using the heat pump cooling path 8 via the directional layout of the second expansion valve 33, the air conditioning compressor 32, and three medium pipelines. Specifically, the air conditioning compressor 32, located on the medium inlet side of the heat exchange module 5, performs a medium pressurization operation, compressing the working fluid from the heat pipe 6 into a high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous state via the fifth medium pipeline 81, and then transporting it to the heat exchange module 5 for forced heat dissipation via the sixth medium pipeline 82. The second expansion valve 33, located on the medium outlet side of the heat exchange module 5, performs a medium depressurization operation, causing the working fluid that has completed environmental heat dissipation to enter through the third medium pipeline 72 and transform into a low-temperature, low-pressure liquid state, which is then transported to the heat pipe 6 via the seventh medium pipeline 83 to efficiently absorb heat from the battery module 2. This path, relying on the synergistic mechanism of the pressure reduction at the medium outlet side of the second expansion valve 33 and the pressurization at the medium inlet side of the air conditioning compressor 32, completely solves the problem of reduced heat dissipation efficiency under high-temperature conditions. That is, the air conditioning compressor 32 outputs high pressure on the medium inlet side of the heat exchange module 5 to enhance the heat dissipation power of the heat exchange module 5, and uses the second expansion valve 33 to generate deep low pressure on the medium outlet side of the heat exchange module 5 to ensure the strong heat absorption capacity of the working fluid at the heat pipe 6, so as to completely replace the traditional cooling mode.

[0051] Furthermore, a triple isolation barrier is formed by the first solenoid valve 811 on the fifth medium pipeline 81, the second solenoid valve 821 on the sixth medium pipeline 82, and the third solenoid valve 731 on the fourth medium pipeline 73, ensuring physical isolation between the heat pump heating path 7 and the heat pump cooling path 8 and avoiding the risk of medium crosstalk. At the same time, the closed-loop design of the three medium pipelines not only achieves the functional purity of the pressure regulating module 3 (e.g., the second expansion valve 33 focuses on reducing pressure to generate heat-absorbing working fluid, and the air conditioning compressor 32 focuses on increasing pressure to enhance heat dissipation intensity), but also provides a plug-and-play interface for the natural cooling path. For example, closing each solenoid valve can switch to gravity cooling mode. Thus, the standardized pipeline and modular valve design ultimately achieve high reliability, low energy consumption, and zero-interference switching of battery thermal management in all climate scenarios.

[0052] Furthermore, the heat exchange module 5 includes a heat exchanger 51 and a heat exchange fan 52 disposed on one side of the heat exchanger 51. The heat exchanger 51 has a finned structure, and the airflow direction of the heat exchange fan 52 forms convection with the heat exchange path inside the heat exchanger 51.

[0053] Through the implementation of the above-described integrated thermal management system for energy storage power stations, when switching to the heat pump cooling path 8, the heat exchange fan 52 starts synchronously. Its airflow direction forms a forced vertical convection with the flow direction of the working fluid inside the finned heat exchanger 51. The high-speed airflow penetrates the gaps between the dense fins and directly strips away the heat released by the high-temperature working fluid in the condensation section, thus solving the core defect of natural convection heat dissipation failure when the ambient temperature approaches the condensation temperature of the working fluid. That is, in the heat pump heating path 7 and the natural cooling path, the heat exchange fan 52 remains in the off state to avoid ineffective energy consumption in low-temperature environments or natural heat dissipation scenarios. This precisely matches the unique load requirements of the heat exchange module 5 in the heat pump cooling path 8: the high-temperature gaseous working fluid generated by the air conditioning compressor 32 pressurizing on the medium inlet side in the heat pump cooling path 8 needs to be quickly condensed in the heat exchange module 5. However, under high-temperature conditions, the finned structure alone cannot maintain a sufficient heat dissipation temperature difference. At this time, the forced convection of the fan doubles the heat exchange efficiency, ensuring that the working fluid fully releases heat before being depressurized by the second expansion valve 33 on the medium outlet side. Furthermore, the airflow direction of the heat exchange fan 52 is forced to convect with the internal flow channel of the heat exchanger 51 to reduce the overall energy consumption of the system.

[0054] Furthermore, combined Figure 4 As shown, the heat dissipation module 4 includes a vertically arranged heat pipe 41 and several heat sinks 42 arranged on the heat pipe 41. A three-way valve 61 is provided at one end of the heat pipe 6. One of the valve ports of the three-way valve 61 is connected to the bottom end of the heat pipe 41, and the other valve port of the three-way valve 61 is connected to the first medium pipeline 70 and the fifth medium pipeline 81 respectively.

[0055] Through the implementation of the above-described integrated thermal management system for energy storage power stations, the vertically positioned heat pipe 41, combined with gravity, naturally drives the recirculation of the condensing working fluid. The densely distributed heat sinks 42 maximize the heat dissipation surface area, significantly improving the zero-power heat dissipation efficiency of the natural cooling path. The three-way valve 61 serves as the core switching hub. Its first valve port is directly connected to the bottom of the heat pipe 41, forming the inlet of the natural cooling path. The second valve port is physically connected in parallel to the first medium pipeline 70 of the heat pump heating path 7 and the fifth medium pipeline 81 of the heat pump cooling path 8, respectively. The valve core angle controls the precise opening or closing of the path: when switching to natural cooling, the three-way valve 61 blocks the first / fifth medium pipeline 81 and opens the heat pipe 41 channel. The working fluid rises along the heat pipe 6 to the heat pipe 41, is passively condensed by the heat sinks 42, and then flows back by gravity. When switching to the heat pump heating or cooling path, the three-way valve 61 closes the heat pipe 41 channel and opens the corresponding medium pipeline, ensuring that the working fluid circulation in the active temperature regulation path is not disturbed. This solves the risk of multipath crosstalk. By utilizing the mechanical isolation characteristics of the three-way valve 61, physical isolation of the three paths is achieved, thereby ultimately achieving efficient and stable switching of thermal management modes with a single control node, providing zero-interference, full-lifecycle battery thermal management protection for climate-variable regions.

[0056] Furthermore, the battery module 2 includes multiple battery cells arranged side by side, with heat pipes 6 sequentially covering the surface of each battery cell.

[0057] Through the implementation of the above-described integrated thermal management system for energy storage power stations, heat pipes 6 are sequentially wrapped around the surfaces of multiple parallel battery cells to form a continuously covered heat-conducting network. This allows the heat generated by each battery cell to be instantly absorbed by the working fluid of the heat pipes 6 and rapidly conducted axially, eliminating the temperature gradient caused by uneven heat dissipation paths between battery cells in traditional solutions. Furthermore, when the battery cells enter a high-rate charge / discharge state, the heat pipe 6 covering structure efficiently dissipates locally accumulated heat through a phase change in the working fluid, simultaneously transferring it to the heat dissipation module 4 or the heat exchange module 5, significantly suppressing the risk of thermal runaway chain reactions. This structure also eliminates the additional assembly space and interface contact thermal resistance of traditional liquid cooling plates through the physical integration of heat pipes 6 and battery cells, making the overall system structure more compact and reliable. Simultaneously, it provides homogenized heat source interfaces for the heat pump heating path 7, the heat pump cooling path 8, and the natural cooling path, ensuring the synchronicity and stability of temperature response when switching between the three paths.

[0058] The present invention also discloses a control method for controlling the above-mentioned integrated thermal management system of the energy storage power station, the control method comprising:

[0059] When the monitored temperature of the battery module 2 is lower than the preset operating range and the ambient temperature of the heat exchange module 5 is higher than the preset heating threshold, the control switches to the heat pump heating path 7 and drives the working fluid to circulate along the heat pump heating path 7 to release heat to the battery module 2.

[0060] When the monitored temperature of battery module 2 is higher than the preset safety threshold, the control switches to heat pump cooling path 8 and drives the working fluid to circulate along heat pump cooling path 8 to absorb heat from battery module 2.

[0061] When the monitored temperature of battery module 2 is within the preset operating range, it switches to the natural cooling path and drives the working fluid to dissipate heat along the natural cooling path and then flow back to heat pipe 6.

[0062] Through the implementation of the above control method embodiments, a temperature-driven three-path autonomous switching mechanism is used to solve the challenges of real-time performance, energy efficiency, and safety coordination in battery thermal management in climate-variable regions. Specifically, when the temperature of battery module 2 is detected to be below the preset operating range and the ambient temperature of heat exchange module 5 is above the heating threshold, the system immediately switches to the heat pump heating path 7. The working fluid is driven by the pressure regulating module 3 to absorb heat by depressurization at the medium inlet side and release heat by pressurization at the medium outlet side of heat exchange module 5, precisely releasing heat energy to battery module 2 to avoid the capacity drop caused by low-temperature heating failure in traditional solutions. When the temperature of battery module 2 is above the preset safety threshold, it automatically switches to the heat pump cooling path 8. Under the control of the pressure regulating module 3, the working fluid is pressurized to release heat at the medium inlet side and depressurized to absorb heat at the medium outlet side of heat exchange module 5, efficiently absorbing battery heat to eliminate the risk of thermal runaway and overcome the defect of sudden drop in heat dissipation efficiency under high-temperature conditions. When the temperature of battery module 2 is within the preset operating range, it seamlessly switches to the natural cooling path. The working fluid rises vertically through the heat pipe 6 to the heat dissipation module 4, passively condenses, and then flows back by gravity, achieving zero-power temperature control. Thus, following the differentiated operation principle of heat exchange module 5 requiring ambient temperature above the critical value in heat pump heating path 7, while having no such restriction in cooling path, mode crosstalk is eliminated through independent path switching. At the same time, combined with the pressure reduction / pressure boosting coordinated operation of pressure regulating module 3, the goal of extending battery life, fundamentally reducing energy consumption, and eliminating safety risks in all climate scenarios is achieved while maintaining structural simplicity.

[0063] It should be understood that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Those skilled in the art can modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and all such modifications and substitutions should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated thermal management system for an energy storage power plant, characterized by: The energy storage power station comprehensive thermal management system comprises an energy storage box of a power station, a battery module and a pressure regulating module arranged in the energy storage box of the power station, and a heat dissipation module and a heat exchange module arranged outside the energy storage box of the power station and in contact with the external environment for heat exchange, and a heat pipe is arranged on the battery module; The heat exchange module is arranged on the side of the battery module, a heat pump heating path is formed by connecting the heat pipe and the heat exchange module through a pipeline, the pressure regulating module is arranged on the medium inlet side of the heat exchange module on the heat pump heating path to reduce the pressure of the medium, and is arranged on the medium outlet side of the heat exchange module on the heat pump heating path to increase the pressure of the medium; A heat pump refrigeration path is formed by connecting the heat pipe and the heat exchange module through a pipeline, the pressure regulating module is arranged on the medium inlet side of the heat exchange module on the heat pump refrigeration path to increase the pressure of the medium, and is arranged on the medium outlet side of the heat exchange module on the heat pump refrigeration path to reduce the pressure of the medium; The heat dissipation module is arranged above the battery module, and the heat pipe and the heat dissipation module are connected to form a vertical natural cooling path; The heat pump heating path, the heat pump refrigeration path and the natural cooling path are independently switched, and the heat exchange module is in different environments when independently operating in the heat pump heating path and the heat pump refrigeration path.

2. The integrated thermal management system for an energy storage power plant of claim 1, wherein: The pressure regulating module comprises a first expansion valve and an air conditioner compressor; The first expansion valve is arranged on the medium inlet side of the heat exchange module on the heat pump heating path to reduce the pressure of the medium, and the air conditioner compressor is arranged on the medium outlet side of the heat exchange module on the heat pump heating path to increase the pressure of the medium.

3. The integrated thermal management system for an energy storage power plant of claim 2, wherein: The heat pump heating path comprises a first medium pipeline, a second medium pipeline, a third medium pipeline and a fourth medium pipeline; One end of the heat pipe is connected with the medium inlet of the first expansion valve through the first medium pipeline, and the medium outlet of the first expansion valve is connected with the medium inlet of the heat exchange module through the second medium pipeline; The medium outlet of the heat exchange module is connected with the medium inlet of the air conditioner compressor through the third medium pipeline, and the medium outlet of the air conditioner compressor is connected with the other end of the heat pipe through the fourth medium pipeline.

4. The integrated thermal management system for an energy storage power plant of claim 3, wherein: The pressure regulating module further comprises a second expansion valve, the second expansion valve is arranged on the medium outlet side of the heat exchange module on the heat pump refrigeration path to reduce the pressure of the medium, and the air conditioner compressor is also arranged on the medium inlet side of the heat exchange module on the heat pump refrigeration path to increase the pressure of the medium.

5. The integrated thermal management system for an energy storage power plant of claim 4, wherein: The heat pump refrigeration path comprises a fifth medium pipeline, a sixth medium pipeline and a seventh medium pipeline; One end of the heat pipe is connected with the medium inlet of the air conditioner compressor through the fifth medium pipeline, and the medium outlet of the air conditioner compressor is connected with the medium inlet of the heat exchange module through the sixth medium pipeline; The third medium pipeline is further connected with the medium inlet of the second expansion valve, and the medium outlet of the second expansion valve is connected with the other end of the heat pipe through the seventh medium pipeline.

6. The integrated thermal management system for an energy storage power plant of claim 5, wherein: The first electromagnetic valve is arranged on the fifth medium pipeline, the second electromagnetic valve is arranged on the sixth medium pipeline, and the third electromagnetic valve is arranged on the fourth medium pipeline.

7. The integrated thermal management system for an energy storage power plant of claim 5, wherein: The heat exchange module comprises a heat exchanger and a heat exchange fan arranged on one side of the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is in a fin structure, and the air direction of the heat exchange fan forms a convection with a heat exchange path in the heat exchanger.

8. The integrated thermal management system for an energy storage power plant of claim 5, wherein: The heat dissipation module comprises a heat rod arranged vertically, and a plurality of heat dissipation fins arranged on the heat rod, one end of the heat pipe is provided with a three-way valve, one valve port of the three-way valve is connected with the bottom end of the heat rod, and the other valve ports of the three-way valve are respectively connected with the first medium pipeline and the fifth medium pipeline.

9. The integrated thermal management system of an energy storage power plant of claim 1, wherein: The battery module comprises a plurality of battery units arranged side by side, and the heat pipe is sequentially wrapped on the surface of each battery unit.

10. A control method for controlling the integrated thermal management system of an energy storage power plant according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that The control method comprises: in response to the monitoring temperature of the battery module being lower than a preset working range and the ambient temperature of the heat exchange module being higher than a preset heating critical value, the heat pump heating path is switched, and the working medium is driven to circulate along the heat pump heating path to release heat to the battery module; in response to the monitoring temperature of the battery module being higher than a preset safety threshold, the heat pump cooling path is switched, and the working medium is driven to circulate along the heat pump cooling path to absorb heat from the battery module; in response to the monitoring temperature of the battery module being in the preset working range, the natural cooling path is switched, and the working medium is driven to dissipate heat and then backflow to the heat pipe.

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