Welding tool clamp for machining heat insulation and shock absorption base plate special for molten salt pump

Abstract

The invention discloses a welding tool clamp for machining a heat insulation and shock absorption base plate special for a molten salt pump, and belongs to the technical field of molten salt pumps. The abutting force regulation and control system constructs a model output light beam environment coefficient, a welding state coefficient, a material characteristic coefficient and a flow velocity-purity adaptation degree through a light beam environment analysis module, a welding state analysis module, a material characteristic analysis module and a gas state analysis module. The abutting force optimization module calculates and outputs a dynamic target abutting force through an abutting force optimization model based on the coefficient and the reference abutting force. According to the method, the welding abutting force can be intelligently adjusted according to the real-time working condition, fluctuation interference of the environment and technological parameters is effectively overcome, the problems that an existing fixed abutting force mode easily causes welding deformation and unstable quality are solved, and the precision and reliability of base plate welding are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of molten salt pump technology, and particularly relates to a welding fixture for processing a special heat insulation and shock absorption pad for molten salt pumps. Background Technology

[0002] Molten salt pumps are core equipment in high-temperature systems such as concentrated solar power (CSP) and molten salt energy storage, generating significant vibration and high-temperature heat transfer during operation. To improve pump stability and prevent thermal bridges, specialized heat-insulating and vibration-damping pads must be installed on their mounting base. These pads typically consist of a metal partition and a spring column (for housing the buffer spring) welded to it. The key to their manufacturing lies in the high-precision, high-quality welding of the column onto the pad. A dedicated welding fixture is crucial for ensuring the column's positioning accuracy, welding process stability, and ultimately, the heat-insulating and vibration-damping performance of the final product.

[0003] Currently, welding of these types of backing plates mostly employs traditional general-purpose fixtures or simple custom-made tooling. Existing technical solutions primarily rely on mechanical positioning and clamping, such as using bolt plates, V-blocks, or simple cylinders to fix the workpiece. The resistance force during the welding process is usually a pre-set fixed value or manually adjusted by workers based on experience, lacking the ability to dynamically optimize according to real-time working conditions.

[0004] However, the aforementioned existing technologies have obvious drawbacks: First, the welding process is easily affected by fluctuations in ambient temperature, dust, and shielding gas conditions. The clamping force with fixed parameters cannot adapt to these changes, resulting in poor welding consistency. Second, laser welding itself is a highly coupled process involving multiple parameters (such as power, speed, and defocusing amount). Furthermore, different material properties (absorption rate, coefficient of thermal expansion) respond differently to heat input and strain. Traditional fixtures cannot take these complex factors into account to optimize the clamping force, which can easily lead to defects such as welding deformation, incomplete welding, or cracks due to thermal stress concentration, seriously affecting the yield and reliability of the backing plate. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a welding fixture for processing heat-insulating and shock-absorbing pads for molten salt pumps, thus solving the aforementioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a welding fixture for processing a heat-insulating and shock-absorbing pad for a molten salt pump, comprising a device body 1, a positioning mechanism 2 for positioning the pad, and a pressing mechanism 3 for confining a column (for placing a buffer spring) on ​​a partition plate, and further comprising:

[0007] The pressure adjustment system is used to regulate the pressure exerted by the column on the backing plate during welding, including:

[0008] The beam environment state analysis module constructs a beam environment model based on ambient temperature and ambient dust concentration, and outputs beam environment coefficients.

[0009] The welding condition analysis module constructs a welding condition model based on welding speed, focal depth (distance from the workpiece surface, i.e., defocusing amount), laser power, and spot diameter, and outputs welding condition coefficients.

[0010] The material property analysis module constructs a material property model based on the material's laser absorptivity, surface roughness, thermal conductivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion, and outputs material property coefficients.

[0011] The gas state analysis module constructs a flow rate-purity adaptation model based on the shielding gas flow rate and shielding gas purity under the welding state coefficient and material property coefficient, and outputs the flow rate-purity adaptation degree.

[0012] The pressure optimization module constructs a pressure optimization model based on flow rate-purity compatibility, beam environment coefficient, and baseline pressure, and outputs the target pressure.

[0013] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention also provides the following optional technical solutions:

[0014] A further technical solution: The pressure resistance optimization model is expressed as follows:

[0015]

[0016] in, This indicates that the target is resisting pressure. Indicates the reference resistance pressure. This indicates the current flow rate-purity fit. This represents the current beam environment coefficient. This represents the current material property coefficient. This represents the material sensitivity coefficient (stress sensitivity coefficient).

[0017] Further technical solution: Based on the welding state coefficient and material property coefficient, the steps to construct a flow rate-purity adaptation model and output the flow rate-purity adaptation degree for the shielding gas flow rate and shielding gas purity are as follows:

[0018] The current material property coefficients and current welding state coefficients are imported into a preset optimal flow rate condition model to obtain the optimal flow rate under the current condition. The optimal flow rate condition model is expressed as follows:

[0019]

[0020] in, This indicates the optimal flow rate under the current operating conditions. The flow velocity proportionality coefficient is expressed in meters per second. This represents the current material property coefficient. This represents the current welding condition coefficient. Indicates the minimum critical flow velocity;

[0021] The current protective gas flow rate, the optimal flow rate under the current operating conditions, and the current protective gas purity are imported into the flow rate-purity adaptation model to obtain the current flow rate-purity adaptation degree. The flow rate-purity adaptation model is expressed as follows:

[0022]

[0023] in, This indicates the current flow rate-purity fit. Indicates the current purity of the protective gas. Indicates the current protective gas flow rate. This indicates the optimal flow rate under the current operating conditions. Represents the sensitivity coefficient, the Furthermore, the higher the value, the better the compatibility between the purity and flow rate of the protective gas.

[0024] Further technical solution: The steps for constructing a material property model based on the material's laser absorptivity, surface roughness, thermal conductivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion, and then outputting the material property coefficients, are as follows:

[0025] The surface roughness is obtained by performing a maximum-minimum normalization process;

[0026] The current laser absorptivity, current roughness index, current thermal conductivity, and current coefficient of thermal expansion are imported into the material property model to output material property coefficients. The material property model is expressed as follows:

[0027]

[0028] in, This represents the current material property coefficient. This indicates the current laser absorption rate. Indicates the current roughness index. This represents the thermal conductivity weighting factor, with units of Kelvin per square meter per watt. , Indicates the current thermal conductivity. This represents the weighting factor for the coefficient of thermal expansion, and its unit is Kelvin. Indicates the current coefficient of thermal expansion, the Furthermore, the higher the value, the better the material is to weld.

[0029] Further technical solution: The steps for constructing a welding state model and outputting welding state coefficients based on welding speed, focal depth (distance from the workpiece surface, i.e., defocusing amount), laser power, and spot diameter are as follows:

[0030] The current welding speed, current laser power, and current spot diameter are imported into the equivalent line energy density model to obtain the current equivalent energy density. The equivalent energy density model is expressed as follows:

[0031]

[0032] in, This represents the current equivalent energy density. Indicates the current laser power. Indicates the current welding speed. Indicates the current spot diameter. Indicates the maximum permissible linear energy density, the ;

[0033] The current focal depth and current equivalent energy density are imported into the welding state model to output the current welding state coefficient. The welding state model is expressed as follows:

[0034]

[0035] in, This represents the current welding condition coefficient. This represents the current equivalent energy density. This represents the defocus attenuation factor, expressed in millimeters. Indicates the current focus depth, the The higher the value, the better the welding condition.

[0036] Further technical solution: The steps for constructing a beam environment model and outputting beam environment coefficients based on ambient temperature and ambient dust concentration are as follows:

[0037] The ambient temperature and ambient dust concentration were subjected to maximum-minimum normalization to obtain the ambient temperature index and the dust concentration index.

[0038] The current ambient temperature index and dust concentration index are imported into the beam environment model to output the current beam environment coefficient. The beam environment model is expressed as follows:

[0039]

[0040] in, This represents the current beam environment coefficient. Indicates the dust attenuation coefficient. This indicates the current dust concentration index. Indicates the influence factor of temperature. Indicates the ambient temperature index. The reference ambient temperature index, the Furthermore, the larger the value, the better the beam environment.

[0041] Further technical solution: The positioning mechanism includes a linear motion component A and an arc-shaped pressure plate A. The four linear motion components A are uniformly and detachably installed in a ring on the device body. A pressure sensor A is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the linear motion component A and is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped pressure plate A.

[0042] Further technical solution: The pressing mechanism is installed on the device body through a three-axis system. The pressing mechanism includes a pressure sensor B, a mounting plate, a linear motion component B, and an arc-shaped pressing plate B. The pressure sensor B is fixedly connected to the electric slide A in the three-axis system. The mounting plate is fixedly connected to the pressure sensor B. The two mounting plates are symmetrically and detachably mounted on the mounting plate. The output shaft of the mounting plate is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped pressing plate B.

[0043] Further technical solution: The three-axis system includes an electric slide A, a slide rail A, an electric slide B, a slide rail B, and an electric slide C. The electric slide A is slidably mounted on the slide rail A. The electric slide B, which is fixedly connected to the slide rail A, slides in cooperation with the slide rail B. The two ends of the slide rail B are detachably mounted with electric slide C. The electric slide C slides in cooperation with the guide rail C, which is fixedly connected to the device body.

[0044] A welding fixture for processing heat-insulating and vibration-damping pads for molten salt pumps is provided, which adopts the aforementioned welding fixture for processing heat-insulating and vibration-damping pads for molten salt pumps.

[0045] This invention provides a welding fixture for processing heat-insulating and shock-absorbing pads for molten salt pumps, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0046] 1. This invention constructs a multi-parameter coupled optimization model, which can dynamically calculate and apply the optimal target resistance pressure based on the real-time environment, welding status, material properties and gas protection effect, significantly improving the adaptability and stability of the welding process. It can offset the adverse effects of environmental interference and material property differences, effectively reduce defects such as deformation, false welding and cracks caused by thermal stress concentration, and ensure the high quality and high consistency of the welded joint of the heat insulation and shock absorption pad.

[0047] 2. This invention integrates beam environment analysis, welding status monitoring, material property evaluation, gas compatibility judgment and pressure control into one, reducing the dependence on operator experience and realizing the automation and intelligent upgrade of welding clamping process. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure control system of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional mechanism of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning mechanism of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pressing mechanism of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the triaxial system of the present invention.

[0053] Figure reference numerals: 1. Device body; 2. Positioning mechanism; 201. Linear motion component A; 202. Arc-shaped pressure plate A; 203. Pressure sensor A; 3. Pressure-pressing mechanism; 301. Pressure sensor B; 302. Mounting plate; 303. Linear motion component B; 304. Arc-shaped pressure plate B; 4. Three-axis system; 401. Electric slide table A; 402. Slide rail A; 403. Electric slide table B; 404. Slide rail B; 405. Electric slide table C. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0055] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0056] Please see Figures 1 to 5 According to one embodiment of the present invention, a welding fixture for processing a heat-insulating and shock-absorbing pad for a molten salt pump includes a device body 1, a positioning mechanism 2 for positioning the pad, and a pressing mechanism 3 for confining a column (for placing a buffer spring) on ​​a partition plate. It also includes:

[0057] The pressure adjustment system is used to regulate the pressure exerted by the column on the backing plate during welding, including:

[0058] The beam environment state analysis module constructs a beam environment model based on ambient temperature and ambient dust concentration, and outputs beam environment coefficients.

[0059] The welding condition analysis module constructs a welding condition model based on welding speed, focal depth (distance from the workpiece surface, i.e., defocusing amount), laser power, and spot diameter, and outputs welding condition coefficients.

[0060] The material property analysis module constructs a material property model based on the material's laser absorptivity, surface roughness, thermal conductivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion, and outputs material property coefficients.

[0061] The gas state analysis module constructs a flow rate-purity adaptation model based on the shielding gas flow rate and shielding gas purity under the welding state coefficient and material property coefficient, and outputs the flow rate-purity adaptation degree.

[0062] The pressure optimization module constructs a pressure optimization model based on flow rate-purity compatibility, beam environment coefficient, and baseline pressure, and outputs the target pressure.

[0063] Through the above technical solution, this application effectively solves the welding defect problem caused by the mismatch between the fixed clamping force and the dynamic working conditions. By adjusting the counter-pressure in real time, insufficient penetration caused by environmental interference can be suppressed, the thermal deformation differences of different materials can be balanced, and the stability of the molten pool under the protective gas state can be optimized. This dynamic control mechanism significantly improves the positional accuracy of the welding between the column and the pad, reduces the probability of defects such as incomplete welding and cracks, and ensures the long-term reliability of the heat insulation and vibration damping pad under high-temperature vibration environment.

[0064] Preferably, the step of constructing a beam environment model based on ambient temperature and ambient dust concentration and outputting beam environment coefficients is as follows:

[0065] The ambient temperature and ambient dust concentration were subjected to maximum-minimum normalization to obtain the ambient temperature index and the dust concentration index.

[0066] The current ambient temperature index and dust concentration index are imported into the beam environment model to output the current beam environment coefficient. The beam environment model is expressed as follows:

[0067]

[0068] in, This represents the current beam environment coefficient. Indicates the dust attenuation coefficient. This indicates the current dust concentration index. Indicates the influence factor of temperature. Indicates the ambient temperature index. The reference ambient temperature index, the Furthermore, the larger the value, the better the beam environment.

[0069] The maximum-minimum normalization process refers to a standardization method that linearly transforms the original environmental parameters to a range of 0 to 1. Specifically, it uses a formula to map actual measured values ​​to a preset maximum and minimum value, thereby eliminating the influence of differences in the dimensions of temperature and dust concentration on the model input. The dust attenuation coefficient in the beam environment model... This refers to the degree of attenuation in beam transmission quality per unit dust concentration. Specifically, it can be determined experimentally by establishing the correlation between dust concentration and laser energy loss, or by pre-setting empirical values ​​based on expert experience. It is used to quantify the scattering and absorption effect of dust particles on the beam. Temperature Influence Factor This refers to the weight of the effect of a unit temperature deviation on beam stability. Specifically, it can be calculated by measuring the optical path offset caused by temperature changes through thermal expansion experiments, and is used to characterize the thermal lensing effect of the beam caused by temperature fluctuations. Reference ambient temperature index. This refers to the optimal operating temperature value preset during the design of the laser transmission system. The specific value can be set according to the ambient temperature range recommended in the laser's manual, serving as a reference for the degree of temperature deviation.

[0070] Specifically, real-time measurements of ambient temperature and dust concentration are first normalized, converting them into temperature and dust concentration indices ranging from 0 to 1. The dust concentration index is then input into the exponential function. As the concentration increases, this index term shows a decreasing trend, directly reflecting the dust's blocking effect on the laser beam. The absolute difference between the temperature index and the reference temperature index is multiplied by a temperature influence factor. , forming linear terms When the actual temperature deviates from the reference temperature, the value of this linear term decreases, reflecting the beam path offset caused by temperature changes. Finally, the beam environment coefficient obtained by multiplying the two terms is used as an evaluation parameter input into the pressure optimization system. The closer the coefficient is to 1, the less interference the environment has on beam transmission.

[0071] Compared to existing technologies, traditional welding fixtures rely solely on fixed parameters or manual experience to adjust the pressure, failing to establish a quantitative model of the relationship between environmental parameters and beam quality. This makes it impossible to eliminate the real-time impact of temperature fluctuations and dust concentration variations on laser transmission. This solution, by constructing a bivariate mathematical model incorporating dust attenuation and temperature deviation, achieves dynamic compensation for environmental interference factors, thus resolving the problems of unstable beam quality and inaccurate pressure control caused by fluctuations in environmental parameters in existing technologies.

[0072] Through the above technical solution, this application can quantitatively evaluate the combined impact of temperature and dust in the welding environment on the laser beam transmission quality in real time, provide accurate environmental state parameters for the stress optimization model, effectively suppress the welding heat input fluctuation caused by beam energy attenuation or path deviation, thereby improving the thermal stress control accuracy of the column welding position and reducing the probability of defects such as incomplete welding and cracks.

[0073] Preferably, the steps for constructing a welding state model and outputting welding state coefficients based on welding speed, focal depth (distance from the workpiece surface, i.e., defocusing amount), laser power, and spot diameter are as follows:

[0074] The current welding speed, current laser power, and current spot diameter are imported into the equivalent line energy density model to obtain the current equivalent energy density. The equivalent energy density model is expressed as follows:

[0075]

[0076] in, This represents the current equivalent energy density. Indicates the current laser power. Indicates the current welding speed. Indicates the current spot diameter. Indicates the maximum permissible linear energy density, the ;

[0077] The current focal depth and current equivalent energy density are imported into the welding state model to output the current welding state coefficient. The welding state model is expressed as follows:

[0078]

[0079] in, This represents the current welding condition coefficient. This represents the current equivalent energy density. This represents the defocus attenuation factor, expressed in millimeters. Indicates the current focus depth, the The higher the value, the better the welding condition.

[0080] The equivalent linear energy density refers to the laser energy acting on a unit area per unit time; this parameter is used to quantify the heat input intensity during the welding process. The focal depth refers to the distance between the laser focal point and the workpiece surface, which can be achieved using a laser rangefinder or optical feedback system; this parameter characterizes the influence of the beam focusing state on energy distribution. The defocus attenuation coefficient refers to the rate of energy attenuation when the focal position deviates; it can be determined experimentally by calibrating the relationship between the heat-affected zone morphology and defocus amount for different materials, or by expert experience; this parameter is used to correct for the decrease in energy utilization caused by defocusing.

[0081] Specifically, during the welding process, real-time data on laser power, welding speed, and spot diameter are collected and input into the equivalent linear energy density model. For example, when the laser power is 3000 watts, the welding speed is 50 mm / s, and the spot diameter is 0.3 mm, the calculated equivalent energy density is 0.8. Subsequently, combined with the current focal depth data, for example, when the focal point is 1.2 mm above the workpiece surface, the attenuation effect of defocusing on energy density is calculated using an exponential function. If the defocusing attenuation coefficient is 0.5 per millimeter, then the welding state coefficient is 0.8 multiplied by the result of the exponential function calculation, ultimately outputting a dynamically changing welding state coefficient. This coefficient is then passed to the subsequent clamping force optimization module to adjust the pressure of the column against the pad in real time.

[0082] Compared to existing technologies, traditional clamps rely solely on preset parameters or manual experience to set a fixed clamping force, failing to respond to dynamic changes in heat input caused by laser power fluctuations, welding speed adjustments, or defocusing during the welding process. This solution establishes a quantitative model that integrates multi-dimensional welding parameters into a real-time calculable welding state coefficient, enabling the clamping force to automatically adjust according to the actual heat input.

[0083] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves dynamic evaluation of the heat input state during welding, solving the clamping force adaptability problem caused by the neglect of the coupling effect between energy density and defocusing in traditional clamps. By using the real-time output welding state coefficient, the clamping system can accurately match the current energy input level and beam focusing state, effectively suppressing defects such as weld penetration fluctuations and thermal stress concentration caused by insufficient heat input or defocusing, thereby improving the forming quality and structural reliability of column welding.

[0084] Preferably, the step of constructing a material property model based on the material's laser absorptivity, surface roughness, thermal conductivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion, and then outputting the material property coefficients, is as follows:

[0085] The surface roughness is obtained by performing a maximum-minimum normalization process;

[0086] The current laser absorptivity, current roughness index, current thermal conductivity, and current coefficient of thermal expansion are imported into the material property model to output material property coefficients. The material property model is expressed as follows:

[0087]

[0088] in, This represents the current material property coefficient. This indicates the current laser absorption rate. Indicates the current roughness index. This represents the thermal conductivity weighting factor, with units of Kelvin per square meter per watt. , Indicates the current thermal conductivity. This represents the weighting factor for the coefficient of thermal expansion, and its unit is Kelvin. Indicates the current coefficient of thermal expansion, the Furthermore, the higher the value, the better the material is to weld.

[0089] Laser absorptivity refers to the proportion of incident laser energy absorbed by a material surface. It can be calculated using a spectral reflectance meter and is used to characterize the material's response efficiency to welding heat sources. The thermal conductivity weighting coefficient is a factor that adjusts the material's heat dissipation capacity based on thermal conductivity. It can be implemented using preset parameters based on the material's thermal conductivity properties and is used to suppress instability in the weld pool caused by excessive heat dissipation from highly thermally conductive materials. The coefficient of thermal expansion weighting coefficient is a factor that adjusts the material's deformation based on thermal expansion. It can be implemented using preset parameters based on the material's thermal expansion characteristics and is used to reduce the deformation tendency of highly thermally expandable materials during welding.

[0090] Specifically, surface roughness is normalized and transformed into a horizontally comparable exponential form, which, together with laser absorptivity, constitutes the numerator, directly reflecting the material's efficiency in capturing laser energy. In the denominator, thermal conductivity and the coefficient of thermal expansion are nonlinearly coupled through a weighted reciprocal structure, with the thermal conductivity term... The mathematical form suppresses the heat dissipation effect of high thermal conductivity materials, and the thermal expansion term is used to... The mathematical form of this model reduces the risk of deformation caused by thermal expansion of materials. Through the combined effect of a positive energy absorption factor and a negative thermal effect suppression factor, the model transforms multidimensional material property parameters into quantized coefficients in the range of 0 to 1, thereby providing accurate material property input parameters for subsequent clamping force optimization.

[0091] Compared with existing technologies, traditional methods adjust the clamping force based solely on empirical values ​​or single parameters, failing to consider the enhancing effect of material surface roughness on laser absorption, nor quantifying the combined influence of thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion. This solution, by establishing a quantitative model of material properties and welding adaptability, actively suppresses the excessive heat dissipation of high thermal conductivity materials and the deformation tendency of high thermal expansion materials, overcoming the clamping force setting deviations caused by neglecting the multi-dimensional characteristics of materials in traditional methods.

[0092] Through the above technical solution, this application solves the problem of uneven welding heat input and thermal stress distribution caused by differences in material properties. By using a quantitative model to accurately evaluate the laser energy absorption efficiency and thermal effect suppression requirements of different materials, the clamping force optimization system can dynamically adjust the pressure parameters according to the material properties, effectively reducing welding deformation and crack defects caused by thermal stress concentration, and significantly improving the process stability of welding dissimilar materials.

[0093] Preferably, the steps for constructing a flow rate-purity adaptation model based on the shielding gas flow rate and shielding gas purity under the welding state coefficient and material property coefficient, and then outputting the flow rate-purity adaptation degree, are as follows:

[0094] The current material property coefficients and current welding state coefficients are imported into a preset optimal flow rate condition model to obtain the optimal flow rate under the current condition. The optimal flow rate condition model is expressed as follows:

[0095]

[0096] in, This indicates the optimal flow rate under the current operating conditions. The flow velocity proportionality coefficient is expressed in meters per second. This represents the current material property coefficient. This represents the current welding condition coefficient. Indicates the minimum critical flow velocity;

[0097] The current protective gas flow rate, the optimal flow rate under the current operating conditions, and the current protective gas purity are imported into the flow rate-purity adaptation model to obtain the current flow rate-purity adaptation degree. The flow rate-purity adaptation model is expressed as follows:

[0098]

[0099] in, This indicates the current flow rate-purity fit. Indicates the current purity of the protective gas. Indicates the current protective gas flow rate. This indicates the optimal flow rate under the current operating conditions. Represents the sensitivity coefficient, the Furthermore, the higher the value, the better the compatibility between the purity and flow rate of the protective gas.

[0100] The optimal flow rate model is a mathematical model that dynamically calculates the optimal shielding gas flow rate by multiplying the material property coefficient and the welding state coefficient. Specifically, it can be implemented using a linear superposition method combined with a minimum critical flow rate constraint, ensuring that the flow rate calculation meets the material's welding characteristics requirements while avoiding shielding failure due to excessively low flow rates. The flow rate-purity matching model is an evaluation model that quantifies the impact of the deviation between the actual and optimal flow rates on the shielding effect based on a Gaussian function. Specifically, it can be implemented using an exponential decay function combined with gas purity weighting. A sensitivity coefficient is used to adjust the tolerance for flow rate deviation, ensuring that the matching degree accurately reflects the degree of compatibility between gas parameters and the operating conditions. The material property coefficient characterizes the material's response characteristics to welding heat input. The welding state coefficient is a parameter characterizing the influence of welding energy input state and decoking amount, used to quantify the impact of current welding process parameters on the stability of the molten pool.

[0101] Specifically, during the welding process, the optimal shielding gas flow rate is first calculated based on the material property coefficient and the welding state coefficient. A higher material property coefficient indicates a more difficult welding process, requiring an increased gas flow rate to enhance protection. A higher welding state coefficient indicates more sufficient energy input, allowing for a reduction in flow rate to avoid excessive interference with the molten pool. The optimal flow rate is dynamically adjusted using a linear formula to ensure it remains within the effective protection range. Subsequently, the real-time monitored gas flow rate is compared with the optimal flow rate, and the fit is calculated based on gas purity. When the actual flow rate approaches the optimal value, the fit approaches the purity value; when the flow rate deviates, the fit decays exponentially, with the degree of deviation controlled by a sensitivity coefficient. This fit directly reflects the degree of matching between the gas parameters and the current operating conditions, providing key input parameters for subsequent pressure optimization.

[0102] Compared to existing technologies, traditional methods typically employ fixed gas flow rates or manual adjustments based on empirical rules, failing to adapt to variations in material properties and fluctuations in welding conditions. This solution establishes a material-process coupling model to dynamically optimize gas flow rates, while simultaneously constructing a comprehensive fit index based on purity parameters, overcoming the limitations of single-parameter control. In existing technologies, the effectiveness of gas protection is easily affected by changes in operating conditions, leading to a high welding defect rate. This solution, through dual-model linkage control, significantly improves the accuracy of matching gas parameters with welding requirements.

[0103] Through the above technical solution, this application can automatically match the optimal shielding gas parameters according to the material welding characteristics and real-time process status, effectively solving the problem of unstable shielding effect caused by static settings of gas flow rate and purity. In high-temperature alloy welding scenarios, when the thermal conductivity of the material changes abruptly or the laser power fluctuates, the system can quickly adjust the gas flow rate and evaluate the compatibility to avoid molten pool oxidation or porosity. For gases of different purities, the compatibility calculation automatically corrects the shielding effect evaluation value, ensuring that the welding process is always in the optimal gas protection state, thereby improving the weld formation quality and mechanical property consistency.

[0104] Preferably, the resistance optimization model is expressed as:

[0105]

[0106] in, This indicates that the target is resisting pressure. Indicates the reference resistance pressure. This indicates the current flow rate-purity fit. This represents the current beam environment coefficient. This represents the current material property coefficient. This represents the material sensitivity coefficient (stress sensitivity coefficient).

[0107] Among them, the target back pressure refers to the welding back pressure dynamically adjusted according to real-time working conditions, used to compensate for the impact of environmental interference and material property differences on welding quality. The reference back pressure refers to the preset initial back pressure, which can be obtained through expert experience calibration or experimental calibration based on material type and welding process parameters, serving as a basic reference value for dynamic adjustment. The flow rate-purity fit refers to the degree of matching between the shielding gas flow rate and purity, used to reflect the quality of gas shielding. The beam environment coefficient refers to the degree of influence of ambient temperature and dust concentration on laser transmission efficiency, used to quantify the impact of environmental interference on welding heat input. The material property coefficient is a comprehensive influencing factor of the material's laser absorptivity, surface roughness, thermal conductivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion, used to characterize the weldability of the material. The material sensitivity coefficient refers to the sensitivity of the material to stress changes, which can be obtained through material mechanical property testing, fitting historical welding data, or expert experience calibration, used to adjust the response intensity of the back pressure to changes in material properties.

[0108] Specifically, an optimization model for shielding pressure is constructed, using a baseline shielding pressure as the foundational value and dynamically correcting it by combining real-time acquired flow rate-purity compatibility, beam environment coefficient, and material property coefficients. When the shielding gas flow rate and purity compatibility decrease, the model increases the target shielding pressure through the denominator to compensate for the reduced heat dissipation efficiency caused by insufficient gas protection. When the ambient temperature deviates from the baseline value or the dust concentration increases, the beam environment coefficient decreases, and the model increases the target shielding pressure through the denominator to suppress heat input instability caused by fluctuations in laser energy transmission efficiency. When the material property coefficient decreases, the model enhances the shielding pressure adjustment range through the increment term in the numerator to alleviate stress concentration problems caused by low thermal conductivity or high thermal expansion coefficient of materials. The material sensitivity coefficient is used to adjust the contribution weight of material property differences to shielding pressure adjustment, ensuring that different materials obtain differentiated shielding pressure compensation under the same parameter deviations.

[0109] Compared to existing technologies, traditional welding fixtures rely on fixed pressure or manual adjustment based on experience. This fails to respond in real-time to the coupled effects of multiple factors, such as ambient temperature fluctuations, dust concentration changes, abnormal shielding gas conditions, and material property differences, leading to unstable welding heat input and uneven thermal stress distribution. This solution quantifies the real-time impact of environmental, material, and process parameters, establishing a multi-parameter collaborative optimization dynamic pressure adjustment model. This achieves precise matching of pressure to operating conditions during welding, effectively suppressing heat input fluctuations and stress concentration.

[0110] Through the above technical solution, this application solves the problems of welding deformation, incomplete welding and cracking caused by the inability of fixed pressure to adapt to complex working conditions. By dynamically adjusting the pressure, the stability of heat input during welding is ensured, the risk of thermal stress concentration in materials is reduced, and the consistency of weld joint quality is improved. It is especially suitable for high-precision parts processing scenarios that are sensitive to heat input during laser welding.

[0111] Please see Figures 2 to 5 Preferably, the positioning mechanism 2 includes a linear motion component A201 and an arc-shaped pressure plate A202. The four linear motion components A201 are uniformly and detachably installed in a ring on the device body 1. A pressure sensor A203 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the linear motion component A201 and fixedly connected to the arc-shaped pressure plate A202. The purpose of this arrangement is to use the linear motion component A201 to push the arc-shaped pressure plate A202 to perform linear movement, thereby using multiple arc-shaped pressure plates A202 to perform radial movement, so as to achieve the technical effect of limiting the pad. At the same time, the pressure sensor A203 can be used to detect the pressure of the pad in real time. The right-angle slot (not shown in the figure) opened on the arc-shaped pressure plate A202 can enable the arc-shaped pressure plate A202 to press and limit the rectangular or circular pad.

[0112] Preferably, the pressing mechanism 3 is mounted on the device body 1 via a three-axis system 4. The pressing mechanism 3 includes a pressure sensor B301, a mounting plate 302, a linear motion component B303, and an arc-shaped pressing plate B304. The pressure sensor B301 is fixedly connected to the electric slide A401 in the three-axis system 4. The mounting plate 302 is fixedly connected to the pressure sensor B301. Two mounting plates 302 are symmetrically and detachably mounted on the mounting plate 302. The output shaft of the mounting plate 302 is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped pressing plate B304. The purpose of this arrangement is to use the linear motion component B303 and the arc-shaped pressing plate B304 to perform linear motion, thereby causing the two arc-shaped pressing plates B304 to clamp the column. At this time, the three-axis system 4 is activated to drive the column to rotate, causing the column to press against the pad. At this time, the pressure sensor B301 can detect the pressing force between the column and the pad in real time.

[0113] Preferably, the triaxial system 4 includes an electric slide table A401, a slide rail A402, an electric slide table B403, a slide rail B404, and an electric slide table C405. The electric slide table A401 is slidably mounted on the slide rail A402. The electric slide table B403, which is fixedly connected to the slide rail A402, is slidably engaged with the slide rail B404. The two ends of the slide rail B404 are detachably mounted with the electric slide table C405. The electric slide table C405 is slidably engaged with the guide rail C (not shown in the figure) fixedly connected to the device body 1. The purpose of this arrangement is to use the three electric slide tables in conjunction with the three slide rails to drive the pressing mechanism 3 mounted on the electric slide table A401 to move within space.

[0114] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0115] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A welding fixture for processing a heat-insulating and vibration-damping pad for a molten salt pump, comprising a device body, a positioning mechanism for positioning the pad, and a pressing mechanism for confining a column on a partition plate, characterized in that, Also includes: The pressure adjustment system is used to regulate the pressure exerted by the column on the backing plate during welding, including: The beam environment state analysis module constructs a beam environment model based on ambient temperature and ambient dust concentration, and outputs beam environment coefficients. The welding condition analysis module constructs a welding condition model based on welding speed, focal depth, laser power, and spot diameter, and outputs welding condition coefficients. The material property analysis module constructs a material property model based on the material's laser absorptivity, surface roughness, thermal conductivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion, and outputs material property coefficients. The gas state analysis module constructs a flow rate-purity adaptation model based on the shielding gas flow rate and shielding gas purity under the welding state coefficient and material property coefficient, and outputs the flow rate-purity adaptation degree. The pressure optimization module constructs a pressure optimization model based on flow rate-purity compatibility, beam environment coefficient, and baseline pressure, and outputs the target pressure.

2. The welding fixture for processing the special heat insulation and shock absorption pad for molten salt pumps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resistance optimization model is expressed as follows: in, This indicates that the target is resisting pressure. Indicates the reference resistance pressure. This indicates the current flow rate-purity fit. This represents the current beam environment coefficient. This represents the current material property coefficient. This represents the material sensitivity coefficient.

3. The welding fixture for processing the special heat insulation and shock absorption pad for molten salt pumps according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steps for constructing a flow rate-purity fit model based on the shielding gas flow rate and purity under welding condition coefficients and material property coefficients, and then outputting the flow rate-purity fit degree, are as follows: The current material property coefficients and current welding state coefficients are imported into a preset optimal flow rate condition model to obtain the optimal flow rate under the current condition. The optimal flow rate condition model is expressed as follows: in, This indicates the optimal flow rate under the current operating conditions. The flow velocity proportionality coefficient is expressed in meters per second. This represents the current material property coefficient. This represents the current welding condition coefficient. Indicates the minimum critical flow velocity; The current protective gas flow rate, the optimal flow rate under the current operating conditions, and the current protective gas purity are imported into the flow rate-purity adaptation model to obtain the current flow rate-purity adaptation degree. The flow rate-purity adaptation model is expressed as follows: in, This indicates the current flow rate-purity fit. Indicates the current purity of the protective gas. Indicates the current protective gas flow rate. This indicates the optimal flow rate under the current operating conditions. Represents the sensitivity coefficient, the Furthermore, the higher the value, the better the compatibility between the purity and flow rate of the protective gas.

4. The welding fixture for processing the special heat insulation and shock absorption pad for molten salt pumps according to claim 3, characterized in that, The steps for constructing a material property model based on the material's laser absorptivity, surface roughness, thermal conductivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion, and then outputting the material property coefficients, are as follows: The surface roughness is obtained by performing a maximum-minimum normalization process; The current laser absorptivity, current roughness index, current thermal conductivity, and current coefficient of thermal expansion are imported into the material property model to output material property coefficients. The material property model is expressed as follows: in, This represents the current material property coefficient. This indicates the current laser absorption rate. Indicates the current roughness index. This represents the thermal conductivity weighting coefficient, with units of Kelvin per watt per square meter. Indicates the current thermal conductivity. This represents the weighting factor for the coefficient of thermal expansion, and its unit is Kelvin. Indicates the current coefficient of thermal expansion, the Furthermore, the higher the value, the better the material is to weld.

5. The welding fixture for processing the special heat insulation and shock absorption pad for molten salt pumps according to claim 3, characterized in that, The steps for constructing a welding state model and outputting welding state coefficients based on welding speed, focal depth, laser power, and spot diameter are as follows: The current welding speed, current laser power, and current spot diameter are imported into the equivalent line energy density model to obtain the current equivalent energy density. The equivalent energy density model is expressed as follows: in, Indicates the current equivalent energy density. Indicates the current laser power. Indicates the current welding speed. Indicates the current spot diameter. Indicates the maximum permissible linear energy density, the ; The current focal depth and current equivalent energy density are imported into the welding state model to output the current welding state coefficient. The welding state model is expressed as follows: in, This represents the current welding condition coefficient. Indicates the current equivalent energy density. This represents the defocus attenuation factor, expressed in millimeters. Indicates the current focus depth, the The higher the value, the better the welding condition.

6. The welding fixture for processing the special heat insulation and shock absorption pad for molten salt pumps according to claim 3, characterized in that, The steps for constructing a beam environment model and outputting beam environment coefficients based on ambient temperature and ambient dust concentration are as follows: The ambient temperature and ambient dust concentration were subjected to maximum-minimum normalization to obtain the ambient temperature index and the dust concentration index. The current ambient temperature index and dust concentration index are imported into the beam environment model to output the current beam environment coefficient. The beam environment model is expressed as follows: in, This represents the current beam environment coefficient. Indicates the dust attenuation coefficient. This indicates the current dust concentration index. Indicates the influence factor of temperature. Indicates the ambient temperature index. The reference ambient temperature index, the Furthermore, the larger the value, the better the beam environment.

7. The welding fixture for processing the special heat insulation and shock absorption pad for molten salt pumps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning mechanism includes a linear motion component A and an arc-shaped pressure plate A. The four linear motion components A are uniformly and detachably installed in a ring on the device body. A pressure sensor A is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the linear motion component A and is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped pressure plate A.

8. The welding fixture for processing the special heat insulation and shock absorption pad for molten salt pumps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressing mechanism is mounted on the device body via a three-axis system. The pressing mechanism includes a pressure sensor B, a mounting plate, a linear motion component B, and an arc-shaped pressing plate B. The pressure sensor B is fixedly connected to the electric slide A in the three-axis system. The mounting plate is fixedly connected to the pressure sensor B. The two mounting plates are symmetrically and detachably mounted on the mounting plate. The output shaft of the mounting plate is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped pressing plate B.

9. The welding fixture for processing the special heat insulation and shock absorption pad for molten salt pumps according to claim 8, characterized in that, The triaxial system includes an electric slide A, a slide rail A, an electric slide B, a slide rail B, and an electric slide C. The electric slide A is slidably mounted on the slide rail A. The electric slide B, which is fixedly connected to the slide rail A, slides in cooperation with the slide rail B. The two ends of the slide rail B are detachably mounted with electric slide C. The electric slide C slides in cooperation with the guide rail C, which is fixedly connected to the device body.

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