Water treatment equipment based on modified charcoal thallium removal agent and preparation method of thallium removal agent

Abstract

The invention provides water treatment equipment based on a modified charcoal thallium removal agent and a preparation method of the thallium removal agent. Relates to the technical field of water pollution treatment, in particular to water treatment equipment based on a modified charcoal thallium removal agent. An inlet pipe is mounted on the side wall of the treatment box; a top plate is installed on the upper surface of the treatment box through bolts, the driving mechanism comprises a moving plate, the dosing mode of the scheme has the integrated operation of mixing, grinding and discharging, a molten salt modified charcoal thallium removal agent and lime or sodium hydroxide are more beneficial to contact dissolution with lepidolite brine in the treatment box, and the treatment effect is better. The molten salt modified charcoal thallium removal agent has the advantages that water can be sufficiently adsorbed, the utilization rate of the molten salt modified charcoal thallium removal agent is maximized, efficient thallium removal is guaranteed, the pH value in the whole water can be adjusted in a linkage manner, thallium in lepidolite brine is effectively removed, water pollution is avoided, and environmental protection development is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water pollution control technology, and in particular to water treatment equipment based on modified biochar thallium removal agent and a method for preparing the thallium removal agent. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the explosive growth of the new energy industry, lithium-ion batteries, as the main power source of new energy vehicles, cannot do without battery-grade lithium carbonate for the preparation of their core component, cathode material. However, thallium is an associated element in lepidolite minerals. In the sulfate roasting-water leaching lithium extraction process of lepidolite ore, thallium will dissolve in the leaching solution along with lithium. Thallium (Tl) is a highly toxic heavy metal element. To meet environmental protection requirements, thallium removal has become an unavoidable process in the lithium carbonate industry.

[0003] Currently, the main technologies for removing Tl+ from water include sulfide precipitation, oxidation, ion exchange, and adsorption. Adsorption is favored due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness; however, traditional adsorption materials (such as activated carbon and clay minerals) generally suffer from low adsorption capacity, poor selectivity, and weak regeneration performance. Biochar, as a green and low-cost carbon material, has been attempted for heavy metal adsorption, but its original surface functional groups are limited (mainly hydroxyl and carboxyl groups) and its pore structure is disordered, making its adsorption capacity and selectivity for Tl+ insufficient for practical needs. In recent years, molten salts have attracted considerable attention as reaction media and template agents at high temperatures, allowing for the synergistic regulation of material structure through etching, oxidation, and ion exchange.

[0004] However, in the existing technology, the modified biochar thallium removal agent is not mixed evenly with the lepidolite brine for adsorption treatment. During the dosing process, it is inconvenient for users to add the modified biochar thallium removal agent evenly and stably into the water environment. This easily leads to poor treatment effect of the lepidolite brine, and the thallium element inside is still not well treated. Secondly, it is also inconvenient to adjust the pH.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide water treatment equipment based on modified biochar thallium removal agent and a method for preparing the thallium removal agent to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a water treatment device based on modified biochar thallium removal agent and a method for preparing the thallium removal agent, which solves the technical problem in related technologies where the modified biochar thallium removal agent is not mixed evenly with lepidolite brine during adsorption treatment, resulting in poor treatment effect.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a water treatment device based on modified biochar thallium removal agent, which includes a treatment tank, a drive mechanism and a feeding mechanism; An inlet pipe is installed on the side wall of the processing box; The upper surface of the processing box is bolted with a top plate. The driving mechanism includes a moving plate, and a drive motor is bolted to the upper surface of the moving plate. A positioning cover is fixed to the upper surface of the moving plate and to one side of the drive motor. A first mounting plate, a feeding bin, and a second mounting plate are bolted to the outer wall of the positioning cover. A drive rod is keyway connected to the output shaft of the drive motor near the positioning cover. A first gear is keyway connected to the outer wall of the drive rod. A driven rod is rotatably connected inside the first mounting plate and above the drive rod. A second gear is keyway connected to the outer wall of the driven rod. A top pipe is fixed to the top of the feeding bin, and a discharge pipe is fixed to the bottom of the feeding bin. A first rotating plate and a second rotating plate are keyway connected to the outer walls of the drive rod and the driven rod, respectively. Grinding sleeves are bolted to the inner sides of both the first and second rotating plates. A first feed pipe and a second feed pipe are installed on the top flange of the top pipe.

[0008] Preferably, the shafts of both the first gear and the second gear are rotatably connected to the first mounting plate via bearings, and both ends of the drive rod and the driven rod are rotatably connected to the second mounting plate and the positioning cover via bearings.

[0009] Preferably, the length of the first rotating plate is longer than the length of the second rotating plate, and there is a gap between the two extreme positions of the second rotating plate and the inner wall of the feeding hopper, and the first gear and the second gear mesh with each other.

[0010] Preferably, a rack and a limiting plate are respectively installed on the upper surface of the top plate, a guide wheel is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor on the side away from the positioning cover via a keyway, a side plate is fixed on the upper surface of the moving plate on the side of the positioning cover, and multiple rollers are rotatably connected to the bottom of the moving plate.

[0011] Preferably, the guide wheel is rotatably connected to the side plate at its axis via a bearing, the outer wall of the guide wheel is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the limiting plate, and the plurality of rollers are in contact with the upper surface of the top plate.

[0012] Preferably, it further includes a material spreading mechanism, which includes a mounting frame installed on the outer wall of the second mounting plate. A drive gear is connected to the keyway inside the mounting frame and at the outer end of the drive rod. A driven gear is meshed with one side of the drive gear. A rotating rod is connected to the keyway at the shaft of the driven gear. A material spreading disc is fixed at the bottom end of the rotating rod. A baffle is fixed on the outer wall of the discharge pipe.

[0013] Preferably, the outer wall of the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the mounting frame via a bearing, and the two sides of the baffle are set at a 45-degree angle to the axis of the discharge pipe.

[0014] Preferably, it further includes a reciprocating mechanism. A discharge pipe is installed on the side wall of the processing box. The reciprocating mechanism includes a filter plate fixed to the inner wall of the processing box and in the same horizontal direction as the discharge pipe. Positioning plates are fixed on both sides of the filter plate. A lever frame is slidably connected to the opposite side of the positioning plates. Two sliding rods are fixed to the inner wall of the processing box and directly above the filter plate. A reciprocating plate is slidably connected to the outer wall of the two sliding rods. Two return springs are sleeved on the outer wall of the two sliding rods and on one side of the reciprocating plate. A connecting plate is rotatably connected to the bottom of the reciprocating plate. The two return springs are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the processing box and the reciprocating plate on both sides. The bottom end of the connecting plate is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the lever frame. The side wall of the moving plate is fixedly provided with an abutment plate. The top plate has a sliding groove inside.

[0015] The preparation method of the thallium removal agent includes the following preparation steps: S1: Ball mill biomass and potassium salt at a mass ratio of 1:(0.5-3), or stir biomass, potassium salt, and pure water at a mass ratio of 1:(0.5-3):10 at 80℃ for 6-12 hours to obtain a mixture. Pyrolyze the mixture under a protective atmosphere to obtain molten salt modified biochar thallium removal agent. The biomass is corn starch. S2: Based on S1, the potassium salt is either potassium chloride or either potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate, with a mass ratio of 1:1. The ball milling time is 0.2-1 h. The pyrolysis method is gradient heating, with the first stage pyrolysis temperature at 300-350℃ and a pyrolysis time of 1-2 h, and the second stage pyrolysis temperature at 550-850℃ and a pyrolysis time of 1-2 h. S3: Based on S2, the pyrolysis process further includes: removing excess potassium salt or dissolved substances present on the surface by dilute hydrochloric acid and deionized water.

[0016] Compared with related technologies, the water treatment equipment based on modified biochar thallium removal agent provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Compared to the traditional direct dosing design, this project first designs two independent pipes to dosing the thallium removal agent of molten salt modified biochar and lime or sodium hydroxide in separate zones inside the feeding hopper. Although the feeding hopper is equipped with two identical rotating plates, the first rotating plate is longer than the second rotating plate, forming a gap between the second rotating plate and the inner wall of the feeding hopper. Therefore, the first step can grind large pieces and solid materials that have formed clumps during the conveying process into solid materials of equal volume. The material is then fed into the treatment tank after being ground into a fine powder in the first rotating plate. This design allows for integrated operation of mixing, grinding, and feeding. The molten salt modified biochar thallium removal agent, along with lime or sodium hydroxide, is more conducive to contact and dissolution with the lithium mica brine in the treatment tank, ensuring that the water can fully adsorb the thallium and maximizing the utilization rate of the molten salt modified biochar thallium removal agent. This ensures efficient thallium removal and can also regulate the pH of the entire water body, effectively removing thallium from the lithium mica brine, avoiding water pollution, and contributing to environmental protection. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the optimal structure for the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 The enlarged structural diagram at point A is shown below; Figure 3 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a side view of the structure. Figure 4 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the processing box. Figure 5 for Figure 2 The diagram shows the disassembled structure of the drive mechanism and the feeding mechanism; Figure 6 for Figure 5 A detailed disassembled structural diagram of the first rotating plate, the second rotating plate, the driving rod, and the driven rod shown. Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the connection structure between the drive mechanism, rack, and limiting plate provided by the present invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7 The diagram shows the bottom structure of the movable plate. Figure 9 for Figure 5 The diagram shows the initial working state of the feeding mechanism. Figure 10 for Figure 9 The diagram shows the working state of the rotary grinding mechanism for the feeding mechanism. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the material spreading mechanism provided by the present invention; Figure 12This is a schematic diagram of the reciprocating mechanism structure provided by the present invention; Figure 13 for Figure 12 The enlarged structural diagram at point B is shown below; Figure 14 A comparison of the thallium removal rates of thallium-removing agents prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures in lepidolite brine. Figure 15 A comparison chart showing the removal rate of thallium in lepidolite brine by different dosages of thallium removal agent; Figure 16 A comparison of the thallium removal rates of thallium in lepidolite brine prepared with different mass ratios. Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Processing box; 2. Top plate; 3. Rack; 4. Limiting plate; 5. Slide groove; 6. Drive mechanism; 61. Moving plate; 62. Side plate; 63. Positioning cover; 64. Drive motor; 65. Guide wheel; 66. Contact plate; 67. Roller. 7. Feeding mechanism; 71. First mounting plate; 72. Feeding bin; 73. Second mounting plate; 74. Drive rod; 75. First gear; 76. Second gear; 77. Top tube; 78. First feed pipe; 79. Second feed pipe; 710. Discharge pipe; 711. Baffle; 712. First rotating plate; 713. Second rotating plate; 714. Grinding sleeve; 715. Driven rod; 8. Spreading mechanism; 81. Mounting frame; 82. Drive gear; 83. Driven gear; 84. Rotating rod; 85. Spreading disc; 9. Reciprocating mechanism; 91. Slide rod; 92. Reciprocating plate; 93. Return spring; 94. Connecting plate; 95. Filter plate; 96. Positioning plate; 97. Lever bracket. 10. Discharge pipe; 11. Enter the tube. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] This invention provides a water treatment device based on modified biochar thallium removal agent and a method for preparing the thallium removal agent.

[0021] First embodiment: The preparation method of the thallium removal agent includes the following steps: S1: Ball mill biomass and potassium salt at a mass ratio of 1:(0.5-3), or stir biomass, potassium salt, and pure water at a mass ratio of 1:(0.5-3):10 at 80℃ for 6-12 hours to obtain a mixture. Pyrolyze the mixture under a protective atmosphere to obtain molten salt modified biochar thallium removal agent. The biomass is corn starch. S2: Based on S1, the potassium salt is either potassium chloride or either potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate, with a mass ratio of 1:1. The ball milling time is 0.2-1 h. The pyrolysis method is gradient heating, with the first stage pyrolysis temperature at 300-350℃ and a pyrolysis time of 1-2 h, and the second stage pyrolysis temperature at 550-850℃ and a pyrolysis time of 1-2 h. S3: Based on S2, the pyrolysis process further includes: removing excess potassium salt or dissolved substances present on the surface by dilute hydrochloric acid and deionized water.

[0022] Based on the above preparation method, this modified biochar thallium removal agent also has the following detailed preparation methods: The first method: (1) Ball mill corn starch and potassium salt at a mass ratio of 1:1.5 for 0.5 h; wherein the potassium salt is potassium chloride and potassium carbonate at a mass ratio of 1:1; (2) The mixture was pyrolyzed under a protective atmosphere with a gradient temperature. The first stage pyrolysis temperature was 350℃ and the pyrolysis time was 2h. The second stage pyrolysis temperature was 650℃ and the pyrolysis time was 1h, to obtain molten salt modified biochar thallium removal agent.

[0023] The prepared thallium removal agent was used to treat lepidolite brine under the following reaction conditions: dosage 0.6 g / L, adsorption time 4 h. The molten salt modified biochar thallium removal agent prepared by this method achieved a thallium removal rate of 99.32% in the lepidolite brine.

[0024] The second method: (1) Mix corn starch, potassium salt and pure water at a mass ratio of 1:1:10 at 80°C for 6 hours to obtain a mixture; (2) The mixture was pyrolyzed under a protective atmosphere with a gradient temperature. The first stage pyrolysis temperature was 350℃ and the pyrolysis time was 2h. The second stage pyrolysis temperature was 650℃ and the pyrolysis time was 1h, to obtain molten salt modified biochar thallium removal agent.

[0025] The prepared thallium removal agent was used to treat lepidolite brine under the following reaction conditions: dosage 0.6 g / L, adsorption time 4 h. The molten salt-modified biochar thallium removal agent prepared in this example achieved a thallium removal rate of 97.25% in the lepidolite brine.

[0026] The third method investigated the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the performance of thallium removal agents from molten salt-modified biochar. The preparation method was the same as the first method. Only the second-stage pyrolysis temperature was changed to 450℃, 550℃, 650℃, and 750℃ to obtain the corresponding adsorbents. The prepared thallium removal agents were then used to treat lepidolite brine under the following reaction conditions: dosage 0.6 g / L, adsorption time 4 h.

[0027] Figure 14 The results show that when the pyrolysis temperature of the molten salt modified biochar thallium removal agent is too low, the thallium removal performance will decrease due to insufficient surface oxidation and potassium ion doping. When the pyrolysis temperature is too high, the pore collapse caused by excessive graphitization will eventually lead to a decrease in thallium removal performance.

[0028] The fourth method investigated the effect of dosage on the performance of thallium removal agents from molten salt-modified biochar. The preparation method was the same as the first method. Only the dosage of the thallium removal agent was changed, and the prepared thallium removal agent was used to treat lepidolite brine. The reaction conditions were: dosages of 0.2 g / L, 0.4 g / L, 0.6 g / L, 0.8 g / L, and 1 g / L, with an adsorption time of 4 h.

[0029] Figure 15 The test results show that as the dosage of molten salt modified biochar thallium removal agent increases, the thallium removal rate also increases. When the dosage reaches 0.2 g / L, the thallium removal performance is already quite good. The fifth method investigated the effect of the mass ratio of corn starch to potassium salt on the performance of thallium removal agents from molten salt-modified biochar. The preparation method was the same as the first method, except that the mass ratio of corn starch to potassium salt was changed to 1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2. The prepared thallium removal agents were then used to treat lepidolite brine under the following conditions: dosage 0.6 g / L, adsorption time 4 h.

[0030] Figure 16 The results show that when the mass ratio of corn starch to potassium salt is low, the thallium removal performance of the molten salt modified biochar thallium removal agent is reduced due to the low potassium ion doping content. When the mass ratio of corn starch to potassium salt is high, the excessive potassium salt melts and blocks the pores, and the excessive etching at high temperature leads to the destruction of the carbon skeleton structure, ultimately resulting in a decrease in thallium removal performance.

[0031] In summary, by directionally modifying biochar using a mixed molten salt system, and leveraging the triple effects of high-temperature etching, surface oxidation, and potassium ion doping by the molten salt, a functionalized biochar with high specific surface area, abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, and stable ion exchange sites can be constructed. This material retains the advantages of low cost and renewability of biochar while overcoming the limitations of traditional adsorbents in terms of adsorption capacity and selectivity for Tl+, providing an innovative solution for the efficient treatment of highly toxic thallium-contaminated water bodies.

[0032] This embodiment has the following beneficial effects: Conventional KOH activation methods are highly corrosive and energy-intensive, while direct pyrolysis of K2CO3 to modify biochar results in a simple pore structure and uneven potassium loading. This invention modifies biochar using a mixed molten salt system, employing a molten salt method to gently control the pore structure through liquid-phase reaction, avoiding excessive etching. Furthermore, the fluidity of the molten salt allows for uniform potassium doping and hierarchical pore control. In the mixed molten salt system, CO2 generated from the decomposition of CO32- etches the starch carbon layer at low temperatures, forming hierarchical pores (micropore-mesopore synergy) and improving diffusion efficiency; at high temperatures, CO32- reacts with the carbon skeleton to generate carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, which capture Tl+ / Tl3+ through complexation; and the residual K+ can undergo ion exchange with Tl+, significantly improving adsorption kinetics; the three factors synergistically enhance the adsorption performance for Tl+. Traditional biochar raw materials (such as wood and straw) have low porosity, while corn starch, due to its high carbon content, is more prone to forming well-developed pores. Simultaneously, by using a gradient heating method, the inherent pore structure of corn starch is preserved during low-temperature pyrolysis, while promoting CO2 release and pore formation. At high temperatures, K2CO3 reacts with the carbon skeleton to generate active sites, preventing excessive graphitization that could lead to pore collapse.

[0033] Second embodiment: Please see Figures 1 to 6 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 A water treatment device based on modified biochar thallium removal agent includes a treatment tank 1, a drive mechanism 6 and a feeding mechanism 7; An inlet pipe 11 is installed on the side wall of the processing box 1; The upper surface of the processing box 1 is bolted with a top plate 2. The drive mechanism 6 includes a movable plate 61. A drive motor 64 is bolted to the upper surface of the movable plate 61. A positioning cover 63 is fixed to the upper surface of the movable plate 61 and to one side of the drive motor 64. A first mounting plate 71, a feeding bin 72, and a second mounting plate 73 are bolted to the outer wall of the positioning cover 63. A drive rod 74 is keyway connected to the output shaft of the drive motor 64 near the positioning cover 63. A first gear 75 is keyway connected to the outer wall of the drive rod 74. The interior of the first mounting plate 71 and... A driven rod 715 is rotatably connected above the drive rod 74. A second gear 76 is connected to the keyway on the outer wall of the driven rod 715. A top pipe 77 is fixed to the top of the feeding bin 72, and a discharge pipe 710 is fixed to the bottom of the feeding bin 72. A first rotating plate 712 and a second rotating plate 713 are keyway connected to the outer walls of the drive rod 74 and the driven rod 715 inside the feeding bin 72, respectively. Grinding sleeves 714 are bolted to the inner sides of both the first rotating plate 712 and the second rotating plate 713. A first feed pipe 78 and a second feed pipe 79 are installed on the top flange of the top pipe 77.

[0034] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3 Based on the volume of lepidolite brine, the dosage of the molten salt modified biochar thallium removal agent is 0.2-1 g / L, and the adsorption time is 2-24 h. The molten salt modified biochar thallium removal agent used in this embodiment is derived from the thallium removal agent in the first embodiment. Secondly, lime or sodium hydroxide is added to adjust the pH of the wastewater to alkaline (9-10). During use, the user mainly adds the lithium mica brine to be treated into the treatment tank 1 through the inlet pipe 11. Please see Figure 5 Molten salt modified biochar thallium removal agent and lime or sodium hydroxide can be separately conveyed through the first feed pipe 78 and the second feed pipe 79. In this way, the two solid materials will enter the discharge hopper 72 through the top pipe 77. Starting the drive motor 64 can control the drive rod 74 to rotate counterclockwise. The counterclockwise rotating drive rod 74 will control the first gear 75 to rotate counterclockwise and simultaneously engage the second gear 76 to drive the driven rod 715 to rotate clockwise. Please see Figure 6 The drive rod 74 rotates counterclockwise and the driven rod 715 rotates clockwise, thereby realizing the counterclockwise rotation of the first rotating plate 712 and the clockwise rotation of the second rotating plate 713.

[0035] The first gear 75 and the second gear 76 are rotatably connected to the first mounting plate 71 via bearings at their shaft centers. The two ends of the drive rod 74 and the driven rod 715 are rotatably connected to the second mounting plate 73 and the positioning cover 63 via bearings.

[0036] The length of the first rotating plate 712 is longer than the length of the second rotating plate 713. There is a gap between the two extreme positions of the second rotating plate 713 and the inner wall of the feeding bin 72. The first gear 75 and the second gear 76 mesh with each other.

[0037] Please see Figure 9 When the first rotating plate 712 and the second rotating plate 713 are in the initial state, the first rotating plate 712 and the second rotating plate 713 are horizontal, and the inner wall of the feeding bin 72 adopts an arc-shaped design. There is a gap 'a' between the two sides of the second rotating plate 713 and the inner wall of the feeding bin 72, while the two sides of the first rotating plate 712 are in a close fit with the inner wall of the feeding bin 72. Please see Figure 10 The molten salt modified biochar thallium removal agent and lime or sodium hydroxide fed into the jacking pipe 77 fall onto the second rotating plate 713. As the second rotating plate 713 rotates clockwise, it carries the solid material to the inner wall of the feeding hopper 72. The rotating second rotating plate 713 grinds large or agglomerated solid material to a solid material volume of the size of a value. After grinding, the solid material is rotated and conveyed to the first rotating plate 712. Then, the first rotating plate 712 rotates counterclockwise, which drives the solid material to contact the inner wall of the feeding hopper 72 and grinds the solid material into fine powder. Finally, as the first rotating plate 712 continues to rotate, the processed solid material is fed into the processing box 1 from the discharge pipe 710.

[0038] Understandable: Combination Figure 5 and Figure 6 As can be seen, the first gear 75 and the second gear 76 are fully enclosed inside the positioning cover 63, which can ensure stable transmission while also protecting the first gear 75 and the second gear 76. Furthermore, the grinding sleeve 714 features a detachable design, making it easy for users to disassemble and reassemble excessively worn grinding sleeve 714.

[0039] In this embodiment, compared to the traditional direct dosing design, two independent pipes are designed to dosing the thallium removal agent of molten salt modified biochar and lime or sodium hydroxide in separate sections inside the feeding hopper 72. Although the feeding hopper 72 is equipped with two identical first rotating plates 712 and second rotating plates 713, the length of the first rotating plate 712 is longer than that of the second rotating plate 713, forming a gap between the second rotating plate 713 and the inner wall of the feeding hopper 72. Therefore, the first step can grind large pieces and solid materials that have formed clumps during the conveying process into solid materials of equal volume. Next, the material enters the first rotating plate 712 and undergoes two stages of grinding to a fine powder state before being fed into the treatment tank 1. This design allows the dosing method to integrate mixing, grinding, and feeding into a single operation. The molten salt modified biochar thallium removal agent and lime or sodium hydroxide are more conducive to contact and dissolution with the lithium mica brine in the treatment tank, ensuring that the water can fully achieve adsorption and maximizing the utilization rate of the molten salt modified biochar thallium removal agent to ensure efficient thallium removal. Furthermore, it can also regulate the pH of the entire water body, effectively removing thallium from the lithium mica brine, avoiding water pollution, and contributing to environmental protection.

[0040] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: Molten salt modified biochar thallium removal agent and lime or sodium hydroxide can be separately conveyed through the first feed pipe 78 and the second feed pipe 79 (the first feed pipe 78 and the second feed pipe 79 are preferably designed with flexible hoses, and the length of the first feed pipe 78 and the second feed pipe 79 can be designed according to the length of the processing box 1, and the molten salt modified biochar thallium removal agent and lime or sodium hydroxide can be stored in separate external tanks, and vacuum conveying is preferred). In this way, the two solid materials will enter the discharge hopper 72 through the top pipe 77. The drive motor 64 rotates counterclockwise to control the drive rod 74 to rotate counterclockwise. The counterclockwise rotating drive rod 74 controls the first gear 75 to rotate counterclockwise and simultaneously engages the transmission control of the second gear 76 to drive the driven rod 715 to rotate clockwise. Finally, the powder in the feeding bin 72 is ground into fine powder and fed into the processing box 1 for thallium removal and adsorption.

[0041] Third embodiment: Please see Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 11 The top plate 2 is equipped with a rack 3 and a limiting plate 4 respectively. One end of the drive motor 64 outputs a keyway connected to a guide wheel 65 on the side away from the positioning cover 63. The upper surface of the moving plate 61 is fixed with a side plate 62 on the side of the positioning cover 63. The bottom of the moving plate 61 is rotatably connected with multiple rollers 67.

[0042] The guide wheel 65 is rotatably connected to the side plate 62 at its axis via a bearing. The outer wall of the guide wheel 65 is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the limiting plate 4. The multiple rollers 67 are in contact with the upper surface of the top plate 2.

[0043] Please see Figure 7 In the second embodiment, when the drive motor 64 rotates counterclockwise, it will also drive the guide wheel 65 on one side to rotate counterclockwise within the limiting plate 4. Preferably, the guide wheel 65 can be made of rubber material; Secondly, the first gear 75 is meshed with the rack 3. While the first gear 75 rotates counterclockwise on the rack 3, the guide wheel 65 rotates counterclockwise inside the limiting plate 4. This allows the entire moving plate 61 and the feeding bin 72 to move horizontally from the right side of the rack 3 to the left side. It also includes a material spreading mechanism 8, which includes a mounting frame 81 mounted on the outer wall of the second mounting plate 73. Inside the mounting frame 81 and at the outer end of the drive rod 74, a drive gear 82 is connected via a keyway. A driven gear 83 is meshed with one side of the drive gear 82. A rotating rod 84 is connected via a keyway at the axis of the driven gear 83. A material spreading disc 85 is fixed at the bottom end of the rotating rod 84. A baffle 711 is fixed on the outer wall of the discharge pipe 710.

[0044] The outer wall of the rotating rod 84 is rotatably connected to the mounting frame 81 via a bearing, and the two sides of the baffle 711 are set at a 45-degree angle to the axis of the discharge pipe 710.

[0045] Please see Figure 11 In the first embodiment, the powder material entering from the discharge pipe 710 will fall evenly onto the spreading disc 85 on both sides through the baffle 711. At the same time, when the drive rod 74 rotates, it will synchronously drive the drive gear 82 to mesh and control the driven gear 83 to rotate and transmit within the mounting frame 81, thereby realizing the rotation of the spreading disc 85 driven by the rotating rod 84.

[0046] In this embodiment: Based on the first embodiment, the drive motor 64 can change the movement trajectory of the entire moving plate 61 and the feeding bin 72 while rotating counterclockwise, and move from the rightmost side in the initial state to the left side. During the movement, the powder processed in the first embodiment can be rotated and scattered inside the processing box 1. Therefore, the integrated operation of mobile material spreading can be realized. The material can move freely according to the length of the treatment box 1. First, the front baffle 711 evenly distributes the powder on the spreading disc 85. The spreading disc 85 rotates and sprinkles the powder onto the water in the treatment box 1, ensuring that the powder distribution is more uniform, thereby further improving the adsorption and removal of thallium. This can avoid uneven mixing in the thallium removal machine. When the powder falls onto the spreading disc 85, it will first pass through the baffle 711 to both sides, thus forming material spreading at both ends, ensuring that the powder can be more dispersed and that the spreading is more uniform.

[0047] Please combine again Figure 1 and Figure 7In actual use, the feeding hopper 72 is not limited to conveying powder. Liquid cleaning solution can also be added inside the feeding hopper 72 according to actual use. At this time, the rotation direction of the first rotating plate 712 and the second rotating plate 713 changes, and the liquid can be pumped into the interior of the processing tank 1, thus forming a water washing function. When the processing tank 1 is working for a long time to remove thallium, water can be pumped to wash the inner wall of the processing tank 1 according to the actual situation.

[0048] Fourth embodiment: Please see Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figures 12 to 13 It also includes a reciprocating mechanism 9. A discharge pipe 10 is installed on the side wall of the processing box 1. The reciprocating mechanism 9 includes a filter plate 95 fixed to the inner wall of the processing box 1 and in the same horizontal direction as the discharge pipe 10. Positioning plates 96 are fixed on both sides of the filter plate 95. A lever frame 97 is slidably connected to the opposite side of the positioning plate 96. Two sliding rods 91 are fixed on the inner wall of the processing box 1 and directly above the filter plate 95. A reciprocating plate 92 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the two sliding rods 91. Two return springs 93 are sleeved on the outer wall of the two sliding rods 91 and on one side of the reciprocating plate 92. A connecting plate 94 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the reciprocating plate 92. The two return springs 93 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the processing box 1 and the reciprocating plate 92 on both sides. The bottom end of the connecting plate 94 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the lever frame 97. The side wall of the moving plate 61 is fixedly provided with an abutment plate 66. The top plate 2 has a sliding groove 5 inside.

[0049] Please see Figure 7 In the operation of the third embodiment, as the moving plate 61 moves on the top plate 2, the moving plate 61 will simultaneously drive the contact plate 66 to slide inside the slide groove 5. After the material is spread, the moving plate 61 moves from the rightmost side of the top plate 2 to the leftmost side of the top plate 2. Please see Figure 4 During the process of processing lithium mica brine in the processing tank 1, the entire drive mechanism 6 and the feeding mechanism 7 are moved to the far left of the top plate 2 and need to remain stationary. Please see Figure 4 and Figure 12 After the treatment tank 1 finishes treating the lithium mica brine, the water in the treatment tank 1 needs to be discharged through the discharge pipe 10. During the discharge process, the user can reciprocate to control the moving plate 61 to drive the contact plate 66 to reciprocate to the force-bearing reciprocating plate 92 based on the third embodiment. When the reciprocating plate 92 is pushed by the contact plate 66, it will slide along the horizontal direction of the slide rod 91. At this time, the return spring 93 will be compressed. When the reciprocating plate 92 slides to the left, it will drive the connecting plate 94 at the bottom to move downward. Please see Figure 12 and Figure 13 When the connecting plate 94 moves downward, the bottom end of the connecting plate 94 will contact the control lever frame 97 and move downward along the vertical direction of the filter plate 95. When the contact plate 66 moves away from the reciprocating plate 92, the compressed return spring 93 will automatically reset and control the reciprocating plate 92 to the initial state, thereby driving the connecting plate 94 to pull the lever frame 97 upward along the vertical direction of the filter plate 95.

[0050] Understandable: Combination Figure 13 It can be seen that the two sides of the lever bracket 97 are slidably connected to the two side positioning plates 96, and the positioning plates 96 are in the shape of an "L" shape. This design can ensure that the lever bracket 97 can rise and slide stably along the vertical direction of the positioning plates 96. Secondly, the back of the lever bracket 97 can be stably attached to the outer wall of the filter plate 95.

[0051] In this embodiment: After the work of the third embodiment is completed, the lithium mica brine and the molten salt modified biochar thallium removal agent in the treatment box 1 are mixed. After the static adsorption process is completed, the user can control the moving plate 61 to move back and forth. This design allows the contact plate 66 to control the reciprocating plate 92, enabling the lever frame 97 to move vertically and reciprocally along the surface of the filter plate 95. This design ensures that the discharge pipe 10 has a good clogging function when discharging the treated lithium mica wastewater. Traditional filtration clogging designs typically have a separate filtration system installed at the outer end of the discharge pipe 10. In this case, a filter plate 95 is directly installed between the inner wall of the treatment tank 1 and the discharge pipe 10 to perform primary filtration of sludge and adsorbent clumps. Secondly, during the filtration and discharge process, the lever frame 97, which moves reciprocally with the drive mechanism 6 and the feeding mechanism 7, moves up and down outside the filter plate 95. This agitates the sludge and adsorbent clumps adsorbed on the mesh of the filter plate 95, allowing them to continue mixing in the lithium mica brine. This ensures stable discharge from the discharge pipe 10 while preventing secondary clogging.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural transformations made under the concept of the present invention using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water treatment device based on modified biochar thallium removal agent, characterized in that, Includes a processing box, a drive mechanism, and a feeding mechanism; An inlet pipe is installed on the side wall of the processing box; The upper surface of the processing box is bolted with a top plate. The driving mechanism includes a moving plate, and a drive motor is bolted to the upper surface of the moving plate. A positioning cover is fixed to the upper surface of the moving plate and to one side of the drive motor. A first mounting plate, a feeding bin, and a second mounting plate are bolted to the outer wall of the positioning cover. A drive rod is keyway connected to the output shaft of the drive motor near the positioning cover. A first gear is keyway connected to the outer wall of the drive rod. A driven rod is rotatably connected inside the first mounting plate and above the drive rod. A second gear is keyway connected to the outer wall of the driven rod. A top pipe is fixed to the top of the feeding bin, and a discharge pipe is fixed to the bottom of the feeding bin. A first rotating plate and a second rotating plate are keyway connected to the outer walls of the drive rod and the driven rod, respectively. Grinding sleeves are bolted to the inner sides of both the first and second rotating plates. A first feed pipe and a second feed pipe are installed on the top flange of the top pipe.

2. The water treatment equipment based on modified biochar thallium removal agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first gear and the second gear are rotatably connected to the first mounting plate at their shaft centers via bearings, and the two ends of the drive rod and the driven rod are rotatably connected to the second mounting plate and the positioning cover via bearings.

3. The water treatment equipment based on modified biochar thallium removal agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the first rotating plate is longer than the length of the second rotating plate. There is a gap between the two extreme positions of the second rotating plate and the inner wall of the feeding hopper. The first gear and the second gear mesh with each other.

4. The water treatment equipment based on modified biochar thallium removal agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top plate is equipped with a rack and a limiting plate on its upper surface. One end of the drive motor output shaft is connected to a guide wheel via a keyway on the side away from the positioning cover. The upper surface of the moving plate is fixed with a side plate on one side of the positioning cover. The bottom of the moving plate is rotatably connected with multiple rollers.

5. The water treatment equipment based on modified biochar thallium removal agent according to claim 4, characterized in that, The guide wheel is rotatably connected to the side plate via a bearing at its axis, the outer wall of the guide wheel is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the limiting plate, and the multiple rollers are in contact with the upper surface of the top plate.

6. The water treatment equipment based on modified biochar thallium removal agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a material spreading mechanism, which includes a mounting frame installed on the outer wall of the second mounting plate. A drive gear is connected to the keyway inside the mounting frame and at the outer end of the drive rod. A driven gear is meshed with one side of the drive gear. A rotating rod is connected to the shaft of the driven gear via a keyway. A material spreading disc is fixed at the bottom end of the rotating rod. A baffle is fixed to the outer wall of the discharge pipe.

7. The water treatment equipment based on modified biochar thallium removal agent according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer wall of the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the mounting frame via bearings, and the two sides of the baffle are set at a 45-degree angle to the axis of the discharge pipe.

8. The water treatment equipment based on modified biochar thallium removal agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a reciprocating mechanism. A discharge pipe is installed on the side wall of the processing box. The reciprocating mechanism includes a filter plate fixed to the inner wall of the processing box and in the same horizontal direction as the discharge pipe. Positioning plates are fixed on both sides of the filter plate. A lever frame is slidably connected to the opposite side of the positioning plates. Two sliding rods are fixed on the inner wall of the processing box and directly above the filter plate. A reciprocating plate is slidably connected to the outer wall of the two sliding rods. Two return springs are sleeved on the outer wall of the two sliding rods and on one side of the reciprocating plate. A connecting plate is rotatably connected to the bottom of the reciprocating plate. The two return springs are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the processing box and the reciprocating plate on both sides. The bottom end of the connecting plate is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the lever frame. The side wall of the moving plate is fixedly provided with an abutment plate. The top plate has a sliding groove inside.

9. A method for preparing a thallium removal agent, characterized in that, The modified biochar thallium removal agent is used in the water treatment equipment based on the modified biochar thallium removal agent as described in any one of claims 1-8, and includes the following preparation steps: S1: Ball mill biomass and potassium salt at a mass ratio of 1:(0.5-3), or stir biomass, potassium salt, and pure water at a mass ratio of 1:(0.5-3):10 at 80℃ for 6-12 hours to obtain a mixture. Pyrolyze the mixture under a protective atmosphere to obtain molten salt modified biochar thallium removal agent. The biomass is corn starch. S2: Based on S1, the potassium salt is either potassium chloride or either potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate, with a mass ratio of 1:

1. The ball milling time is 0.2-1 h. The pyrolysis method is gradient heating, with the first stage pyrolysis temperature at 300-350℃ and a pyrolysis time of 1-2 h, and the second stage pyrolysis temperature at 550-850℃ and a pyrolysis time of 1-2 h. S3: Based on S2, the pyrolysis process further includes: removing excess potassium salt or dissolved substances present on the surface by dilute hydrochloric acid and deionized water.

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