Biomass pyrolysis catalytic reaction device for ultrasonic online decoking

Abstract

The invention provides an ultrasonic online decoking biomass pyrolysis catalytic reaction device which comprises a pyrolysis catalytic reaction system and an intelligent control ultrasonic decoking system, the pyrolysis catalytic reaction system comprises a feeding heat preservation section, a pyrolysis section and a catalytic condensation section, a reaction container of the pyrolysis catalytic reaction system is made of a transparent material, and the intelligent control ultrasonic decoking system is arranged in the reaction container. The outer side of the reaction container is wrapped with a heat preservation layer 4, an annular cavity is formed between the heat preservation layer 4 and the outer wall of the reaction container, n ultrasonic nodes are longitudinally arranged on the intelligent control ultrasonic decoking system, each ultrasonic node comprises m sets of ultrasonic elements, and the m sets of ultrasonic elements are evenly distributed on the periphery of the reaction container. According to the invention, the photo-thermal conversion efficiency can be obviously improved, and the stability is maintained in the reaction process, so that the yield of a target product is improved; online cleaning in the reaction process is realized, the production efficiency is improved, and the effective operation time of the device is prolonged; energy consumption is saved, operation cost is reduced, clean production is achieved, the process is environment-friendly, secondary pollution is avoided, and operation is easy, convenient and safe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This patent belongs to the field of biomass pyrolysis catalysis, specifically relating to an ultrasonic online desiccant removal biomass pyrolysis catalytic reaction device. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of global efforts to address climate change, transform energy structures, and achieve carbon neutrality, biomass energy, as the only renewable and carbon-neutral carbon-containing energy source, has become a key development direction in the energy and environmental protection field due to its efficient and clean utilization. Among numerous biomass conversion technologies, rapid pyrolysis is considered one of the most promising pathways for efficiently converting biomass solid waste into high-quality liquid fuels (bio-oil). To further enhance the greenness of this process and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, researchers have begun to focus on utilizing solar energy as the driving energy source for the pyrolysis process.

[0003] However, regardless of the heat source used, an inherent and challenging technical problem in biomass pyrolysis is the presence of a large amount of heavy and viscous tar in the volatiles produced. This tar undergoes secondary reactions (cracking and condensation), potentially further carbonizing in excessively high-temperature areas to form a hard carbon deposit. As it leaves the pyrolysis zone and flows through the reactor's inner wall, it easily condenses and adheres to the relatively cooler tube wall. This problem is particularly critical for solar pyrolysis reactors, manifesting in two main ways: ① A sharp decline in light absorption efficiency: In solar pyrolysis systems, transparent quartz glass is typically used as the reaction tube to allow concentrated external sunlight to penetrate and directly heat the biomass. Once a layer of dark tar or carbon deposit adheres to the inner wall of the quartz tube, it severely hinders light penetration, much like covering a window with a black film, leading to a sharp decline in both the system's light absorption efficiency and pyrolysis efficiency. ② Energy waste and thermal runaway: The attached carbon deposit layer itself absorbs a large amount of light and heat energy, but some of this energy is lost outward through the pipe wall and cannot be effectively transferred to the biomass material in the core area, resulting in serious energy waste. At the same time, this uneven heat absorption and dissipation will disrupt the stability and uniformity of the temperature field inside the reactor, affecting the final yield and quality of bio-oil.

[0004] To address the issues of tar residue and carbon buildup, existing technologies typically employ post-reaction treatment methods. For example, after the reaction, air or oxygen is introduced into the high-temperature reactor to burn off the carbon deposits through high-temperature oxidation and combustion. This method not only consumes a significant amount of energy to maintain the high temperature but also generates greenhouse gases such as CO2, contradicting the initial goal of environmental protection. Other methods, such as chemical solvent cleaning or mechanical scraping, are problematic. The former generates large amounts of difficult-to-treat organic waste liquid, causing secondary pollution; the latter easily scratches the inner wall of expensive quartz reaction tubes, shortening their lifespan, and is difficult to achieve thorough cleaning.

[0005] Ultrasonic cleaning technologies also exist in other industrial sectors. However, the application environment and mechanism of action of this technology differ fundamentally from those of high-temperature biomass pyrolysis: First, it operates in a low-temperature (<100℃) liquid-phase environment, relying on the cavitation effect of the liquid, while biomass pyrolysis for bio-oil production takes place in a high-temperature (200-500℃ or even higher) gas-solid phase environment, where cavitation cannot occur; second, it removes hard inorganic scale, while the technology in this field requires the removal of viscous organic tar and amorphous carbon, which are entirely different in nature. Therefore, this technology cannot be directly applied to solve the problem of online tar removal in biomass pyrolysis reactors.

[0006] In summary, existing technologies generally suffer from reduced photothermal efficiency and energy waste due to tar and carbon buildup pollution, and lack a technology and device capable of online, real-time, efficient, non-destructive, and environmentally friendly cleaning during the reaction process. This has become a key bottleneck restricting the long-term stable operation and large-scale industrial application of solar biomass pyrolysis technology, and a novel solution is urgently needed in this field to overcome these shortcomings. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention provides an ultrasonic online descaling biomass pyrolysis catalytic reaction device, comprising a pyrolysis catalytic reaction system and an intelligent control ultrasonic descaling system. The pyrolysis catalytic reaction system comprises three parts: a feeding and heat preservation section, a pyrolysis section, and a catalytic condensation section. The reaction container of the pyrolysis catalytic reaction system is made of transparent material, and the outside of the reaction container is wrapped with a heat preservation layer 4. An annular cavity is formed between the heat preservation layer 4 and the outer wall of the reaction container. n ultrasonic nodes are arranged longitudinally on the reaction container, with each ultrasonic node being 10-15 cm apart. Each ultrasonic node is actually a circumference. The number of ultrasonic nodes is arranged according to the actual length. Each ultrasonic node includes m sets of ultrasonic elements, and the m sets of ultrasonic elements are evenly distributed around the outer periphery of the reaction container. n and m are natural numbers.

[0008] Furthermore, the feeding and heat preservation section consists of a feeding inlet 1, a gas inlet 2, and a polishing and heat preservation barrier 3;

[0009] A screw feeder is connected to the feed inlet 1. In the edge area of ​​the upper flange, a gas inlets 2 are evenly arranged along the circumference with the feed inlet 1 as the center, forming a ring array, where a is a natural number.

[0010] The gas inlet 2 is located on the inner surface of the flange, and its arrangement radius is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the reaction vessel, so that the gas outlet is in close contact with the inner wall of the reaction vessel.

[0011] The end of the feed inlet 1 is connected to a polished insulation barrier 3. The insulation barrier has a hemispherical structure with the spherical crown facing down. Its diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the reaction vessel and it is located inside the reaction vessel, so that it is arranged close to the inner wall without contacting the reaction vessel tube wall.

[0012] Furthermore, the pyrolysis section includes a porous light-absorbing bed 10, a quartz window 11, and a xenon lamp 12, with the porous light-absorbing bed 10 fixed in the reaction vessel. A quartz window 11 is opened in the middle of the insulation layer 4 of the pyrolysis section, allowing the sunlight simulated by the xenon lamp 12 to enter the porous light-absorbing bed 10 unimpeded. The porous light-absorbing bed 10 is a thick porous light-absorbing heating medium.

[0013] Furthermore, the periphery of the porous light-absorbing bed 10 is covered with quartz wool 9.

[0014] Furthermore, the ultrasonic components of the intelligent control ultrasonic decoking system include a functional ring 5, an ultrasonic transducer 6, and a waveguide rod 7. The functional ring 5 is composed of m functional ring splicing parts. The ultrasonic transducer 6 extends out of the insulation layer 4 through the waveguide rod 7. The waveguide rod 7 is fixedly connected to the functional ring splicing part with the central opening. The functional ring 5 is clamped and fixed to the outer wall of the reactor. A limiting support ring 8 is installed below the functional ring 5.

[0015] Furthermore, the acoustic waveguide 7 passes through the channel of the insulation layer 4 via the ceramic sleeve 401, with the acoustic waveguide 7 maintaining a distance of 1-2 mm from the ceramic sleeve 401, and the two ends of the channel are plugged with loose ceramic cotton 402.

[0016] Furthermore, the functional ring 5 is a circular ring tightened with high-strength bolts, and a layer of flexible graphite paper 501 with a thickness of 0.2 to 0.5 mm is pressed and fixed to the outer wall of the reaction vessel; the functional ring 5 is gently placed on the ceramic fiber paper gasket 801 above the limiting support ring 8, and the limiting support ring 8 is connected to the heat insulation layer 4 through a slender support rod 802.

[0017] Furthermore, the intelligent control ultrasonic defocusing system is equipped with a high-stability laser transmitting / receiving module 13. The transmitter and receiver are symmetrically installed on the inner wall of the pyrolysis section insulation layer 4, located on both sides of the high-temperature zone 5-10cm above the porous light-absorbing bed layer 10, adjacent to the quartz window.

[0018] Furthermore, the armored K-type thermocouple 14 extends from the feed port 1 into the reactants inside the reaction vessel.

[0019] Furthermore, the catalytic condensation section consists of a thermocouple 15, a porous plate 16, an electric heating wire 17, a heating tape 18, a cold trap 19, and a gas collection device 20;

[0020] The porous plate 16 is fixed inside the reaction vessel, and the thermocouple 15 is welded to the insulation layer 4, which is 3-6 cm higher than the porous plate 16.

[0021] The electric heating wire 17 is embedded in the insulation layer 4.

[0022] Furthermore, a heat tracing cable 18 is wrapped around the gas outlet pipe at the end of the catalytic condensation section, and the gas outlet pipe is connected to a cold trap 19, after which a gas collection device 20 is connected.

[0023] Beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. Significantly improves photothermal conversion efficiency and maintains its stability during the reaction process, thereby increasing the yield of the target product.

[0025] This invention utilizes an integrated online, real-time monitoring and cleaning system to instantly detect and remove tar and carbon deposits adhering to the inner wall of the quartz reaction tube. This ensures that the quartz tube wall, serving as a light transmission channel, maintains high transparency throughout the entire long-cycle reaction process, keeping the light transmittance of the reaction tube consistently above 80%. This directly addresses the core problem in the prior art where tube wall contamination leads to a sharp decline in light absorption efficiency, guaranteeing that solar energy can be continuously and efficiently transferred to the biomass material in the core area, thereby stabilizing and improving the yield of high-quality bio-oil.

[0026] 2. Achieving "online" cleaning during the reaction process greatly improves production efficiency and the effective operating time of the equipment.

[0027] The ultrasonic descaling system of this invention can be started on demand while the pyrolysis reaction is in progress (e.g., at temperatures above 300°C), and can be stopped for deep cleaning after multiple runs, eliminating the need for shutdown, cooling, disassembly, and subsequent cleaning as required by existing technologies. This completely changes the intermittent "reaction-stop-cleaning" operation mode, achieving truly long-term continuous and stable operation, laying the foundation for this technology to move out of the laboratory and towards large-scale industrial production.

[0028] 3. It saves energy consumption, reduces operating costs, and aligns with the national policy of energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0029] By achieving online cleaning, this invention completely avoids the "high-temperature oxidation (coking)" process in the prior art, which requires reheating the reactor to a high temperature and maintaining it for a long time after the reaction to remove carbon deposits. This process is a major source of additional energy consumption in the prior art. By completing the cleaning directly while the reaction is "hot," this invention saves the total energy consumption of the entire process and significantly reduces operating costs.

[0030] 4. Achieve clean production, environmentally friendly process, and no secondary pollution.

[0031] The descaling process of this invention is purely physical vibration and inert gas purging, without involving other chemical reagents. Therefore, it eliminates the large amounts of toxic and difficult-to-treat organic waste liquid generated by chemical cleaning methods, avoiding secondary pollution to the environment. Simultaneously, it also avoids the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide produced by high-temperature oxidation methods.

[0032] 5. Improve automation level, enhance process stability, and ensure simple and safe operation.

[0033] This invention integrates sensors, controllers, and actuators into a closed-loop intelligent system that can autonomously determine and execute descaling tasks based on preset logic (such as temperature and light transmittance) without manual intervention. This not only greatly reduces the labor intensity of operators but also maintains reaction conditions (such as wall cleanliness and temperature field) within an optimal and stable range, thereby ensuring the quality stability between product batches. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the top flange structure of the device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic element arrangement structure of the device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention at 180°.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic element arrangement structure of the device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention at a 120° angle;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a partially enlarged structural diagram of the ultrasonic defocusing system of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure Description: An ultrasonic online desiccant removal biomass pyrolysis catalytic reactor includes: 1. Feed inlet; 2. Gas inlet; 3. Polishing and insulation barrier; 4. Insulation layer; 5. Functional ring; 6. Ultrasonic transducer; 7. Acoustic waveguide rod; 8. Limiting support ring; 9. Quartz wool; 10. Porous light-absorbing bed; 11. Quartz window; 12. Xenon lamp; 13. High-stability laser emitting / receiving module; 14. Armored K-type thermocouple; 15. Thermocouple; 16. Porous plate; 17. Electric heating wire; 18. Electric heating tape; 19. Cold trap; 20. Gas collection device; 401. Ceramic sleeve; 402. Ceramic wool; 501. Flexible graphite paper; 801. Ceramic fiber gasket; 802. Support rod. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] Example 1:

[0042] This embodiment provides a specific implementation method for an ultrasonic online desiccant removal biomass pyrolysis catalytic reactor, as follows:

[0043] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the device structure of an embodiment of the present invention is shown. As can be seen, the device includes a pyrolysis catalytic reaction system and an intelligent control ultrasonic decoking system. The pyrolysis catalytic reaction system includes three parts: a feeding and heat preservation section, a pyrolysis section, and a catalytic condensation section. The reaction container of the pyrolysis catalytic reaction system is made of transparent material, specifically quartz. The outer side of the reaction container is wrapped with a heat preservation layer 4, and an annular cavity is formed between the heat preservation layer 4 and the outer wall of the reaction container. The intelligent control ultrasonic decoking system has three ultrasonic nodes distributed longitudinally. Two ultrasonic nodes are arranged 20 cm above the porous light-absorbing bed 10 with a spacing of 15 cm, and one ultrasonic node is arranged 3 cm below the porous light-absorbing bed 10. Each ultrasonic node is equipped with two sets of ultrasonic elements, which are evenly distributed 180° around the reaction container. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the ultrasonic element arrangement structure of the device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown.

[0044] The feeding and heat preservation section consists of a feeding inlet 1, a gas inlet 2, and a polishing and heat preservation barrier 3;

[0045] An external screw feeder is connected to the feed inlet 1. In the upper flange edge area, with the feed inlet 1 as the center, eight gas inlets 2 are evenly arranged along the circumference, forming a ring array (see...). Figure 2 );

[0046] The gas inlet 2 is located on the inner surface of the flange, and its arrangement radius is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the reaction vessel, so that the gas outlet is in close contact with the inner wall of the quartz tube.

[0047] The end of the feed inlet 1 is connected to a polished heat insulation barrier 3. The heat insulation barrier has a hemispherical structure with the spherical crown facing downwards. Its diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the quartz tube reaction vessel and it is located inside the quartz tube reaction vessel, so that it is arranged close to the inner wall without contacting the tube wall.

[0048] The pyrolysis section includes a porous light-absorbing bed 10, quartz windows 11, and xenon lamps 12. The porous light-absorbing bed 10 is fixed in the reaction vessel. Two quartz windows 11 are opened opposite each other in the middle of the insulation layer 4 of the pyrolysis section, allowing the sunlight simulated by the two xenon lamps 12 to enter the porous light-absorbing bed 10 unimpeded. The porous light-absorbing bed 10 is a 12cm thick silicon carbide porous light-absorbing heating medium.

[0049] A small amount of quartz wool 9 is laid around the periphery of the porous light-absorbing bed 10. After each ultrasonic element is activated, under the action of the inert airflow blowing through the gas inlet 2 at the flange edge and the mechanical vibration of the quartz tube, the tar flows downward and the carbon deposits fall off, and are adsorbed and collected by the quartz wool 9 in the pyrolysis section.

[0050] Figure 5A partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of the ultrasonic defocusing system of Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown. As can be seen, the ultrasonic components of the intelligent control ultrasonic defocusing system include a functional ring 5, an ultrasonic transducer 6, and a waveguide rod 7. The functional ring 5 is composed of two functional ring splicing pieces. The ultrasonic transducer 6 extends out of the insulation layer 4 through the waveguide rod 7. The waveguide rod 7 is fixedly connected to the functional ring splicing piece with a central opening. The functional ring 5 is clamped to the outer wall of the quartz tube by high-strength bolts. The edge of the functional ring 5 close to the tube wall has rounded corners. A limiting support ring 8 is installed below the functional ring 5.

[0051] The functional ring splice and the acoustic waveguide rod 7 are connected by a detachable rigid thread.

[0052] The acoustic waveguide 7 passes through the channel of the insulation layer 4 via the ceramic sleeve 401. The diameter of the channel of the insulation layer 4 is designed according to the diameter of the acoustic waveguide 7. The acoustic waveguide 7 and the ceramic sleeve 401 maintain a distance of 1mm to avoid direct contact. Loose ceramic cotton 402 is plugged at both ends of the channel to reduce air convection and to prevent it from being tightly fitted to the acoustic waveguide 7.

[0053] Functional ring 5 is a ring tightened with high-strength bolts, and a layer of 0.2mm thick flexible graphite paper 501 is pressed and fixed to the outer wall of the reaction vessel; functional ring 5 is gently placed on ceramic fiber paper gasket 801 above limiting support ring 8, and limiting support ring 8 is connected to insulation layer 4 through slender support rod 802.

[0054] The intelligent control ultrasonic defocusing system is equipped with a high-stability laser transmitting / receiving module 13. The transmitter and receiver are symmetrically installed on the inner wall of the pyrolysis section insulation layer 4, located on both sides of the high-temperature zone 16cm above the porous light-absorbing bed layer 10, adjacent to the quartz window.

[0055] The armored K-type thermocouple 14 extends into the reaction material inside the reaction vessel through the feed port 1.

[0056] The catalytic condensation section consists of a thermocouple 15, a porous plate 16, an electric heating wire 17, a heating tape 18, a cold trap 19, and a gas collection device 20;

[0057] The porous plate 16 is fixed inside the reaction vessel, and the thermocouple 15 is welded to the insulation layer 4, which is 6 cm higher than the porous plate 16.

[0058] The electric heating wire 17 is embedded in the insulation layer 4.

[0059] The catalytic section is heated by electric heating wire 17 and temperature controlled in real time by K-type thermocouple 15. The catalyst should be preheated to the catalytic temperature before biomass feeding.

[0060] An ultrasonic node is set 3 cm below the porous light-absorbing bed 10 to ensure that the tar on the quartz tube wall in the transition zone flows to the catalytic section.

[0061] The gas outlet pipe at the end of the catalytic condensation section is wrapped with a heat tracing cable 18, and the gas outlet pipe is connected to a cold trap 19. The gas collection device 20 is connected after the cold trap 19.

[0062] The flanges and connecting pipes at the volatile gas outlet need to be wrapped with heating tape 18 to ensure that the pipe temperature is maintained at 120℃-180℃ and to prevent the volatiles from condensing prematurely in the pipe.

[0063] Bio-oil products are harvested in cold trap 19, and pyrolysis gas is harvested in gas collection device 20.

[0064] Example 2:

[0065] Figure 4 Alternative solutions for the placement of ultrasonic elements are demonstrated. If certain biomass is more likely to produce large amounts of tar or carbon deposits, the number of ultrasonic elements placed on each ultrasonic node can be increased to three. Functional ring 5 consists of three 120° rings, which are clamped to the outer wall of the quartz tube by high-strength bolts.

[0066] Example 3:

[0067] This embodiment provides a method for ultrasonic online descorching based on the device of the present invention, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0068] The catalyst is inserted from the bottom of the quartz tube. Before feeding the biomass, the xenon lamp 12 is turned on. The light source shines through the quartz window 11 onto the porous light-absorbing bed 10. At the same time, the electric heating of the catalytic section is turned on, and the K-type thermocouple 14 measures the system temperature. Feeding begins when the pyrolysis section is preheated to a stable temperature and the catalytic section reaches the preset catalytic temperature.

[0069] Biomass is fed into the upper inlet 1 via a screw feeder at a certain feed rate. Inert gas can be introduced into both inlet 1 and the gas inlet 2 at the flange edge. The inert gas introduced into inlet 1 ensures an inert atmosphere and airflow direction throughout the pyrolysis catalytic system. The inert gas introduced into gas inlet 2 primarily serves a purging function, reducing tar surface adhesion and residence time. The polished insulation barrier 3 at the top of the thermal stage reflects heat radiation and, together with the external insulation layer 4, provides insulation, reducing heat loss from the system.

[0070] The temperature in the pyrolysis section is controlled by adjusting the position of the xenon lamp 12 to change the size of the focal spot.

[0071] The ultrasonic element is activated based on the temperature monitored by the K-type thermocouple 14 and the transmittance monitored by the high-stability laser emitting / receiving module 13. If the activation conditions are met, the ultrasonic element is activated. The activation method can be manual control or intelligent automatic control.

[0072] The start-up conditions vary depending on the reactants. In this example, the reactant is chitosan, and the start-up conditions are that the pyrolysis temperature exceeds 300°C or the light transmittance is less than 80% of that of the transparent quartz tube.

[0073] This invention enables real-time descaling during pyrolysis, with the descaling process initiated primarily by two factors. First, temperature: when the temperature reaches the intense pyrolysis stage, such as above 300°C, a large amount of volatiles are generated. These volatiles condense on the tube wall in a relatively low-temperature region, generally entering a "danger zone," at which point the ultrasonic element needs to be activated. Second, the opacity of the quartz wall or window: for example, if the receiver detects a light transmittance below 80%, it prompts the activation of the ultrasonic element, or determines whether to stop the process for deeper cleaning.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic online descaling biomass pyrolysis catalytic reaction device, comprising a pyrolysis catalytic reaction system and an intelligent control ultrasonic descaling system, wherein the pyrolysis catalytic reaction system comprises three parts: a feeding and heat preservation section, a pyrolysis section, and a catalytic condensation section; the reaction container of the pyrolysis catalytic reaction system is made of transparent material, and the outside of the reaction container is wrapped with a heat preservation layer (4), and an annular cavity is formed between the heat preservation layer (4) and the outer wall of the reaction container; the intelligent control ultrasonic descaling system is longitudinally arranged with n ultrasonic nodes, each ultrasonic node comprising m sets of ultrasonic elements, and the m sets of ultrasonic elements are evenly distributed around the reaction container.

2. The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding and heat preservation section consists of a feeding port (1), a gas inlet (2), and a polishing and heat preservation barrier (3); The feed inlet (1) is connected to an external screw feeder. In the edge area of ​​the upper flange, a gas inlets (2) are uniformly arranged along the circumference with the feed inlet (1) as the center, forming a ring array. The gas inlet (2) is located on the inner surface of the flange, and its arrangement radius is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the reaction vessel, so that the gas outlet is close to the inner wall of the reaction vessel. The feed inlet (1) is connected to a polished insulation barrier (3). The insulation barrier has a hemispherical structure with the spherical crown facing down. Its diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the reaction vessel and it is located inside the reaction vessel so that it is arranged close to the inner wall without contacting the reaction vessel tube wall.

3. The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pyrolysis section includes a porous light-absorbing bed (10), a quartz window (11), and a xenon lamp (12). The porous light-absorbing bed (10) is fixed in the reaction vessel. The insulation layer (4) of the pyrolysis section has a quartz window (11) in the middle, which allows the sunlight simulated by the xenon lamp (12) to enter the porous light-absorbing bed (10) unimpeded. The porous light-absorbing bed (10) is a thick porous light-absorbing heating medium.

4. The reaction apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The periphery of the porous light-absorbing bed (10) is covered with quartz wool (9).

5. The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic components of the intelligent control ultrasonic decoking system include a functional ring (5), an ultrasonic transducer (6), and a waveguide rod (7). The functional ring (5) is composed of m functional ring splicing parts. The ultrasonic transducer (6) extends out of the insulation layer (4) through the waveguide rod (7). The waveguide rod (7) is fixedly connected to the functional ring splicing part with the central opening. The functional ring (5) is clamped and fixed on the outer wall of the reactor. A limiting support ring (8) is installed below the functional ring (5).

6. The reaction apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The acoustic waveguide (7) passes through the channel of the insulation layer (4) through the ceramic sleeve (401), and the acoustic waveguide (7) and the ceramic sleeve (401) maintain a distance of 1-2 mm. Loose ceramic cotton (402) is plugged at both ends of the channel.

7. The reaction apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The functional ring (5) is a ring tightened with high-strength bolts, and a layer of flexible graphite paper (501) is pressed and fixed to the outer wall of the reaction vessel; the functional ring (5) is gently placed on the ceramic fiber paper gasket (801) above the limiting support ring (8), and the limiting support ring (8) is connected to the heat insulation layer (4) through a slender support rod (802).

8. The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control ultrasonic defocusing system is equipped with a high-stability laser transmitting / receiving module (13). The transmitter and receiver are symmetrically installed on the inner wall of the pyrolysis section insulation layer (4), located on both sides of the high-temperature zone 5-10 cm above the porous light-absorbing bed layer (10), adjacent to the quartz window.

9. The reaction apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The armored K-type thermocouple (14) extends into the reaction material inside the reaction vessel from the feed port (1).

10. The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The catalytic condensation section consists of a thermocouple (15), a porous plate (16), an electric heating wire (17), a heating tape (18), a cold trap (19), and a gas collection device (20); The porous plate (16) is fixed inside the reaction vessel, and the thermocouple (15) is welded to the insulation layer (4), which is 3-6 cm higher than the porous plate (16). The electric heating wire (17) is embedded in the insulation layer (4).

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