Method for optimizing operation of electrolytic cell in electrochemical hydrogen production device

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for optimizing operation of an electrolytic cell in an electrochemical hydrogen production device, which comprises the following steps: acquiring power difference value information based on the operation power of the electrochemical hydrogen production device at the current moment and the predicted power of the electrochemical hydrogen production device at the next moment; according to the power difference value information, obtaining a set of all operation schemes meeting the predicted power at the next moment; according to the historical data of each electrolytic cell in the operation scheme set, the historical data of the electrolytic cell group to which the electrolytic cells belong and the first weight of each type of parameter in the preset historical data, the priority of each operation scheme is obtained and sorted; and selecting the electrolytic cell identifier in the operation scheme of the highest level in the priority sequence as the electrolytic cell for optimized operation at the next moment. The service efficiency of the electrolytic cell is guaranteed, the service life of the electrolytic cell is prolonged, meanwhile, energy consumption and loss are reduced, the evaluation scheme is quantified through historical data, human intervention is reduced, and the operation efficiency and reliability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of chemical system control or operation optimization technology of electrochemical hydrogen production equipment, and in particular to a method for optimizing the operation of electrolyzers in electrochemical hydrogen production equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In large-scale electrolytic hydrogen production or chlor-alkali chemical production processes, the electrolyzer, as a core piece of equipment, is prone to problems such as electrode aging, electrolyte imbalance, and increased energy consumption due to long-term continuous operation. To extend equipment life, improve operating efficiency, and achieve flexible load adjustment, enterprises are gradually introducing electrolyzer rotation scheduling systems. This system intelligently allocates the operating status of multiple electrolyzers, achieving "rotation and use," balancing equipment load and optimizing energy consumption structure while ensuring output. It also provides a window for equipment maintenance and fault early warning, making it an important scheduling strategy for achieving green, low-carbon, and intelligent manufacturing.

[0003] An existing method for rotating electrolyzers determines the required number of electrolyzers based on real-time wind power. If the required number of electrolyzers is not greater than the number of electrolyzers in hot standby mode, then a corresponding number of hot standby electrolyzers are selected as recommended electrolyzers. If the required number of electrolyzers is greater than the number of hot standby electrolyzers, then all hot standby electrolyzers are selected as recommended electrolyzers. This method can ensure that as many electrolyzers as possible are in hot standby and operating states, balance the cumulative operating time of each electrolyzer as much as possible, and balance the number of cold starts of each electrolyzer, thereby ensuring maximum wind power absorption, improving conversion efficiency, and extending the service life of the electrolyzers.

[0004] Another existing rotation control strategy achieves time-based rotation by adjusting the arrangement order of individual electrolyzers at the end of each rotation cycle. Within the rotation cycle, based on the electrolyzer power control amount, the operating status of other electrolyzers is configured according to the electrolyzers operating in a fluctuating power state at the previous moment, thus achieving power-based rotation. Time-based rotation can avoid the impact of temperature drop on the electrolyzer reaction rate due to prolonged downtime. Power-based rotation can avoid safety hazards caused by power being below the safe hydrogen production power for too long. The dual-line rotation strategy can extend the system's service life and improve system operational safety.

[0005] The first electrolyzer rotation method described above determines the required number of electrolyzers solely based on wind power, lacking sufficient fine-grained processing of power differences and failing to fully utilize historical data from the electrolyzers and their respective groups. The second rotation control strategy, while considering both time and power factors, lacks weighting and dynamic priority adjustment of various parameters from historical data, resulting in a simplistic scheduling strategy and inaccurate power response. Therefore, accurately addressing power fluctuations and integrating multi-source data to optimize electrolyzer operation has become a pressing technical challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0007] To address the problems of inaccurate power fluctuation response and lack of multi-source data comprehensive optimization in existing technologies, this invention provides a method for optimizing the operation of electrolyzers in electrochemical hydrogen production devices. By generating a set of operating schemes based on power difference information and determining priorities by combining historical data and parameter weights of the electrolyzers and their respective groups, the method significantly improves the operating efficiency, stability, and equipment lifespan of the electrolyzers.

[0008] (II) Technical Solution

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0010] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for optimizing the operation of an electrolyzer in an electrochemical hydrogen production device, comprising:

[0011] S100. Based on the current operating power of the electrochemical hydrogen production device and the predicted power of the electrochemical hydrogen production device at the next moment, obtain the power difference information.

[0012] S200. Based on the power difference information, obtain a set of all operating schemes that satisfy the predicted power at the next moment. If the power difference information is negative, the set of operating schemes includes: a combination of electrolytic cell identifiers for each operating scheme that satisfies the power difference information and is to be switched to a stop operating state; if the power difference information is positive, the set of operating schemes includes: a combination of electrolytic cell identifiers for each operating scheme that satisfies the power difference information and is to be switched to a start operating state.

[0013] S300. Based on the historical data of each electrolytic cell in the set of operating schemes, and the historical data of the electrolytic cell group to which the electrolytic cell belongs, and the first weight of various parameters in the pre-given historical data, obtain the priority of each operating scheme and sort them, and select the electrolytic cell identifier in the operating scheme with the highest priority in the priority sort as the electrolytic cell to be optimized for operation in the next moment.

[0014] The historical data refers to data from the current moment up to N days ago, where N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.

[0015] This invention determines whether to start a new electrolytic cell or reduce the number of existing electrolytic cells by acquiring the power difference information based on the current power and the predicted power at the next moment. It also obtains a set of operating schemes that meet the predicted power. Based on the historical data (last N days) of the electrolytic cells and their respective groups and preset weights, the priority of each operating scheme is calculated, and the optimal scheme is selected for execution. This ensures the utilization efficiency of the electrolytic cells, improves their lifespan, and reduces energy consumption and losses. By using historical data to quantitatively evaluate the schemes, human intervention is reduced, and operating efficiency and reliability are improved.

[0016] Optionally, the process may further include the following steps before step S100:

[0017] Determine whether the predicted power of the electrochemical hydrogen production unit at the next moment is within the total power range of all electrolyzers currently in operation. If not, execute S200; if so, adjust the operating power of the electrolyzers in the current operating state to optimize the operation of the electrolyzers.

[0018] Optionally, S300 includes:

[0019] 301. Based on the historical data of each electrolytic cell in the set of operating schemes, and the historical data of the electrolytic cell group to which the electrolytic cell belongs, obtain all parameters that affect the operating status of the electrolytic cell;

[0020] All parameters include one or more of the following:

[0021] The current power of the electrolytic cell group, the power range of the electrolytic cell, the response speed of the electrolytic cell, the energy efficiency of the electrolytic cell, the number of stage start / stop times of the electrolytic cell, the stage running time of the electrolytic cell, the current efficiency of the electrolytic cell, the running time of the electrolytic cell with power fluctuation, the running time of the electrolytic cell with low power, and the high energy efficiency parameter range of the electrolytic cell.

[0022] 302. Based on all parameters affecting the operating status of the electrolytic cell and the first weight of each type of parameter given in advance, obtain the priority of each operating scheme.

[0023] Optionally, the 301 includes:

[0024] Based on the voltage balancing constraint strategy and the current power of the electrolytic cell group, the first parameter affecting the priority of the operation plan is obtained. Specifically,

[0025] For each operating scheme, each electrolytic cell group is sorted based on the current power of the electrolytic cell group to obtain the first value of the first electrolytic cell in the operating scheme. If the power difference information is negative, the first value of the first electrolytic cell in the electrolytic cell group to which the maximum value in the sort belongs is the largest. If the power difference information is positive, the first value of the first electrolytic cell in the electrolytic cell group to which the minimum value in the sort belongs is the largest.

[0026] For each operating scheme, based on the power state update of the electrolytic cell group caused by the state switching of the first electrolytic cell in that operating scheme, the first assignment of the subsequent electrolytic cells in that operating scheme is obtained through iteration;

[0027] For each operating scheme, the first assignment of all electrolytic cells in the operating scheme is added together to obtain the first parameter of the operating scheme.

[0028] Optionally, the 301 includes:

[0029] Based on the load matching constraint strategy during start-up and shutdown and the power range of the electrolyzer, a second parameter affecting the priority of the operation plan is obtained. Specifically,

[0030] For each operating scheme, based on the power range of all electrolytic cells in that operating scheme, the matching degree between the power and range of that operating scheme and the power difference information is obtained. All matching degrees are sorted to obtain the second parameter of that operating scheme. The second parameter of the operating scheme with the highest matching degree is the largest.

[0031] Optionally, the 301 includes:

[0032] Based on the load response speed optimization strategy and the response speed of the electrolyzer, a third parameter affecting the priority of the operation plan is obtained. Specifically,

[0033] Electrolytes are sorted based on their response speed to obtain a second value. The electrolytes with the fastest response speed have the largest second value. For each operating scheme, the second values ​​of all electrolytes in the operating scheme are added together to obtain the third parameter of that operating scheme.

[0034] Optionally, the 301 includes:

[0035] Based on power utilization optimization strategies and the energy efficiency of electrolyzers, a fourth parameter affecting the priority of operation schemes is obtained. Specifically,

[0036] Electrolyzers are ranked based on their energy efficiency to obtain a third value. The electrolyzer with the highest energy efficiency has the largest third value. For each operating scheme, the third values ​​of all electrolyzers in the operating scheme are added together to obtain the fourth parameter of that operating scheme.

[0037] Optionally, prior to step S100, the method includes:

[0038] Based on the number of start / stop cycles, the duration of each cycle, the current efficiency, the duration of power fluctuations, the duration of low-power operation, the range of high-efficiency parameters, and a pre-defined second weight, a data model is obtained to determine the start / stop priority of the electrolyzers.

[0039] Accordingly, 301 further includes:

[0040] Based on the number of stage start / stop cycles of the electrolyzer, the stage running time of the electrolyzer, the current efficiency of the electrolyzer, the power fluctuation running time of the electrolyzer, the low power running time of the electrolyzer, the high energy efficiency parameter range of the electrolyzer, and the data model, the fifth parameter affecting the priority of the operation scheme is obtained.

[0041] Specifically,

[0042] For each operating scheme, the number of stage start / stop times, stage operating time, current efficiency, power fluctuation operating time, low power operating time, and high energy efficiency parameter range of each electrolyzer in the operating scheme are input into the data model to obtain the fourth value for each electrolyzer.

[0043] For each operating scheme, the fourth assignment of all electrolytic cells in the operating scheme is added together to obtain the fifth parameter of the operating scheme.

[0044] Optionally, it also includes:

[0045] S400: Based on the highest priority operation plan in the selected priority ranking and the response time of all electrolytic cells in that operation plan, obtain the electrolytic cell start-up and shutdown time schedule.

[0046] Optionally, S400:

[0047] 401. Perform a conflict pre-check on the electrolyzer in the operation plan to determine whether the action to switch the electrolyzer to the stop operation state or the action to switch the electrolyzer to the start operation state in the operation plan conflicts with the predicted power demand of the electrochemical hydrogen production unit at the next three time points. If so, cancel the state switching action of the electrolyzer in the operation plan.

[0048] 402. If not, proceed with the following steps:

[0049] If the number of electrolytic cells in the operation plan is 1, then the time when the action command of the electrolytic cell is issued is the difference between the time point corresponding to the next moment and the response time of the electrolytic cell.

[0050] If the number of electrolytic cells in the operation plan is ≥2, then the action command issuance time of each electrolytic cell is calculated based on the difference between the time point corresponding to the next moment and the response time of each electrolytic cell in the operation plan. The action command issuance times of any two electrolytic cells are compared. If the difference between the two action command issuance times is less than a preset duration threshold, then the action command issuance time of the electrolytic cell that performed the previous action in the operation plan is adjusted to the action command issuance time of the electrolytic cell that performed the subsequent action in the operation plan minus the preset duration threshold and the response time of the electrolytic cell that performed the previous action.

[0051] Specifically,

[0052] If the power difference is negative, the action command issuance time of each electrolytic cell is calculated backward based on the time point corresponding to the next moment and the stop response time of each electrolytic cell, so that the stop completion time of the last stopped electrolytic cell matches the next moment. The action command issuance times of any two electrolytic cells are compared. If the difference is less than the preset time threshold, the command issuance time of the previously stopped electrolytic cell is adjusted to the command issuance time of the subsequently stopped electrolytic cell minus the preset time threshold and the response time of the previously stopped electrolytic cell.

[0053] If the power difference is positive, the action command issuance time of each electrolytic cell is calculated backward based on the time point corresponding to the next moment and the start-up response time of each electrolytic cell, so that the start-up completion time of the last electrolytic cell is matched with the next moment. The action command issuance times of any two electrolytic cells are compared. If the difference is less than the preset time threshold, the command issuance time of the previously started electrolytic cell is adjusted to the command issuance time of the subsequently started electrolytic cell minus the preset time threshold and the response time of the previously started electrolytic cell.

[0054] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0055] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Based on the current power and the predicted power for the next moment, this invention determines whether to start a new electrolytic cell or reduce the number of existing electrolytic cells by acquiring power difference information, and obtains a set of operating schemes that meet the predicted power. Based on the historical data (last N days) of the electrolytic cells and their respective groups and preset weights, the priority of each operating scheme is calculated, and the optimal scheme is selected for execution. This ensures the utilization efficiency of the electrolytic cells, improves their lifespan, and reduces energy consumption and losses. The use of historical data to quantitatively evaluate the schemes reduces human intervention and improves operating efficiency and reliability.

[0056] The difference between this invention and the existing methods described above is that:

[0057] 1. To address the issue of differing calculation methods for electrolytic cell start / stop priorities, this invention establishes a data model by collecting and filtering electrolytic cell operation data, and calculates the start / stop priority of each electrolytic cell based on this model.

[0058] 2. Multi-purpose electrolyzer optimization operation strategy: In the process of optimizing the operation of electrolyzers, the start / stop priority of electrolyzers, voltage balance of each electrolyzer group, load matching, start / stop time and load response speed requirements of electrolyzers are considered. Multi-dimensional scheduling factors are integrated to achieve a balance between equipment health, energy efficiency improvement and stable operation, which significantly improves the comprehensive benefits and market competitiveness of electrochemical hydrogen production units.

[0059] 3. Generate an electrolytic cell start / stop time schedule and refine the electrolytic cell start / stop time control. This invention constructs a data model to generate an electrolytic cell start / stop priority ranking in real time, and refines the electrolytic cell start / stop time control strategy based on this, which can effectively improve the operating efficiency of the electrolytic cell, enhance stability, and achieve more refined scheduling management. Attached Figure Description

[0060] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for optimizing the operation of an electrolyzer in an electrochemical hydrogen production device, provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for optimizing the operation of an electrolyzer in an electrochemical hydrogen production device, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0062] To better explain and facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0063] This invention collects and filters electrolytic cell operating data to establish a data model for determining the start / stop priorities of electrolytic cells, and obtains the start / stop priorities of each electrolytic cell based on this data model. This data model forms a real-time changing electrolytic cell start / stop priority ranking, refines the start / stop time control of electrolytic cells, and can better improve the efficiency and stability of electrolytic cell operation.

[0064] It is understood that the data model of the present invention is a mathematical or data-driven model established by collecting and analyzing historical data of electrolytic cell operation to describe, predict or optimize the operating status and performance of electrolytic cells.

[0065] During the scheduling and rotation of electrolyzers in an electrochemical hydrogen production unit, the following factors are considered: electrolyzer start / stop priority (i.e., the fifth parameter), voltage balance of each electrolyzer group (the first parameter), load matching (the second parameter), load response speed requirement (the third parameter), and electrolyzer power utilization rate (the fourth parameter).

[0066] In essence, rotation refers to an operational strategy that involves periodically alternating the use or switching the operating status of multiple electrolyzers in operation. For example, an electrolyzer system may contain multiple electrolyzers (such as hydrogen electrolyzers). To extend equipment lifespan, balance usage intensity, and facilitate maintenance, not all electrolyzers are typically operated continuously for extended periods. The system follows a preset strategy, keeping some electrolyzers running while others are in standby or maintenance mode, and then periodically rotating their operating status.

[0067] The following is a detailed description of a method for optimizing the operation of an electrolyzer in an electrochemical hydrogen production device, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0068] Example

[0069] See Figure 1 A method for optimizing the operation of an electrolyzer in an electrochemical hydrogen production unit, comprising:

[0070] S100: Based on the current operating power of the electrochemical hydrogen production device and the predicted power of the electrochemical hydrogen production device at the next moment, obtain the power difference information.

[0071] It should be noted that the predicted power of the electrochemical hydrogen production unit at the next moment can be derived from the grid side or the dispatch demand of the energy system. For example, the predicted power of the electrochemical hydrogen production unit at the next moment can be obtained from the total power prediction planning curve of the electrolyzer over the next 24 hours. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 The total power prediction and planning curve for the electrolyzer can be obtained based on planned energy data. This planned energy data refers to data such as the predicted output of new energy sources used in the integrated wind-solar-storage-hydrogen production system, the status of the energy storage system, and the status of the electrolyzer. The solution involves finding the energy plan data that optimizes the target value (which could be economic efficiency, wind and solar utilization rate, etc.) under the operational constraints of the integrated wind-solar-storage-hydrogen production system. The total power prediction and planning curve for the electrolyzer can also be obtained using existing wind and solar forecasting methods.

[0072] Obtaining power difference information is the core step in optimizing the operation of electrolyzers. By quantifying the power gap, the number of electrolyzers that can be started and stopped can be precisely adjusted.

[0073] Before step S200, the method further includes: determining whether the predicted power of the electrochemical hydrogen production device at the next moment is within the total power range of all electrolyzers that are currently in operation. If not, proceed to step S200; if so, adjust the operating power of the electrolyzers in the current operating state to optimize the operation of the electrolyzers.

[0074] The decision to initiate an electrolytic cell number adjustment process is made by determining whether the predicted power of the electrochemical hydrogen production unit at the next moment exceeds the total power range of all currently running electrolyzers. If the predicted power is within the total power range, the actual operating power of the running electrolyzers can be adjusted to meet the predicted power at the next moment; if the predicted power is not within the total power range, the cell number adjustment process for subsequent electrolyzers is triggered to ensure that the actual power output matches the predicted demand.

[0075] It should be noted that each electrolytic cell has an upper power limit (i.e., the maximum power allowed to operate) and a lower power limit (i.e., the minimum power allowed to operate). The total power range of all electrolytic cells in the start-up and operation state mentioned above is the interval formed by the sum of the upper power limit and the lower power limit of each electrolytic cell in the start-up and operation state.

[0076] For example, suppose an electrochemical hydrogen production device includes electrolyzer groups A, B, and C. The power parameters of each electrolyzer in each group and its current operating status are shown in Table 1.

[0077]

[0078] Table 1

[0079] In Table 1, A1 in electrolytic cell group A and B1 in electrolytic cell group B are in the start-up state, while the other electrolytic cells are in the stop state (stop state includes hot standby state and cold standby state). The sum of the upper power limits of the electrolytic cells in the current start-up state is 10 + 20 = 30 (kW), and the sum of the lower power limits of the electrolytic cells in the current start-up state is 5 + 10 = 15 (kW). Therefore, the total power range of all electrolytic cells in the current start-up state is 15kW to 30kW.

[0080] Scenario 1: The predicted power of the electrochemical hydrogen production device at the next moment is 25kW, which is within the total power range, so there is no need to adjust the number of electrolyzers.

[0081] Scenario 2: The predicted power of the electrochemical hydrogen production device at the next moment is 45kW, which is not within the total power range. Execute step S100 to obtain the power difference information as 45-30=15(kW).

[0082] Scenario 3: The predicted power of the electrochemical hydrogen production device at the next moment is 10kW, which is not within the total power range. Execute step S100 to obtain the power difference information as 10-15=-5(kW).

[0083] S200. Based on the power difference information, obtain a set of all operating schemes that satisfy the predicted power at the next moment. If the power difference information is negative, the set of operating schemes includes: a combination of electrolytic cell identifiers for each operating scheme that satisfies the power difference information and is to be switched to the stop operating state; if the power difference information is positive, the set of operating schemes includes: a combination of electrolytic cell identifiers for each operating scheme that satisfies the power difference information and is to be switched to the start operating state.

[0084] This step generates corresponding electrolytic cell start / stop combination schemes by using the positive or negative power difference, ensuring that the total power output of the electrolytic cell is accurately matched with the predicted power at the next moment. The set of all operation schemes covers all possible cell number adjustment combinations (such as single cell start / stop or multi-cell combination), providing flexible scheduling options.

[0085] Taking Scenario 2 above as an example, the power difference information of 15kW is positive. One of the operation schemes in the set is Scheme 1, which adds 15kW to 30kW of power, increasing the total power range after adding C2 to 30kW to 60kW, covering the predicted power of 45kW. Another Scheme 2 is to add A2 and B2, adding 15kW to 30kW of power, increasing the total power range after adding A2 and B2 to 30kW to 60kW, also covering the predicted power of 45kW. It should be noted that the set of operation schemes in Scenario 2 is not limited to Schemes 1 and 2, but also includes many other combinations. For example, when C1 and A2 are added (Scheme 3), the added power range is 20kW to 40kW, increasing the total power range to 35kW to 70kW, also covering the predicted power of 45kW. When C2 and A2 are added (Scheme 4), the added power range is 20kW to 40kW, increasing the total power range to 35kW to 70kW, also meeting the prediction requirements. Similarly, by enumerating different combinations of electrolytic cells for startup, all possible operating schemes that meet the conditions can be listed. The above schemes are just representative examples.

[0086] Taking the above scenario 3 as an example, the power difference information -5kW is a negative value. One of the operation schemes, scheme 1, is to stop A1. After stopping A1, the total power range is 10kW to 20kW, covering the predicted power of 10kW. The other scheme, scheme 2, is to stop B1. After stopping B1, the total power range is 5kW to 10kW, covering the predicted power of 10kW.

[0087] S300. Based on the historical data of each electrolytic cell in the set of operating schemes, and the historical data of the electrolytic cell group to which the electrolytic cell belongs, and the first weight of each type of parameter in the pre-given historical data, obtain the priority of each operating scheme and sort them. Select the electrolytic cell identifier in the operating scheme with the highest priority in the priority ranking as the electrolytic cell to be optimized for operation at the next moment. The historical data is the data from the current moment to N days ago, where N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.

[0088] See Figure 2 The current data in the historical data is the operating data of the electrolytic cell. After correction, it is used for subsequent steps. Other data in the historical data are filtered and stored in the historical database for later use.

[0089] Step S300 selects the optimal operating scheme from all feasible operating schemes in step S200 through historical data quantitative analysis and multi-parameter weighted decision-making, achieving power matching and multi-objective synergistic optimization. Specifically, historical data traced back N days from the current moment reflects the long-term operating characteristics and health status of the equipment; by pre-setting weights, multi-dimensional parameters are transformed into quantifiable priority indicators. By quantifying historical data to predict equipment state evolution trends, and by using pre-setting weights to transform operational strategies into mathematical models, the optimal operating scheme that balances short-term power demands and long-term operational health is ultimately obtained.

[0090] This embodiment determines whether to start a new electrolytic cell or reduce the number of existing electrolytic cells by acquiring the power difference information based on the current power and the predicted power at the next moment. It also obtains a set of operating schemes that meet the predicted power. Based on the historical data (last N days) of the electrolytic cells and their respective groups and preset weights, the priority of each operating scheme is calculated, and the optimal scheme is selected for execution. This ensures the utilization efficiency of the electrolytic cells, improves their lifespan, and reduces energy consumption and losses. The use of historical data to quantitatively evaluate the schemes reduces human intervention and improves operating efficiency and reliability.

[0091] Specifically, the S300 includes:

[0092] 301. Based on the historical data of each electrolytic cell in the set of operating schemes, and the historical data of the electrolytic cell group to which the electrolytic cell belongs, obtain all parameters that affect the operating status of the electrolytic cell;

[0093] All parameters include one or more of the following:

[0094] The current power of the electrolytic cell group, the power range of the electrolytic cell, the response speed of the electrolytic cell, the energy efficiency of the electrolytic cell, the number of stage start / stop times of the electrolytic cell, the stage running time of the electrolytic cell, the current efficiency of the electrolytic cell, the running time of the electrolytic cell with power fluctuation, the running time of the electrolytic cell with low power, and the high energy efficiency parameter range of the electrolytic cell.

[0095] Step 301 defines all parameters, quantifying the electrolyzer's operating characteristics from multiple dimensions to provide core decision-making basis for the optimization method in this embodiment. The current power of the electrolyzer group and the power range of the electrolyzers directly affect the feasibility of load allocation, ensuring power matching accuracy. The response speed parameter determines the real-time performance of the scheduling strategy, improving the adaptability of the electrochemical hydrogen production device to power fluctuations. Energy efficiency is the ratio of the chemical energy of produced hydrogen to the electrical energy consumed in the hydrogen production process, and current efficiency is the ratio of the amount of charge required to produce hydrogen to the total charge flowing through the electrochemical hydrogen production device during the hydrogen production process. Energy efficiency and current efficiency, as core energy efficiency indicators, are directly related to hydrogen production energy costs; prioritizing high-efficiency cells can reduce operating costs. The number of stage start / stop cycles is the number of times the electrolyzer is started or stopped within a preset time period, and the stage runtime is the cumulative time the electrolyzer is in operation within the preset time period. The number of stage start / stop cycles and the stage runtime quantify equipment wear risk, avoiding lifespan degradation caused by frequent start / stop cycles, and achieving equipment maintenance optimization. The power fluctuation state runtime is the cumulative runtime of the electrolyzer when its power fluctuation exceeds a preset standard deviation threshold within a preset time period. The low power state runtime is the cumulative runtime of the electrolyzer when its operating power is lower than a preset power threshold within a preset time period. The power fluctuation runtime and low power runtime reflect operational stability, and reducing such scenarios can reduce voltage fluctuations and energy losses. The high energy efficiency parameter range is determined based on historical operating data, using an optimization algorithm to rank the efficiency of the electrolyzer in different power ranges, identifying the power range within which the electrolyzer achieves optimal operating efficiency. The high energy efficiency parameter range clearly defines the boundary of the optimal operating state, allowing the scheduling strategy to prioritize the high-efficiency operating range. Finally, through the comprehensive weight calculation of the above parameters, a multi-objective collaborative optimization is achieved, realizing energy efficiency improvement, lifespan extension, and response speed enhancement, solving the problems of extensive scheduling, high energy consumption, and large equipment losses in existing solutions.

[0096] 302. Based on all parameters affecting the operating status of the electrolytic cell and the first weight of each type of parameter given in advance, obtain the priority of each operating scheme.

[0097] It should be noted that the first weight mentioned above can be set according to the importance of the parameters. Parameters of the same importance are assigned weights of the same order of magnitude to reflect equal attention to them. Through the coupled design of weight order of magnitude and parameter importance, the optimization needs of electrochemical hydrogen production devices in different scenarios can be accurately matched, providing flexible and robust decision support for intelligent scheduling.

[0098] More specifically, 301 may include: obtaining a first parameter affecting the priority of the operation scheme based on the voltage equalization constraint strategy and the current power of the electrolytic cell group. The steps for obtaining the first parameter are as follows: for each operation scheme, sort each electrolytic cell group based on the current power of the electrolytic cell group to obtain the first assigned value of the first electrolytic cell in the operation scheme. If the power difference information is negative, the first assigned value of the first electrolytic cell in the electrolytic cell group to which the maximum value in the sort belongs is the largest. If the power difference information is positive, the first assigned value of the first electrolytic cell in the electrolytic cell group to which the minimum value in the sort belongs is the largest. For each operation scheme, based on the power state update of the electrolytic cell group caused by the state switching of the first electrolytic cell in the operation scheme, the first assigned value of the subsequent electrolytic cells in the operation scheme is obtained through iteration. For each operation scheme, the first assigned values ​​of all electrolytic cells in the operation scheme are added together to obtain the first parameter of the operation scheme.

[0099] The voltage balancing constraint strategy achieves balanced power distribution across electrolyzer groups by dynamically controlling the start-up and shutdown sequence. Its core function is to prevent voltage fluctuations caused by overload of a single group, ensuring operational stability and equipment safety. The core principle of this strategy is: when the power difference is positive, priority is given to starting the electrolyzer group with lower power, balancing the load between groups while injecting power; when the power difference is negative, priority is given to stopping the electrolyzer group with higher power, reducing the pressure on the high-load group. Through the iterative logic of "low start, high stop," the voltage deviation of each group is controlled within a reasonable range, avoiding the damage to electrode life caused by voltage imbalance, while simultaneously improving the overall energy efficiency of the electrolyzers (balanced power distribution makes it easier for each electrolyzer group to operate within a high-efficiency parameter range), and reducing energy losses caused by power fluctuations. Compared to the extensive scheduling without integrated voltage constraints in existing solutions, this strategy, through multi-objective collaborative optimization, can reduce voltage fluctuation amplitude and equipment maintenance costs, simultaneously achieving a dual improvement in the reliability and operating efficiency of electrolyzers in electrochemical hydrogen production units.

[0100] To facilitate understanding, the voltage balancing constraint strategy will be further explained using Schemes 2 and 3 of Scenario 2 as examples. Given Schemes 2 (A2, B2) and 3 (C1, A2) for activating the electrolytic cells, when calculating the first parameter of the operating scheme, A2 and C1 are compared first. Since no electrolytic cells in group C are activated, group C should be activated first, so the value assigned to C1 is larger than that of A2. Then, for Scheme 2, assuming A2 is activated, a value is assigned to B2. For Scheme 3, assuming C1 is activated, a value is assigned to A2. The sum of the values ​​of A2 and B2 gives the first parameter of Scheme 1 (A2, B2), and the sum of the values ​​of C1 and A2 gives the first parameter of Scheme 3 (C1, A1).

[0101] 301 may include: obtaining a second parameter affecting the priority of the operation plan based on the load matching constraint strategy during start-up and shutdown and the power range of the electrolyzer. The steps for obtaining the second parameter are as follows: for each operation plan, based on the power range of all electrolyzers in the operation plan, obtain the matching degree between the new power of the operation plan and the power difference information, sort all the matching degrees, and obtain the second parameter of the operation plan. The second parameter of the operation plan with the highest matching degree is the largest.

[0102] The load matching constraint strategy during start-up and shutdown quantifies the degree of matching between the power and range of the operating scheme and the power difference, achieving precise coupling between electrolyzer start-up and shutdown decisions and load demand. Its core function is to avoid energy surplus or deficit during power regulation, thereby improving energy efficiency and resource utilization. The core principle of this strategy is to prioritize schemes that highly match the power regulation amount with the load change amount by calculating the degree of matching between the power and range and the power difference, reducing energy waste caused by power redundancy. At the same time, precise load matching can reduce the need for secondary power regulation in electrochemical hydrogen production units, shorten dispatch response time, and improve the dynamic adaptability of the electrolyzer group to load fluctuations. In addition, this strategy works in conjunction with other strategies to form a multi-objective constraint system, which meets power demand while avoiding equipment damage caused by over-regulation. Compared with the extensive power matching mode in existing schemes, it can reduce hydrogen production energy consumption, reduce power regulation error, and achieve dual optimization of load response efficiency and operating economy.

[0103] To facilitate understanding, we will further explain the load matching constraint strategy during the start-up and shutdown process using Schemes 2 and 3 of Scenario 2 as examples. We have Schemes 2 (A2, B2) and Scheme 3 (C1, A2) for starting the electrolytic cell. Scheme 2 (A2, B2) has a power increase range of 15kW to 30kW. The lower limit of the power increase (15kW) is exactly equal to the power difference of 15kW, and the upper limit (30kW) is only twice the difference, indicating a small power excess and high matching degree. Scheme 3 (C1, A2) has a power increase range of 20kW to 40kW. The lower limit of the power increase (20kW) is 5kW higher than the power difference of 15kW, and the upper limit (40kW) is 2.67 times the difference, indicating a power excess (20kW - 15kW = 5kW). Its matching degree is lower than that of Scheme 2. Therefore, the second parameter of Scheme 2 is greater than the second parameter of Scheme 3.

[0104] 301 may include: optimizing strategies based on load response speed and the response speed of electrolyzers to obtain a third parameter affecting the priority of operating schemes. The steps for obtaining the third parameter are as follows: sorting electrolyzers based on their response speeds to obtain a second value for each electrolyzer, with the electrolyzer having the fastest response speed having the largest second value; for each operating scheme, adding the second values ​​of all electrolyzers in the operating scheme to obtain the third parameter for that operating scheme.

[0105] The load response speed optimization strategy quantifies the response speed of the electrolyzer and incorporates it into the priority calculation to achieve rapid adaptation to power fluctuations. Its core function is to prioritize the selection of electrolyzers with fast response speeds when power adjustment demands occur, so as to shorten the time delay of load adjustment and ensure that the electrochemical hydrogen production unit matches the predicted power demand in real time.

[0106] To facilitate understanding, let's take Scheme 2 of Scenario 2 above as an example to further explain the load response speed optimization strategy. There is Scheme 2 (A2, B2) for starting the electrolytic cell. A2 is in hot standby mode, and B2 is in cold standby mode. The response speed of A2 is faster than that of B2. Assuming the second parameter of A2 is 2 and the second parameter of B2 is 1, then the third parameter of Scheme 2 (A2, B2) is 2 + 1 = 3.

[0107] 301 may include: obtaining a fourth parameter affecting the priority of operation schemes based on power utilization optimization strategies and the energy efficiency of electrolyzers. The steps for obtaining the fourth parameter are as follows: sorting electrolyzers based on their energy efficiency to obtain a third value for each electrolyzer, with the electrolyzer possessing the highest energy efficiency having the largest third value; for each operation scheme, adding the third values ​​of all electrolyzers in that operation scheme to obtain the fourth parameter for that operation scheme.

[0108] The power utilization optimization strategy achieves efficient allocation of power resources by quantifying the energy efficiency of electrolyzers and incorporating it into priority calculations. Its core function is to maximize hydrogen production per unit power and reduce energy costs by prioritizing the use of electrolyzers with high energy efficiency.

[0109] To facilitate understanding, let's take Scheme 2 of Scenario 2 above as an example to further explain the power utilization optimization strategy. In Scheme 2 (A2, B2) where the electrolytic cell is turned on, A2 has an energy efficiency of 85%, and B2 has an energy efficiency of 70%. Since A2's energy efficiency is greater than B2's, and assuming the second parameter of A2 is 5 and the second parameter of B2 is 3, then the third parameter of Scheme 2 (A2, B2) is 5 + 3 = 8.

[0110] Prior to S100, the method includes: obtaining a data model for confirming the start / stop priority of electrolytic cells based on the number of stage start / stop times of each electrolytic cell in each electrolytic cell group during a historical time period, the stage operating time of each electrolytic cell, the current efficiency of each electrolytic cell, the power fluctuation operating time of each electrolytic cell, the low power operating time of each electrolytic cell, the high energy efficiency parameter range of each electrolytic cell, and a pre-given second weight.

[0111] By utilizing historical data from electrolyzer operations, mathematical or data-driven models are established to describe, predict, or optimize the operating status and performance of electrolyzers. These models are then used to achieve more accurate and efficient start-up / shutdown control of the electrolyzers. The historical data is obtained from the data source and stored in a historical database, providing a foundation for subsequent modeling and analysis.

[0112] During the operation of the electrochemical hydrogen production unit, the intelligent control system responsible for the operation management of the electrolyzers automatically completes the collection and screening of electrolyzer operation data, updates the data model regularly, and calculates the start / stop priority of the electrolyzer rotation based on the latest data model, thereby realizing the automation and intelligence of electrolyzer operation management.

[0113] It should be noted that this data model includes a startup data model for determining the startup priority of the electrolytic cell and a shutdown data model for determining the shutdown priority of the electrolytic cell. The startup data model targets electrolytic cells in a stopped operating state (including hot standby and cold standby states), and the number of stage start / stop operations involved is the number of times the electrolytic cell is started within a preset time period (i.e., the number of stage starts). The shutdown data model targets electrolytic cells in a startup operating state, and the number of stage start / stop operations involved is the number of times the electrolytic cell is stopped within a preset time period (i.e., the number of stage stops). Furthermore, the second weights of each parameter are different in the startup data model and the shutdown data model.

[0114] For example, the starting data model can be:

[0115] k1*Number of startups in each stage + k2*Stage duration in each stage + k3*Current efficiency ranking score + k4*Power fluctuation duration during operation + k5*Low power duration during operation + k6*Score for high energy efficiency parameter range, where k1 to k6 are the second weights of the startup data model.

[0116] The current efficiency ranking score is obtained by ranking the current efficiency of all electrolyzers and then calculating the current efficiency ranking score based on the ranking.

[0117] The core logic of high-efficiency parameter range scoring is that the higher the energy efficiency, the higher the priority for startup. This can be achieved by dividing the rated power of the electrolyzer into multiple consecutive power ranges to evaluate the energy efficiency performance of different power segments. For example, an electrolyzer with a rated power of 10kW can be divided into three power ranges: 0kW–5kW, 5kW–8kW, and 8kW–11kW (the last range can slightly exceed the rated power to cover actual operational fluctuations). Based on historical operating data and factory parameters of the electrolyzer, the energy efficiency level of each electrolyzer within each power range is determined. The levels are then assigned scores based on the ranking results. For example, the top 10% (highest energy efficiency) can receive 3 points, the top 10%–30% (medium to high energy efficiency) 2 points, the top 30%–50% (medium energy efficiency) 1 point, and the bottom 50% (lower energy efficiency) receives no points. When electrolytic cell X needs to be started, if its allocated operating power is 6kW (belonging to the 5kW-8kW power range), then according to the energy efficiency ranking within this power range, if electrolytic cell X ranks in the top 10% within this power range, its high energy efficiency parameter score is 3. It should be noted that the allocated operating power for electrolytic cell X refers to the power allocated to the electrolytic cell within its operating scheme, assuming that the scheme is adopted. This allocation can be done using an average method. For example, assuming a power difference of 9kW and an operating scheme including 3 electrolytic cells, then each electrolytic cell in this operating scheme is allocated 3kW of operating power.

[0118] Similarly, the stopping data model can be:

[0119] K7*Number of stage stops + k8*Stage duration of stage + k9*Current efficiency ranking score + k 10 *Power fluctuation runtime + k 11 *Low power operation time +k 12 *Score for high energy efficiency parameter range, k7~k 12 The second weight is used to stop the data model.

[0120] Among them, the current efficiency ranking score is similar to the starting data model.

[0121] In contrast to the start-up priority which follows the principle of "higher energy efficiency, higher priority for start-up," the stop-up priority follows the principle of "lower energy efficiency, higher priority for stop-up." Therefore, for the stop-up data model, the high-efficiency parameter range score is calculated by assigning scores in reverse order of the electrolyzer's energy efficiency ranking within the power range. For example, it could be: 3 points for the bottom 10% (lowest energy efficiency), 2 points for the bottom 10%–30% (low to medium energy efficiency), 1 point for the bottom 30%–50% (medium energy efficiency), and no points for the top 50% (higher energy efficiency). Alternatively, the high-efficiency parameter range score can be disregarded in the stop-up data model, utilizing only the first five parameters to determine the electrolyzer's stop-up priority.

[0122] It should be noted that the second weight in the above data model can be set according to the importance of the parameters. Parameters of the same importance are assigned the same order of magnitude of weight to reflect equal importance to them.

[0123] Accordingly, 301 may further include: obtaining a fifth parameter affecting the priority of the operation scheme based on the number of stage start / stop cycles, the stage operating time, the current efficiency, the power fluctuation operating time, the low-power operating time, the high-efficiency parameter range, and the data model of the electrolyzer. The fifth parameter acquisition step is as follows: for each operation scheme, input the number of stage start / stop cycles, the stage operating time, the current efficiency, the power fluctuation operating time, the low-power operating time, and the high-efficiency parameter range of each electrolyzer in the operation scheme into the data model to obtain a fourth value for each electrolyzer; for each operation scheme, add the fourth values ​​of all electrolyzers in the operation scheme to obtain the fifth parameter of the operation scheme.

[0124] The fifth parameter, derived from the data model, plays a crucial role in constructing a quantitative assessment system for equipment health and historical operating conditions in this embodiment. By integrating multi-dimensional historical data from the electrolyzer and combining it with the second weight to form a data model, long-term operational risks such as equipment lifespan loss and energy efficiency degradation are transformed into quantifiable fourth values. The fifth parameter, generated through accumulation, can balance short-term power matching requirements with the equipment's full lifecycle management goals in the priority ranking of operational plans. It works in conjunction with parameters such as response speed and power utilization to form a multi-objective optimization system. This avoids the problem of excessive equipment wear and tear in pursuit of short-term efficiency, and also allows the optimization strategy to adapt to changes in operating conditions such as equipment aging through dynamic learning of historical data. Ultimately, this improves the systematic nature, robustness, and long-term economic efficiency of the entire optimization method.

[0125] It should be noted that in the priority ranking of the electrolyzer operation scheme of the electrochemical hydrogen production unit, the voltage balance constraint strategy, the start-up and shutdown process load matching constraint strategy, the load response speed optimization strategy, and the power utilization optimization strategy are adopted, and the fifth parameter obtained from the data model is comprehensively evaluated.

[0126] See Figure 2 This embodiment also allows users to freely select and combine the above-mentioned multiple strategies according to actual needs, such as the design requirements for the rotation scheduling of the electrolytic cell system. Customized requirements can also be added in the priority calculation process according to the specific wishes of the customer, so as to realize the personalization and scenario adaptation of the operation scheme selection.

[0127] Based on the diverse operational requirements of electrochemical hydrogen production units, this embodiment designs a multi-objective collaborative electrolyzer rotation strategy. This strategy comprehensively considers several key dimensions: First, by referencing historical operating data of the electrolyzers to determine start / stop priorities, the operating sequence of the equipment is rationally arranged to avoid overuse of some electrolyzers and extend the overall equipment lifespan. Second, by dynamically adjusting the operating parameters of each electrolyzer group, voltage balance between groups is ensured to prevent equipment damage caused by localized overvoltage or undervoltage. Simultaneously, based on real-time load demand and predicted power curves, the start / stop combinations of the electrolyzers are precisely matched to optimize energy utilization efficiency. Furthermore, by combining the start / stop response time of the electrolyzers, start / stop timing is planned to quickly respond to grid dispatch or changes in hydrogen demand. Through the synergy of this multi-dimensional strategy, a comprehensive improvement in equipment stability, reliability, and energy economy is achieved.

[0128] See Figure 2 The operating plan can be reversed and iterated between steps S300 and S400, which can predict possible problems before the electrolytic cell start / stop operation is actually performed.

[0129] This embodiment further includes the following after step S300:

[0130] S400: Based on the highest priority operation plan in the selected priority ranking and the response time of all electrolytic cells in that operation plan, obtain the electrolytic cell start-up and shutdown time schedule.

[0131] The S400 includes:

[0132] 401. Perform a conflict pre-check on the electrolyzer in the operation plan to determine whether the action to switch the electrolyzer to a stop operation state or to a start operation state in the operation plan conflicts with the predicted power demand of the electrochemical hydrogen production unit at the next three time points. If so, cancel the state switching action of the electrolyzer in the operation plan.

[0133] The above steps aim to achieve precise scheduling and stable operation of the electrochemical hydrogen production unit by constructing an electrolyzer start-up and shutdown schedule and combining it with a conflict pre-detection mechanism. Its core function is to assess the matching between start-up / shutdown actions and power demand by predicting power demand at three future points in time, based on the highest priority operating scheme and electrolyzer response time. This avoids frequent start-ups and shutdowns caused by power mismatch, thereby ensuring stable power output. This effectively reduces the frequency of electrolyzer start-ups and shutdowns, extends equipment lifespan, lowers maintenance costs, and avoids energy waste caused by frequent start-ups and shutdowns, improving overall energy efficiency. Furthermore, by predicting and avoiding conflicts in advance, the electrochemical hydrogen production unit's adaptability to power fluctuations is enhanced, improving the reliability and stability of the hydrogen production unit's operation and ensuring efficient coordination with the power grid or hydrogen energy demand.

[0134] It should be noted that, as mentioned above, the predicted power of the electrochemical hydrogen production unit at the next three time points can also be obtained from the total power prediction curve of the electrolyzer over the next 24 hours.

[0135] To facilitate understanding, step 401 above will be further explained using Scheme 2 of Scenario 2 as an example. In Scheme 2 (A2, B2) for starting the electrolytic cell, the total power range after adding A2 and B2 is 30kW to 60kW. Assuming the predicted power for the next three moments is 45kW, 35kW, and 25kW respectively, since 25kW is not within the 30kW to 60kW range, and the predicted power demand of adding A2 and B2 conflicts with the 25kW predicted power requirement, the state switching action of the electrolytic cell in this operating scheme is cancelled.

[0136] 402. If not, perform the following steps: if the number of electrolytic cells in the operation plan is 1, then the time when the action command of the electrolytic cell is issued is the difference between the time point corresponding to the next time and the response time of the electrolytic cell.

[0137] To facilitate understanding, let's take Scheme 1 of Scenario 2 above as an example to further explain the case where the number of electrolytic cells in the operation scheme 402 is 1. The existing scheme 1 (C2) for starting the electrolytic cell has a total power range of 30kW to 60kW after adding C2. Assuming the response time of C2 is 3 minutes, the next time point corresponds to 10:00 AM, and the predicted power for the next three time points is 45kW, 35kW, and 50kW respectively, a conflict pre-check is performed on the action to start C2. Since all the predicted power values ​​are within the range of 30kW to 60kW, there is no conflict between adding C2 and the predicted power requirements for the next three time points, so 402 is executed. Because the number of electrolytic cells in this operation scheme is 1 (C2 only), the time when the action command is issued is the difference between the next time point and the response time of the electrolytic cell, i.e., 10:00 AM minus 3 minutes equals 9:57 AM. Therefore, the command to start C2 should be issued at 9:57 AM so that it completes startup at 10:00 AM.

[0138] If the number of electrolytic cells in the operation plan is ≥2, the action command issuance time of each electrolytic cell is calculated based on the difference between the time point corresponding to the next moment and the response time of each electrolytic cell in the operation plan. The action command issuance times of any two electrolytic cells are compared. If the difference between the two action command issuance times is less than the preset time threshold, the action command issuance time of the electrolytic cell that performed the previous action in the operation plan is adjusted to the action command issuance time of the electrolytic cell that performed the subsequent action in the operation plan minus the preset time threshold and the response time of the electrolytic cell that performed the previous action.

[0139] Specifically, if the power difference is negative, the action command issuance time of each electrolytic cell is calculated backward based on the time point corresponding to the next moment and the stop response time of each electrolytic cell, so that the stop completion time of the last stopped electrolytic cell matches the next moment. The action command issuance times of any two electrolytic cells are compared. If the difference is less than the preset time threshold, the command issuance time of the previously stopped electrolytic cell is adjusted to the command issuance time of the subsequently stopped electrolytic cell minus the preset time threshold and the response time of the previously stopped electrolytic cell.

[0140] If the power difference is positive, the action command issuance time of each electrolytic cell is calculated backward based on the time point corresponding to the next moment and the start-up response time of each electrolytic cell, so that the start-up completion time of the last electrolytic cell is matched with the next moment. The action command issuance times of any two electrolytic cells are compared. If the difference is less than the preset time threshold, the command issuance time of the previously started electrolytic cell is adjusted to the command issuance time of the subsequently started electrolytic cell minus the preset time threshold and the response time of the previously started electrolytic cell.

[0141] To facilitate understanding, let's take Scheme 4 of Scenario 2 above as an example to further explain the case where the number of electrolytic cells in the operation scheme of step 402 is ≥2. In the existing Scheme 4 (C2, A2) for starting electrolytic cells, the total power range after adding C2 and A2 is 35kW~70kW. Assuming the response time of C2 is 3 minutes, the response time of A2 is 2 minutes, the preset time threshold is 2 minutes, the next moment corresponds to 10:00 AM, and the predicted power for the next three moments is 45kW, 35kW, and 50kW respectively. A conflict pre-check is performed on the actions of starting C2 and A2. Since the predicted power is all within the range of 35kW~70kW, there is no conflict between the actions of adding C2 and A2 and the predicted power requirements for the next three moments, so 402 is executed. Because the number of electrolytic cells in this operation scheme is 1 (C2 only), the time when the action command is issued is the difference between the next moment's corresponding time and the response time of that electrolytic cell, i.e., 10:00 AM minus 3 minutes equals 9:57 AM. Therefore, the command to start C2 should be issued at 9:57, so that it can complete the startup at 10:00.

[0142] Step 402 differentiates between single-cell and multi-cell scenarios by performing differentiated calculations and adjustments on the timing of electrolyzer action commands. Its core function is to ensure a reasonable interval between electrolyzer start-up and shutdown actions. In a single-cell scenario, the calculation of "next moment - response time" precisely controls the matching of start-up / shutdown actions with power demand timing. In a multi-cell scenario, when the difference in the timing of action commands is found to be less than a preset time threshold, the timing of the command issued by the preceding electrolyzer is adjusted backwards, forcibly widening the action interval. This effectively avoids sudden power fluctuations caused by multiple electrolyzers starting or stopping simultaneously, reduces the risk of voltage fluctuations, minimizes equipment losses due to current superposition, and extends the electrolyzer's lifespan. Simultaneously, it makes electrolyzer start-up and shutdown more aligned with predicted power demand, improving power matching accuracy, enhancing operational stability and reliability, and ensuring the safe, efficient, and orderly operation of the electrochemical hydrogen production unit.

[0143] See Figure 2 After formulating the electrolytic cell start-up and shutdown plan, the start / stop countdown timer for the electrolytic cell can be output.

[0144] When formulating the start-up and shutdown plan for the electrolytic cell, this embodiment refines the time control strategy and comprehensively considers various key factors, such as the start / stop time of the electrolytic cell in cold / hot standby states, the power during the start / stop process, and the number of start / stop cycles. By designing the start-up and shutdown plan for the electrolytic cell and dynamically adjusting the start-up and shutdown sequence, the power surge or drop caused by the simultaneous start-up and shutdown of multiple devices can be avoided, ensuring stable operation. Through multi-factor collaborative optimization, the start-up and shutdown plan for the electrolytic cell is refined, improving operating efficiency and equipment lifespan.

[0145] This embodiment integrates historical data analysis and real-time prediction results with control execution logic to achieve optimized rotation of electrolyzers in an electrochemical hydrogen production unit. This embodiment can scientifically sequence equipment start-up and shutdown, enabling rapid response to load fluctuations in the energy system. Simultaneously, by balancing the electrolyzer's lifespan and energy efficiency, it avoids overuse of some equipment, achieving efficient resource utilization. Ultimately, relying on a closed-loop process from data acquisition and analysis to decision-making and command execution, it completes intelligent scheduling of the electrolyzers, effectively improving overall operational efficiency and stability.

[0146] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0147] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, as well as combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions.

[0148] It should be noted that any reference numerals placed between parentheses in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of components or steps not listed in the claims. The word "a" or "an" preceding a component does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such components. The invention can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several different components and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In claims that enumerate several means, several of these means may be embodied by the same hardware. The use of the terms first, second, third, etc., is merely for convenience of expression and does not indicate any order. These terms can be understood as part of the component names.

[0149] Furthermore, it should be noted that in the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0150] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the claims should be interpreted to include both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0151] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, then this invention should also include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the operation of an electrolyzer in an electrochemical hydrogen production unit, characterized in that, include: S100. Based on the current operating power of the electrochemical hydrogen production device and the predicted power of the electrochemical hydrogen production device at the next moment, obtain the power difference information. S200. Based on the power difference information, obtain a set of all operating schemes that satisfy the predicted power at the next moment. If the power difference information is negative, the set of operating schemes includes: a combination of electrolytic cell identifiers for each operating scheme that satisfies the power difference information and is to be switched to a stop operating state; if the power difference information is positive, the set of operating schemes includes: a combination of electrolytic cell identifiers for each operating scheme that satisfies the power difference information and is to be switched to a start operating state. S300. Based on the historical data of each electrolytic cell in the set of operating schemes, and the historical data of the electrolytic cell group to which the electrolytic cell belongs, and the first weight of various parameters in the pre-given historical data, obtain the priority of each operating scheme and sort them, and select the electrolytic cell identifier in the operating scheme with the highest priority in the priority sort as the electrolytic cell to be optimized for operation in the next moment. The historical data refers to data from the current moment up to N days ago, where N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process preceding S100 also includes: Determine whether the predicted power of the electrochemical hydrogen production unit at the next moment is within the total power range of all electrolyzers currently in operation. If not, execute S200; if so, adjust the operating power of the electrolyzers in the current operating state to optimize the operation of the electrolyzers.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The S300 includes:

301. Based on the historical data of each electrolytic cell in the set of operating schemes, and the historical data of the electrolytic cell group to which the electrolytic cell belongs, obtain all parameters that affect the operating status of the electrolytic cell; All parameters include one or more of the following: The current power of the electrolytic cell group, the power range of the electrolytic cell, the response speed of the electrolytic cell, the energy efficiency of the electrolytic cell, the number of stage start / stop times of the electrolytic cell, the stage running time of the electrolytic cell, the current efficiency of the electrolytic cell, the running time of the electrolytic cell with power fluctuation, the running time of the electrolytic cell with low power, and the high energy efficiency parameter range of the electrolytic cell.

302. Based on all parameters affecting the operating status of the electrolytic cell and the first weight of each type of parameter given in advance, obtain the priority of each operating scheme.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The 301 includes: Based on the voltage balancing constraint strategy and the current power of the electrolytic cell group, the first parameter affecting the priority of the operation plan is obtained. Specifically, For each operating scheme, each electrolytic cell group is sorted based on the current power of the electrolytic cell group to obtain the first value of the first electrolytic cell in the operating scheme. If the power difference information is negative, the first value of the first electrolytic cell in the electrolytic cell group to which the maximum value in the sort belongs is the largest. If the power difference information is positive, the first value of the first electrolytic cell in the electrolytic cell group to which the minimum value in the sort belongs is the largest. For each operating scheme, based on the power state update of the electrolytic cell group caused by the state switching of the first electrolytic cell in that operating scheme, the first assignment of the subsequent electrolytic cells in that operating scheme is obtained through iteration; For each operating scheme, the first assignment of all electrolytic cells in the operating scheme is added together to obtain the first parameter of the operating scheme.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The 301 includes: Based on the load matching constraint strategy during start-up and shutdown and the power range of the electrolyzer, a second parameter affecting the priority of the operation plan is obtained. Specifically, For each operating scheme, based on the power range of all electrolytic cells in that operating scheme, the matching degree between the new power range of that operating scheme and the power difference in the power difference information is obtained. All matching degrees are sorted to obtain the second parameter of that operating scheme. The second parameter of the operating scheme with the highest matching degree is the largest.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The 301 includes: Based on the load response speed optimization strategy and the response speed of the electrolyzer, a third parameter affecting the priority of the operation plan is obtained. Specifically, Electrolytes are sorted based on their response speed to obtain a second value. The electrolytes with the fastest response speed have the largest second value. For each operating scheme, the second values ​​of all electrolytes in the operating scheme are added together to obtain the third parameter of that operating scheme.

7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The 301 includes: Based on power utilization optimization strategies and the energy efficiency of electrolyzers, a fourth parameter affecting the priority of operation schemes is obtained. Specifically, Electrolyzers are ranked based on their energy efficiency to obtain a third value. The electrolyzer with the highest energy efficiency has the largest third value. For each operating scheme, the third values ​​of all electrolyzers in the operating scheme are added together to obtain the fourth parameter of that operating scheme.

8. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Prior to step S100, the method includes: Based on the number of start / stop cycles, the duration of each cycle, the current efficiency, the duration of power fluctuations, the duration of low-power operation, the range of high-efficiency parameters, and a pre-defined second weight, a data model is obtained to determine the start / stop priority of the electrolyzers. Accordingly, 301 further includes: Based on the number of stage start / stop cycles of the electrolyzer, the stage running time of the electrolyzer, the current efficiency of the electrolyzer, the power fluctuation running time of the electrolyzer, the low power running time of the electrolyzer, the high energy efficiency parameter range of the electrolyzer, and the data model, the fifth parameter affecting the priority of the operation scheme is obtained. Specifically, For each operating scheme, the number of stage start / stop times, stage operating time, current efficiency, power fluctuation operating time, low power operating time, and high energy efficiency parameter range of each electrolyzer in the operating scheme are input into the data model to obtain the fourth value for each electrolyzer. For each operating scheme, the fourth assignment of all electrolytic cells in the operating scheme is added together to obtain the fifth parameter of the operating scheme.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Also includes: S400: Based on the highest priority operation plan in the selected priority ranking and the response time of all electrolytic cells in that operation plan, obtain the electrolytic cell start-up and shutdown time schedule.

10. The method according to any one of claims 9, characterized in that, The S400 includes:

401. Perform a conflict pre-check on the electrolyzer in the operation plan to determine whether the action to switch the electrolyzer to the stop operation state or the action to switch the electrolyzer to the start operation state in the operation plan conflicts with the predicted power demand of the electrochemical hydrogen production unit at the next three time points. If so, cancel the state switching action of the electrolyzer in the operation plan.

402. If not, proceed with the following steps: If the number of electrolytic cells in the operation plan is 1, then the time when the action command of the electrolytic cell is issued is the difference between the time point corresponding to the next moment and the response time of the electrolytic cell. If the number of electrolytic cells in the operation plan is ≥2, then the action command issuance time of each electrolytic cell is calculated based on the difference between the time point corresponding to the next moment and the response time of each electrolytic cell in the operation plan. The action command issuance times of any two electrolytic cells are compared. If the difference between the two action command issuance times is less than a preset duration threshold, then the action command issuance time of the electrolytic cell that performed the previous action in the operation plan is adjusted to the action command issuance time of the electrolytic cell that performed the subsequent action in the operation plan minus the preset duration threshold and the response time of the electrolytic cell that performed the previous action. Specifically, If the power difference is negative, the action command issuance time of each electrolytic cell is calculated backward based on the time point corresponding to the next moment and the stop response time of each electrolytic cell, so that the stop completion time of the last stopped electrolytic cell matches the next moment. The action command issuance times of any two electrolytic cells are compared. If the difference is less than the preset time threshold, the command issuance time of the previously stopped electrolytic cell is adjusted to the command issuance time of the subsequently stopped electrolytic cell minus the preset time threshold and the response time of the previously stopped electrolytic cell. If the power difference is positive, the action command issuance time of each electrolytic cell is calculated backward based on the time point corresponding to the next moment and the start-up response time of each electrolytic cell, so that the start-up completion time of the last electrolytic cell is matched with the next moment. The action command issuance times of any two electrolytic cells are compared. If the difference is less than the preset time threshold, the command issuance time of the previously started electrolytic cell is adjusted to the command issuance time of the subsequently started electrolytic cell minus the preset time threshold and the response time of the previously started electrolytic cell.

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