Self-heat-preservation building block and method for building wall by using self-heat-preservation building block

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-heat-preservation building block and a method for building a wall by using the self-heat-preservation building block, a tie bar groove and a mortise and tenon joint structure are arranged on a building block main body in a penetrating manner, and a main tie bar in the building wall can be limited and accommodated through the tie bar groove, so that the tie bar can be arranged in a limiting and penetrating manner conveniently; and the building block can be in embedded connection with the adjacent building block main body through the tenon-and-mortise connection structure. A plurality of parallel tie bar grooves are formed in the building block main body, the sections of the tie bar grooves are V-shaped or rectangular, and the depths of the tie bar grooves are greater than the diameters of main tie bars. The tenon-and-mortise structure comprises a convex mortise and a concave tenon which are located at the two ends of the building block respectively, and the adjacent building block bodies are matched, embedded and clamped through the convex mortise and the concave tenon to form wedge-shaped limiting. The building block main body adopts a porous structure formed by compression molding of ceramsite and a foamed concrete composite material, has self-insulation performance, can improve the stable and reliable performance of a building wall, is convenient to construct and operate, enhances the connection stability between the building blocks, and improves the overall strength of the wall.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of self-insulating wall block processing, specifically relating to a self-insulating block and a method for constructing walls using the self-insulating block. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional building blocks often require an additional insulation layer during construction, increasing construction complexity and cost. While some existing blocks possess insulation properties, their structural strength is insufficient or their connection stability is poor. Furthermore, construction is cumbersome and labor-intensive. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a building block that combines self-insulating properties, convenient construction, high connection strength, and reliable stability, along with a method for constructing walls using these self-insulating blocks. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the existing technology, the present invention aims to provide a self-insulating block and a method for building a wall using the self-insulating block. The self-insulating block has self-insulating properties, which can improve the stability and reliability of building walls, facilitate construction, enhance the connection stability between blocks, and improve the overall strength of the wall. The method can eliminate the need for additional processing of tie bar holes during construction, simplify the construction process, and reduce labor costs.

[0004] The first technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: A self-insulating block is provided, comprising a block body, wherein the block body is provided with a tenon and mortise connection structure and a tie bar groove; The tie bar groove is used to limit and accommodate the main tie bar inside the building wall; The main body of the block can be connected to the adjacent main body of the block through the mortise and tenon connection structure. The main body of the block has a porous structure.

[0005] Furthermore, the upper surface of the block body is provided with at least two parallel tie bar grooves; each tie bar groove extends from one end of the block body to the other end; the cross-section of each tie bar groove is V-shaped or rectangular, and the depth of each tie bar groove is greater than the diameter of the tie bar.

[0006] Furthermore, the mortise and tenon connection structure includes a protruding mortise and a recessed tenon, which are respectively disposed on the two end faces of the block body; the protruding mortise is a trapezoidal boss structure protruding outward from one end face of the insulation block body, and the recessed tenon is a trapezoidal groove structure recessed inward from the other end face of the insulation block body. The protruding mortise and the recessed tenon are in clearance fit, so that each block body can be fitted into the recessed tenon of the adjacent block body through the protruding mortise, forming a wedge-shaped limiting structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the main body of the block is an integral structure with several pores, formed in one step by a molding process from composite materials.

[0008] Furthermore, the main body of the block is an integral structure with several pores, formed in one step by a molding process from a composite material containing ceramsite and foamed concrete.

[0009] The second technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: A method for constructing walls using self-insulating blocks is provided, comprising the following steps based on the aforementioned self-insulating block: S1, Base treatment; S2. Prepare mortar; S3. Starting from the base at the top of the building foundation, construct the first layer of blocks: Apply mortar to the base surface; Place the first block body along the baseline on the base surface; Apply mortar to the end face of the first block body, then place the second block body on the base surface, and connect it to the first block body by interlocking the mortar and tenon, and press the second block body to fill the gap between the mortar and tenon, forming a wedge-shaped limiting fit. Then, the third block is connected to the second block by interlocking the mortise and tenon, and the third block is pressed to fill the gap between the mortise and tenon with mortar, forming a wedge-shaped limiting fit. This process continues until the first layer of blocks is completed; S4. Laying the first layer of main tie bars: Laying the first layer of main tie bars in the tie bar grooves of the first layer of masonry blocks. Each main tie bar passes through the tie bar grooves at the corresponding positions on all the main blocks of the first layer of masonry blocks. Both ends of each main tie bar extend to the outer sides of both ends of the wall and are bent and anchored to the steel cage of the structural columns at both ends of the wall. S5. Gap filling: Fill all gaps between adjacent blocks and between main tie bars and tie bar grooves with mortar, and smooth and compact it until the mortar is dense and flush with the surface of the block. S6. Repeat steps S3-S5 until the wall height meets the design requirements.

[0010] Furthermore, step S4 also includes the following: If there are adjacent walls that are perpendicular to each other, a first auxiliary tie bar is anchored to the main tie bar of at least one block layer, and the first auxiliary tie bar is perpendicular to the main tie bar.

[0011] Furthermore, step S4 also includes the following: If there are adjacent walls that are inclined to each other, a second auxiliary tie bar is anchored to the main tie bar of at least one block layer, and the second auxiliary tie bar is inclined to the main tie bar.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S6, the tenon and mortise connections of two adjacent layers of blocks are staggered.

[0013] Finally, in step S6, the distance between the mortise and tenon joints of two adjacent masonry blocks is not less than one-third of the length of the main body of the masonry block.

[0014] In summary, due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: A self-insulating block and a method for constructing walls using the self-insulating block are disclosed. The block body features a through-hole groove for tie bars and a tenon-and-mortise connection structure. The tie bar groove can accommodate tie bars within the building wall, facilitating the through-hole installation of tie bars. The block body can be interlocked with adjacent blocks via the tenon-and-mortise connection structure. Furthermore, the block body employs a porous structure, giving it self-insulating properties, improving the stability and reliability of the building wall, facilitating construction, enhancing the connection stability between blocks, and increasing the overall strength of the wall. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the self-insulating block according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figures 2-4 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the self-insulating block according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the method of building a wall using self-insulating blocks in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, in which self-insulating blocks are combined to form a building wall and main tie bars are laid. Figures 6-7 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the method of building a wall using self-insulating blocks in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, in which self-insulating blocks are combined to form a building wall and main tie bars are laid. Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the method of building a wall using self-insulating blocks in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, in which self-insulating blocks are combined to form a building wall and main tie bars are laid and fixedly connected to the column reinforcement bars of the structural columns. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the method of building a wall using self-insulating blocks in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, in which the self-insulating blocks are combined to form a building wall and the main tie bars are laid and fixedly connected to the column reinforcement of the structural column. Figures 10-11This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the method for constructing a wall using self-insulating blocks in Embodiment 3 of the present invention, in which the first auxiliary tie bar is connected to the tie bar of the adjacent wall that is perpendicular to each other for fixed connection. Figures 12-13 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the method for constructing a wall using self-insulating blocks in Embodiment 4 of the present invention, in which a second auxiliary tie bar is connected to a tie bar of an adjacent wall with an angle of inclination. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the self-insulating block according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention; In the diagram: 1-Main block; 2-Tenon and tenon joint connection structure; 3-Tie bar groove; 4-Tie bar; 5-Structural column; 21-Protruding tenon; 22-Concave tenon; 41-First auxiliary tie bar; 42-Second auxiliary tie bar. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] It should be noted that when a component is described as "fixed to" another component, it can be directly on the other component or may have a centered component. When a component is considered "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or may have a centered component. When a component is considered "set on" another component, it can be directly set on the other component or may have a centered component. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.

[0018] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0019] In order to provide such Figures 1-14 The invention concept and technical solution of the self-insulating block and the method of building a wall using the self-insulating block are as follows: The first technical solution first conceives and designs a self-insulating block body 1, specifically setting tie bar grooves 3 and tenon-and-mortise connection structures 2 on the block body 1; such as Figure 1As shown, the tie bar groove 3 can limit and accommodate the main tie bar 4 in the building wall, which facilitates the limit and through installation of tie bars; each block body 1 can be connected to the adjacent block body through the tenon and mortise connection structure 2, which is convenient for construction; and the block body adopts a porous structure, which gives the block body self-insulating performance, which can improve the stability and reliability of the building wall, facilitate construction, enhance the connection stability between blocks, and improve the overall strength of the wall.

[0020] Each tie bar groove 3 penetrates the main block 1, so that the main tie bars 4 arranged horizontally within the building wall can be connected through to, for example, Figure 4 On the column reinforcement bars on both sides of the wall shown, a limiting structure is provided for the main tie bar 4, that is, the tie bar groove 3 is used to limit and accommodate the main tie bar 4 in the building wall; each block body 1 can be connected to the adjacent block body 1 through the mortise and tenon connection structure 2. Furthermore, the block body 1 is made of a mixture of expanded clay aggregate and foamed concrete, and has a porous structure inside that meets the requirements of thermal insulation performance, so that the block body has self-insulating performance.

[0021] This invention provides a self-insulating block. When using this self-insulating block to construct building walls during construction, as shown in the example... Figures 1-14 As shown, several block bodies 1 of each floor of the building wall are connected end to end by mortise and tenon joint structure 2. The tie bar grooves 3 at corresponding positions of the block bodies 1 are also connected end to end to form an integral groove structure that runs through all the block bodies. Each integral groove structure can accommodate a main tie bar. The two ends of each main tie bar extend to the outer sides of the two ends of the block body of the floor, so that the two ends of the main tie bar can be fixedly connected to the column reinforcement in the columns at both ends of the building wall. All gaps between each block body and its adjacent block bodies above, below, left and right, as well as between the main tie bar and the tie bar groove, are filled with building mortar. After the mortar is filled and solidified, a tight connection is achieved between the block bodies 1 and the main tie bar 4 and the block body 1. After the solidification of several layers of interconnected blocks, the main body 1 forms the overall building wall structure. The overall building wall is fixedly connected to the columns at both ends or to another wall perpendicular to it through embedded tie bars, which can improve the stability and reliability of the building wall, facilitate construction, enhance the connection stability between blocks, and improve the overall strength of the wall.

[0022] Specifically, one or more parallel tie bar grooves 3 are provided on the main block 1. Each tie bar groove 3 penetrates the main block 1. Multiple parallel tie bar grooves can simultaneously accommodate multiple main tie bars. Both ends of each main tie bar are fixedly connected to the column reinforcement in the structural columns at both ends of the building wall. Multiple main tie bars further increase the bonding strength and stability between the building wall and columns, and between walls themselves. More specifically, the main block 1 adopts a conventional rectangular block structure, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the grooves are evenly distributed and run through the main body of the block along the length direction, which facilitates the continuous laying of the transverse main tie bars 4 through all the main bodies of the block. This through-type design can reduce the lap joints of the tie bars and improve the shear resistance of the wall, which is especially suitable for high earthquake fortification areas.

[0023] Furthermore, at least two parallel tie bar grooves 3 are provided on the upper surface of the block body 1. Each tie bar groove 3 extends from one end of the block body 1 to the other end. Each main tie bar 4 extends from one end of the block body 1 to the other end, and both ends of each main tie bar 4 extend to the outer sides of both ends of the block body 1 to connect to the column reinforcement of the structural columns at both ends of the wall. The cross-section of each tie bar groove 1 is V-shaped or rectangular. More specifically, the spacing of the tie bar grooves 3 is usually set to no more than half the width of the block body 1. V-shaped grooves are suitable for thin steel bars with a diameter of no more than 10 mm, which reduces the amount of mortar used and lowers the cost through the arc surface. Rectangular grooves are suitable for thick steel bars with a diameter of 10 mm or more, which provide stronger anchoring force through the right angle sides. The depth of each tie bar groove 3 is set to be greater than or equal to the diameter of the main tie bar 4. This ensures that the tie bars can be reliably accommodated and embedded in the tie bar grooves of the block body, preventing the tie bars from protruding outside the tie bar grooves and affecting the connection strength and construction process between the lower and upper block bodies. More specifically, the tie bar grooves 3 are designed to ensure that the embedding depth of the main tie bar 4 is greater than or equal to the diameter of the main tie bar 4. This ensures that the mortar can completely bury the steel bars when filling the grooves, and that the tie bars can be fully embedded in the tie bar grooves in the diameter direction after the mortar has solidified. This prevents the main tie bars 4 from being exposed and corroding. During construction, the mortar must fill all the tie bar grooves 3, and after smoothing, a transition surface flush with the surface of the block body 1 is formed. All joints (main tie bar 4 and tie bar groove 3, between block body 1 and block body 1, between mortise and tenon connection structures 2 and on the vertical surface, horizontal surface of block body 1, etc.) must be filled with mortar to form a continuous integral structure and achieve an airtight effect.

[0024] Specifically, the mortise and tenon connection structure 2 is equipped with a protruding mortise 21 and a concave tenon 22 that can interlock and engage with each other, thereby achieving a mechanical interlocking connection between adjacent blocks, such as... Figure 7As shown in the front view, the mortise 21 and tenon 22 are respectively provided on the two end faces of the main body of the block. The mortise 21 and tenon 22 are symmetrically distributed to form a self-locking limit.

[0025] Furthermore, the mortise 21 is a trapezoidal boss structure protruding outward from one end face of the block body 1, and the tenon 22 is a trapezoidal groove structure recessed inward from the other end face of the block body 1. The mortise 21 and the tenon 22 are in a clearance fit, allowing each block body to fit into the tenon of the adjacent block body through the mortise, forming a wedge-shaped limiting structure. More specifically, as... Figures 6-9 As shown, the mortise 21 is a trapezoidal boss structure, and the tenon 22 is a corresponding trapezoidal groove. Based on the geometric configuration and mechanical properties of the tenon structure, after being filled with mortar, the two generate a slope self-locking reaction through the unique trapezoidal structure, forming a continuous shear-resistant surface, which improves the shear resistance of the joint. At the same time, the interlocking depth of the mortise and tenon is greater than or equal to one-quarter of the block length, preventing the block from sliding horizontally under load and affecting the stability of the building.

[0026] Furthermore, the ratio of the height to the width of the main block 1 is set to the golden ratio, thus meeting the aesthetic requirements of the building's appearance. More specifically, during the construction process, blocks with the golden ratio can reduce cutting losses, ensure uniform joint distribution after mortar injection, improve aesthetics, and reduce the risk of thermal bridging. In addition, the optimization of geometric proportions enhances the compressive strength of the blocks.

[0027] The main block 1 is an integral structure with several pores, formed in one piece by a compression molding process from composite materials. More specifically, the compression molding process ensures the dimensional accuracy of the mortise and tenon fixing connection structure 2 and the tie bar groove 3. The composite material uses a mixture of expanded clay aggregate and foamed concrete. The expanded clay aggregate and foamed concrete provide the main block 1 with lightweight and thermal insulation properties, while the foamed concrete enhances the compressive strength and structural stability of the main block 1. The use of the mixture of expanded clay aggregate and foamed concrete improves the material recyclability, meeting green building evaluation standards.

[0028] The second technical solution of the present invention provides a method for constructing walls using self-insulating blocks, which includes the following steps based on the aforementioned self-insulating blocks: S1, Base treatment; S2. Prepare mortar; S3. Starting from the base at the top of the building foundation, construct the first layer of blocks: Apply mortar to the base surface; Place the first block body along the baseline on the base surface; Apply mortar to the end face of the first block body, then place the second block body on the base surface, and connect it to the first block body by interlocking the mortar and tenon, and press the second block body to fill the gap between the mortar and tenon, forming a wedge-shaped limiting fit. Then, the third block is connected to the second block by interlocking the mortise and tenon, and the third block is pressed to fill the gap between the mortise and tenon with mortar, forming a wedge-shaped limiting fit. This process continues until the first layer of blocks is completed; S4. Laying the first layer of main tie bars: Laying the first layer of main tie bars in the tie bar grooves of the first layer of masonry blocks. Each main tie bar passes through the tie bar grooves at the corresponding positions on all the main blocks of the first layer of masonry blocks. Both ends of each main tie bar extend to the outer sides of both ends of the wall and are bent and anchored to the steel cage of the structural columns at both ends of the wall. S5. Gap filling: Fill all gaps between adjacent blocks and between main tie bars and tie bar grooves with mortar, and smooth and compact it until the mortar is dense and flush with the surface of the block. S6. Repeat steps S3-S5 until the wall height meets the design requirements.

[0029] Furthermore, step S4 also includes the following: If there are adjacent walls that are perpendicular to each other, a first auxiliary tie bar 41 is anchored to the main tie bar of at least one layer of masonry blocks. The first auxiliary tie bar 41 is perpendicular to the main tie bar 4 and can be fixedly connected to the main tie bar of another adjacent wall that is perpendicular to each other through the first auxiliary tie bar 41, thereby improving the stability between adjacent walls that are perpendicular to each other.

[0030] Furthermore, step S4 also includes the following: If there are adjacent walls that are inclined to each other, a second auxiliary tie bar 42 is anchored to the main tie bar of at least one layer of masonry blocks. The second auxiliary tie bar 42 is inclined to the main tie bar 4. The first auxiliary tie bar 41 can be fixedly connected to the main tie bar of another adjacent wall that is inclined to each other, thereby improving the stability between the adjacent walls that are inclined to each other.

[0031] Furthermore, in step S6, the tenon and mortise joints of two adjacent masonry blocks are staggered to avoid vertical through joints, thereby improving strength and enhancing the aesthetic appearance of the building wall.

[0032] Finally, in step S6, the distance between the mortise and tenon joints of two adjacent masonry blocks is not less than one-third of the length of the main body of the block, resulting in a reasonable and aesthetically pleasing layout.

[0033] Example 1: like Figures 1-4 As shown, in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, a self-insulating block is implemented according to the first technical solution of the planned concept. The main body 1 of the self-insulating block adopts a standardized size design, specifically with a length of 600mm, a width of 300mm, and a height dimension that adopts the golden ratio of the width dimension.

[0034] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the height range in Embodiment 1 is 185–195 mm; when the height is 185 mm, the height-to-width ratio is 0.616; when the height is 195 mm, the height-to-width ratio is 0.65, both close to the golden ratio of 0.618. Since the height of 185.4 mm, which forms a golden ratio with a width of 300 mm, is impractical, a height of 185 mm is preferred. To further improve the mechanical strength of the blocks, a height of 195 mm can also be used to optimize construction efficiency and reduce the risk of thermal bridging. Trapezoidal mortises 21 and tenons 22 are respectively provided in the middle of both ends of the blocks. The mortises 21 have an outward thickness of 20 mm, and the tenons 22 have an inward depth of 25 mm. The interlocking surface slope is 1:8, forming a wedge-shaped limiting structure to ensure improved horizontal anti-slip capability after adjacent blocks are interlocked. Two parallel tie bar grooves 3 are provided along the length of the upper surface of the block body 1. The distance between the two tie bar grooves is 100mm. The cross-section of the tie bar groove is V-shaped, with a groove width of 15mm and a depth of 25mm. It runs through both ends of the block body 1 and can accommodate tie bars 4 with a diameter not exceeding 12mm. A mortar protective layer of more than 10mm is reserved. The bottom of the tie bar groove 3 is 80mm away from the bottom surface of the block, which facilitates the anchoring of the tie bars 4 into the structural column, either parallel or bent at 135°.

[0035] Two tie bar grooves 3 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the mortise 21 and tenon 22. The tie bar grooves and the tenon-tenon connection structure do not interfere with each other in spatial position, making it convenient to install the main tie bar through without affecting the connection strength between blocks. The symmetrical arrangement of the tie bar grooves ensures that the blocks and tie bars are subjected to balanced forces, making them stable and reliable. A 3mm gap is reserved at the interlocking point of the mortise 21 and tenon 22 on the side of the block. During construction, the gap is filled with mortar, and the joint thickness is controlled within the range of 8~12mm, achieving a dual connection of mechanical interlocking and mortar bonding. The overall structure is formed in one piece using a molding process, ensuring a dimensional tolerance of ±1mm, adapting to conventional building modules, and reducing construction cutting losses.

[0036] The self-insulating blocks from Example 1 were sent to a professional testing institution for testing according to GB / T 11968-2008, GB / T 11969-2008, and GB / T 10294-2008. The test results are as follows: The strength grade (MPa) is 3.6, which meets the standard requirement of strength grade ≥ 3.5; the minimum value of a single group is 3.3, which meets the standard requirement of minimum value of a single group ≥ 2.8. The average dry density (kg / m3) is 685, which meets the standard requirement of 650 < average dry density ≤ 750; The thermal conductivity (dry state) [W / (m•K)] is 0.112, which meets the requirement that the thermal conductivity (dry state) ≤ 0.14.

[0037] The self-insulating block provided by this invention has been tested and inspected by a professional testing institution in accordance with GB / T 11968-2008, GB / T 11969-2008, and GB / T 10294-2008. The evaluation results of all test items are qualified. Therefore, the self-insulating block provided by this invention meets the technical requirements of the tested items according to the GB / T36534-2018 standard "Foamed Concrete Blocks with Expanded Ceramsite".

[0038] Example 2: Embodiment 2 of the present invention describes a method for constructing walls using self-insulating blocks, based on the technical content conceived and planned in the second technical solution. Figures 5-9 The detailed operation steps are as follows: S1, Base treatment; Base treatment steps: Clean the base surface of the building wall construction area, remove debris and level it, and mark the positioning line to determine the masonry baseline. The baseline should be consistent with the wall size and position in the design drawings. The specific operational content and technical requirements for grassroots processing can be handled using conventional technical methods in this field.

[0039] S2. Prepare mortar; Mortar preparation and application steps: Use special masonry mortar and apply it evenly to the joint surface of the main block in the order of "horizontal first, then vertical". The mortar thickness should be controlled within the range of 8-12mm. The specific operational procedures and technical requirements for mortar preparation and application can be handled in accordance with conventional technical methods in this field.

[0040] S3. Starting from the base at the top of the building foundation, construct the first layer of blocks: Apply mortar to the base surface; Place the first block body 1 on the base surface along the baseline; Apply mortar to the end face of the first block body 1, then place the second block body 1 on the base surface, and connect it to the first block body 1 by the interlocking of the mortise 21 and the tenon 22, and squeeze the second block body 1 so that the mortar fills the interlocking gap of the mortise 21 and the tenon 22 to form a wedge-shaped limiting fit. Then, the third block body 1 is connected to the second block body 1 by the mutual engagement of the mortise 21 and the tenon 22, and the third block body 1 is pressed to fill the gap between the mortise 21 and the tenon 22 with mortar, forming a wedge-shaped limiting fit. This process continues until the first layer of blocks is completed; S4. Laying the first layer of main tie bars 4: Laying the first layer of main tie bars 4 in the tie bar grooves 3 of the first layer of masonry blocks. Each main tie bar 4 passes through the tie bar grooves 3 at the corresponding positions on all the main blocks 1 of the first layer of masonry blocks. Both ends of each main tie bar 4 extend to the outer side of both ends of the wall and are bent and anchored to the steel cages 5 of the structural columns at both ends of the wall. S5. Gap filling: Fill all gaps between adjacent block bodies 1 and between the main tie bar 4 and the tie bar groove 3 with masonry mortar, and smooth and compact it until the mortar is dense and flush with the surface of the block body 1. S6. Repeat steps S3-S5 until the wall height meets the design requirements; Before laying the second layer of blocks, apply mortar to the upper surface of the first layer of blocks, following the procedure for applying mortar to the base layer. Repeat this process for laying subsequent layers of blocks.

[0041] In step S6, the tenon and mortise joints of two adjacent masonry blocks are staggered to avoid vertical through joints, thereby improving the strength and making the building wall more aesthetically pleasing.

[0042] Furthermore, the mortise and tenon joints of two adjacent layers of blocks are staggered by a distance of no less than one-third of the length of the block body, resulting in a reasonable and aesthetically pleasing layout.

[0043] Example 3: If there are adjacent walls that are perpendicular to each other, then based on the technical content of the operation steps in Embodiment 2, in step S4, according to... Figure 10 The schematic diagram of the implementation of the planar structure is shown in which the main tie bar 4 is laid and the first auxiliary tie bar 41 is connected to the tie bar of the adjacent wall that is perpendicular to each other, and the building wall is constructed by assembling self-insulating blocks. The number of first auxiliary tie bars 41 can be set according to the number of tie bar grooves on the main body of the block; for example, Figure 11 As shown, when two tie bar grooves are arranged side by side on the main body of the block, two first auxiliary tie bars 41 can be set accordingly. Both first auxiliary tie bars 41 extend from the gap between the upper and lower block bodies to the outside of the building wall and are fixedly connected to the main tie bar in another wall that is perpendicular to the building wall.

[0044] In actual operation, based on the technical content of the above embodiment 2, after the main tie bar of at least one layer of masonry blocks is laid and anchored, a first auxiliary tie bar 41 is laid and connected on the main tie bar 4. The first auxiliary tie bar 41 is perpendicular to the main tie bar 4. One end of the first auxiliary tie bar 41 is fixedly connected to the main tie bar 4, and the other end of the first auxiliary tie bar 41 extends from the middle of the building wall. Specifically, it can extend from the gap between the upper and lower masonry blocks to the outside of the building wall and is fixedly connected to the main tie bar in another wall that is perpendicular to the building wall. This realizes the tie connection between the building wall and the adjacent walls that are perpendicular to each other, and further improves the stability and reliability of the building.

[0045] Alternatively, when constructing two perpendicular walls, the end of the main tie bar of one wall can be directly fixed to the main tie bar of the other wall, that is, the part of the main tie bar of one wall near the end can be used as the first auxiliary tie bar of the other wall.

[0046] Alternatively, when constructing two mutually perpendicular walls, main tie bars can be laid from both ends toward the middle on the tie bar grooves on the side of one wall near the other mutually perpendicular wall. When laid to the tie bar grooves corresponding to the other mutually perpendicular wall, the main tie bars are bent, and the bent part of the main tie bars constitutes the first auxiliary tie bar 41.

[0047] Example 4: If there are adjacent walls that are inclined to each other, then based on the technical content of the operation steps in Embodiment 2, in step S4, according to... Figure 12 The schematic diagram illustrates the implementation of a planar structure in which self-insulating blocks are used to construct building walls, main tie bars are laid, and first auxiliary tie bars are connected to fix the tie bars of adjacent walls that are inclined at an angle to each other.

[0048] A corresponding number of second auxiliary tie bars 42 can be set according to the number of tie bar grooves on the main body of the block; for example, Figure 13 As shown, when two tie bar grooves are arranged side by side on the main body of the block, two second auxiliary tie bars 42 can be set accordingly. Both second auxiliary tie bars 42 extend from the gap between the upper and lower block bodies to the outside of the building wall and are fixedly connected to the main tie bar in another wall that is inclined at a certain angle to the building wall.

[0049] In actual operation, based on the technical content of Embodiment 2 above, after the main tie bars of at least one layer of masonry blocks are laid and anchored, a second auxiliary tie bar 42 is laid and connected on the main tie bar 4. The second auxiliary tie bar 42 is inclined to the main tie bar 4 at a certain angle. The first auxiliary tie bar 41 is perpendicular to the main tie bar 4. One end of the second auxiliary tie bar 42 is also fixedly connected to the main tie bar 4. The other end of the second auxiliary tie bar 42 extends from the middle of the building wall, specifically from the gap between the upper and lower masonry blocks to the outside of the building wall, and is fixedly connected to the main tie bar of another wall that is inclined to the building wall at a certain angle. This achieves the tie connection between the building wall and adjacent walls that are perpendicular to each other, further improving the stability and reliability of the building. In this example, the two walls are inclined to each other at a 135° angle, and the second auxiliary tie bar 42 is inclined to the main tie bar 4 at a 135° angle.

[0050] Alternatively, when constructing two perpendicular walls, the end of the main tie bar of the adjacent inclined wall can be directly fixed to the main tie bar of the main wall, that is, the part of the main tie bar of the adjacent inclined wall near the end can be used as the second auxiliary tie bar of the other wall.

[0051] Alternatively, when constructing two adjacent inclined walls, main tie bars can be laid from both ends toward the middle on the tie bar grooves on the side of one wall near the other inclined wall. When laid to the tie bar grooves corresponding to the other inclined wall, the main tie bars are bent at the included angle between the two adjacent inclined walls. The bent part of the main tie bars constitutes the second auxiliary tie bar 42.

[0052] Example 5: like Figure 14 As shown, this fifth embodiment implements another type of self-insulating block. The main body 1 of the self-insulating block adopts an alternative size design, with standard specifications of 400mm in length, 350mm in width, and 195mm in height, and an aspect ratio of 1:1.14, which is compatible with conventional building modules and reduces the construction cutting rate. Figure 12As shown, trapezoidal protrusions 21 and tenons 22 are provided on both ends of the main block 1. The protrusion depth of the protrusion 21 is 18mm, and the indentation depth of the tenon 22 is 22mm. The slope of the interlocking surface is 1:10, ensuring improved horizontal anti-slip capability after adjacent blocks are interlocked. Two sets of L-shaped tie bar grooves 3 are provided along the length of the upper surface of the main block 1, with a spacing of 150mm, a V-shaped cross-section, a groove width of 18mm, and a depth of 22mm. They penetrate through both ends of the main block 1 and can accommodate tie bars 4 with a diameter not exceeding 10mm, with a mortar protective layer of greater than or equal to 12mm reserved. The bottom of the tie bar groove 3 is 90mm away from the bottom surface of the main block 1, facilitating the 135-degree bending and anchoring of the tie bars 4 when anchored into the structural column. A 2.5mm gap is reserved at the interlocking point of the protrusion 21 and tenon 22 on the side of the main block 1. During construction, the gap is filled with mortar, and the joint thickness is controlled within the range of 8~12mm, achieving a dual connection of mechanical interlocking and mortar bonding. The overall structure is formed in one piece using a molding process, with a dimensional tolerance of ±0.5mm, making it suitable for prefabricated building requirements.

[0053] The construction of this self-insulating block requires first cleaning the soil base surface and setting up positioning lines to ensure that the masonry baseline is consistent with the design drawings. Construction workers use special masonry mortar, applying it to the joints in a "horizontal first, then vertical" sequence, controlling the mortar thickness within the range of 8-12mm. During construction, the protruding tenons 21 of adjacent blocks are embedded into the recessed tenons 22, and mortar is filled into the interlocking gaps by compression, while ensuring that the outward protrusion depth of the protruding tenon 21 matches the inward recess depth of the recessed tenon 22. When constructing the tie bar groove 3, tie bars 4 need to be pre-embedded along the length direction on the upper surface of the block body 1. The diameter of the tie bars is selected according to the design requirements of 8-12mm. After embedding the tie bar groove 3, it is filled with mortar until the groove opening is flush. Parallel adjacent wall tie bars 41 (such as...) are used. Figure 5 (as shown) or adjacent wall tie bars bent at 135 degrees (such as...) Figure 6 (As shown) The blocks need to be anchored into the structural columns, penetrating the structural columns and connecting with the adjacent walls to form an integral shear-resistant system. After the masonry is completed, the mortar fullness needs to be checked, requiring that the mortar fullness of both horizontal and vertical joints meet the standards. Simultaneously, the anchorage quality of the tie bars and the stability of the tenon and mortise joints should be tested. Through the above process, the block wall can achieve a "sealed" overall connection effect, meeting the requirements of building energy conservation and structural safety.

[0054] Taking into account both strength and aesthetics, the technical solution of Example 1 is preferred.

[0055] This invention is not limited to the above-described optional embodiments. Anyone can derive other various forms of products under the guidance of this invention. However, regardless of any changes made in their shape or structure, any technical solution that falls within the scope of the claims of this invention shall be protected by this invention.

Claims

1. A self-insulating building block, characterized in that: It includes a block body (1), the block body (1) is provided with a tenon and mortise connection structure (2), and a tie bar groove (3); The tie bar groove (3) is used to limit and accommodate the main tie bar inside the building wall; The block body (3) can be connected to the adjacent block body (1) by means of the tenon and mortise connection structure (2); The main body of the block (1) has a porous structure.

2. The self-insulating block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the block body (1) is provided with at least two parallel tie bar grooves (3); each tie bar groove (3) extends from one end of the block body (1) to the other end of the block body (1); the cross section of each tie bar groove (3) is V-shaped or rectangular, and the depth of each tie bar groove (3) is greater than the diameter of the tie bar.

3. The self-insulating block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mortise and tenon connection structure (2) includes a protruding tenon (21) and a recessed tenon (22). The protruding tenon (21) and the recessed tenon (22) are respectively set on the two end faces of the block body (1). The protruding tenon (21) is a trapezoidal protrusion structure that protrudes outward from one end face of the block body (1). The recessed tenon (22) is a trapezoidal groove structure that is recessed inward from the other end face of the block body (1). The protruding tenon (21) and the recessed tenon (22) are in clearance fit, so that each block body (1) can be fitted into the recessed tenon of the adjacent block body (1) through the protruding tenon (21) to form a wedge-shaped limiting structure.

4. The self-insulating block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body of the block (1) is an integral structure with several pores, which is formed in one step by molding composite material through compression molding process.

5. The self-insulating block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body of the block (1) is an integral structure with several pores, formed in one step by a molding process of a composite material containing ceramsite and foamed concrete.

6. A method for constructing walls using self-insulating blocks, wherein the self-insulating block is described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The following steps are included: S1, Base treatment; S2. Prepare mortar; S3. Starting from the base at the top of the building foundation, construct the first layer of blocks: Apply mortar to the base surface; Place the first block body (1) on the base surface along the baseline; Apply mortar to the end face of the first block body (1), then place the second block body (1) on the base surface, and connect it to the first block body (1) by interlocking the mortise (21) and tenon (22), and squeeze the second block body (1) to fill the interlocking gap of the mortise (21) and tenon (22) to form a wedge-shaped limiting fit; Then, the third block body (1) is connected to the second block body (1) by the mutual engagement of the mortise (21) and the tenon (22), and the third block body (1) is squeezed to fill the gap between the mortise (21) and the tenon (22) with mortar, forming a wedge-shaped limiting fit. This process continues until the first layer of blocks is completed; S4. Laying the first layer of main tie bars (4): Laying the first layer of main tie bars (4) in the tie bar groove (3) of the first layer of masonry block layer. Each main tie bar (4) passes through the tie bar groove (3) at the corresponding position on all the main blocks (1) of the first layer of masonry block layer. Both ends of each main tie bar (4) extend to the outside of both ends of the wall and are bent and anchored to the steel cage (5) of the structural column at both ends of the wall. S5. Gap filling: Fill all gaps between adjacent block bodies (1) and between the main tie bar (4) and the tie bar groove (3) with masonry mortar, and smooth and compact it until the mortar is dense and flush with the surface of the block body (1). S6. Repeat steps S3-S5 until the wall height meets the design requirements.

7. A method for constructing a wall using self-insulating blocks according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step S4 also includes the following: If there are adjacent walls that are perpendicular to each other, the first auxiliary tie bar (41) is anchored to the main tie bar (4) of at least one block layer, and the first auxiliary tie bar (41) is perpendicular to the main tie bar (4).

8. A method for constructing a wall using self-insulating blocks according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step S4 also includes the following: If there are adjacent walls that are inclined to each other, a second auxiliary tie bar (42) is anchored to the main tie bar (4) of at least one block layer, and the second auxiliary tie bar (42) is inclined to the main tie bar 4.

9. A method for constructing a wall using self-insulating blocks according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S6, the tenon and mortise connections of two adjacent layers of blocks are staggered.

10. A method for constructing a wall using self-insulating blocks according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S6, the distance between the mortise and tenon joints of two adjacent masonry blocks is not less than one-third of the length of the main body (1) of the masonry block.

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