Multi-layer safety protection structure of petrochemical pressure vessel

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of petrochemical pressure vessels, in particular to a multilayer safety protection structure of a petrochemical pressure vessel, which comprises a tank body, the tank body comprises an inner tank body and an outer tank body, a cavity is formed between the inner tank body and the outer tank body, an air storage bag body is arranged in the cavity, and a pressure relief mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the inner tank body. The pressure relief mechanism comprises an exhaust pipe, a sealing assembly and ventilation pipes, the exhaust pipe is connected with the inner tank body and fixedly connected with the air storage bag body, the sealing assembly is arranged in the exhaust pipe, and the ventilation pipes are arranged on the exhaust pipe and arranged at the two ends of the sealing assembly. The probability of dangerous accidents is reduced, the air pressure in the inner tank body can be effectively balanced through the pressure relief mechanism, meanwhile, exhausted gas is recycled, and resource waste is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of petrochemical pressure vessel technology, and particularly to a multi-layer safety protection structure for petrochemical pressure vessels. Background Technology

[0002] Petrochemical pressure vessels are closed equipment used in the petrochemical industry for storage, transportation, reaction, and other processes, capable of withstanding a certain pressure. Petrochemical pressure vessels typically store or handle media with flammable, explosive, toxic, or harmful characteristics, such as hydrogen, liquefied petroleum gas, and benzene. In the event of a safety accident, such as a container rupture leading to leakage of the media, an explosion may occur upon contact with a source of ignition, posing a serious threat to the lives of on-site operators and surrounding personnel, and causing huge losses to factory facilities, equipment, and other property. To prevent safety accidents, pressure vessel safety protection structures have been designed.

[0003] At ambient temperature, the liquefied gas in existing pressure vessels storing liquefied gas will continue to evaporate, causing the pressure inside the pressure vessel to rise continuously. If the pressure is not released in time, it can easily lead to safety accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a multi-layer safety protection structure for petrochemical pressure vessels to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A multi-layered safety protection structure for a petrochemical pressure vessel includes a tank body comprising an inner tank and an outer tank, with a cavity formed between the inner and outer tanks. A gas storage bladder is disposed within the cavity. A pressure relief mechanism is provided at the upper end of the inner tank body. The pressure relief mechanism includes an exhaust pipe, a sealing assembly, and a vent pipe. The exhaust pipe is connected to the inner tank and fixedly connected to the gas storage bladder. A sealing assembly is disposed inside the exhaust pipe. The vent pipe is located on the exhaust pipe and connects to both ends of the sealing assembly. The double-layered tank structure provides two physical barriers. When the inner layer leaks, experiences sudden pressure changes, or is subjected to impact, the double-layered tank structure can prevent leakage, buffer, and disperse pressure, reducing the pressure borne by a single tank, improving fault tolerance, and lowering the risk of tank rupture.

[0007] Furthermore, the sealing assembly includes a sealing plate, a movable plug, a fixed plate, and a compression spring. The sealing plate is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe, and a through hole is formed in the middle of the sealing plate. The movable plug is disposed on the side of the sealing plate away from the inner tank. The compression spring is fixedly connected to the side of the movable plug away from the sealing plate, and the other side of the compression spring is fixedly connected to the fixed plate. The movable plug performs axial reciprocating motion inside the exhaust pipe.

[0008] Furthermore, the convex head of the movable plug is close to the through hole, the movable plug has a convex structure, and the size of the movable plug is larger than the size of the through hole. When the pressure inside the inner tank is stable, the convex head of the movable plug is tightly combined with the sealing plate under the action of the compression spring, preventing the gas in the inner tank from entering the exhaust pipe through the through hole and reducing the pressure in the inner tank.

[0009] Furthermore, the sealing assembly is mirror-image configured in two parts.

[0010] Furthermore, the movable plug and the sealing plate form a first cavity. The two first cavities in the sealing assembly are connected by a vent pipe. When the pressure inside the inner tank rises above the safe pressure value, the gas in the inner tank pushes the movable plug near the upper end of the inner tank through the through hole, moving it in the exhaust pipe and allowing the gas to enter the first cavity. The gas in the first cavity enters the first cavity near the end of the gas storage bladder through the vent pipe. By increasing the pressure inside the first cavity, the movable plug near the end of the gas storage bladder moves away from the end of the gas storage bladder, thereby allowing the gas to enter the gas storage bladder through the through hole near the end of the gas storage bladder, effectively preventing the tank from rupturing due to excessive pressure inside the inner tank.

[0011] Furthermore, the outer tank is composed of several modules, and the inner tank is made with an integral molding process so that there are no splicing gaps. The modules are sealed with sealing materials. The integrally molded inner tank has no splicing gaps, which reduces the risk of leakage from the structure and can better ensure the sealing performance of the inner tank. The outer tank adopts a modular splicing method, which facilitates the inspection and maintenance of the interlayer space. The use of sealing materials can prevent leakage caused by loose splicing between modules.

[0012] Furthermore, a movable rod is provided at the bottom of the cavity, and a squeezing plate is provided at the other end of the movable rod. The two sides of the squeezing plate are in contact with the outer wall of the inner tank and the inner wall of the outer tank, respectively. The movable rod drives the squeezing plate to move upward. When the air pressure in the inner tank decreases, the squeezing plate squeezes the gas storage bag upward, and the gas in the gas storage bag returns to the inner tank through the pressure relief mechanism. This allows the discharged gas to be recycled and reused, reducing resource waste.

[0013] Furthermore, the inner tank is made of austenitic stainless steel with good mechanical properties and resistance to brittle fracture, while the outer tank is made of carbon steel, which is relatively inexpensive and has high strength.

[0014] Furthermore, the sealing material is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0016] 1. This invention provides a pressure relief mechanism on the inner tank. When the air pressure in the inner tank reaches a certain level, the air pressure pushes the movable plug through the through hole, allowing gas to enter the first chamber. The gas in the first chamber is then connected to the first chamber on the other side through the vent pipe, causing the movable plug on the side closest to the gas storage bladder to move away from the gas storage bladder. This allows gas to enter the gas storage bladder through the through hole, effectively preventing safety accidents caused by excessive pressure in the inner tank and endangering public safety.

[0017] 2. This invention provides a movable rod at the bottom of the cavity, which drives the extrusion plate to move upward. When the air pressure in the inner tank decreases, the extrusion plate extrudes the gas storage bladder upward, and the gas in the gas storage bladder returns to the inner tank through the pressure relief mechanism. This allows the discharged gas to be recycled and reused, reducing resource waste.

[0018] 3. The pressure vessel of the present invention adopts a double-layer tank. The double-layer tank provides two physical barriers. When the inner tank has problems such as leakage, pressure change or impact, the outer tank can act as a second line of defense to prevent the internal medium from leaking into the external environment. At the same time, the structure of the double-layer tank can buffer and disperse pressure, reducing the probability of dangerous accidents.

[0019] 4. This invention uses an integrated molding process to manufacture the inner tank, which reduces the risk of leakage from a structural perspective and better ensures the sealing performance of the inner tank. The outer tank adopts a modular splicing method, which facilitates the inspection and maintenance of the interlayer space. During the use of the outer tank, if a certain part is damaged or malfunctions, only the corresponding module needs to be disassembled and replaced, without the need to repair the entire outer tank. This greatly reduces the difficulty and cost of maintenance and repair, improves the maintenance efficiency of the equipment, and helps to ensure the continuity of production. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the pressure relief mechanism of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the sealing assembly of the present invention.

[0024] Figure Labels

[0025] 1. Tank body; 11. Inner tank body; 12. Outer tank body; 13. Valve; 2. Sealing material; 3. Cavity; 4. Air reservoir body; 41. Pleats; 5. Pressure relief mechanism; 51. Exhaust pipe; 52. Sealing assembly; 53. Vent pipe; 521. Sealing plate; 522. Movable plug; 523. Fixing plate; 524. Compression spring; 525. Through hole; 526. First cavity; 31. Movable rod; 32. Squeezing plate; 33. Bracket; 34. Base. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0028] like Figure 1-2As shown, a multi-layered safety protection structure for a petrochemical pressure vessel includes a tank 1, which comprises an inner tank 11 and an outer tank 12. The outer tank 12 is composed of several modules. The inner tank 11 is integrally molded, eliminating seams. The sealing material 2 used between the modules is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). A valve 13 is installed on the tank 1 to prevent gas leakage from the inner tank 11. The double-layered tank 1 provides two physical barriers. When the inner tank 11 leaks, the outer tank 12 acts as a second line of defense, preventing the internal medium from leaking into the external environment. When pressure is applied inside the vessel... When subjected to sudden force changes or external impacts, the double-layered tank 1 structure can buffer and disperse pressure. The one-piece molded inner tank 11 has no splicing gaps, structurally reducing the risk of leakage and better ensuring the sealing performance of the inner tank 11. The modularly assembled outer tank 12 facilitates the inspection and maintenance of the interlayer space. During the use of the outer tank 12, if a part is damaged or malfunctions, only the corresponding module needs to be disassembled and replaced, without needing to repair the entire outer tank 12. This greatly reduces the difficulty and cost of maintenance and repair, improves equipment maintenance efficiency, and shortens the lifespan of the equipment. Shorter equipment downtime helps ensure continuous production. The inner tank 11 is made of austenitic stainless steel with good mechanical properties and resistance to brittle fracture, while the outer tank 12 is made of carbon steel, which is relatively inexpensive and has high strength. Many media in the petrochemical industry are highly corrosive, and austenitic stainless steel has excellent corrosion resistance, effectively resisting the erosion of these media. This ensures that the inner tank 11 will not leak or lose strength due to corrosion during long-term use. Furthermore, austenitic stainless steel has good toughness and strength, enabling it to withstand internal pressure and various stresses that the media may generate, under different temperatures and conditions. Under pressure conditions, it can maintain stable mechanical properties and is not prone to brittle failure. The carbon steel used in the outer tank 12 has relatively weak corrosion resistance, but the outer tank 12 is mainly in contact with the atmosphere and other relatively mild environments. At the same time, carbon steel has high strength and hardness, which can provide good support and protection for the entire pressure vessel. A cavity 3 is formed between the inner tank 11 and the outer tank 12. A support 33 is provided at the bottom of the cavity 3 to support the inner tank 11. An air storage bladder 4 is provided in the cavity 3. A pressure relief mechanism 5 is provided at the upper end of the inner tank 11. The inner tank 11 is connected to the air storage bladder 4 through the pressure relief mechanism 5.

[0029] like Figure 3As shown, the air storage bladder 4 is an elastic closed ring structure. Several pleats 41 are arranged vertically on the air storage bladder 4. When the air storage bladder 4 is filled with air, the pleats 41 are fully expanded. By providing pleats 41 on the air storage bladder 4, the air storage capacity can be improved and the pressure resistance of the air storage bladder 4 can be increased. The pressure relief mechanism 5 includes an exhaust pipe 51, a sealing component 52 and a vent pipe 53. The exhaust pipe 51 is connected to the inner tank 11 and fixedly connected to the air storage bladder 4. The sealing component 52 is provided inside the exhaust pipe 51. The vent pipe 53 is provided on the exhaust pipe 51 and connects to both ends of the sealing component 52.

[0030] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the sealing assembly 52 includes a sealing plate 521, a movable plug 522, a fixed plate 523, and a compression spring 524. The sealing plate 521 is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe 51, and a through hole 525 is formed in the middle of the sealing plate 521 to facilitate gas entering the interior of the exhaust pipe 51 through the through hole 525 during depressurization. The movable plug 522 is disposed on the side of the sealing plate 521 away from the inner tank 11, and the compression spring 524 is fixedly connected to the side of the movable plug 522 away from the sealing plate 521. The other side of the compression spring 524 is fixedly connected to the fixed plate 523. The fixed connection is provided. The fixed plate 523 is fixed inside the exhaust pipe 51 and tightly connected to the exhaust pipe 51. The movable plug 522 has a convex structure, and the convex head of the movable plug 522 is close to the end of the through hole 525. The size of the movable plug 522 is larger than the size of the through hole 525. When the pressure inside the inner tank 11 is stable, the convex head of the movable plug 522 is tightly connected to the sealing plate 521 under the action of the compression spring 524, preventing the gas in the inner tank 11 from entering the exhaust pipe 51 through the through hole 525, thereby reducing the pressure in the inner tank 11.

[0031] The sealing assembly 52 has two mirror images, mirrored with the end of the fixed plate 523 furthest from the compression spring 524 as the mirror line. The two movable plugs 522 form two first cavities 526 with the sealing plate 521 respectively. The two first cavities 526 located at both ends of the exhaust pipe 51 are connected by the vent pipe 53. When the pressure inside the inner tank 11 rises above the safe pressure value, the gas in the inner tank 11 pushes the movable plug 522 near the upper end of the inner tank 11 through the through hole 525 to move in the exhaust pipe 51, allowing the gas to enter the first cavity 526. The gas in the first cavity 526 enters the first cavity 526 near the end of the gas storage bladder 4 through the vent pipe 53. By increasing the pressure inside the first cavity 526, the movable plug 522 near the end of the gas storage bladder 4 moves away from the end of the gas storage bladder 4, so that the gas enters the gas storage bladder 4 through the through hole 525 near the end of the gas storage bladder 4, effectively preventing the tank 1 from exploding due to excessive pressure in the inner tank 11.

[0032] like Figure 2As shown, a base 34 is fixedly provided at the bottom of the cavity 3, and a movable rod 32 is provided on the base 34. A squeezing plate 32 is provided at the end of the movable rod 32 away from the base 34. The two sides of the squeezing plate 32 are in contact with the outer wall of the inner tank 11 and the inner wall of the outer tank 12, respectively. The squeezing plate 32 is moved vertically up and down in the cavity 3 by the movable rod 32, thereby squeezing the gas storage bladder 4 in the cavity 3. The gas in the gas storage bladder 4 returns to the inner tank 11 through the pressure relief mechanism 5, and the discharged gas is recycled to reduce resource waste.

[0033] Those skilled in the art should recognize that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any variations or modifications to the above embodiments that are within the spirit and essence of the present invention will fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-layer safety protection structure for a petrochemical pressure vessel, comprising a tank body (1), characterized in that, The tank (1) includes an inner tank (11) and an outer tank (12). A cavity (3) is formed between the inner tank (11) and the outer tank (12). An air storage bladder (4) is provided in the cavity (3). A pressure relief mechanism (5) is provided at the upper end of the inner tank (11). The pressure relief mechanism (5) includes an exhaust pipe (51), a sealing component (52), and a vent pipe (53). The exhaust pipe (51) is connected to the inner tank (11) and fixedly connected to the air storage bladder (4). A sealing component (52) is provided inside the exhaust pipe (51). The vent pipe (53) is provided on the exhaust pipe (51) and connects to both ends of the sealing component (52).

2. The multi-layer safety protection structure for a petrochemical pressure vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing assembly (52) includes a sealing plate (521), a movable plug (522), a fixed plate (523), and a compression spring (524). The sealing plate (521) is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe (51). A through hole (525) is formed in the middle of the sealing plate (521). The movable plug (522) is disposed on the side of the sealing plate (521) away from the inner tank (11). The side of the movable plug (522) away from the sealing plate (521) is fixedly connected to the compression spring (524). The other side of the compression spring (524) is fixedly connected to the fixed plate (523). The movable plug (522) performs axial reciprocating motion inside the exhaust pipe (51).

3. The multi-layer safety protection structure for a petrochemical pressure vessel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The movable plug (522) has a convex structure, and the size of the movable plug (522) is larger than the size of the through hole (525).

4. The multi-layer safety protection structure for a petrochemical pressure vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing assembly (52) has two mirror images.

5. The multi-layer safety protection structure for a petrochemical pressure vessel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The protruding head of the movable plug (522) is close to the through hole (525). The movable plug (522) and the sealing plate (521) form a first cavity (526). The two first cavities (526) of the two sealing assemblies (52) are connected by a vent pipe (53).

6. The multi-layer safety protection structure for a petrochemical pressure vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer tank (12) is composed of several modules. The inner tank (11) is made of one piece, so that there are no gaps between the inner tank (11). The modules are sealed with sealing material (2).

7. The multi-layer safety protection structure for a petrochemical pressure vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cavity (3) is provided with a movable rod (32) at the bottom, and a squeezing plate (32) is provided at the other end of the movable rod (32). The two sides of the squeezing plate (32) are in contact with the outer wall of the inner tank (11) and the inner wall of the outer tank (12), respectively.

8. The multi-layer safety protection structure for a petrochemical pressure vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner tank (11) is made of austenitic stainless steel with good mechanical properties and resistance to brittle fracture, while the outer tank (12) is made of carbon steel with relatively low price and high strength.

9. The multi-layer safety protection structure for a petrochemical pressure vessel according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sealing material (2) is polytetrafluoroethylene.

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