Method and device for detecting installation quality of permanent magnet of permanent magnet synchronous motor

Abstract

The invention provides a permanent magnet synchronous motor permanent magnet installation quality detection method and device. The device comprises a platform; a first stepping motor; the rotor fixing mechanism is used for fixing the rotor and is operatively connected with the first stepping motor so that the rotor can rotate; a laser sensor, an acoustic sensor, a magnetic sensor and a striking hammer are mounted on the sensor adjusting mechanism, the laser sensor is used for detecting the mounting positions of the permanent magnets on the rotor, the striking hammer is used for striking pressing blocks between the permanent magnets on the rotor to make a sound, the acoustic sensor is used for collecting the sound, and the magnetic sensor is used for detecting the mounting positions of the permanent magnets on the rotor. The magnetic sensor is used for detecting the magnetic strength and the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet on the rotor; and the control system is configured to control the rotation of the rotor and the striking operation of the striking hammer during detection, receive test data from the laser sensor, the acoustic sensor and the magnetic sensor, and analyze the test data to output a test result.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of permanent magnet synchronous motors, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for testing the installation quality of permanent magnets in permanent magnet synchronous motors. Background Technology

[0002] Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are increasingly widely used in production and daily life due to their advantages of simple structure, small size, high efficiency, and high power factor. During the assembly process, the permanent magnets are typically glued to the rotor surface and fixed in place using clamps and bolts. Inconsistent installation positions of the permanent magnets, including differences in height and spacing, can cause vibration during motor operation. The magnetic pole sequence of the permanent magnets should be alternating between N and S poles, but these two types of permanent magnets are indistinguishable by appearance; incorrect installation will cause the motor to malfunction. The magnetic strength of each permanent magnet is generally not tested before and after installation. Even when workers use gaussmeters, it is difficult to guarantee the consistency of the testing positions, resulting in low confidence levels. Permanent magnets with different magnetic strengths can affect the normal operation of the motor. Insufficient clamp tightness can lead to loosening during long-term motor operation, not only losing its fixing function but also causing damage to the motor due to loose clamps and bolts.

[0003] Currently, after the permanent magnets are installed, key elements such as the installation position, magnetic pole sequence, magnetic strength, and tightness of the clamping blocks need to be manually inspected. This method has the following drawbacks: 1) Insufficient precision: The installation position of the permanent magnet depends on manual visual judgment, the magnetic strength is manually measured by a gaussmeter, and the clamping block is tightened by manual operation based on experience. The overall precision is low and is significantly affected by subjective factors.

[0004] 2) Low efficiency: The rotor usually needs to be equipped with dozens of permanent magnets. Each permanent magnet and key element of the pressure block needs to be checked manually one by one. The operation is cumbersome, time-consuming and labor-intensive, resulting in low efficiency.

[0005] 3) Prone to oversights: Repeated single testing operations over a long period of time can easily lead to human fatigue and oversights.

[0006] The aforementioned shortcomings and problems with manual inspection will directly lead to the inability to effectively guarantee the installation quality of permanent magnets, thereby adversely affecting the overall performance and operational reliability of the motor. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides a method and apparatus for detecting the installation quality of permanent magnets in a permanent magnet synchronous motor, which uses an automated device to efficiently detect the installation quality of permanent magnets.

[0008] This invention provides a device for detecting the installation quality of permanent magnets in a permanent magnet synchronous motor, comprising: a platform; a first stepper motor mounted on the platform; a rotor fixing mechanism located on the platform for fixing a rotor to be tested, and the rotor fixing mechanism being operatively connected to the first stepper motor so that the rotor to be tested can rotate under the drive of the first stepper motor; and a sensor adjustment mechanism mounted on the platform, the sensor adjustment mechanism being equipped with a laser sensor, an acoustic sensor, a magnetic sensor, and a hammer, wherein the laser sensor is used to detect the installation position of the permanent magnets on the rotor to be tested. The striking hammer is used to strike the pressure block between the permanent magnets on the rotor under test to produce sound. The acoustic sensor is used to collect the sound, and the magnetic sensor is used to detect the magnetic strength and magnetic poles of the permanent magnets on the rotor under test. The control system is communicatively connected to the first stepper motor, sensor adjustment mechanism, laser sensor, acoustic sensor, magnetic sensor, and striking hammer, and is configured to: control the rotation of the rotor under test and the striking operation of the striking hammer during testing; receive test data from the laser sensor, acoustic sensor, and magnetic sensor; and analyze the test data to output test results.

[0009] In some embodiments, the rotor fixing mechanism includes: a rotating disk having a cone for engaging with the rotor under test; a connecting rod rotatably supported on the platform by bearings, one end of the connecting rod being fixedly connected to the center of the planar side of the cone, and the other end being operatively connected to the first stepper motor; a threaded rod fixedly connected to the top of the cone and extending from the top of the cone; a fastening disk having a threaded hole at its center that mates with the threaded rod, wherein the rotor under test is clamped between the fastening disk and the conical surface of the cone; and a fastening nut engaging with the threaded rod to fix the fastening disk and the rotor under test onto the cone.

[0010] In some embodiments, the sensor adjustment mechanism includes: a base plate; a horizontal moving mechanism supported on the base plate for horizontally moving the laser sensor, acoustic sensor, magnetic sensor, and hammer; a vertical lifting mechanism mounted on the horizontal moving mechanism for vertically moving the laser sensor, acoustic sensor, magnetic sensor, and hammer; a sensor mounting plate mounted on the lifting mechanism to allow the hammer and magnetic sensor to be mounted on the sensor mounting plate according to the vertical movement of the lifting mechanism; a first adjustable rod with one end mounted on the horizontal moving mechanism and the laser sensor mounted on the other end; and a second adjustable rod with one end mounted on the horizontal moving mechanism and the acoustic sensor mounted on the other end.

[0011] In some embodiments, the horizontal moving mechanism includes: two slide rails extending axially along the connecting rod and disposed on the base plate; a movable base having two sliders at its bottom that respectively cooperate with the two slide rails, allowing the movable base to move along the slide rails; and a horizontal driving mechanism operatively connected to the movable base to drive the movable base to move along the slide rails. The horizontal driving mechanism includes: a first lead screw arranged parallel to one of the two slide rails on the base plate via two bearing seats; a first nut fitted onto and meshing with the first lead screw, and fixedly connected to the movable base; and a second stepper motor communicatively connected to the control system and operatively connected to the first lead screw, for driving the first lead screw to rotate under the control of the control system, thereby moving the first nut along the first lead screw, and consequently driving the movable base to move along the slide rails.

[0012] In some embodiments, the vertical lifting mechanism includes: two guide rods, one end of each of which is fixedly mounted on the movable base at a predetermined distance from each other, and the other end of each of which is supported and fixedly connected to a connecting plate; a second lead screw located between the two guide rods, one end of which is connected to a bearing mounted on the movable base, and the other end of which passes through a bearing mounted on the connecting plate; a second nut fitted onto the second lead screw and engaging with the second lead screw; and a third stepper motor mounted on the connecting plate and operatively connected to the end of the second lead screw that passes through the connecting plate.

[0013] In some embodiments, the sensor mounting plate has a base and an extension extending from the base. The base has two guide rod holes and a nut mounting hole located between them, the guide rod holes through which the guide rod passes, the second lead screw passes through the nut mounting hole, and the second nut is fixed in the nut mounting hole. The hammer and the magnetic sensor are mounted at the end of the extension.

[0014] Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for detecting the installation quality of permanent magnets in a permanent magnet synchronous motor. This method uses the permanent magnet installation quality detection device for a permanent magnet synchronous motor described in any embodiment of the present invention to perform the detection. The method includes: configuring parameters for a control system, including: the rotational speed of the internal servo motor of the impact hammer, a single indexing rotation angle, the rotational speed of the first stepper motor, a predetermined number of rotations required to detect magnetic strength, the axial movement step size of the second stepper motor, a magnetic strength deviation threshold, a pressure block tightness threshold, and a displacement deviation threshold; the control system controls the first stepper motor to drive the rotor to perform indexing rotation according to the configured parameters. Each time the motor rotates by one step angle, the laser sensor performs a real-time laser distance test on the permanent magnet to obtain laser test data. After each single-scale rotation angle, the hammer and acoustic sensor excite the pressing block of the permanent magnet to perform an acoustic test to obtain acoustic test data. The control system controls the first step motor to drive the rotor to rotate continuously for a predetermined number of revolutions according to the configured parameters. While the rotor is rotating, the magnetic sensor performs real-time magnetic strength and magnetic pole tests on the permanent magnet to obtain magnetic force test data. The control system summarizes the laser test data, acoustic test data, and magnetic force test data to comprehensively evaluate the installation quality of the permanent magnet.

[0015] In some embodiments, the control system controls the first stepper motor to drive the rotor to perform indexing rotation according to configured parameters, including: S11, the control system causes the first stepper motor to rotate at a configured rotation speed, and counts the encoder pulses of the motor; S12, the current rotation angle of the rotor is obtained based on the count of the encoder pulses; S13, based on the current rotation angle of the rotor, it is determined whether the rotor has completed the configured single-index rotation angle. If the determination is no, step S11 is continued; if the determination is yes, the rotor is stopped from rotating and the excitation acoustic test is performed, and then step S14 is performed; S14, based on the current rotation angle, it is determined whether the rotor has rotated one revolution. If the determination is yes, the laser distance test and the excitation acoustic test are terminated; otherwise, step S11 is performed.

[0016] In some embodiments, the excitation acoustic test includes: S21, the control system controls the internal servo motor of the hammer to rotate according to the configured rotation speed, driving the hammer head to strike the surface of the permanent magnet's pressing block, and the acoustic response signal generated by the strike is collected by the acoustic sensor; S22, the acoustic response signal is preprocessed to filter out valid frames; S23, the envelope of the valid frame signal is calculated; S24, it is determined whether the envelope exhibits multi-peak bounce during attenuation. If so, it is determined to be a continuous strike and step S21 is repeated; otherwise, step S25 is executed; S25, the valid frame signal of the acoustic response signal is subjected to Fourier transform to obtain its spectrum; S26, the spectrum is energy-normalized within the effective bandwidth to obtain a normalized spectrum; S27, calculations are performed based on the normalized spectrum to extract dynamic characteristic parameters including natural frequency, spectral energy distribution, and dynamic stiffness; S28, the dynamic characteristic parameters are input into a trained CNN model, and the model outputs the pressing block tightness evaluation value of the permanent magnet, and the acoustic test data includes the pressing block tightness evaluation value.

[0017] In some embodiments, the real-time magnetic strength and pole testing of the permanent magnet by the magnetic sensor while the rotor is rotating includes: S31, the control system causes the first stepper motor to rotate at a configured rotational speed, and counts the encoder pulses of the motor; S32, the current rotation angle of the rotor is obtained according to the count of the encoder pulses, and the magnetic strength and pole information corresponding to the current rotation angle of the rotor measured by the magnetic sensor are recorded; S33, it is determined whether the rotor has rotated one revolution according to the current rotation angle. If it is determined not to, step S31 is continued; otherwise, the count of the number of rotor revolutions is incremented by one; S34, it is determined whether the count of the number of rotor revolutions has reached the predetermined number of revolutions. If it is determined not to, step S35 is executed; otherwise, the process ends; S35, the axial measuring point position of the rotor is adjusted by the second stepper motor according to the configured axial movement step size, and then step S31 is executed again.

[0018] In some embodiments, the control system aggregates the laser test data, acoustic test data, and magnetic test data by: fitting the laser test data to generate a side profile curve of the outer edge of the permanent magnet; fitting the magnetic test data to generate magnetic intensity distribution spatial surface data; extracting the number of magnetic poles and their distribution order from the magnetic test data; and obtaining the tightness evaluation value of each pressing block of the permanent magnet from the acoustic test data.

[0019] In some embodiments, the comprehensive evaluation of the permanent magnet installation quality includes: calculating the maximum displacement deviation of the outer edge side profile curve of the permanent magnet and comparing it with the displacement deviation threshold; calculating the maximum deviation between the measured value and the standard value of the magnetic intensity distribution spatial surface and comparing it with the magnetic intensity deviation threshold; comparing the tightness evaluation value of each pressure block with the pressure block tightness threshold; verifying whether the number of magnetic poles and the distribution order are correct; and outputting the comparison results and the verification results as test results.

[0020] By applying the embodiments of the present invention, the following beneficial effects can be achieved: 1) Adaptive structure with strong versatility In the device of this invention, the rotor fixing mechanism adopts a conical rotating disk, whose conical surface is compatible with rotors of different inner diameter specifications; the adjustability of the sensor adjustment mechanism can ensure the consistency of the distance between the sensor and other detection elements and various permanent magnets and pressure blocks, eliminating the need to customize special equipment for specific rotor models, thereby covering the detection needs of permanent magnet synchronous motor rotors of multiple specifications, and greatly improving the versatility and reusability of the equipment.

[0021] 2) Automated integration, high-efficiency detection Based on multi-dimensional signal collaborative analysis technology, this system achieves integrated automatic detection of four key indicators, replacing the traditional manual item-by-item detection mode and reducing manual intervention. It also shortens the detection time per rotor, improving detection efficiency.

[0022] 3) Closed-loop control and measurement ensure reliable results. The accuracy of the detection process is ensured by using an encoder on a stepper motor for indexing rotation control. A real-time anomaly marking mechanism can promptly detect problems such as sudden drops in magnetic force, abnormal magnetic pole distribution, and loose permanent magnet blocks. Specifically, it calculates the maximum displacement deviation of the outer edge profile curve of the permanent magnet, compares it with a displacement deviation threshold, and marks the anomaly; it calculates the maximum deviation between the measured value and the standard value of the magnetic intensity distribution spatial surface, compares it with the magnetic intensity deviation threshold, and marks the anomaly; it compares the tightness assessment value of each block with the block tightness threshold and marks the anomaly; it verifies whether the number and distribution order of magnetic poles are correct and marks the anomaly; and it outputs the comparison results and verification results as test results, such as anomaly marking, which can promptly detect problems such as sudden drops in magnetic force, abnormal magnetic pole distribution, and loose permanent magnet blocks.

[0023] 4) Quantitative assessment with unified standards This invention transforms key indicators of permanent magnet installation quality into quantitative parameters, enabling digital judgment, eliminating reliance on human experience, and removing judgment biases caused by differences in experience among different inspectors.

[0024] 5) Detection of permanent magnet compaction tightness based on excitation acoustic method Based on the excitation acoustic method, through standardized impact and acoustic measurement, the parameter changes of local modes of mechanical structures can be accurately captured, thereby reflecting the tightness of the permanent magnet clamping block. Compared with the strong subjectivity of manual judgment by touch and the large influence of friction factors on torque wrench detection, this method can more comprehensively and accurately assess the looseness of the permanent magnet clamping block.

[0025] The various aspects, features, advantages, etc. of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a perspective view schematically illustrating the permanent magnet installation quality detection device for a permanent magnet synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2A This is a perspective view schematically showing a portion of the rotor fixing mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2B This is a perspective view schematically illustrating the fastening disc of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3A This is a perspective view schematically illustrating the sensor adjustment mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3B yes Figure 3A A 3D view of the sensor adjustment mechanism after omitting the detection element.

[0031] Figure 4 It is shown Figure 1 A left-side stereoscopic view of a part of the device.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic perspective view of a rotor, which is the object of detection in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the control system of an embodiment of the present invention controlling the indexing rotation of the rotor.

[0034] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the present invention for an excitation acoustic test.

[0035] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating the magnetic strength and magnetic pole testing of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figures 9 to 12 The flowchart illustrates an example of a method for detecting the installation quality of permanent magnets in a permanent magnet synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various ways and is not limited to the specific examples described herein or shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0038] The descriptions of element positions in this document (such as "top", "bottom", "above", "below", "left", "right", etc.) are used only to indicate the relative orientation of elements in the accompanying drawings. These descriptions are exemplary only and are not limiting. In other embodiments, the orientation of the elements may differ or vary, which is also included within the scope of this disclosure.

[0039] Furthermore, terms such as “substantially,” “about,” and “roughly” are used herein as descriptive terms rather than as limitations on precision. These terms are intended to cover a reasonable range of error in manufacturing, installation, measurement, or calculation that would be recognizable to a person skilled in the art. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are used herein to indicate the presence of certain features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of other features, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof. Unless explicitly stated in the context, terms such as “first,” “second,” and similar terms do not indicate any priority or order, but are used solely to distinguish different elements in the description.

[0040] To further clarify, the terms "connection," "link," and similar terms used herein refer to the direct or indirect connection between two components. This connection can be fixed (e.g., permanent or non-removable) or movable (e.g., detachable or releasable). Connection methods include, but are not limited to: direct connection between two components, indirect connection via an intermediate component, and connection via an intermediate component integrally formed with one of the components. Furthermore, such connections can be mechanical, electrical, etc.

[0041] Next, refer to Figures 1 to 5 An exemplary embodiment of the permanent magnet installation quality inspection device for permanent magnet synchronous motors will be described.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the device generally includes at least a platform 100, a first stepper motor 200, a rotor fixing mechanism 300, a sensor adjusting mechanism 400, and a control system 500. The first stepper motor 200, the rotor fixing mechanism 300, the sensor adjusting mechanism 400, and the control system 500 are all mounted on the platform 100.

[0043] The rotor fixing mechanism 300 is used to fix the rotor 600 to be tested and is operatively connected to the first stepper motor 200, for example, through a coupling 102, so that the rotor 600 can rotate under the drive of the first stepper motor 200.

[0044] like Figure 5 As shown, the rotor 600 includes a plurality of permanent magnets 601. The permanent magnets are glued to the rotor, and the pressure block 602 is fixed between the permanent magnets by bolts 603. The edges of the permanent magnets are provided with small bevels, which can press and fix the permanent magnets.

[0045] The sensor adjustment mechanism 400 is equipped with a laser sensor 701, an acoustic sensor 702, a magnetic sensor 704, and a striking hammer 703 (see reference). Figure 3A The laser sensor 701 is used to detect the installation position of the permanent magnet 601 on the rotor 600; the hammer 703 is used to strike the pressure block 602 between the permanent magnets on the rotor 600 to produce sound, and the acoustic sensor 702 is used to collect the sound; the magnetic sensor 704 is used to detect the magnetic strength and magnetic poles of the permanent magnet 601 on the rotor 600.

[0046] The control system 500 is communicatively connected to the first stepper motor 200, laser sensor 701, acoustic sensor 702, magnetic sensor 704, and impact hammer 703, and is configured to: control the rotation of the rotor 600 and the striking operation of the impact hammer 703 during detection, receive test data from the laser sensor 701, acoustic sensor 702, and magnetic sensor 704, and analyze the test data to output test results.

[0047] In some implementations, reference Figure 1 , Figure 2A and Figure 2B The rotor fixing mechanism 300 includes a rotating disk 301, a connecting rod 302, a threaded rod 303, a fastening disk 304, and a fastening nut 305. The rotating disk 301 has a conical shape for engaging with the rotor 600 (see reference). Figure 4 One end of the connecting rod 302 is fixedly connected to the center position of the plane side of the cone, and the other end is operatively connected to the first stepper motor 200 via a coupling 102 (see reference). Figure 1 The connecting rod 302 is rotatably supported on the platform 100 via a bearing in the first bearing housing 101 (refer to Figure 2 and 3). Figure 4 A threaded rod 303 is fixedly connected to the top of the cone and extends from the top of the cone. A fastening disc 304 has a threaded through hole at its center that mates with the threaded rod 303. The rotor 600 is clamped between the fastening disc 304 and the conical surface of the rotating disc 301 (see reference). Figure 1 and Figure 4The fastening disc 304 and the rotor 600 are fixed on the conical surface by engaging the threaded rod with a fastening nut 305. The embodiment employs a conical rotating disc, whose conical surface is compatible with rotors of different inner diameters, giving the device of the present invention strong versatility and compatibility. Furthermore, this method of fixing the rotor to be tested exhibits adaptive coaxiality.

[0048] In some implementations, such as Figure 3A As shown, the sensor adjustment mechanism includes at least a base plate 410, a horizontal moving mechanism 420, a vertical lifting mechanism 430, a sensor mounting plate 440, a first adjustable rod 450, and a second adjustable rod 460. The horizontal moving mechanism 420 is supported on the base plate 410 and is used to move the laser sensor 701, acoustic sensor 702, magnetic sensor 704, and impact hammer 703 horizontally. The vertical lifting mechanism 430 is mounted on the horizontal moving mechanism 420 and is used to move the laser sensor 701, acoustic sensor 702, magnetic sensor 704, and impact hammer 703 vertically. The sensor mounting plate 440 is mounted on the vertical lifting mechanism 430 and can move not only vertically according to the vertical lifting mechanism 430 but also move together with the vertical lifting mechanism 430. The impact hammer 703 and magnetic sensor 704 are mounted on the sensor mounting plate; one end of the first adjustable rod 450 is mounted on the horizontal moving mechanism, and the other end is mounted on the laser sensor 701; one end of the second adjustable rod 460 is mounted on the horizontal moving mechanism, and the other end is mounted on the acoustic sensor 702. The first and second adjustable rods are flexible rods, allowing for arbitrary adjustment of the positions of the mounted sensors. Thus, through the horizontal moving mechanism 420, the vertical lifting mechanism 430, and the adjustable rods, the positions of the sensors, impact hammer, and other detection components can be adjusted to a suitable location for detecting the permanent magnet of the rotor 600.

[0049] In some implementations, such as Figure 3B As shown, the horizontal moving mechanism 420 includes at least a slide rail 411, a moving base 412, and a horizontal drive mechanism. The moving base 412 is an approximately "U"-shaped frame structure, with a central space through which the connecting rod 302 passes (see reference). Figure 4Two slide rails 411 are mounted on the base plate 410 and extend parallel to the connecting rod 302. The bottom of the movable base 412 is provided with two sliders 413 that respectively engage with the two slide rails 411, allowing the movable base 412 to move horizontally along the slide rails 411. A horizontal drive mechanism is operatively connected to the movable base 412 to drive it to move along the slide rails 411. The horizontal drive mechanism includes a first lead screw 414, a first nut 416, and a second stepper motor 417. Specifically, the first lead screw 414 is rotatably supported on the base plate 410 by bearings in two second bearing seats 415 and is parallel to the two slide rails 411 or the connecting rod 302. The first nut 416 is fitted onto the first lead screw 414 and engages with it (or is screwed into) the first lead screw, and is fixedly connected to the movable base 412. The second stepper motor 417 is communicatively connected to the control system 500 and operably connected to the first lead screw 414. Under the control of the control system 500, it drives the first lead screw 414 to rotate, so that the first nut 416 moves to the left or right (horizontal movement) along the lead screw, thereby driving the movable base 412 (together with the first adjustable rod 450 and the second adjustable rod 460) to move along the slide rail 411.

[0050] In some implementations, such as Figure 3B As shown, the vertical lifting mechanism 430 includes at least: a guide rod 421, a connecting plate 422, a second lead screw 423, a bearing 424, a second nut 425, and a third stepper motor 426. The two guide rods 421 are parallel to each other and spaced a predetermined distance apart. One end of each guide rod is fixedly mounted on the movable base 412, and the other end is supported and fixedly connected to the connecting plate 422. The second lead screw 423 is located between the two guide rods 421 and is parallel to each other. One end of the second lead screw 423 is connected to the bearing 424 mounted on the movable base 412, and the other end passes through the bearing mounted on the connecting plate 422 and is operatively connected to the third stepper motor 426 mounted on the connecting plate 422. The second nut 425 is fitted onto and engages with the second lead screw 423 and is fixedly mounted in the sensor mounting plate 440. The sensor mounting plate 440 has a base 441 and an extension 442 extending from the base. The base 441 has two guide rod holes and a nut mounting hole between them. The guide rod holes allow the guide rod 421 to pass through, and the second lead screw 423 passes through the nut mounting hole, where the second nut 425 is fixed. The hammer and magnetic sensor are mounted at the end of the extension 442. Thus, when the third stepper motor 426 drives the second lead screw 423 to rotate, the second nut 425 moves upward or downward along the second lead screw 423, thereby causing the sensor mounting plate 440 to move upward or downward.

[0051] Therefore, by driving the lead screw 414 to rotate forward or reverse via the second stepper motor 417, the vertical lifting mechanism 430 and the first adjustable rod 450 and second adjustable rod 460 mounted on the movable base 412 can be moved horizontally to the left or right, thereby adjusting the relative position (or distance) of the laser sensor 701, acoustic sensor 702, hammer 703, and magnetic sensor 704 with respect to the rotor 600 in the horizontal direction. By driving the lead screw 423 to rotate forward or reverse via the third stepper motor 426, the sensor mounting plate 440 can be moved upward or downward, thereby adjusting the relative position (or distance) of the hammer 703 and magnetic sensor 704 with respect to the rotor 600 in the vertical direction. Furthermore, based on this, the laser sensor 701 and acoustic sensor 702 can be further adjusted in any position via the first adjustable rod 450 and second adjustable rod 460, for example, by adjusting their angles.

[0052] After the positions of the detection components such as the sensor and the hammer are adjusted to their proper positions, the control system 500 can start the detection method process described in this embodiment of the invention.

[0053] In an exemplary embodiment, the control system 500 is implemented by a combination of hardware and software. As hardware, the control system 500 includes a computer and corresponding driving devices. The computer is used for program control, display, input, etc., and the driving devices are used to drive stepper motors. As software, the control system 500 includes an operating system, application programs, etc. In some embodiments, the computer includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores computer programs or computer-readable instructions, and the processor executes the computer programs or computer-readable instructions to implement the method described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] In an exemplary embodiment, the method includes configuring parameters for the control system 500, the parameters including: the rotational speed of the internal servo motor of the hammer, the single indexing rotation angle, the rotational speed of the first stepper motor, the predetermined number of rotations required to detect the magnetic force intensity, the axial movement step size of the second stepper motor, the magnetic force intensity deviation threshold, the compaction tightness threshold, and the displacement deviation threshold.

[0055] After the control system 500 is configured, the method further includes: the control system 500 controls the first stepper motor 200 to drive the rotor 600 to rotate in an indexing manner according to the configured parameters. For each step angle rotated by the first stepper motor, the laser sensor 701 performs a real-time laser distance test on the permanent magnet 601 of the rotor 600 to obtain laser test data. After each single indexing rotation angle, the impact hammer 703 and acoustic sensor 702 excite the pressing block of the permanent magnet 601 to obtain acoustic test data. The control system 500 controls the first stepper motor 200 to drive the rotor 600 to rotate continuously for a predetermined number of rotations according to the configured parameters. Simultaneously with the rotor rotation, the magnetic force sensor 704 performs real-time magnetic strength and magnetic pole tests on the permanent magnet to obtain magnetic force test data. The control system 500 summarizes the laser test data, acoustic test data, and magnetic force test data to comprehensively evaluate the installation quality of the permanent magnet.

[0056] In some implementations, such as Figure 6 As shown, the control system 500 controls the first stepper motor 200 to drive the rotor to perform indexing rotation according to the configured parameters, including: S11, the control system 500 causes the first stepper motor 200 to rotate at a configured rotation speed, and simultaneously counts the encoder pulses of the motor; S12, the current rotation angle of the rotor 600 is obtained based on the count of the encoder pulses; S13, based on the current rotation angle of the rotor, it is determined whether the rotor has completed the configured single-stroke indexing rotation angle. If the determination is no, step S11 is continued; if the determination is yes, rotation is stopped and the excitation acoustic test is performed, and then step S14 is executed; S14, based on the current rotation angle, it is determined whether the rotor has rotated one revolution. If the determination is yes, the laser distance test and excitation acoustic test are terminated; otherwise, step S11 is executed. This embodiment of the invention constructs a closed-loop control logic for rotor indexing rotation based on the real-time feedback of the stepper motor encoder, which can dynamically correct rotation angle deviations.

[0057] In some implementations, such as Figure 7As shown, the excitation acoustic test includes: S21, the control system 500 controls the servo motor inside the hammer 703 to rotate according to the configured rotation speed, driving the hammer head of the hammer 703 to strike the surface of the pressure block 602 of the permanent magnet 601, and the acoustic response signal generated by the strike is collected by the acoustic sensor 702; S22, the acoustic response signal is preprocessed to filter out valid frames; S23, the envelope of the valid frame signal is calculated; S24, it is determined whether the envelope exhibits multi-peak bounce during the attenuation process. If so, it is determined to be a continuous strike and the test is repeated. If step S21 is not executed, proceed to step S25; S25: Perform Fourier transform on the effective frame signal of the acoustic response signal to obtain its spectrum; S26: Normalize the spectrum within the effective bandwidth to obtain a normalized spectrum; S27: Calculate based on the normalized spectrum to extract dynamic characteristic parameters including natural frequency, spectral energy distribution, and dynamic stiffness; S28: Input the dynamic characteristic parameters into a trained CNN model, which outputs the compaction tightness evaluation value of the permanent magnet, and the acoustic test data includes the compaction tightness evaluation value. In this embodiment of the invention, a controllable force hammer is used to perform normalized excitation on the area near the compaction block. Acoustic sensors are used to test the acoustic response signal generated by the impact, and the local modal parameters of the mechanical structure are calculated. The tightness state of the permanent magnet compaction block is determined by the mapping curve relationship between the change in modal parameters and the tightness of the compaction block.

[0058] In some implementations, such as Figure 8 As shown, the real-time magnetic strength and pole testing of the permanent magnet by the magnetic sensor while the rotor is rotating includes: S31, the control system causes the first stepper motor 200 to rotate at a configured rotation speed, and counts the encoder pulses of the motor; S32, the current rotation angle of the rotor 600 is obtained according to the count of the encoder pulses, and the magnetic strength and pole information corresponding to the current rotation angle of the rotor measured by the magnetic sensor are recorded; S33, it is determined whether the rotor has rotated one revolution according to the current rotation angle. If it is determined not to, step S31 is continued; otherwise, the rotor rotation count is incremented by one; S34, it is determined whether the rotor rotation count has reached the predetermined number of rotations. If it is determined not to, step S35 is executed; otherwise, the process ends; S35, the axial measuring point position of the rotor is adjusted by the second stepper motor 417 according to the configured axial movement step size, and then step S31 is executed again.

[0059] In some embodiments, the control system aggregates the laser test data, acoustic test data, and magnetic test data by: fitting the laser test data to generate a side profile curve of the outer edge of the permanent magnet; fitting the magnetic test data to generate magnetic intensity distribution spatial surface data; extracting the number of magnetic poles and their distribution order from the magnetic test data; and obtaining the tightness evaluation value of each pressing block of the permanent magnet from the acoustic test data.

[0060] In some embodiments, the comprehensive evaluation of the permanent magnet installation quality includes: calculating the maximum displacement deviation of the outer edge side profile curve of the permanent magnet and comparing it with the displacement deviation threshold; calculating the maximum deviation between the measured value and the standard value of the magnetic intensity distribution spatial surface and comparing it with the magnetic intensity deviation threshold; comparing the tightness assessment value of each pressure block with the pressure block tightness threshold; verifying whether the number of magnetic poles and the distribution order are correct; and outputting the comparison results and the verification results as test results. In some embodiments, the number of magnetic pole reversals is counted using test data from a magnetic sensor, and the count value is compared with a preset threshold (i.e., a set number of magnetic pole reversals) to determine whether the number of magnetic poles and the distribution order are accurate.

[0061] Based on the above implementation methods, the present invention constructs a multi-sensor linkage detection system, which synchronously collects magnetic field strength, laser displacement, and acoustic signals. Through real-time monitoring of multi-source data, it realizes integrated automatic detection of four key indicators: permanent magnet magnetic strength, magnetic pole arrangement, installation position, and clamping block tightness, and comprehensively evaluates the installation quality of permanent magnets.

[0062] The following further combines Figures 9 to 12 The method for detecting the installation quality of permanent magnets in a permanent magnet synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail. The method includes the following steps.

[0063] Step S601, Assembly and debugging Figure 1 The device shown ensures that all components are securely connected and function properly. The rotor 600 with the assembled permanent magnet is fitted into the conical structure of the rotating disk 301, and the rotor is coaxially fixed by the fastening disk 304 and the fastening nut 305, so that the rotor 600 has no radial or axial displacement during rotation.

[0064] In step S602, after installing the rotor 600, the position of the detection element needs to be adjusted. The control system controls the second stepper motor 417 to drive the first lead screw 414 to rotate, thereby adjusting the axial position of the movable base 412 relative to the rotor 600; the control system controls the third stepper motor 426 to drive the matching second lead screw 423 to rotate, thereby adjusting the vertical position of the sensor mounting plate 440; the control system controls the first stepper motor 200 to drive the rotor 600 to rotate, adjusting the initial test position. Through the above operations, the relative position of the impact hammer 703 and the rotor 600 is adjusted. For example, the hammer head of the impact hammer 703 is positioned 5mm directly below a pressure block 601, and the magnetic sensor 704 is positioned approximately 10mm below the pressure block. In addition, the positions of the laser sensor 701 and the acoustic sensor 702 are adjusted using the first adjustable rod 450 and the second adjustable rod 460. After adjustment, the acoustic sensor 702 is close to the hammer 703 and located in the effective acoustic detection area near the hammer impact point; the laser sensor 701 is parallel to the axis of the rotating disk 301, and the laser measuring point is adjusted to fall on the side of the outer edge of the permanent magnet, with a measurement distance of about 30mm.

[0065] Next, the parameters of the control system 500 are configured. The configured parameters include: the rotation speed v of the internal servo motor of the hammer (used to control the striking force); the single indexing rotation angle α=π / n (n is the number of permanent magnets, consistent with the number of fastening blocks) (to ensure that the hammer's impact point is always on the blocks); the rotation speed of the first stepper motor and the number of rotations N for detecting magnetic strength (to control the test cycle and total duration); the axial movement step size of the second stepper motor; the magnetic strength deviation threshold, the block tightness threshold, the distance deviation threshold, etc. (used for evaluating the permanent magnet installation quality indicators).

[0066] The testing process is divided into two phases: Phase 1 and Phase 2. Phase 1 involves laser distance testing and excitation acoustic testing, while Phase 2 involves testing the magnetic strength and pole characteristics of the permanent magnets. Laser distance testing is used to detect axial positional deviations and circumferential runouts in the permanent magnet installation. Excitation acoustic testing is used to detect any abnormalities in the tightness of the clamping blocks inside the rotor.

[0067] Step S603: First, proceed to test phase 1, which includes laser distance testing and excitation acoustic testing.

[0068] In step S604, under the control of the control system 500, the first stepper motor 200 rotates at a set speed, driving the rotating disk 301 and the rotor 600 to rotate synchronously through the coupling 102.

[0069] Step S605: Real-time motor encoder pulse counting is performed to obtain the current rotation angle information of rotor 600.

[0070] Step S606: Confirm whether the current stage is test phase 1. If yes, proceed to step S607; otherwise, proceed to step S611, i.e., enter test phase 2.

[0071] In step S607, for each step angle rotated by the first step motor 200, a laser distance test is performed on the permanent magnet by a laser sensor, and the outer edge position contour information of the permanent magnet corresponding to the current rotation angle of the rotor is recorded.

[0072] In step S608, the current rotor angle information is obtained by counting pulses from the motor encoder, and then it is determined whether the single indexing rotation angle α has been completed, that is, whether the detection station of the adjacent pressure block has been reached. If not, proceed to step S604; if yes, proceed to step S609.

[0073] Step S609: Perform an excitation acoustic test to obtain acoustic test data, including the tightness of the permanent magnet clamping block.

[0074] Step S610: Based on the current rotor angle information, determine whether test phase 1 has rotated one revolution. If not, proceed to step S604 to drive the stepper motor, count encoder pulses, perform laser distance detection on the outer edge side of each permanent magnet, and perform acoustic excitation testing on each pressure block. If yes, proceed to step S611.

[0075] Step S611: Enter test phase 2, that is, begin the test of the magnetic strength and magnetic poles of the permanent magnet.

[0076] In step S612, while the rotor is rotating, the magnetic force sensor measures and records the magnetic force intensity and magnetic pole information corresponding to the current rotation angle of the rotor in real time, and transmits the data to the control system.

[0077] Step S613: Based on the current rotor angle information, determine whether test phase 2 has rotated one revolution. If not, proceed to step S604, drive the first stepper motor, count encoder pulses, and then proceed to step S611 via step S606 to continue execution. If yes, proceed to step S614.

[0078] Step S614: According to the configured parameter of the axial movement step size of the second stepper motor, control the second stepper motor 417, adjust the axial position of the measuring point through the second stepper motor 417, so that it moves by step size dX, and increase the number of rotations n in test phase 2 by 1. Step S615: Determine if the number of rotations n is greater than N. If not, proceed to step S604; if yes, end test phase 2. At this point, N rotations of magnetic sensor data have been obtained, including the magnetic field strength distribution and magnetic pole information of the permanent magnet.

[0079] Step S616: After the completion of test phase 2, the calculation of test index evaluation begins.

[0080] refer to Figure 11 The calculation of the test index evaluation includes: In steps S801 to S802, the control system 500 summarizes all test data, fits the laser distance test data and magnetic force test data, generates the side profile curve of the outer edge of the permanent magnet, the spatial surface data of the magnetic intensity distribution, and the magnetic pole information, and summarizes the quantitative evaluation value of the permanent magnet clamping block generated by the excitation acoustic test.

[0081] Steps S803 to S805: Calculate the maximum deviation δ of the side profile curve of the outer edge of the permanent magnet. 位移 The maximum deviation δ between the measured value and the standard value of the magnetic intensity distribution spatial surface 磁强 Magnetic pole number N 磁强翻转 and distribution order.

[0082] Steps S806 to S809, evaluation of test indicators: δ 位移 δ 磁强 N 磁强翻转 Compare with their respective pre-set thresholds (including the pre-set thresholds corresponding to an excellent rating, and the thresholds corresponding to a qualified or unqualified rating), and record the results.

[0083] Step S810: Combining the measurement results and indicators such as permanent magnet installation dimensions, magnetic intensity fluctuation deviation, magnetic pole number distribution, and permanent magnet clamping block tightness, complete the comprehensive evaluation of installation quality and output the test results.

[0084] In some implementations, the comprehensive evaluation of permanent magnet installation quality adopts a percentage system, with weights allocated to permanent magnet installation dimensions (20 points), magnetic intensity fluctuation deviation (20 points), magnetic pole number distribution (30 points), and permanent magnet clamping block tightness (30 points). Each indicator is scored in conjunction with the comparison results of steps S806-S809. If there are any veto items such as excessive permanent magnet installation dimension deviation, excessive magnetic intensity deviation, incorrect magnetic pole number distribution, or insufficient clamping block tightness, the result is directly judged as unqualified. Finally, the total score is divided into four levels: excellent (90-100 points), qualified (70-89 points), requiring rectification (50-69 points), and unqualified (<50 points), and detailed indicator information and rectification suggestions are output simultaneously.

[0085] Among them, such as Figure 10 As shown, the excitation acoustic test performed in step S609 includes: In step S701, the control system 500 controls the servo motor inside the striking hammer 703 to rotate rapidly at a set speed, causing the hammer head to extend and strike the surface of the pressure block 601. During the latter half of the servo motor's rotation, the hammer head retracts.

[0086] In step S702, the acoustic response signal generated after the local mechanical structure of the pressing block is struck is acquired and collected by an acoustic sensor.

[0087] Step S703: After preprocessing the acoustic response signal, including triggering, truncation, and windowing, valid frames of the acoustic response signal are selected for subsequent analysis. The triggering process includes: determining the starting point of the acoustic response signal using a threshold to avoid collecting background noise before excitation; simultaneously, taking a certain time interval prior to that point to prevent missing initial response information; the truncation and windowing process includes: extracting a fixed-length time-domain segment from the triggered acoustic response signal to include sufficiently effective acoustic response time-domain information; and, to reduce energy leakage during Fourier transform, multiplying the truncated time-domain signal point-by-point using an exponential window function, i.e., applying an exponential window.

[0088] Step S704: Calculate the envelope of the effective frames of the acoustic response signal. The envelope is an exponential curve of attenuation.

[0089] Step S705: Determine whether it is a continuous strike based on the envelope. If multiple peaks rebound during the attenuation process, it indicates that the excitation hammer is continuously striking. In this case, proceed to step S706, reset the servo motor steering angle, and then jump to step S701 to repeat the striking action. If there is no continuous strike, continue with subsequent data processing. The subsequent data processing includes: Fourier transform, characteristic frequency band standardization, dynamic characteristic parameter extraction, and AI model-state recognition.

[0090] Step S707, Fourier transform: Transform the acoustic response signal from the time domain to the frequency domain spectral form.

[0091] Step S708, Characteristic frequency band normalization: The spectrum is normalized by energy within the effective bandwidth (e.g., the bandwidth of the modal characteristic frequency set 500Hz to 5kHz) to obtain the normalized spectrum.

[0092] Step S709, Extraction of dynamic characteristic parameters: Calculate the normalized spectrum to obtain dynamic characteristic parameters such as natural frequency, spectral energy distribution, and dynamic stiffness.

[0093] Step S710, AI Model - State Recognition: Based on a machine learning CNN model, the dynamic characteristic parameters of the pressed block and permanent magnet structure are used as input, including key indicators reflecting the compaction state of the pressed block such as natural frequency, spectral energy distribution, and dynamic stiffness. The model deeply extracts and analyzes these characteristic parameters to ultimately output a quantitative evaluation value of the compaction degree of the permanent magnet pressed block. In some implementations, the evaluation of the compaction degree of the permanent magnet pressed block using machine learning methods (CNN model) is divided into two parts: laboratory model construction and field measurement. For example, as... Figure 12As shown, in the laboratory model construction stage, permanent magnet clamping test samples were first prepared and grouped according to four target clamping states: "loose, slightly loose, normal, and abnormal characteristics." Then, a standardized excitation was applied to each group of samples using mechanical tapping, and acoustic response signals were simultaneously acquired. Wavelet threshold denoising and signal averaging were performed on the original signals to reduce random interference. Subsequent signal preprocessing included: triggering truncation to obtain complete and valid acoustic response time-domain data segments; applying an exponential window to suppress spectral leakage; calculating the natural frequencies and frequency intervals between natural frequencies based on the spectral data of the acoustic response signal through peak finding; calculating the damping coefficient based on the spectral shape at the natural frequencies; and calculating the 1 / 3 octave band normalized spectrum of the acoustic response signal within the bandwidth based on the normalized spectrum. Next, these dynamic feature parameters reflecting the tightness are divided into training and validation sets according to the CNN model adaptation format (such as 1D feature vectors or 2D spectrograms). These sets are then input into the CNN model for iterative training. Simultaneously, the model performance is evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, precision, and recall, calculated using the confusion matrix. Parameters such as convolutional kernel size and the number of nodes in fully connected layers are continuously optimized until the model accuracy meets the evaluation requirements. In the field testing phase, the permanent magnet compact structure to be evaluated is first excited, and acoustic response signals are simultaneously acquired. The measured data undergoes the processing described in S707 to S709 above to extract dynamic feature parameters, which are then input into the trained CNN model. The model outputs corresponding state labels from "loose," "slightly loose," "normal," and "feature abnormality" through deep feature matching and classification, ultimately completing the quantitative evaluation of the permanent magnet compact's tightness.

[0094] Step S711: After the data analysis is completed, the servo motor is reset, completing the single-excitation acoustic test.

[0095] This invention, based on excitation acoustics, accurately captures parameter changes in local modes of a mechanical structure through standardized impact and acoustic measurement, thereby reflecting the tightness of the permanent magnet clamping block. Compared to the inherent subjectivity of manual judgment by touch and the significant influence of friction factors on torque wrench detection, this method can more comprehensively and accurately assess the looseness of the permanent magnet clamping block.

[0096] Those skilled in the art should understand that the above disclosure is merely illustrative of embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of patent protection claimed in this application is not limited thereto. Various modifications, alterations, substitutions, and other changes can be made to the embodiments disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and such changes are within the scope covered by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A device for detecting the installation quality of permanent magnets in a permanent magnet synchronous motor, characterized in that, include: platform; A first stepper motor is mounted on the platform; A rotor fixing mechanism, located on the platform, is used to fix the rotor to be tested, and the rotor fixing mechanism is operatively connected to the first stepper motor so that the rotor to be tested can rotate under the drive of the first stepper motor; A sensor adjustment mechanism is mounted on the platform. The sensor adjustment mechanism is equipped with a laser sensor, an acoustic sensor, a magnetic sensor, and a hammer. The laser sensor is used to detect the installation position of the permanent magnet on the rotor under test. The hammer is used to strike the pressure block between the permanent magnets on the rotor under test to produce sound. The acoustic sensor is used to collect the sound. The magnetic sensor is used to detect the magnetic strength and magnetic poles of the permanent magnet on the rotor under test. as well as The control system is communicatively connected to the first stepper motor, sensor adjustment mechanism, laser sensor, acoustic sensor, magnetic sensor, and impact hammer, and is configured to: control the rotation of the rotor under test and the striking operation of the impact hammer during testing; receive test data from the laser sensor, acoustic sensor, and magnetic sensor; and analyze the test data to output test results.

2. The permanent magnet synchronous motor permanent magnet installation quality detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotor fixing mechanism includes: A rotating disk having a cone shape for engaging with the rotor to be tested; A connecting rod, which is rotatably supported on the platform by bearings, has one end fixedly connected to the center position of the plane side of the cone, and the other end operatively connected to the first stepper motor; A threaded rod, which is fixedly connected to the top of the cone and extends from the top of the cone; A fastening disc having a threaded hole at its center that mates with the threaded rod, wherein the rotor to be tested is clamped between the fastening disc and the conical surface of the cone; and A fastening nut engages with the threaded rod to secure the fastening disc and the rotor to be tested onto the cone.

3. The permanent magnet synchronous motor permanent magnet installation quality detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sensor adjustment mechanism includes: substrate; A horizontal moving mechanism, supported on the base plate, is used to move the laser sensor, acoustic sensor, magnetic sensor, and hammer horizontally. A vertical lifting mechanism, which is mounted on the horizontal moving mechanism, is used to move the laser sensor, acoustic sensor, magnetic sensor and impact hammer up and down; A sensor mounting plate is mounted on the lifting mechanism, and the hammer and magnetic sensor are mounted on the sensor mounting plate. A first adjustable rod, one end of which is mounted on the horizontal moving mechanism, and the other end of which is mounted on the laser sensor; and The second adjustable rod has one end mounted on the horizontal moving mechanism and the other end mounted on an acoustic sensor.

4. The permanent magnet synchronous motor permanent magnet installation quality detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The horizontal movement mechanism includes: Two slide rails extending axially along the connecting rod are disposed on the base plate. A movable base, with two sliders at its bottom that respectively cooperate with the two slide rails, allowing the movable base to move along the slide rails; and A horizontal drive mechanism, operatively connected to the movable base, drives the movable base to move along the slide rail; The horizontal drive mechanism includes: The first lead screw is arranged on the base plate parallel to one of the two slide rails via two bearing seats; The first nut is fitted onto and engages with the first lead screw, and is fixedly connected to the movable base; The second stepper motor is communicatively connected to the control system and operably connected to the first lead screw. Under the control of the control system, it drives the first lead screw to rotate, so that the first nut moves along the first lead screw, thereby driving the movable base to move along the slide rail.

5. The permanent magnet synchronous motor permanent magnet installation quality detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The vertical lifting mechanism includes: Two optical rods are fixedly installed on the movable base with one end of each rod spaced a predetermined distance apart, and the other end of each rod is supported and fixedly connected to the connecting plate. The second lead screw is located between the two optical rods, with one end connected to the bearing mounted on the movable base and the other end passing through the bearing mounted on the connecting plate. A second nut, which is fitted onto and engages with the second lead screw; and A third stepper motor is mounted on the connecting plate and is operatively connected to one end of the second lead screw that passes through the connecting plate.

6. The permanent magnet synchronous motor permanent magnet installation quality detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sensor mounting plate has a base and an extension extending from the base; The base is provided with two optical rod holes and a nut mounting hole located between them. The optical rod holes are for the optical rod to pass through, the second lead screw passes through the nut mounting hole, and the second nut is fixed in the nut mounting hole. The hammer and magnetic sensor are mounted at the end of the extension.

7. A method for detecting the installation quality of permanent magnets in a permanent magnet synchronous motor, comprising using the permanent magnet installation quality detection device for a permanent magnet synchronous motor as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that... The method includes: The control system is configured with parameters including: the rotation speed of the internal servo motor of the hammer, the single indexing rotation angle, the rotation speed of the first stepper motor, the predetermined number of rotations required to detect the magnetic force intensity, the axial movement step length of the second stepper motor, the magnetic force intensity deviation threshold, the pressure block tightness threshold, and the displacement deviation threshold. The control system controls the first stepper motor to drive the rotor to perform indexing rotation according to the configured parameters. Each time the first stepper motor rotates by one step angle, the laser sensor performs laser distance testing on the permanent magnet to obtain laser test data. After each single indexing rotation angle, the hammer and acoustic sensor perform excitation acoustic testing on the pressing block of the permanent magnet to obtain acoustic test data. The control system controls the first stepper motor to drive the rotor to rotate continuously a predetermined number of revolutions according to the configured parameters. Simultaneously, the magnetic sensor performs real-time magnetic strength and pole measurements on the permanent magnet to obtain magnetic test data. The control system summarizes the laser test data, acoustic test data, and magnetic force test data to comprehensively evaluate the installation quality of the permanent magnet.

8. The method for detecting the installation quality of permanent magnets in a permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The control system controls the first stepper motor to drive the rotor to perform indexing rotation according to the configured parameters, including: S11, the control system causes the first stepper motor to rotate at a configured rotational speed, and simultaneously counts the encoder pulses of the motor; S12, the current rotation angle of the rotor is obtained based on the count of the encoder pulses; S13, determine whether the rotor has completed the configured single-index rotation angle based on the current rotation angle of the rotor. If the determination is no, continue to execute step S11. If the determination is yes, stop the rotor from rotating and execute the excitation acoustic test, and then execute step S14. S14. Determine whether the rotor has rotated one revolution based on the current rotation angle. If yes, end the laser distance test and excitation acoustic test; otherwise, proceed to step S11.

9. The method for detecting the installation quality of permanent magnets in a permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 8, characterized in that, The excitation acoustic test includes: S21, the control system controls the internal servo motor of the hammer to rotate according to the configured rotation speed, which drives the hammer head to strike the surface of the permanent magnet pressing block, and the acoustic response signal generated by the strike is collected by the acoustic sensor; S22, preprocess the acoustic response signal and filter out valid frames; S23, Calculate the envelope of the valid frame signal; S24, determine whether the envelope exhibits multi-peak rebound during the attenuation process; if so, determine it as continuous hitting and re-execute step S21; otherwise, execute step S25. S25, Perform a Fourier transform on the effective frame signal of the acoustic response signal to obtain its spectrum; S26, Energy normalize the spectrum within the effective bandwidth to obtain a normalized spectrum; S27, based on the standardized spectrum, is used to extract dynamic characteristic parameters including natural frequency, spectral energy distribution, and dynamic stiffness; S28, the dynamic characteristic parameters are input into the trained CNN model, and the model outputs the compaction tightness evaluation value of the permanent magnet. The acoustic test data includes the compaction tightness evaluation value.

10. The method for detecting the installation quality of permanent magnets in a permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 9, characterized in that, While the rotor is rotating, the magnetic sensor performs real-time tests on the magnetic strength and magnetic poles of the permanent magnet, including: S31, the control system causes the first stepper motor to rotate at a configured rotational speed, and simultaneously counts the encoder pulses of the motor; S32, the current rotation angle of the rotor is obtained according to the count of the encoder pulses, and the magnetic intensity and magnetic pole information corresponding to the current rotation angle of the rotor measured by the magnetic sensor are recorded; S33, determine whether the rotor has rotated one revolution based on the current rotation angle. If it is determined that it has not rotated one revolution, continue to execute step S31; otherwise, increment the count of the number of rotor revolutions by one. S34, determine whether the count value of the rotor rotation revolutions has reached the predetermined number of rotation revolutions, and if the determination is no, execute step S35, otherwise end the process; S35, by using the second stepper motor to adjust the axial measuring point position of the rotor according to the configured axial movement step size, and then restarting the execution of step S31.

11. The method for detecting the installation quality of permanent magnets in a permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 10, characterized in that, The control system aggregates the laser test data, acoustic test data, and magnetic test data, including: The laser test data is fitted to generate the outer edge side profile curve of the permanent magnet; The magnetic force test data is fitted to generate magnetic intensity distribution spatial surface data; Extract the number and distribution order of magnetic poles from the magnetic test data; and The tightness assessment value of each pressing block of the permanent magnet is obtained from the acoustic test data.

12. The method for detecting the installation quality of permanent magnets in a permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 11, characterized in that, The comprehensive evaluation of the permanent magnet installation quality includes: Calculate the maximum displacement deviation of the side profile curve of the outer edge of the permanent magnet and compare it with the displacement deviation threshold. Calculate the maximum deviation between the measured value and the standard value of the magnetic intensity distribution spatial surface, and compare it with the magnetic intensity deviation threshold. Compare the tightness assessment value of each pressure block with the tightness threshold value of the pressure block; Verify that the number and distribution order of the magnetic poles are correct; and The results of the comparison and the results of the verification are output as test results.

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