Four-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle power management branch circuit over-current plate

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle power supplies and electronic speed controllers, in particular to a four-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle power management branch circuit overcurrent plate, which comprises a power management voltage reduction plate and a branch overcurrent plate, and is characterized in that a voltage reduction plate mounting welding disc is arranged in the center of the upper surface of the branch overcurrent plate, and the power management voltage reduction plate is welded on the voltage reduction plate mounting welding disc; the distribution over-current plate is of a square structure, electronic speed regulator wiring bonding pads are arranged at the four corners of the distribution over-current plate, an output wiring bonding pad is arranged at the front end of the distribution over-current plate, a flight controller connecting terminal is welded to the rear end of the distribution over-current plate, and battery wiring bonding pads are arranged at the left end and the right end of the distribution over-current plate. The invention provides a power distribution scheme which is high in performance, high in reliability, controllable in cost and excellent in thermal management capability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power supply and ESC technology for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), specifically to a power management subcircuit overcurrent board for a quadcopter UAV. Background Technology

[0002] In quadcopter UAV systems, all four motors need to be powered simultaneously, and the high-power motors must withstand significant current during operation. This increased current leads to substantial heating of the wires and motor windings, exacerbating the temperature rise. Existing power supplies and electronic speed controllers have limited thermal management measures for continuous high-current operation, and their heat dissipation designs are often inadequate, easily causing overheating of the motors and electronic speed controllers. Overheating affects magnet performance and coil resistance, leading to thrust fluctuations, reduced efficiency, and even triggering thermal protection, causing operational interruptions and impacting flight stability and equipment reliability. Current technologies mostly employ protective power reduction strategies after temperature rise occurs, rather than addressing the root cause of overheating, which has significant limitations.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of power distribution board for quadcopter drones, which can provide an effective solution to the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a power management sub-circuit overcurrent board for quadcopter drones to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A power management circuit board for a quadcopter drone includes a power management step-down board and a power distribution circuit board. The power distribution circuit board has a step-down board mounting pad at its center on its upper surface, and the power management step-down board is soldered onto this pad. The power distribution circuit board has a square structure, with electronic speed controller wiring pads at each of its four corners, an output wiring pad at its front end, a flight controller connection terminal soldered to its rear end, and battery wiring pads at its left and right ends.

[0007] Furthermore, the current distribution board supports a current of 400A.

[0008] Furthermore, the current distribution board is a 6-layer PCB board.

[0009] Furthermore, the power management step-down board is a 4-layer PCB board.

[0010] Furthermore, the power management step-down board supports an input voltage of 5V-60V and an output voltage of 12V and 5V.

[0011] Furthermore, the battery wiring pad is connected to a 4-12S battery.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0013] This invention addresses the overheating problem caused by high current overcurrent by employing separate soldering of the power management step-down board and the current distribution board. On one hand, the stacked board design prevents the temperature of the current distribution board from easily transferring to the power management step-down board; on the other hand, the current distribution board has more copper plating space, reducing heat generation at its source; simultaneously, the stacked board design allows for cheaper PCB manufacturing processes. Through its hardware architecture and stacked board design, this invention effectively solves the heat generation bottleneck of quadcopter drones under high current conditions, providing a high-performance, high-reliability, cost-effective power distribution solution with excellent thermal management capabilities. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overcurrent board of a power management subcircuit for a quadcopter drone.

[0015] Figure 2 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the overcurrent board of a power management subcircuit for a quadcopter drone.

[0016] Figure 3 This is the first layer wiring diagram of the power management step-down board;

[0017] Figure 4 This is the second layer wiring diagram for the power management step-down board;

[0018] Figure 5 This is the wiring diagram for the third layer of the power management step-down board;

[0019] Figure 6 This is the wiring diagram for the fourth layer of the power management step-down board;

[0020] Figure 7 This is the first layer wiring diagram of the current distribution board;

[0021] Figure 8 This is the second layer wiring diagram of the current distribution board;

[0022] Figure 9 This is the wiring diagram for the third layer of the current distribution board;

[0023] Figure 10 This is the wiring diagram for the fourth layer of the current distribution board;

[0024] Figure 11 This is the wiring diagram for the fifth layer of the current distribution board;

[0025] Figure 12 This is the wiring diagram for the sixth layer of the current distribution board;

[0026] Figure 13 A rendering of the overall overcurrent board of a power management subcircuit for a quadcopter drone;

[0027] Figure 14 An exploded rendering of a current board for a power management sub-circuit of a quadcopter drone;

[0028] Figure 15 A rendering of a power management step-down board;

[0029] Figure 16 This is a wiring diagram of an overcurrent board for a power management subcircuit of a quadcopter drone.

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Power distribution overcurrent board; 2. Power management step-down board; 103. Electronic speed controller wiring pad; 102. Output wiring pad; 101. Flight controller connection terminal; 104. Battery wiring pad. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1-16 A power management circuit overcurrent board for a quadcopter drone includes a power management step-down board 2 and a power distribution overcurrent board 1. The center of the upper surface of the power distribution overcurrent board 1 is provided with a step-down board mounting pad, and the power management step-down board 2 is soldered on the step-down board mounting pad. The power distribution overcurrent board 1 has a square structure. Electronic speed controller wiring pads 103 are provided at the four corners of the power distribution overcurrent board 1. The front end of the power distribution overcurrent board 1 is provided with an output wiring pad 102. The rear end of the power distribution overcurrent board 1 is soldered with a flight controller connection terminal 101. Battery wiring pads 104 are provided at both the left and right ends of the power distribution overcurrent board 1.

[0033] The current distribution board 1 supports 400A of current.

[0034] The current distribution board 1 is a 6-layer PCB board.

[0035] The power management step-down board 2 is a 4-layer PCB board.

[0036] The power management step-down board 2 supports input voltage of 5V-60V and output voltage of 12V and 5V.

[0037] Connect the battery wiring pad 104 to the 4-12S battery.

[0038] Working principle of this embodiment:

[0039] The present invention consists of two parts, a current distribution board 1 and a power management step-down board 2, which are assembled into a whole by stacking and welding. They work together to solve the problems of heat generation and power supply under high current conditions.

[0040] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 16 The drone's power battery supports 4-12S positive and negative terminal connections to the battery wiring pads 104 at both ends of the power distribution and overcurrent board 1. A large current enters the system through this connection. The power distribution and overcurrent board 1, as the core carrier of the high-current path, distributes the large current input from the battery to the four electronic speed controllers (ESCs) with no or low loss. The current flows through the thick copper layer inside the board to the ESC wiring pads 103 at the four corners, and then drives the four motors through wires. The ultra-large overcurrent support capacity of 400A ensures that even under high power demands, the board itself will not become a current bottleneck.

[0041] The total battery voltage is fed to a power management step-down board 2 soldered to the upper surface of the current distribution board 1. This step-down board is a wide-input DC-DC switching power supply module with a voltage range of 5V-60V. Its internal circuitry efficiently converts the unstable battery input voltage into stable and clean 12V and 5V DC voltages through high-frequency switching and filtering by inductors and capacitors. The generated 12V voltage is typically used to power the circuitry of the electronic speed controller (ESC) itself or peripherals such as the image transmission system; the 5V voltage is output through the flight controller connection terminal 101, providing stable power to the flight controller and core low-power devices such as receivers and sensors.

[0042] The current distribution board supports 400A overcurrent and uses a 6-layer PCB. A 4-layer power management step-down board is added. This allows for greater current carrying capacity and lower temperature on the baseboard. The manufacturing process is also simplified. The effect is that by using a 6-layer PCB current distribution board and a large-area copper plating process, the on-resistance of the high-current path is reduced to an extremely low level. According to Joule's law Q=I... 2 When the resistance R and current I remain constant, even a slight decrease in resistance R will reduce the heat generation Q by a square factor. This effectively suppresses heat generation at its source, avoiding problems such as magnet performance degradation, increased coil resistance, thrust fluctuations, decreased efficiency, and thermal shutdown caused by overheating of the motor and ESC, thus greatly improving flight stability and equipment reliability.

[0043] This embodiment solves the overheating problem caused by high current overcurrent by using separate soldering of the power management buck board and the current distribution board. On the one hand, the stacked board design prevents the temperature of the current distribution board from being easily conducted to the power management buck board; on the other hand, the current distribution board has more copper plating space, which can reduce heat generation at the source; at the same time, the board manufacturing process of the stacked board design can be made cheaper. This embodiment effectively solves the heat generation bottleneck of quadcopter UAVs under high current conditions through hardware architecture and stacked board design, and provides a high-performance, high-reliability, cost-controllable power distribution solution with excellent thermal management capabilities.

Claims

1. A power management sub-circuit overcurrent board for a quadcopter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), characterized in that: Includes a power management step-down board (2) and a power distribution overcurrent board (1): The power distribution current board (1) has a step-down board mounting pad at the center of its upper surface, and the power management step-down board (2) is welded onto the step-down board mounting pad. The power distribution overcurrent plate (1) has a square structure. Electronic speed controller wiring pads (103) are provided at the four corners of the power distribution overcurrent plate (1). Output wiring pads (102) are provided at the front end of the power distribution overcurrent plate (1). Flight controller connection terminals (101) are welded to the rear end of the power distribution overcurrent plate (1). Battery wiring pads (104) are provided at both the left and right ends of the power distribution overcurrent plate (1).

2. The power management sub-circuit overcurrent board for a quadcopter UAV according to claim 1, characterized in that: The current distribution board (1) supports a current of 400A.

3. The power management sub-circuit overcurrent board for a quadcopter UAV according to claim 1, characterized in that: The current distribution board (1) is a 6-layer PCB board.

4. The power management sub-circuit overcurrent board for a quadcopter UAV according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power management step-down board (2) is a 4-layer PCB board.

5. The power management sub-circuit overcurrent board for a quadcopter UAV according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power management step-down board (2) supports an input voltage of 5V-60V and an output voltage of 12V and 5V.

6. The power management sub-circuit overcurrent board for a quadcopter UAV according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery wiring pad (104) is connected to a 4-12S battery.

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