Cultivation method for improving inorganic phosphorus conversion of tea tree soil and improving tea quality by utilizing root system separation

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving tea tree soil inorganic phosphorus conversion and tea quality through root system separation, and belongs to the technical field of tea tree cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) fattening soil; (2) preparing a root system separation bag: selecting a nylon mesh bag as the root system separation bag; (3) tea seedling planting: sleeving roots of the tea seedlings into root system separation bags for planting; (4) tea seedling growth management; (5) interplanting wild peanuts; and (6) collecting and detecting. According to the method, underground root systems of tea trees and wild peanuts are partially separated in a nylon net bag mode, interaction of the root systems is promoted, the influence of mutual competition is reduced, and the purposes of improving the conversion efficiency of inorganic phosphorus in soil, increasing the effectiveness of phosphorus in soil and improving the quality of tea are achieved; the problems of low utilization efficiency, excessive phosphate fertilizer application, high production cost and the like of the traditional phosphate fertilizer are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tea tree cultivation technology, specifically involving a cultivation method that utilizes root separation to improve the conversion of inorganic phosphorus in tea soil and the quality of tea leaves. Background Technology

[0002] The tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] is a perennial evergreen shrub native to my country, harvested for its tender buds and leaves. Phosphorus is an essential element for the growth and development of tea plants, and is key to maintaining high yields and excellent tea quality. As a major economic crop in southern my country, tea is often over-utilized in acidic soils due to their strong adsorption and fixation properties for phosphorus. Only about 10% of the applied phosphate fertilizer is utilized in the current season, with the remainder accumulating in the soil as insoluble Fe-P and OP. This results in significant phosphorus resource waste and excessive phosphate fertilizer application in tea garden management, severely limiting tea yield and quality.

[0003] In existing technologies, the method for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loss from tea garden soil involves three steps: mechanically drilling holes in the tea garden soil, biochar burial, and biochar replenishment. The main approach is to deeply bury the biochar in the tea garden soil and then mix it with the deeper soil layers through subsequent tilling, thereby reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loss from the deeper soil layers. However, this method is not only labor-intensive, complex, and inefficient, but also increases agricultural production costs, hindering the sustainable and green development of the tea industry.

[0004] Intercropping is a diversified planting model with significant advantages, promoting the activation of inorganic phosphorus in the soil, increasing the availability of phosphorus in the soil, and significantly improving yield and quality. However, research on the transformation of soil inorganic phosphorus forms and changes in tea quality during underground part interaction is still lacking. Therefore, this application proposes a cultivation method that utilizes root separation to improve soil inorganic phosphorus transformation and tea quality in tea plants to address the aforementioned issues. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a cultivation method that utilizes root separation to improve soil inorganic phosphorus conversion and tea quality in tea trees. By adopting an intercropping pattern where the underground roots of tea trees and wild peanuts are separated, the influence of root systems is avoided, while simultaneously promoting soil inorganic phosphorus conversion, increasing soil phosphorus availability, and improving tea quality. This method also solves the problems of low phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency, excessive phosphate fertilizer application, and increased production costs associated with traditional methods.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: A cultivation method that utilizes root separation to improve soil inorganic phosphorus conversion and tea quality in tea trees includes the following steps: (1) Soil fertilization: In advance, clear away large tree branches and large impurities such as stones in the tea plantation, then turn in the withered yellow old leaves, and mix 1-2% of biological organic fertilizer into the soil; (2) Prepare root separation bags: Select nylon mesh bags with a pore size of 30-50μm, a diameter of 30-60cm, and a height of 40-60cm as root separation bags; (3) Tea seedling planting: Select healthy tea seedlings with good growth and no diseases, put their roots into the root separation bags prepared in step (2), and then plant them at a distance of 30cm×50cm between rows. The upper part of the nylon mesh bag extends out of the ground. After planting, water thoroughly to settle the roots, and then build a small heat-insulating arched shed according to the growth situation to allow the seedlings to recover. During this period, pay attention to watering and keep the soil moisture content at 60%-70% throughout the entire tea seedling growth stage. (4) Tea seedling growth management: 7-10 days after transplanting, apply 800-1000 times diluted NAA solution to the roots for the first time to promote seedling recovery and growth; 40-45 days later, apply 1000-1200 times diluted urea and 1000-1200 times diluted compound fertilizer solution to the roots for the second time; after 30-35 days of continued growth, apply 800-1000 times diluted urea and 800-1000 times diluted compound fertilizer solution to the roots for the third time. (5) Intercropping with wild peanuts: 10-15 days after the first root application of tea seedlings, when the tea seedlings are growing steadily and well, wild peanut branches are intercropped in the alternate rows of tea seedlings. 25-30 days after the wild peanuts are planted, when the wild peanut branches sprout new branches and vines and grow well, 500-600 times diluted urea and 500-600 times diluted compound fertilizer solution are applied to the roots. (6) Collection and testing: The subsequent growth of tea seedlings is managed using conventional methods. After 10 months of growth, one bud and two or three leaves of the tea tree are collected, microwaved to fix the sample, dried, and the various internal contents of the tea are measured. Soil from the roots of the tea tree is collected, air-dried and sieved, and the inorganic phosphorus components and Olsen-P content of the soil are measured. Exudates from the roots of the tea tree are collected and the secretion of organic acids is tested.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution, the tea seedlings are made from the one-year-old Longrui No. 1 tea variety.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution, the organic fertilizer has an organic matter content of ≥60%, an N+P2O5+K2O content of ≥5%, and an effective live bacteria count of ≥0.2 billion / g.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution, the compound fertilizer is an N, P, K compound fertilizer with N:P2O5:K2O=14:16:15 and total nutrients ≥45%.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, the microwave blanching power in step (6) is 450-600W, the time is 30-60s, the drying temperature is 80-85℃, and the time is 60-90min.

[0011] The organic fertilizer, urea, compound fertilizer, plant growth regulators, and other raw materials used in the planting process in this invention are all commercially available products and do not require special preparation.

[0012] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention employs intercropping of tea trees and wild peanuts, combined with the use of nylon mesh bags to partially separate the underground root systems of both plants to achieve interaction, promote the dissolution of insoluble inorganic phosphorus in the soil, thereby increasing soil phosphorus availability and improving tea quality.

[0013] 2. This invention uses nylon mesh bags to separate the tea tree roots, which does not affect the normal growth of the tea tree. Simultaneously, it promotes mutual growth between the tea tree and wild peanuts. Compared to planting without nylon mesh bags to partially separate the roots, this method reduces the Fe-P content in the planting soil by 8.87%, Al-P content by 20.79%, Ca-P content by 10.23%, OP content by 11.74%, and total inorganic phosphorus by 11.78%, while increasing the Olsen-P content by 22.38%. Root citric acid secretion increases by 14.24%, and oxalic acid secretion increases by 16.48%. The resulting tea leaves have increased polyphenol content by 8.65%, amino acid content by 16.89%, caffeine content by 7.90%, water extract by 4.87%, soluble sugar content by 12.85%, and catechin content by 36.66%. This method significantly promotes the conversion of inorganic phosphorus in the soil by enhancing the secretion of organic acids in the tea tree roots, thereby increasing the availability of phosphorus in the soil and improving the quality of tea. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of tea tree / wild peanut intercropping with different root system separation methods in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the intercropping experiment of tea trees / wild peanuts separated by non-porous plastic bags in Example 1.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the intercropping experiment of tea trees / wild peanuts separated by nylon netting in Example 1.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the intercropping experiment of tea trees and wild peanuts with unseparated root systems, as shown in Example 1.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a diagram of tea tree / wild peanut intercropping in Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments: Example

[0020] I. Preparation of Test Materials (1) Bio-organic fertilizer: organic matter ≥60%, N+P2O5+K2O ≥5%, effective live bacteria ≥0.2 billion / g, provided by Guangxi Wojiawo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0021] (2) Urea: Total N≥46%, particle size range d1.18-3.35mm, provided by Chongqing Jianfeng Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0022] (3) Compound fertilizer: N:P2O5:K2O=14:16:15, total nutrients ≥45%, provided by Stanley Fertilizer Guigang Co., Ltd.

[0023] (4) Auxin: Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), provided by Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0024] II. Root Separation Experiment (1) Experimental design: Use plastic flower pots (size: 45×30×37 cm), divide them into two compartments, and set up three root system separation methods (such as...). Figure 1 (as shown) ① The root systems of tea trees and wild peanuts are completely separated (CP, using non-porous plastic bags to separate them, the roots of the crops grow independently and there is no interaction between them); ② Intercropping of tea trees and wild peanuts with root separation (PP, using nylon netting with a pore size of 30μm, a diameter of 30cm and a height of 40cm to separate the roots, allowing the flow and diffusion of root exudates between species); ③ The roots of tea trees / wild peanuts are not separated (NP, allowing root contact between species).

[0025] (2) Specific experimental procedures: ① Preparation of growing red soil: Dry the red soil taken from the 15-year-old tea garden, pass it through a 2 mm sieve to remove impurities such as dead branches, rotten leaves, and stones, and then mix it with 1% biological organic fertilizer and stir it repeatedly with a shovel.

[0026] ② Potting: Each plastic flowerpot was filled with 16 kg of red soil. According to the three root system separation treatment requirements of the experimental design, the flowerpot was divided into separate compartments by non-porous plastic bags and nylon mesh bags. For the non-porous plastic bags and nylon mesh bags, each compartment was filled with 8 kg of red soil evenly and left for 24 hours after filling.

[0027] ③ Tea seedling planting: Select 30 healthy, one-year-old "Longrui No. 1" standard tea seedlings that are uniform in growth and free from diseases, and plant them in the middle partition room, placing them in a light-filled greenhouse for acclimatization. Develop a reasonable watering plan based on the needs of the tea seedlings and climatic conditions, avoiding overwatering or drought, and maintaining the soil moisture content at around 60% throughout the entire tea seedling growth stage; ④ Tea seedling growth management: Seven days after planting, apply 200 mL of a 1000-fold dilution of NAA solution to the roots to help the seedlings recover. After 45 days, apply 500 mL of a 1000-fold dilution of urea + 1000-fold dilution of compound fertilizer to the roots. After 30 days of continued growth, apply 500 mL of an 800-fold dilution of urea + 800-fold dilution of compound fertilizer to the roots.

[0028] ⑤ Intercropping with wild peanuts: About 15 days after the first root application to the tea seedlings, when the seedlings are growing steadily and vigorously, symmetrically intercrop wild peanut branches around the perimeter of the flowerpots. After the wild peanut branches sprout new shoots and are growing well (about 30 days), apply another root application of a 600-fold diluted solution of urea and compound fertilizer, using 800 mL. See details below. Figure 2-4 As shown.

[0029] ⑥ Collection and Testing: Tea seedlings were managed using conventional methods. After 10 months of growth, one bud and two or three leaves of new shoots were collected from each treatment. After rinsing with deionized water, the surface moisture was absorbed with sterile filter paper, and the samples were microwaved for fixation (power 450-600W, time 30-60s). After drying at 80-85℃, the samples were ground to determine various internal components of the tea. At the same time, soil samples were collected from the root system of the tea trees, air-dried, and sieved to determine the inorganic phosphorus components and Olsen-P content in the soil. Root exudates were also collected to detect the secretion of organic acids.

[0030] III. Result Detection (1) Measurement method ① The inorganic phosphorus components in the soil were extracted stepwise by chemical fractionation: Al-P was extracted sequentially with 1 mol / L NH4Cl and 0.5 mol / L NH4F, Fe-P was extracted with 1 mol / L NaOH, OP was extracted with 0.3 mol / L Na3C6H5O7·2H2O and Na2S2O4·2H2O, and Ca-P was extracted with 0.25 mol / L H2SO4.

[0031] ② Soil Olsen-P detection method: 0.5 mol / L NaHCO3 extraction-molybdenum antimony colorimetric method.

[0032] ③ Detection method for organic acid index: HPLC was used, employing an LC-100 high-performance liquid chromatograph (LC-P100 high-pressure constant flow pump, LC-UV100 ultraviolet detector, autosampler, and temperature control chamber). Chromatographic conditions: The column was a C18 reversed-phase column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm); the mobile phase was methanol (A) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (B) (A:B = 5:95); the column temperature was 30℃; and the flow rate was 0.7 mL / min. -1 The injection volume was 10 μL, the detection wavelength was 214 nm, and the injection time was 25 min.

[0033] ④ Methods for detecting biochemical indicators of tea: The content of soluble sugar was determined by the anthrone colorimetric method, the content of tea polyphenols was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, the content of free amino acids was determined by the acidic ninhydrin colorimetric method, the content of caffeine was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, the content of catechins was determined by gas chromatography, and the content of water extract was determined by boiling water extraction-gravimetric method.

[0034] (1) Measurement results ① The results of the detection of changes in inorganic phosphorus content and phosphorus availability in tea tree soil under different root system separation methods are recorded in Table 1 below: Table 1. Changes in inorganic phosphorus content and phosphorus availability in tea plant soil under different root septation methods.

[0035] Table 1 shows that after 10 months of root separation in tea / wild peanut intercropping, compared with complete root separation (CP), both partial root separation (PP) and non-separation (NP) treatments promoted inorganic phosphorus transformation in tea soil. Specifically, Fe-P content decreased by 18.95% and 11.06%, Al-P content decreased by 39.75% and 23.93%, Ca-P content decreased by 26.36% and 17.96%, OP content decreased by 22.66% and 12.41%, and total inorganic phosphorus content decreased by 24.74% and 14.69%, respectively. Furthermore, the Olsen-P content in the soil of the partially separated (PP) and non-separated (NP) tea / wild peanut intercropping treatments increased by 62.52% and 32.79%, respectively, compared to the completely separated (CP) treatment.

[0036] ② The results of the detection of the types and contents of organic acids secreted by tea tree roots under different root separation methods are recorded in Table 2 below: Table 2. Changes in the types and contents of organic acids secreted by tea tree roots under different root septation methods.

[0037] Table 2 shows that after 10 months of root separation in tea / wild peanut intercropping, both partially separated (PP) and unseparated (NP) treatments promoted the secretion of organic acids from tea roots, mainly citric acid and oxalic acid. Compared with the completely separated (CP) treatment, the PP and NP treatments increased citric acid secretion by 44.74% and 26.70%, respectively, and oxalic acid secretion by 50.03% and 28.80%, respectively. Furthermore, the secretion of malic acid, lactic acid, and tartaric acid from tea roots was relatively low under all three root separation methods, but the order was PP treatment > NP treatment > CP treatment.

[0038] ③ The results of the detection of changes in tea quality components under different root system septation methods are recorded in Table 3 below: Table 3. Changes in tea quality components under different root septation methods.

[0039] The experimental results in Table 3 show that after 10 months of root separation in tea / wild peanut intercropping, the tea quality components of tea treated with partially separated (PP) and unseparated (NP) roots were all higher than those treated with completely separated (CP) roots. Specifically, the content of tea polyphenols increased by 21.42% and 11.75%, respectively; the content of amino acids increased by 41.88% and 21.38%, respectively; the content of caffeine increased by 24.26% and 15.16%, respectively; the content of water extract increased by 6.06% and 4.01%, respectively; the content of soluble sugars increased by 29.95% and 15.15%, respectively; and the content of catechins increased by 123.01% and 63.19%, respectively.

[0040] In summary, the treatments of partially separated (PP) and non-separated (NP) roots in tea / wild peanut intercropping promote the secretion of organic acids from tea roots, effectively dissolving insoluble inorganic phosphorus components such as Fe-P, Al-P, Ca-P, and OP in the soil. This promotes the transformation of inorganic phosphorus in the soil, increases the availability of phosphorus in the soil, and improves the content of quality components such as tea polyphenols, amino acids, soluble sugars, caffeine, catechins, and water extracts in tea leaves, thereby improving the quality of tea.

[0041] Compared to intercropping tea trees / wild peanuts with partially separated roots (PP) and unseparated roots (NP), the partially separated root planting method of this invention reduces Fe-P content by 8.87%, Al-P content by 20.79%, Ca-P content by 10.23%, OP content by 11.74%, total inorganic phosphorus by 11.78%, and Olsen-P content by 22.38%. Root citric acid secretion increases by 14.24%, and oxalic acid secretion increases by 16.48%. Tea polyphenol content increases by 8.65%, amino acid content by 16.89%, caffeine content by 7.90%, water extract by 4.87%, soluble sugar content by 12.85%, and catechin content by 36.66%. This effectively demonstrates that the method of this invention has better treatment effects, higher efficiency, and is green and safe.

[0042] Example 2 A cultivation method that utilizes root separation to improve soil inorganic phosphorus conversion and tea quality in tea trees includes the following steps: (1) Soil fertilization: In advance, clear away large tree branches and large impurities such as stones in the tea plantation, then turn in the withered yellow old leaves, and mix 1-2% of biological organic fertilizer (organic matter ≥60%, N+P2O5+K2O ≥5%, effective live bacteria ≥0.2 billion / g) into the soil. (2) Prepare root separation bags: Select nylon mesh bags with a pore size of 30-50μm, a diameter of 30-60cm, and a height of 40-60cm as root separation bags; (3) Tea seedling planting: Select healthy tea seedlings with good growth and no diseases, such as the one-year-old Longrui No. 1 tea tree.

[0043] Place the roots into the root separation bags prepared in step (2), and then plant them at a spacing of 30cm×50cm between rows, with the upper part of the nylon mesh bag extending above the ground. After planting, water thoroughly to settle the roots, and then build a small heat-insulating arched shed according to the growth situation to allow the seedlings to recover. During this period, pay attention to watering and keep the soil moisture content at 50%-70% throughout the entire tea seedling growth stage. (4) Tea seedling growth management: 7-10 days after transplanting, apply 800-1000 times diluted NAA solution to the roots for the first time to promote seedling growth; 40-45 days later, apply 1000-1200 times diluted urea and 1000-1200 times diluted compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=14:16:15) solution to the roots for the second time; after 30-35 days of continued growth, apply 800-1000 times diluted urea and 800-1000 times diluted compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=14:16:15) solution to the roots for the third time. (5) Intercropping with wild peanuts: 10-15 days after the first root application to tea seedlings, when the seedlings are growing steadily and vigorously, intercrop wild peanut branches in the alternate rows between the tea seedlings. 25-30 days after transplanting, when the wild peanut branches sprout new shoots and are growing vigorously, apply a 500-600 times diluted solution of urea and compound fertilizer to the roots; Figure 5 As shown.

[0044] (6) Collection and testing: The subsequent growth of tea seedlings is managed using conventional methods. After 10 months of growth, one bud and two or three leaves of the tea tree are collected, and the sample is fixed by microwave sterilization. The microwave sterilization power is 450-600W and the time is 30-60s. After drying at 80-85℃, the various internal contents of the tea are measured. Soil from the roots of the tea tree is collected, air-dried and sieved, and the inorganic phosphorus components and Olsen-P content of the soil are measured. The root secretions of the tea tree are collected and the secretion of organic acids is tested.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for improving soil inorganic phosphorus conversion and tea quality in tea trees by utilizing root separation, characterized by: The method includes the following steps: (1) Soil fertilization: In advance, clear away large tree branches and large impurities such as stones in the tea plantation, then turn in the withered yellow old leaves, and mix 1-2% of biological organic fertilizer into the soil; (2) Prepare root separation bags: Select nylon mesh bags with a pore size of 30-50μm, a diameter of 30-60cm, and a height of 40-60cm as root separation bags; (3) Tea seedling planting: Select healthy tea seedlings with good growth and no diseases, put their roots into the root separation bags prepared in step (2), and then plant them at a distance of 30cm×50cm between rows. The upper part of the nylon mesh bag extends out of the ground. After planting, water thoroughly to settle the roots, and then build a small heat-insulating arched shed according to the growth situation to allow the seedlings to recover. During this period, pay attention to watering and keep the soil moisture content at 60%-70% throughout the entire tea seedling growth stage. (4) Tea seedling growth management: 7-10 days after transplanting, apply 800-1000 times diluted NAA solution to the roots for the first time to promote seedling recovery and growth; 40-45 days later, apply 1000-1200 times diluted urea and 1000-1200 times diluted compound fertilizer solution to the roots for the second time; after 30-35 days of continued growth, apply 800-1000 times diluted urea and 800-1000 times diluted compound fertilizer solution to the roots for the third time. (5) Intercropping with wild peanuts: 10-15 days after the first root application of tea seedlings, when the tea seedlings are growing steadily and well, wild peanut branches are intercropped in the alternate rows of tea seedlings. 25-30 days after the wild peanuts are planted, when the wild peanut branches sprout new branches and vines and grow well, 500-600 times diluted urea and 500-600 times diluted compound fertilizer solution are applied to the roots. (6) Collection and testing: The subsequent growth of tea seedlings is managed using conventional methods. After 10 months of growth, one bud and two or three leaves of the tea tree are collected, microwaved to fix the sample, dried, and the various internal contents of the tea are measured. Soil from the roots of the tea tree is collected, air-dried and sieved, and the inorganic phosphorus components and Olsen-P content of the soil are measured. Exudates from the roots of the tea tree are collected and the secretion of organic acids is tested.

2. The cultivation method for improving soil inorganic phosphorus conversion and tea quality of tea trees by utilizing root separation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tea seedlings used are one-year-old tea trees of the Longrui No. 1 variety.

3. The cultivation method for improving soil inorganic phosphorus conversion and tea quality of tea trees by utilizing root separation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer has an organic matter content of ≥60%, N+P2O5+K2O content of ≥5%, and an effective live bacteria count of ≥0.2 billion / g.

4. The cultivation method for improving soil inorganic phosphorus conversion and tea quality of tea trees by utilizing root separation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The compound fertilizer is an N, P, K compound fertilizer with N:P2O5:K2O=14:16:15 and total nutrients ≥45%.

5. The cultivation method for improving soil inorganic phosphorus conversion and tea quality of tea trees by utilizing root separation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (6), the microwave blanching power is 450-600W and the time is 30-60s; the drying temperature is 80-85℃ and the time is 60-90min.

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