Hanging net and spray seeding matrix combined structure based on basalt fibers

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of slope protection, in particular to a hanging net and spray-seeding matrix combined structure based on basalt fibers. Comprising a side slope body, a spray-seeding matrix layer is arranged on the surface of the side slope body, a hanging net is arranged on the surface of the spray-seeding matrix layer, the hanging net is fixed to the surface of the spray-seeding matrix layer through an anchoring structure, the hanging net is of a basalt fiber net structure, and a spray-seeding matrix forming the spray-seeding matrix layer comprises basalt fibers. A traditional steel wire mesh material is replaced with the woven basalt fiber mesh structure, the slope protection layer has the advantages of being light, high in strength, resistant to corrosion, environmentally friendly and the like, the structural strength and stability of the slope protection layer are remarkably improved, extreme environment challenges such as heavy rainfall, high-temperature drought and wind erosion are effectively handled, and the anti-scouring capacity and durability are remarkably enhanced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of slope protection, and in particular to a hanging net based on basalt fiber and a spray seeding substrate combined structure. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous advancement of infrastructure construction, highway, railway, water conservancy and other engineering projects often involve large-area slope excavation and exposure. If effective protection and greening measures are not taken in time, it is easy to cause problems such as soil erosion, slope collapse, and cause ecological environment degradation, infrastructure damage and loss of personnel and property.

[0003] At present, vegetation restoration and ecological restoration is an important technical means to govern the slope environment problem. Among them, the spray seeding technology is widely used because of its high construction efficiency and fast greening effect. The conventional spray seeding substrate usually uses plant source materials such as wood fiber, coconut shell fiber, straw pulp, paper pulp, etc., supplemented by water retaining agent, adhesive and fertilizer components. This kind of traditional substrate material has poor weather resistance, insufficient anti-erosion ability, unstable mechanical properties and other problems in extreme environments such as heavy rain, high temperature and drought or wind erosion, which easily causes the destruction of the spray seeding layer, affects the vegetation growth and coverage effect, especially in complex terrain conditions such as steep slope and gravel slope.

[0004] In addition, in order to enhance the stability and soil fixation effect of the spray seeding layer, the engineering often adopts the combination of hanging net and anchoring structure, which fixes the spray seeding substrate on the slope through the setting of protective net and anchor rod system, and improves its anti-erosion ability and structural stability. However, the traditional protective net is mostly made of metal materials or synthetic polymer materials, such as steel wire mesh, plastic mesh, etc. These materials have problems such as easy corrosion, short service life or environmental pollution, which is not conducive to realizing the goal of green and sustainable ecological restoration.

[0005] In recent years, new high-performance materials such as basalt fiber have gradually gained attention in the field of ecological restoration due to their light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, aging resistance, environmental protection and biodegradability. The application of basalt fiber in hanging net materials can improve the overall stability of the structure, and thus promote the ecological restoration of the slope.

[0006] Therefore, it is urgent to propose a hanging net based on basalt fiber and a spray seeding substrate combined structure to effectively solve the problems of insufficient structural strength, poor environmental adaptability and non-degradable materials in the existing spray seeding system, and realize long-term ecological stability restoration under complex slope conditions. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a hanging net based on basalt fiber and a spray seeding substrate combined structure, and specifically discloses the following technical scheme: A basalt fiber-based hanging net and spray seeding substrate combined structure, comprising a slope body, the surface of the slope body is provided with a spray seeding substrate layer, the surface of the spray seeding substrate layer is provided with a hanging net, the hanging net is fixed on the surface of the spray seeding substrate layer through an anchoring structure, the hanging net adopts a basalt fiber net structure, and the spray seeding substrate forming the spray seeding substrate layer comprises basalt fibers.

[0008] Further, the basalt fiber net structure is a net structure formed by weaving basalt fibers.

[0009] Further, the spray seeding substrate further comprises degradable water-retaining agents, degradable adhesive materials and nutrient ingredients.

[0010] Further, the basalt fibers in the spray seeding substrate are short-cut fibers with a length ranging from 5 to 25 mm.

[0011] Further, the degradable water-retaining agents adopt one of self-polymerized lactic acid and polycaprolactone.

[0012] Further, the degradable adhesive material adopts a natural adhesive.

[0013] Further, the nutrient ingredients comprise nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, biological bacterial agent and organic matter additive.

[0014] Further, the anchoring structure adopts basalt fiber rods or anchor nails.

[0015] Further, the edges of the hanging net are reinforced in a sewing manner or reinforced by reinforcing ropes.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: In the present application, the woven basalt fiber net structure is used to replace the traditional steel wire mesh material, which has the advantages of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, environmental protection and the like, not only significantly improves the structural strength and stability of the slope protection layer, effectively deals with extreme environmental challenges such as heavy rainfall, high temperature drought and wind erosion, but also significantly enhances the anti-erosion ability and durability. The basalt fiber net structure and the spray seeding substrate both have good environmental protection and biodegradable properties, can be naturally decomposed after vegetation restoration, have no residual pollution, and meet the requirements of green and sustainable development.

[0017] The degradable water-retaining agents, degradable adhesive materials and nutrient ingredients added in the spray seeding substrate further improve the water retention and adhesion of the spray seeding substrate layer, promote seed survival and rapid vegetation restoration.

[0018] Through the joint action of the basalt fiber rods or anchor nails and the reinforcing structures such as reinforcing ropes, the overall pullout resistance and edge adhesion are enhanced, and the long-term stability and effective coverage of the spray seeding substrate layer under complex terrain conditions are ensured. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0020] Fig. 2 This is a structural schematic diagram from one perspective of the present invention.

[0021] Fig. 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0022] 1-Slope body; 2-Basalt fiber mesh structure; 3-Spraying matrix layer; 4-Anchoring structure; 5-Vegetation layer. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Reference Figs. 1-3 A combination structure of basalt fiber mesh and hydroseeding substrate includes a slope body 1, a hydroseeding substrate layer 3 on the surface of the slope body 1, a mesh on the surface of the hydroseeding substrate layer 3, the mesh being fixed to the surface of the hydroseeding substrate layer 3 by an anchoring structure 4, the mesh adopting a basalt fiber mesh structure 2, the hydroseeding substrate comprising the hydroseeding substrate layer 3 including basalt fiber, and a vegetation layer 5 formed after plants grow on the surface of the hydroseeding substrate layer 3.

[0025] In this embodiment, the basalt fiber mesh structure 2 is a mesh structure formed by weaving basalt fibers to provide the necessary structural strength and covering performance. The basalt fibers are obtained by high-temperature melting and drawing of natural basalt, and possess excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and environmental adaptability.

[0026] The weaving method of the basalt fiber mesh structure 2 can be adjusted according to actual application requirements. Plain weave, twill weave, or other more complex structures are preferred. Adjusting the weaving method can effectively improve the tensile strength, flexibility, and adaptability to complex terrain of the mesh structure.

[0027] The mesh size of basalt fiber mesh structure 2 can be designed according to different needs of slope vegetation restoration and on-site construction conditions. The mesh aperture can be square, rhomboid, or polygonal, and its size range can be flexibly adjusted according to factors such as slope gradient, soil properties, and vegetation type. For areas with steep slopes or severe wind and rain erosion, the mesh should be designed to be denser to enhance its soil stabilization and erosion resistance; while in areas with gentler slopes and higher stability, the mesh size can be appropriately increased to save materials and improve construction efficiency.

[0028] In this embodiment, the hydroseeding substrate also includes a biodegradable water-retaining agent, a biodegradable binder, and nutrients to improve the survival rate of sown seeds and promote rapid vegetation growth; the hydroseeding substrate can degrade naturally after the vegetation has grown, leaving no harmful substances.

[0029] In this embodiment, the basalt fibers in the hydroseeding matrix are short-cut fibers with a length range of 5 to 25 mm. They have excellent corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility, which improves the stability and erosion resistance of the hydroseeding layer.

[0030] In this embodiment, the biodegradable water-retaining agent is one of polylactic acid and polycaprolactone, which can slowly decompose in the soil and release water to maintain the moisture state of the sprayed layer.

[0031] In this embodiment, the biodegradable adhesive material uses natural adhesives, such as modified starch or plant gum, to enhance the adhesion of the hydroseeding substrate to the slope and prevent it from being washed away by rainwater.

[0032] In this embodiment, the nutrients include nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer, biological agents, and organic matter additives, which are used to provide the nutrients required for plant germination and early growth, and to promote the construction of the soil micro-ecological environment.

[0033] In this embodiment, the anchoring structure 4 uses basalt fiber rods or anchors, which are laid along the slope and form an effective anchoring connection with the slope to provide initial structural stability. A mesh is laid over the slope surface and fixed using basalt fiber rods or anchors.

[0034] In this embodiment, the edges of the netting are reinforced by stitching or by reinforcing ropes to improve the overall pull-out resistance and the fit with the slope.

[0035] The basalt fiber rods are coated with corrosion-resistant materials to meet the requirements of long-term exposure to the external environment, and the anchors have a threaded structure to enhance their anchoring force in loose soil.

[0036] Double-layer stitching or multi-point anchoring is installed at the edge of the netting to give the edge area higher load-bearing capacity and reduce the risk of edge detachment of the netting during operation.

[0037] When this invention is applied to steep rock slopes: for rock slopes higher than 20 meters and with a slope greater than 60°, a "layered mesh hanging + stepped anchoring" method is adopted. The basalt fiber mesh structure 2 is laid in an overlapping manner, with each layer not exceeding 2.5 meters in height. It is anchored together with steel cables using spiral anchor rods, and each anchor rod has a locking plate at its end to improve tensile strength.

[0038] Hydroseeding employs a segmented operation to prevent slurry from sliding and accumulating. To address the poor water absorption of the rock, the proportion of biodegradable water-retaining agents and natural binders is appropriately increased in the hydroseeding substrate, and the proportion of drought-resistant species such as *Hypericum perforatum* is increased when sowing seeds. This design allows vegetation to maintain normal growth even in hot and dry environments, effectively controlling weathering and erosion of the rock face.

[0039] When this invention is applied to slopes in cold freeze-thaw zones: In high-altitude or frequently freeze-thawed areas (such as plateaus and northern slopes), the basalt fiber mesh structure 2 incorporates a polymer elastic composite layer, which effectively buffers shrinkage stress caused by sudden temperature changes, preventing mesh breakage or displacement. Simultaneously, the anchoring structure 4 employs a cold-resistant resin injection method to ensure the anchoring points remain stable in cold environments.

[0040] The hydroseeding system is equipped with electrically heated pipelines to ensure that the hydroseeding substrate does not become clogged due to low-temperature condensation. The selected hydroseeding plants are primarily perennial herbaceous plants, such as Kentucky bluegrass and Leymus chinensis. After treatment with this system, slope stability and the sustainability of greening are significantly improved.

[0041] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined structure of basalt fiber-based mesh and hydroseeding substrate, characterized in that, The system includes a slope body, on the surface of which a hydroseeding matrix layer is provided, and on the surface of which a hanging net is provided, which is fixed to the surface of the hydroseeding matrix layer by an anchoring structure. The hanging net adopts a basalt fiber mesh structure, and the hydroseeding matrix that makes up the hydroseeding matrix layer includes basalt fiber.

2. The basalt fiber-based mesh and hydroseeding matrix combination structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basalt fiber mesh structure is a mesh structure formed by weaving basalt fibers.

3. The basalt fiber-based mesh and hydroseeding matrix combination structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydroseeding matrix also includes biodegradable water-retaining agents, biodegradable binders, and nutrients.

4. The combined structure of basalt fiber-based mesh and hydroseeding substrate according to claim 3, characterized in that, The basalt fibers in the hydroseeding matrix are short-cut fibers with a length range of 5–25 mm.

5. The combined structure of basalt fiber-based mesh and hydroseeding substrate according to claim 3, characterized in that, The biodegradable water-retaining agent is one of polylactic acid or polycaprolactone.

6. The combined structure of basalt fiber-based mesh and hydroseeding matrix according to claim 3, characterized in that, The biodegradable adhesive material uses natural adhesives.

7. The basalt fiber-based mesh and hydroseeding matrix combination structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The nutrients include nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer, biological agents, and organic matter additives.

8. The combined structure of basalt fiber-based mesh and hydroseeding matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchoring structure uses basalt fiber rods or anchor bolts.

9. The combined structure of basalt fiber-based mesh and hydroseeding substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The edges of the netting are reinforced by stitching or by using reinforcing ropes.

Images