Spinning forming method for conical section shell part

Abstract

The invention discloses a spinning forming method of a conical section shell part, which is characterized in that a plate is prefabricated into a conical blank in advance, so that the spinning deformation is reduced, the forming can be completed without multi-pass spinning, and the problem of tool marks caused by process superposition in the traditional multi-pass spinning is avoided. The synchronous rotation of the conical core mold and the ejection piece ensures that a blank is uniformly stressed in the spinning process, and the first spinning roller and the second spinning roller synchronously spin in the extending direction of the outer wall, so that the defects of wrinkling, cracking and the like are effectively inhibited, the complex regulation and control requirements on multiple groups of process parameters are reduced, the technical risk is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved. Internal stress generated in the spinning process can be eliminated through subsequent heat treatment annealing, the mechanical performance stability of the conical finished product is further guaranteed, the procedures are simplified, parameters are easy to control, the forming quality is stable, and the overall structural stability is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of aluminum alloy spinning forming technology, and in particular to a spinning forming method for a tapered shell part. Background Technology

[0002] Aluminum alloys, as a widely used non-ferrous metal structural material in the industrial field, have been extensively and critically applied in high-end industries with stringent material performance requirements, such as aviation, aerospace, machinery manufacturing, and shipbuilding, thanks to their core advantages of low density, high strength, and excellent plasticity.

[0003] In the aerospace field, the conical aluminum shell is a core component of aircraft structure. Its main functions include providing rigid support for aircraft-related systems, housing various high-precision instruments and equipment as well as cables and wires, and being encased in non-metallic materials to achieve heat insulation and ensure the stable operation of internal components under complex conditions. Therefore, the forming quality of the conical aluminum shell is directly related to the overall structural stability of the aircraft and the operational reliability of its internal components.

[0004] Currently, the main forming method for tapered aluminum shells is integral machining, which involves machining the aluminum alloy raw material as a whole through cutting, milling, and other operations to obtain the target shape. However, this integral machining method has significant drawbacks: on the one hand, a large amount of excess material needs to be removed during the machining process, resulting in extremely low raw material utilization. At the same time, the numerous machining steps not only increase equipment energy consumption and processing costs but also significantly extend the production cycle, making it difficult to meet the needs of mass production. On the other hand, when dealing with complex tapered surface structures, integral machining is prone to surface accuracy deviations due to fluctuations in cutting forces, affecting subsequent assembly and performance.

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues in integral machining, spinning has gradually been introduced into the forming of such tapered aluminum shells. As a continuous, localized, point-by-point deformation plastic processing technique, spinning is currently widely used in the industry for forming tapered aluminum shells. This involves using a flat blank for multiple spinning passes, gradually transforming the flat blank into the target tapered structure through repeated spinning deformation.

[0006] However, this multi-pass spinning forming method still has insurmountable technical defects. First, multi-pass spinning involves many intermediate processes, which not only further prolongs the production cycle but also increases the complexity of process management. Second, each spinning process requires precise control of multiple process parameters such as the spinning wheel feed speed, spinning temperature, and deformation amount, and there are complex coupling relationships between these parameters. If any parameter is not properly controlled, it may lead to forming defects, significantly increasing the technical risk. Most importantly, during the multi-pass spinning process, tool marks inevitably occur in the spinning areas of adjacent passes. These tool marks not only damage the flatness and smoothness of the conical shell surface but also cause local stress concentration, seriously affecting the forming accuracy and overall mechanical properties of the shell, making it difficult to meet the stringent requirements of high precision and high reliability for aircraft structural components. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the defects existing in the prior art, this application provides a forming method for a combined variable wall thickness aluminum skin to solve the problems of high forming difficulty and low reliability of the conical aluminum shell in the prior art.

[0008] The above-mentioned objectives of this application are mainly achieved through the following technical solutions: A spin forming method for a tapered shell component, the spin forming method comprising: A sheet material is processed into a conical blank. One end of the conical blank is machined with a retaining ring, and the other end is machined with an opening whose inner diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the retaining ring. The conical blank has a through cavity from the retaining ring to the opening. A conical core mold, an ejector, a first spinning wheel, and a second spinning wheel are prepared according to the molding requirements. The conical core mold and the ejector are coaxially assembled onto a spinning device. The first spinning wheel and the second spinning wheel are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the conical core mold. The conical blank is coaxially arranged on the conical core mold, and the top member is operated to hold the retaining ring of the conical blank against the conical core mold; The conical core mold and the top piece are rotated synchronously. At the same time, the first and second rotating wheels are operated along the extension direction of the outer wall of the conical blank, from one end of the outer wall of the conical blank near the retaining ring to the other end, to obtain the conical initial product. After removing the conical initial product and performing heat treatment annealing, the remaining material of the conical initial product is processed to obtain the conical finished product.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, one end of the conical core mold is provided with a positioning end for extending into the retaining ring, and the positioning end is provided with an annular groove for accommodating the retaining ring, the thickness of the annular groove being less than the thickness of the retaining ring.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, when machining the conical blank, a circumferential bevel is machined between the retaining ring and the outer wall of the conical blank, and a circumferential fillet is machined on the outer edge of the opening.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, after processing the conical blank, the conical blank is sent to a heat treatment equipment for annealing. The annealing temperature is controlled at 350-360℃, the holding time is 150-200min, and the blank is air-cooled after the holding time is completed.

[0012] In an optional implementation, after machining the conical blank, the conical blank is inspected using an ultrasonic flaw detector. If cracks are detected in the conical blank, it is discarded, and the conical blank is re-machined and inspected again until the inspection results meet the requirements.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, when preparing the conical mandrel, the first rotary wheel, and the second rotary wheel, the spinning surfaces of the first rotary wheel and the second rotary wheel, as well as the circular runout of the outer wall of the conical mandrel, are detected until the requirements are met.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, the first rotating wheel and the second rotating wheel are both circular arc rotating wheels, and the radius of the rounded corner of the first rotating wheel is greater than the radius of the rounded corner of the second rotating wheel.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, when the first and second spinning wheels are performing spinning operations, the radial misalignment of the first and second spinning wheels is 0, the axial misalignment remains constant, the distance between the first and second spinning wheels and the outer wall of the conical mandrel is the same, and the first spinning wheel contacts the conical blank preferentially over the second spinning wheel.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, the center lines of the first and second rotating wheels are parallel to the outer wall of the conical mandrel.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, before the first and second spinning wheels perform spinning operations, a lubricating medium is sprayed onto the outer wall of the conical blank, and the conical blank is heated by a heating device until the conical blank reaches a preset temperature. Then, the spinning operation begins, and the temperature of the conical blank is detected and heated in conjunction with the operation to keep the temperature of the conical blank within a preset range until a conical initial product is obtained. Finally, the lubricating medium is cleaned.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this application are: The spinning forming method in this application is used for spinning forming of conical shell parts. The spinning forming method includes: firstly, taking a sheet metal and processing it into a conical blank; one end of the conical blank is machined with a retaining ring, and the other end is machined with an opening whose inner diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the retaining ring, and the interior of the conical blank forms a through cavity from the retaining ring to the opening; preparing a conical mandrel, an ejector, a first spinning wheel, and a second spinning wheel according to forming requirements; the conical mandrel and the ejector are coaxially assembled onto a spinning equipment; the first spinning wheel and the second spinning wheel are symmetrically arranged on the... The conical mandrel is positioned on both sides; the conical blank is coaxially arranged on the conical mandrel, and the top piece is used to press the retaining ring of the conical blank against the conical mandrel; the conical mandrel and the top piece are rotated synchronously, and the first and second rotating wheels are operated along the extension direction of the outer wall of the conical blank, from one end of the outer wall of the conical blank near the retaining ring to the other end, to obtain a conical preliminary product; the conical preliminary product is removed, heat-treated and annealed, and then the remaining material of the conical preliminary product is processed to obtain a conical finished product.

[0019] This spinning forming method significantly reduces spinning deformation by pre-forming the sheet metal into a conical blank. It eliminates the need for multiple spinning passes, avoiding the tool marks caused by overlapping processes in traditional multi-pass spinning. The synchronous rotation of the conical core mold and the top piece provides a stable and coaxial rotation reference for the conical blank, ensuring uniform stress on the blank during spinning. The symmetrically arranged first and second spinning wheels spin synchronously along the outer wall extension direction, which can evenly distribute the deformation force to the blank surface, effectively suppressing defects such as wrinkling and cracking. This reduces the need for complex control of multiple sets of process parameters and reduces technical risks.

[0020] Pre-formed conical blanks reduce spinning processes, and with synchronous spinning operations, production cycles are significantly shortened. The elimination of multiple processing steps reduces intermediate process management costs, and material utilization is improved due to optimized deformation, effectively controlling processing costs. The elimination of tool marks and the uniform stress during the spinning process greatly improve the surface flatness and forming accuracy of the conical blank. Subsequent heat treatment annealing can eliminate internal stress generated during spinning, further ensuring the mechanical stability of the conical blank. The allowance processing can precisely control the finished product dimensions, meeting the high precision and high reliability requirements of aircraft structural components.

[0021] The advantages of this spinning forming method are simplified process, easy parameter control, and stable forming quality. Ultimately, it can achieve mass production, low cost, and high precision of conical aluminum shells. The resulting conical products not only have a smooth surface without tool marks, but also have excellent mechanical properties, ensuring the overall structural stability. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of the spinning forming method provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure during spinning forming provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conical blank provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conical core mold provided in the embodiments of this application; In the figure: 100, conical blank; 101, retaining ring; 102, opening; 103, cavity; 104, circumferential bevel angle; 105, circumferential fillet; 200, conical core mold; 201, positioning end; 202, annular groove; 301, top piece; 302, first spinning wheel; 303, second spinning wheel; 400, spinning equipment. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is intended to aid in understanding the invention, but does not constitute a limitation thereof. The specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely for describing exemplary embodiments of the invention. However, the invention can be embodied in many alternative forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the spinning forming method provided in the embodiments of this application; a spinning forming method for a tapered shell part, the spinning forming method comprising: like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conical blank 100 provided in the embodiment of this application; a sheet material is processed to form a conical blank 100, one end of the conical blank 100 is processed with a retaining ring 101, and the other end is processed with an opening 102 with an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the retaining ring 101, and the interior of the conical blank 100 forms a through cavity 103 from the retaining ring 101 to the opening 102; like Figure 2 , Figure 3 as well as Figure 4 As shown, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure during spinning forming provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conical core mold 200 provided in the embodiment of this application; the conical core mold 200, the top piece 301, the first rotating wheel 302 and the second rotating wheel 303 are prepared according to the molding requirements. The conical core mold 200 and the top piece 301 are coaxially assembled onto the spinning equipment 400. The first rotating wheel 302 and the second rotating wheel 303 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the conical core mold 200. like Figure 2 As shown, the conical blank 100 is coaxially arranged on the conical core mold 200, and the top member 301 is operated to hold the retaining ring 101 of the conical blank 100 against the conical core mold 200; The conical core mold 200 and the top piece 301 are rotated synchronously. At the same time, the first rotating wheel 302 and the second rotating wheel 303 are operated along the extension direction of the outer wall of the conical blank 100, from one end of the outer wall of the conical blank 100 near the retaining ring 101 to the other end, to obtain a conical initial product. After removing the conical initial product and performing heat treatment annealing, the remaining material of the conical initial product is processed to obtain the conical finished product.

[0026] When processing sheet metal into a conical blank 100, an aluminum alloy sheet matching the material of the conical shell component is selected. Based on the dimensional parameters of the target conical structure, the conical blank 100 is initially processed. One end of the conical blank 100 is processed into an annular retaining ring 101, and the other end is processed by enlarging a hole to form an opening 102. The inner diameter of the opening 102 is larger than the outer diameter of the retaining ring 101. A cavity 103 is formed inside the conical blank 100, which extends from the retaining ring 101 to the opening 102. The slope of the inner wall of the cavity 103 is consistent with the slope of the inner wall of the subsequently formed conical shell component, thereby reducing the deformation amount of subsequent spinning.

[0027] Next, a suitable conical core mold 200, top piece 301, first rotating wheel 302 and second rotating wheel 303 are prepared according to the molding requirements. The outer wall shape of the conical core mold 200 fits the inner wall of the cavity 103 of the conical blank 100. The end face of the top piece 301 is provided with an annular groove that fits the retaining ring 101. The groove depth matches the thickness of the retaining ring 101 to ensure a tight fit during holding. The rims of the first rotating wheel 302 and the second rotating wheel 303 are set according to the forming requirements of the outer wall of the conical blank 100, and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the conical core mold 200. At the same time, the first rotating wheel 302 and the second rotating wheel 303 are connected to the transmission mechanism of the spinning equipment 400, which can realize synchronous feeding and speed adjustment. Then, the conical blank 100 is coaxially sleeved on the conical core mold 200, and the driving device of the top piece 301 is started, so that the top piece 301 moves towards the conical blank 100 along the axial direction until the annular groove on the end face of the top piece 301 completely engages with the retaining ring 101, and the holding pressure of the top piece 301 against the retaining ring 101 is stable within the preset range, thus fixing the conical blank 100 on the conical core mold 200 and preventing blank displacement during the spinning process.

[0028] During the spinning stage, the spinning equipment 400 is started, and the conical mandrel 200 and the top piece 301 are rotated synchronously. The synchronous motion provides a stable rotation reference for the conical blank 100. At the same time, the first spinning wheel 302 and the second spinning wheel 303 are controlled to make uniform feeding motion along the extension direction of the outer wall of the conical blank 100. The spinning is gradually performed from the end of the outer wall of the conical blank 100 near the retaining ring 101 to the end of the opening 102, that is, from the smallest diameter end of the conical blank 100 to the largest diameter end. During this process, the two spinning wheels apply force synchronously, which can evenly distribute the radial deformation force of the conical blank 100, avoid wrinkling or cracking caused by local stress concentration, and finally obtain the conical initial product.

[0029] Finally, the conical prototype is removed from the conical mandrel 200 and placed in an annealing furnace for heat treatment annealing. Specifically, it can be heated to 350-400℃ at a heating rate of 10℃ / min and held for 2-3 hours to eliminate the internal stress generated during spinning. Then, it is cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 5℃ / min to prevent material property fluctuations caused by rapid cooling. After annealing, the conical prototype is processed by CNC milling, grinding and other machining processes to remove surface excess and correct dimensional deviations, finally obtaining a conical product with a smooth inner wall and no tool marks on the outer wall.

[0030] In an optional embodiment, the spinning forming method of this application is used for spinning forming of a conical shell part. The spinning forming method includes: firstly, taking a sheet metal and processing it to form a conical blank 100, wherein a retaining ring 101 is processed at one end of the conical blank 100, and an opening 102 with an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the retaining ring 101 is processed at the other end, and a through cavity 103 is formed inside the conical blank 100 from the retaining ring 101 to the opening 102; and preparing a conical mandrel 200, an ejector 301, a first spinning wheel 302, and a second spinning wheel 303 according to the forming requirements, wherein the conical mandrel 200 and the ejector 301 are coaxially assembled onto a spinning equipment 400, and the first spinning wheel 302 and the second spinning wheel 303 are coaxially assembled onto a spinning equipment 400. The spinning wheels 303 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the conical core mold 200; the conical blank 100 is coaxially arranged on the conical core mold 200, and the top member 301 is operated to hold the retaining ring 101 of the conical blank 100 against the conical core mold 200; the conical core mold 200 and the top member 301 are operated to rotate synchronously, and at the same time, the first spinning wheel 302 and the second spinning wheel 303 are operated along the extension direction of the outer wall of the conical blank 100, from one end of the outer wall of the conical blank 100 near the retaining ring 101 to the other end, to obtain a conical preliminary product; the conical preliminary product is removed, heat-treated and annealed, and then the remaining material of the conical preliminary product is processed to obtain a conical finished product.

[0031] This spinning forming method significantly reduces the amount of spinning deformation by pre-forming the sheet metal into a conical blank 100. It can complete the forming without multiple spinning passes, avoiding the tool marks caused by the superposition of processes in traditional multi-pass spinning. The synchronous rotation of the conical core mold 200 and the top piece 301 provides a stable and coaxial rotation reference for the conical blank 100, ensuring that the blank is subjected to uniform force during spinning. The symmetrically arranged first spinning wheel 302 and second spinning wheel 303 spin synchronously along the outer wall extension direction, which can evenly distribute the deformation force to the blank surface, effectively suppressing defects such as wrinkling and cracking, reducing the need for complex control of multiple sets of process parameters, and reducing technical risks.

[0032] The pre-formed conical blank 100 reduces the spinning process, and with synchronous spinning operation, the production cycle is significantly shortened; the elimination of multiple processing steps reduces intermediate process management costs, and the material utilization rate is improved due to the optimization of deformation, effectively controlling processing costs; the elimination of tool marks and the uniform stress of the spinning process greatly improve the surface flatness and forming accuracy of the conical blank, and the subsequent heat treatment annealing can eliminate the internal stress generated during the spinning process, further ensuring the mechanical performance stability of the conical blank, and the allowance processing can precisely control the finished product size, meeting the high precision and high reliability requirements of aircraft structural components.

[0033] The advantages of this spinning forming method are simplified process, easy parameter control, and stable forming quality. Ultimately, it can achieve mass production, low cost, and high precision of conical aluminum shells. The resulting conical products not only have a smooth surface without tool marks, but also have excellent mechanical properties, ensuring the overall structural stability.

[0034] In an optional embodiment, one end of the conical core mold 200 is provided with a positioning end 201 for extending into the retaining ring 101, and the positioning end 201 is provided with an annular groove 202 for accommodating the retaining ring 101, the thickness of the annular groove 202 being less than the thickness of the retaining ring 101.

[0035] To further improve the coaxiality of the conical blank 100 and the conical core mold 200 and avoid the decrease in forming accuracy caused by blank positioning deviation during spinning, one end of the conical core mold 200 is integrally formed with a positioning end 201 for extending into the retaining ring 101. The outer diameter of the positioning end 201 is clearance-fitted with the inner diameter of the retaining ring 101 to ensure that the positioning end 201 can be accurately inserted into the retaining ring 101 to achieve radial positioning. At the same time, an annular groove 202 for accommodating the retaining ring 101 is provided on the outer wall of the positioning end 201. The thickness of the annular groove 202 is less than the thickness of the retaining ring 101 so that the retaining ring 101 is stably supported. When the conical blank 100 is fitted onto the conical core mold 200, the retaining ring 101 is embedded in the annular groove 202. The side wall and bottom of the annular groove 202 achieve dual radial and axial limiting of the retaining ring 101, which not only avoids the skewing of the retaining ring 101 when the top part 301 holds it, but also reduces the axial movement of the blank during the spinning process, thus improving the forming accuracy.

[0036] In an optional embodiment, when machining the conical blank 100, a circumferential chamfer 104 is machined between the retaining ring 101 and the outer wall of the conical blank 100, and a circumferential fillet 105 is machined on the outer edge of the opening 102.

[0037] Considering that the connection between the retaining ring 101 and the outer wall of the traditional conical blank 100, and the outer edge of the opening 102, are prone to cracking during spinning due to stress concentration, when machining the conical blank 100, a circumferential bevel angle 104 with an angle of 30°-45° is machined between the retaining ring 101 and the outer wall of the conical blank 100 using a CNC lathe. This bevel angle can reduce the stress concentration coefficient at the connection between the retaining ring 101 and the outer wall, avoiding cracks at this point during spinning. At the same time, a circumferential bevel angle 104 with an angle of 20°-30° is machined at the outer edge of the opening 102, with a bevel angle width of 2-3mm. This not only prevents operators from being scratched by sharp edges during assembly, but also guides the spinning wheel to make smooth contact with the blank in the early stage of spinning, avoiding local indentations caused by sharp edges when the spinning wheel initially contacts the blank. This significantly improves the surface quality of the outer wall of the conical blank, and the amount of material removed during subsequent finishing can be reduced by 10%-15%, further reducing processing costs and cycle time.

[0038] Considering that the connection between the retaining ring 101 and the outer wall of the traditional conical blank 100 is prone to cracking during spinning due to stress concentration, and that a sharp outer edge of the opening 102 not only poses a safety hazard during assembly but may also cause local indentations when in contact with the spinning wheel in the early stages of spinning, a circumferential bevel angle 104 with an angle of 30°-45° is machined between the retaining ring 101 and the outer wall of the conical blank 100 during machining. This bevel angle structure can reduce the stress concentration coefficient at the connection between the retaining ring 101 and the outer wall, significantly reducing the risk of cracking at this point during spinning, while providing a smooth transition contact path for the spinning wheel, avoiding jamming or local overload of the spinning wheel in this area; and a circumferential fillet 105 with a radius of 1.5-3mm is machined on the outer edge of the opening 102. The circumferential fillet 105 can not only effectively prevent operators from being scratched by sharp edges during the assembly and transportation of the conical blank 100, but also avoid the problem of local cracking during spinning.

[0039] In an optional embodiment, after processing the conical blank 100, the conical blank 100 is sent to a heat treatment equipment for annealing. The annealing temperature is controlled at 350-360℃, the holding time is 150-200min, and the blank is air-cooled after the holding time is completed.

[0040] After processing the conical blank 100, it is immediately sent to a box-type heat treatment equipment for stress-relief annealing. The annealing temperature is precisely controlled at 350-360℃, and the holding time is adjusted according to the wall thickness of the conical blank 100. As the wall thickness increases, the holding time is extended to ensure that the internal stress of the blank is fully released. After the holding time, it is cooled to room temperature by natural air cooling to avoid secondary stress generation caused by rapid cooling. This annealing treatment eliminates residual stress in the conical blank 100, reduces deformation fluctuations during spinning, significantly improves the stability of spinning, and effectively solves the problem of easy cracking in thick-walled areas in traditional processes.

[0041] In an optional embodiment, after machining the conical blank 100, the conical blank 100 is inspected using an ultrasonic flaw detector. If cracks are detected in the conical blank 100, it is discarded, and the conical blank 100 is re-machined and inspected again until the inspection results meet the requirements.

[0042] To ensure that the conical blank 100 entering the spinning process is free of internal defects such as cracks and inclusions, and to prevent these defects from expanding during spinning and causing the finished product to be scrapped, after processing the conical blank 100, a digital ultrasonic flaw detector is used to perform a full-coverage inspection of the conical blank 100. The inspection range includes key areas such as the retaining ring 101, the inner and outer walls of the cavity 103, and the edge of the opening 102. When a crack of corresponding length or an inclusion of corresponding area is detected in the conical blank 100, it is immediately marked and discarded. A new conical blank 100 is then processed from the same batch of sheet metal using the same process, and ultrasonic flaw detection is performed again until the inspection results meet the requirements. This improves the pass rate of the conical blank 100, avoids cost waste in subsequent spinning, annealing, and other processes due to blank defects, and ensures that the internal quality of the final conical product meets the corresponding requirements.

[0043] In an optional embodiment, when preparing the conical core mold 200, the first rotary wheel 302 and the second rotary wheel 303, the spinning surfaces of the first rotary wheel 302 and the second rotary wheel 303, and the circular runout of the outer wall of the conical core mold 200 are detected until the requirements are met.

[0044] Since the circular runout error between the spinning surface of the spinning wheel and the outer wall of the conical mandrel 200 directly affects the uniformity of the spinning pressure, leading to uneven wall thickness of the initial conical product, after preparing the conical mandrel 200, the first spinning wheel 302, and the second spinning wheel 303, a circular runout detector is used to inspect each component. For the spinning surfaces of the first spinning wheel 302 and the second spinning wheel 303 in contact with the blank, the radial circular runout is detected. If it exceeds the error range, the spinning surface is finely ground and corrected using a CNC grinding machine until it meets the standard. For the conical mandrel 200, the radial circular runout of the outer wall is detected. If it exceeds the tolerance, it is corrected step-by-step using an external cylindrical grinder and an end face grinder. After this inspection and correction, the coordination accuracy between the spinning wheel and the mandrel during the spinning process is significantly improved, the wall thickness uniformity error of the initial conical product is reduced, providing a good foundation for subsequent allowance processing, while also reducing abnormal wear of the spinning wheel and the mandrel, extending their service life.

[0045] In an optional embodiment, the first rotating wheel 302 and the second rotating wheel 303 are both circular arc rotating wheels, and the radius of the rounded corner of the first rotating wheel 302 is greater than the radius of the rounded corner of the second rotating wheel 303.

[0046] To accommodate the deformation requirements of different regions of the conical blank 100, the first spinning wheel 302 and the second spinning wheel 303 are configured as arc-shaped spinning wheels, with the radius of the first spinning wheel 302 being larger than that of the second spinning wheel 303. During the spinning process, the first spinning wheel 302, with its larger radius, first contacts the region of the conical blank 100 near the retaining ring 101. This region has a thicker wall and requires a larger contact area to distribute pressure. The larger radius of the first spinning wheel ensures a smooth transition with small deformations, avoiding stress concentration. Meanwhile, the second spinning wheel 303, with its smaller radius of the second spinning wheel, contacts the region of the conical blank 100 near the retaining ring 101 later. The smaller radius of the second spinning wheel allows for precise shaping, ensuring the dimensional accuracy of the opening 102's edge. This differentiated radius arrangement enables precise matching of deformation and stress states in different regions of the conical blank 100, improving efficiency and reliability.

[0047] In an optional embodiment, when the first spinning wheel 302 and the second spinning wheel 303 perform spinning operations, the radial misalignment of the first spinning wheel 302 and the second spinning wheel 303 is 0, the axial misalignment remains constant, the distance between the first spinning wheel 302 and the second spinning wheel 303 and the outer wall of the conical mandrel 200 is the same, and the first spinning wheel 302 contacts the conical blank 100 preferentially over the second spinning wheel 303.

[0048] To further optimize the motion coordination of the spinning wheels and avoid uneven spinning pressure caused by fluctuations in the misalignment between the two spinning wheels, the first spinning wheel 302 and the second spinning wheel 303 are strictly controlled to have a radial misalignment of 0 during the spinning operation using the spinning equipment 400. This means that the first spinning wheel 302 and the second spinning wheel 303 have no relative offset in the radial direction, ensuring symmetrical radial pressure on the blank. Simultaneously, the axial misalignment is kept constant to avoid excessive local deformation caused by changes in axial misalignment. The first spinning wheel 302 contacts the conical blank 100 first, performing preliminary shaping on the blank using the first spinning wheel 302. This provides a stable reference for subsequent processing by the second spinning wheel 303, preventing wrinkling of the blank due to the superposition of initial pressure when the two spinning wheels contact simultaneously. This reduces pressure fluctuations during the spinning process, resulting in no obvious indentations on the surface of the initial conical product and improving the yield rate.

[0049] In an optional embodiment, the center line of the first rotating wheel 302 and the center line of the second rotating wheel 303 are parallel to the outer wall of the conical core mold 200, respectively.

[0050] During the assembly stage, a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is used to measure the angles between the center lines of the first rotating wheel 302 and the second rotating wheel 303 and the outer wall of the conical mandrel 200. If any tilting is found, it is corrected by adjusting the angle of the rotating wheel support. During the spinning process, it is ensured that the parallelism between the center line and the outer wall of the mandrel remains within the allowable range as the rotating wheel moves along the extension direction of the outer wall of the conical mandrel 200. This parallelism control ensures that the contact area between the rotating wheel and the blank remains constant, avoiding excessive pressure in localized areas due to insufficient contact area, thus preventing the blank from cracking. It also ensures that the taper of the outer wall after spinning meets the required deviation range. This ensures that the rotating wheel remains in contact with the outer wall of the conical blank 100 throughout the spinning process, avoiding localized underpressure or overpressure caused by the tilting of the rotating wheel's center line.

[0051] In an optional embodiment, before the first spinning wheel 302 and the second spinning wheel 303 perform the spinning operation, a lubricating medium is sprayed onto the outer wall of the conical blank 100, and the conical blank 100 is heated by a heating device until the conical blank 100 reaches a preset temperature. Then the spinning operation begins, and the temperature of the conical blank 100 is detected and heated in conjunction with the operation to keep the temperature of the conical blank 100 within a preset range until the initial conical product is obtained. Then the lubricating medium is cleaned.

[0052] Before the first and second spinning wheels 302 and 303 perform the spinning operation, a layer of lubricating medium is uniformly sprayed onto the outer wall of the conical blank 100 using a high-pressure spraying device. High-temperature resistant graphite-based grease can be used to reduce wear on the spinning wheels and scratches on the blank surface. Subsequently, the conical blank 100 is locally heated using a heating device, with the heating area concentrated on the area where the spinning wheels will make contact. The blank temperature is monitored in real time using a thermometer. Once the temperature reaches the preset range, the spinning operation is initiated. During the spinning process, the subsequent contact area of ​​the blank is continuously preheated using an induction heating device, while the temperature of the spun area is monitored in real time using an infrared thermometer to ensure that the blank temperature remains within the preset range throughout the spinning process. After obtaining the initial conical product, the lubricating medium on the blank surface is thoroughly cleaned using a cleaning device and cleaning agent to prevent residual lubricating medium from affecting the subsequent heat treatment effect.

[0053] Preheating and lubrication operations can improve the plasticity of the billet, reduce the pressure required for spinning, and avoid the problem of billet cracking during cold spinning. The surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the tapered initial product are significantly improved.

[0054] It should be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only for distinguishing descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Although the terms "first," "second," etc., may be used herein to describe various units, these units should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one unit from another. For example, a first unit may be referred to as a second unit, and similarly, a second unit may be referred to as a first unit, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments of the invention.

[0055] It should be understood that the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, B exists alone, and A and B exist simultaneously. The term " / and" in this article describes another relationship between related objects, indicating that two relationships can exist. For example, A / and B can mean: A exists alone, and A and B exist alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the related objects before and after it are in an "or" relationship.

[0056] It should be understood that in the description of this invention, the terms "upper," "vertical," "inner," "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship as commonly placed when the disclosed product is used, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0057] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0058] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” and / or “including” as used herein specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, units, and / or components, and do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, quantities, steps, operations, units, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0059] Specific details are provided in the following description to provide a complete understanding of the exemplary embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the exemplary embodiments can be implemented without these specific details. In other embodiments, well-known processes, structures, and techniques may be omitted in the depiction of non-essential details to avoid obscuring the exemplary embodiments.

[0060] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

[0061] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for spinning a conical shell component, characterized in that, The spinning forming method includes: A sheet material is processed into a conical blank. One end of the conical blank is processed with a retaining ring, and the other end is processed with an opening whose inner diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the retaining ring. The conical blank has a through cavity from the retaining ring to the opening. A conical core mold, an ejector, a first spinning wheel, and a second spinning wheel are prepared according to the molding requirements. The conical core mold and the ejector are coaxially assembled onto a spinning device. The first spinning wheel and the second spinning wheel are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the conical core mold. The conical blank is coaxially arranged on the conical core mold, and the top member is operated to hold the retaining ring of the conical blank against the conical core mold; The conical core mold and the top piece are rotated synchronously. At the same time, the first and second rotating wheels are operated along the extension direction of the outer wall of the conical blank, from one end of the outer wall of the conical blank near the retaining ring to the other end, to obtain the conical initial product. After removing the conical initial product and performing heat treatment annealing, the remaining material of the conical initial product is processed to obtain the conical finished product.

2. The spinning forming method for the conical shell part as described in claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the conical core mold is provided with a positioning end for extending into the retaining ring, and the positioning end is provided with an annular groove for accommodating the retaining ring, the thickness of the annular groove being less than the thickness of the retaining ring.

3. The spinning forming method for the conical shell part as described in claim 1, characterized in that: When machining the conical blank, a circumferential bevel is machined between the retaining ring and the outer wall of the conical blank, and a circumferential fillet is machined on the outer edge of the opening.

4. The spinning forming method for the conical shell part as described in claim 1, characterized in that: After processing the conical blank, the conical blank is sent to a heat treatment equipment for annealing. The annealing temperature is controlled at 350-360℃, the holding time is 150-200min, and the blank is air-cooled after the holding time is completed.

5. The spinning forming method for the conical shell part as described in claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: After machining the conical blank, the conical blank is inspected using an ultrasonic flaw detector. If cracks are detected in the conical blank, it is discarded, and the conical blank is re-machined and inspected again until the inspection results meet the requirements.

6. The spinning forming method for the conical shell part as described in claim 1, characterized in that: When preparing the conical core mold, the first rotary wheel, and the second rotary wheel, the circular runout of the spinning surfaces of the first rotary wheel and the second rotary wheel, and the outer wall of the conical core mold, is detected until the requirements are met.

7. The spinning forming method for the conical shell part as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first and second rotating wheels are both circular arc rotating wheels, and the radius of the rounded corner of the first rotating wheel is greater than that of the rounded corner of the second rotating wheel.

8. The spinning forming method for the conical shell part as described in claim 1, characterized in that: When the first and second spinning wheels are spinning, the radial misalignment of the first and second spinning wheels is 0, the axial misalignment remains constant, the distance between the first and second spinning wheels and the outer wall of the conical mandrel is the same, and the first spinning wheel contacts the conical blank first, prior to the second spinning wheel.

9. The spinning forming method for the conical shell part as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The center lines of the first and second rotating wheels are parallel to the outer wall of the conical core mold, respectively.

10. The spinning forming method for the conical shell part as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Before the first and second spinning wheels perform spinning operations, a lubricating medium is sprayed onto the outer wall of the conical blank, and the conical blank is heated by a heating device until the conical blank reaches a preset temperature. Then, the spinning operation begins. The temperature of the conical blank is detected and heated in conjunction with the operation to keep the temperature of the conical blank within a preset range until a conical initial product is obtained. Then, the lubricating medium is cleaned.

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