Friction pair surface treatment method based on brush electroplating and arc ion plating composite process

Abstract

The invention discloses a friction pair surface treatment method based on a brush electroplating and arc ion plating composite process, which comprises the following steps: carrying out brush electroplating pretreatment through matrix pretreatment, electrocleaning treatment, pickling treatment and activating treatment; a nano nickel-based composite coating is formed on the surface of a driving part of the friction pair by adopting an electric brush plating method; a chromium nitride plating layer is formed on the surface of a driven part of the friction pair through an arc ion plating method; the driving part of the friction pair and the driven part of the friction pair are constructed to form the friction pair, and the friction pair is subjected to opposite abrasion testing. A nickel-based nano composite coating is prepared on the surface of a metal matrix by adopting an electric brush plating technology, and a chromium nitride coating is prepared on the surface of steel by combining an electric arc ion plating technology, so that a friction pair structure which works cooperatively is formed, a composite coating system is optimized, and the mechanical wear resistance of a friction pair is improved, so that the use requirements under complex working conditions are met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of surface treatment, in particular to a friction pair surface treatment method based on a composite process of electro-brush plating and arc ion plating. BACKGROUND

[0002] In many industrial fields such as mechanical equipment, transportation and energy power, a large number of parts are in relative motion and friction and wear conditions for a long time, such as shafts, gears, bearings, guide rails and sealing rings. Such parts constitute a pair of abrasion system, the friction pair includes a driving part and a driven part, and the surface wear resistance directly affects the service life, operation reliability and subsequent maintenance cost of the equipment. Traditional surface strengthening technologies, such as carburizing and nitriding processes, have been widely used in the manufacture of wear-resistant parts for a long time because they can significantly improve the hardness and wear resistance of the surface of steel and other materials. However, carburizing treatment usually needs to be carried out at high temperature, which can easily cause large deformation of the workpiece, and has high energy consumption and long process cycle, which is particularly disadvantageous for precision parts or workpieces that have completed precision machining. In contrast, the nitriding process can be carried out at a lower temperature with less deformation, but the depth of the nitriding layer and the hardness improvement may still be difficult to meet the requirements in extremely harsh conditions, and the treatment time is still long. More importantly, these two processes are mainly suitable for heat-treatable substrates of specific materials, and have certain limitations in application range. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present application provides a friction pair surface treatment method based on a composite process of electro-brush plating and arc ion plating, which uses electro-brush plating technology to prepare a nickel-based nanocomposite coating on the surface of a metal substrate, and combines with the chromium nitride coating prepared on the steel surface by arc ion plating to form a friction pair structure that works synergistically, optimizes the composite coating system, and improves the mechanical wear resistance of the friction pair to meet the use requirements under complex conditions.

[0004] The present application provides a friction pair surface treatment method based on a composite process of electro-brush plating and arc ion plating, comprising: The electro-brush plating pretreatment is carried out by pretreating the substrate, electrically cleaning, pickling and activating; A nanometer nickel-based composite coating is formed on the surface of the driving part of the friction pair by electro-brush plating method; A chromium nitride coating is formed on the surface of the driven part of the friction pair by arc ion plating method; The driving part of the friction pair and the driven part of the friction pair are constructed to form a friction pair, and the friction pair is tested for abrasion.

[0005] According to some embodiments of the present application, the electro-brush plating pretreatment comprises: The base body is pretreated to remove oil and impurities on the surface of the friction pair to ensure good adhesion between the plating layer and the base body; The base body is electro-cleaned to remove oil and impurities on the surface of the friction pair; The base body is pickled to remove oxides and rust on the surface of the friction pair; The base body is activated to remove carbon black on the surface of the friction pair.

[0006] According to some embodiments of the present application, the method for forming a nano nickel-based composite plating layer on the surface of the driving part of the friction pair by using the electro-brush plating method comprises the following steps: The base body is electro-brush plated with a bottom layer of nickel by using a bottom layer of nickel plating solution to impact plate on the surface of the base body through high voltage, so that the plating layer closely adheres to the surface of the base body which is covered with small pits after activation; The base body is electro-brush plated with an intermediate layer of copper by using an intermediate layer of copper plating solution to form an intermediate layer; The base body is electro-brush plated with a working layer of nickel by using a working layer of nickel plating solution to form a wear-resistant plating layer.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present application, the method for forming a chromium nitride plating layer on the surface of the driven part of the friction pair by using the arc ion plating method comprises the following steps: The driven part of the friction pair is placed in a vacuum chamber and vacuumized to form a high-vacuum environment; The driven part of the friction pair is preheated by resistance heating or glow discharge, inert gas is introduced, a negative bias voltage is applied between the driven part of the friction pair and the wall of the vacuum chamber to generate glow discharge, and high-energy Ar ions bombard the surface of the driven part of the friction pair to remove residual contaminants and oxide layers; A metal target is installed in the vacuum chamber as a cathode, the wall of the vacuum chamber or an auxiliary anode is used as an anode, a direct current voltage is applied to trigger arc discharge, so that the surface of the target is partially melted and evaporated to form a metal plasma; The vacuum chamber is introduced with a reaction gas, and the metal ions and gas molecules in the plasma chemically react to generate a compound deposited on the surface of the driven part of the friction pair; A negative bias voltage is applied to the driven part of the friction pair to attract positively charged metal / compound ions to move to its surface to deposit and form a thin film; After deposition is completed, the arc and the reaction gas are turned off, inert gas is introduced or vacuum is maintained, and the vacuum chamber is opened to take out the driven part of the friction pair after it is cooled to room temperature.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present application, the composition of the electro-cleaner is 30g of NaOH, 40g of Na2CO3, and 65~70g of Na3PO4 per liter of the electro-cleaner, and the electro-cleaning process comprises: connecting a power supply with a voltage of 10~12V for 2min.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the pickling solution is composed of 36 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 120 g of NaCl per liter of activation solution. The pickling process includes: reversing the power supply, micro-etching the substrate surface, and pickling at a voltage of 11~15V for 30 seconds.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the citrate activator is composed of 90g of citric acid, 160g of sodium citrate and 2g of NaCl per liter of activation solution. The activation treatment includes: activating with a reverse power supply at a voltage of 12V~15V for 60s to remove carbon black remaining on the sample surface during pickling.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the composition of the bottom nickel plating solution is as follows: per liter of plating solution, there are 300-350g of main salt NiSO4·6H2O, 10-20g of auxiliary salt NiCl2·6H2O, 20-30mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and 40-55mL of acetic acid. The brush plating of the bottom nickel includes: turning the power supply positive, brush plating the bottom nickel at a voltage of 11-15V, and impact plating on the substrate surface by high voltage to make the plating layer closely adhere to the activated substrate surface covered with fine pits, and controlling the brush plating time to 90s.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the composition of the intermediate copper plating solution is 30-270g of CuSO4·5H2O2 and 1g of sodium thiocyanate per liter of plating solution; the intermediate copper plating by brush includes: adjusting the pH to 3.0 with sulfuric acid and sodium acetate; and brush plating copper for 90s at a voltage of 2-3V.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the formulation of the nickel plating solution for the working layer is 300-350 g / L NiSO4, 20-30 g / L nickel chloride, 40 g / L boric acid, and a nanoparticle concentration of 10 g / L; the nickel plating of the working layer by brushing includes: brushing nickel at a voltage of 4-6V for 10 min, adjusting the pH to 4.5 with sodium thiocyanate 1 g / L, sodium hydroxide, and sulfuric acid to form a wear-resistant coating.

[0014] The surface treatment method for friction pairs based on a composite process of electrobrush plating and arc ion plating according to embodiments of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. A friction pair consisting of a nickel-based composite coating based on brush plating and a chromium nitride coating based on arc ion plating has a significantly lower wear rate than the untreated substrate.

[0015] 2. The electroplating coating has a repairable function. When the coating on the workpiece reaches its wear life, the electroplating process can be repeated for rework and repair, thereby reducing maintenance costs.

[0016] 3. The composite coating has the characteristics of low hardness, low wear rate and good toughness, making it suitable for withstanding friction and wear under large loads without brittle fracture.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be in part apparent and in part pointed out below in the description of the application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and be readily appreciated from the following description, including the appended drawings. Figure 1 Flow chart of the surface treatment method of the friction pair based on the combined process of electro-brush plating and arc ion plating according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 Flow chart of the electro-brush plating pretreatment of the surface treatment method of the friction pair based on the combined process of electro-brush plating and arc ion plating according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 Flow chart of the formation of the nanometer nickel-based composite plating layer on the surface of the driving part of the friction pair by the electro-brush plating method of the surface treatment method of the friction pair based on the combined process of electro-brush plating and arc ion plating according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 Flow chart of the formation of the chromium nitride plating layer on the surface of the driven part of the friction pair by the arc ion plating method of the surface treatment method of the friction pair based on the combined process of electro-brush plating and arc ion plating according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 Friction coefficient curve of the electro-brush plated nickel-based composite plating layer and the arc ion plated chromium nitride plating layer according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Embodiments of the present application are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like or similar elements are denoted by the same reference numerals throughout the drawings. The embodiments described below are merely examples for explaining the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0020] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation description, such as the orientation or position relationship indicated by up, down, front, back, left, right, etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the indicated device or element to have a specific orientation, to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0021] In the description of the present application, the meaning of "several" is one or more, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, greater than, less than, more than, etc. are understood as not including the number, "above", "below", "within" and the like are understood as including the number. If there is a description of "first", "second" and the like, it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or the sequence of indicated technical features.

[0022] In the description of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly limited, the words "set", "install", "connect" and "connected" should be broadly understood, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above words in the present application in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0023] With the increasing demand for equipment performance in modern industry and the growing demand for remanufacturing and on-site repair, developing efficient, adaptable and excellent performance surface wear-resistant strengthening technology has become a key issue. As a flexible local electrodeposition method, brush plating technology has been widely used in part repair field due to its simple equipment, flexible operation, rich plating layer types, and the ability to realize on-site repair of large or complex workpieces at room temperature. However, this technology has strong dependence on the surface state of the substrate. When the surface roughness of the workpiece is large, the geometry is complex, or the repair layer surface needs to be directly deposited, the problems of insufficient plating layer adhesion and poor deposition coverage uniformity often occur. Compared with this, the electric arc ion plating technology can prepare hard thin films (such as nitrides and carbides) with dense structure, extremely high hardness and excellent adhesion strength due to the high energy of deposited particles, and has excellent performance in improving material wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and has become an important representative of modern physical vapor deposition technology. However, the thickness of the plating layer is usually limited, and in harsh working conditions such as high load, long time sliding or impact wear, the wear resistance and adhesion strength of a single plating layer are still difficult to fully meet the application requirements.

[0024] Therefore, although the existing surface treatment technologies have their own advantages, in order to meet the multiple requirements of modern industry for high wear resistance, long service life, adaptability to complex working conditions and convenient implementation, a single surface strengthening method, whether it is traditional carburizing, nitriding, or brush plating or electric arc ion plating, has certain limitations. Therefore, it is urgent to explore a new type of composite surface treatment strategy that can integrate the advantages of existing technologies and make up for their shortcomings, in order to more efficiently improve the comprehensive wear resistance and service reliability of the wear parts.

[0025] The technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below through the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] Please refer to Figure 1This embodiment provides a surface treatment method for friction pairs based on a composite process of electrobrush plating and arc ion plating, mainly including steps S101~S104: S101. Electroplating pretreatment is carried out through substrate pretreatment, electro-cleaning treatment, pickling treatment and activation treatment.

[0027] S102. A nano-nickel-based composite coating is formed on the surface of the active component of the friction pair using an electroplating method.

[0028] S103. A chromium nitride plating layer is formed on the surface of the driven part of the friction pair using an arc ion plating method.

[0029] S104. The driving component and the driven component of the friction pair are used to form a friction pair, and a wear test is performed on the friction pair.

[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, the electroplating pretreatment in this embodiment includes the following steps: S201. Pretreatment of the substrate to remove oil and impurities from the surface of the friction pair to ensure good adhesion between the coating and the substrate.

[0031] S202. Electro-cleaning treatment: using an electro-cleaning solution to remove oil stains from the surfaces of the friction pairs.

[0032] S203. Pickling treatment: using pickling solution to micro-etch the substrate surface to remove oxides and rust from the friction pair surface.

[0033] S204. Activation treatment: Activation treatment is performed using citrate activator to remove carbon black residue left on the sample surface during pickling.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown in the embodiments of this application, the formation of a nano-nickel-based composite coating on the surface of the active component of the friction pair using an electroplating method may include the following steps: S301, Electroplating of the base nickel layer: using a base nickel plating solution to brush the base nickel layer, and then using high voltage to perform impact plating on the substrate surface so that the plating layer adheres tightly to the activated substrate surface covered with tiny pits. S302, Brush plating of intermediate copper layer: Copper plating is performed using intermediate copper plating solution to form an intermediate layer; S303, nickel plating of the working layer using a brush plating solution to form a wear-resistant coating.

[0035] like Figure 4 As shown in the embodiments of this application, the formation of a chromium nitride plating layer on the surface of the driven member of a friction pair using an arc ion plating method may include the following steps: S401. After placing the driven part of the friction pair into the vacuum chamber, evacuate the vacuum chamber to form a high vacuum environment; S402, preheating by resistance heating or glow discharge, inert gas is introduced, a negative bias is applied between the driven part of the friction pair and the wall of the vacuum chamber, a glow discharge is generated, and high-energy Ar ions bombard the surface of the driven part of the friction pair to remove residual contaminants and oxide layers; S403, installing a metal target as a cathode in the vacuum chamber, the wall of the vacuum chamber or an auxiliary anode as an anode, applying a direct current voltage to trigger arc discharge to locally melt and evaporate the surface of the target to form a metal plasma; S404, introducing a reaction gas into the vacuum chamber, and the metal ions and gas molecules in the plasma chemically react to form a compound deposited on the surface of the driven part of the friction pair; S405, a negative bias is applied to the driven part of the friction pair to attract positively charged metal / compound ions to its surface to deposit a thin film; S406, after deposition is completed, the arc and the reaction gas are turned off, the vacuum is maintained or inert gas is introduced, and after the driven part of the friction pair cools to room temperature, the vacuum chamber is opened and removed.

[0036] In some embodiments of the application, the composition of the electric cleaning liquid is 30g of NaOH, 40g of Na2CO3 and 65~70g of Na3PO4 per liter of electric cleaning liquid. The electric cleaning process includes: positive connection of the power supply, and brushing for 2min at a voltage of 10~12V.

[0037] In some embodiments of the application, the composition of the pickling liquid is 36ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 120g of NaCl per liter of activation liquid. The pickling process includes: reverse connection of the power supply, micro-etching of the surface of the substrate, and pickling for 30s at a voltage of 11~15V.

[0038] In some embodiments of the application, the composition of the citrate activator is 90g of citric acid, 160g of sodium citrate and 2g of NaCl per liter of activation liquid. The activation process includes: reverse connection of the power supply, activation for 60s at a voltage of 12V~15V, and removal of carbon black remaining on the surface of the sample after pickling.

[0039] In some embodiments of the application, the composition of the bottom layer nickel plating solution is 300~350g of main salt NiSO4·6H2O, 10~20g of auxiliary salt NiCl2·6H2O, 20-30mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 40-55mL of acetic acid per liter of plating solution. The electric brush plating of the bottom layer nickel includes: positive connection of the power supply, brush plating of the bottom layer nickel at a voltage of 11~15V, impact plating on the surface of the substrate by high voltage to make the plating layer closely adhere to the surface of the substrate activated with small pits, and control of the brush plating time to be 90s.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present application, the composition of the intermediate layer copper plating solution is 230~270g of CuSO4·5H2O and 1g of sodium thiocyanate per liter of plating solution. The intermediate layer copper is brush plated by adjusting the pH to 3.0 with sulfuric acid and sodium acetate, and applying a voltage of 2~3V for 90s.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present application, the formulation of the working layer nickel plating solution is 300-350g / L of NiSO4, 20-30g / L of nickel chloride, 40g / L of boric acid, and 10g / L of nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles are diamond, ZrO2 or Al2O3. The working layer nickel is brush plated by applying a voltage of 4~6V for 10min, 1g / L of sodium thiocyanate, and adjusting the pH to 4.5 with sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid to form a wear-resistant plating layer.

[0042] The method for forming the nanometer nickel-based composite plating layer by brush plating in the embodiments of the present application can include the following detailed steps: 1. Pretreatment of the substrate: first, coarsely grind the sample with 80# sandpaper to remove the surface oxide layer and rust; then, finely grind the sample with 400# sandpaper to improve the surface finish; finally, rinse and wipe the sample with acetone to remove oil stains and impurities, so as to ensure good adhesion between the plating layer and the substrate.

[0043] 2. Electrocleaning: the composition of the electrocleaning solution is 30g of NaOH, 40g of Na2CO3 and 65~70g of Na3PO4 per liter of electrocleaning solution. The positive power supply is connected, and the sample to be plated is brushed for 2min at a voltage of 10~12V to remove oil stains on the surface of the sample.

[0044] 3. Pickling: the composition of the pickling solution is 36ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 120g of NaCl per liter of activation solution. The negative power supply is connected, and the surface of the substrate is etched at a voltage of 11~15V for 30s. The purpose is to remove the oxides and rust on the surface of the sample, expose the fresh metal surface and make it rough, and improve the adhesion of the brush plated layer.

[0045] 4. Activation: the composition of the citrate activator is 90g of citric acid, 160g of sodium citrate and 2g of NaCl per liter of activation solution. The negative power supply is connected, and the sample is activated at a voltage of 12V~15V for 60s to remove the carbon black remaining on the surface of the sample after pickling.

[0046] 5. Brush plating of the Ni bottom layer: the composition of the bottom layer Ni plating solution is 300~350g of NiSO4·6H2O, 10~20g of NiCl2·6H2O, 20-30mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 40-55mL of acetic acid per liter of plating solution. The positive power supply is connected, and the bottom nickel is brush plated at a voltage of 11~15V. High voltage is used to impact plate on the surface of the substrate, so that the plating layer closely adheres to the substrate surface which is covered with fine pits after activation, thereby improving the adhesion. The brush plating time is controlled to be about 90s.

[0047] 6. Brush plating Cu intermediate layer: The composition of the Cu plating solution for the intermediate layer is 230-270 g of CuSO4·5H2O and 1 g of sodium thiocyanate per liter of the plating solution, and the pH is adjusted to 3.0 with sulfuric acid and sodium acetate. The copper layer is formed by brush plating copper at a voltage of 2-3 V for 90 s, has a small internal stress, and has a strong binding force with the underlying nickel and the brush-plated nickel, and can be used as an intermediate layer.

[0048] 7. Brush plating Ni working layer: The Ni plating solution for the working layer has a formula of NiSO4 300-350 g / L, nickel chloride 20-30 g / L, boric acid 40 g / L, and a nano-particle concentration of 10 g / L, wherein the nano-particles are diamond, ZrO2 or Al2O3. The nickel layer is formed by brush plating nickel at a voltage of 4-6 V for 10 min, with 1 g / L of sodium thiocyanate, and the pH is adjusted to 4.5 with sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid, to form the final wear-resistant plating layer.

[0049] The arc ion plating method used in the embodiments of the present application to form the chromium nitride plating layer can include the following detailed steps: 1. Vacuum chamber preparation: Place the sample to be plated into the vacuum chamber, ensuring that the sample surface is clean. After closing the vacuum chamber, vacuumize to a high vacuum environment below 1×10⁻³ Pa to exclude the influence of air impurities on the plating quality.

[0050] 2. Sample preheating and ion cleaning: Preheating: heat the sample to 200–500°C by resistance heating or glow discharge to reduce thermal stress and activate the surface.

[0051] Ion cleaning: introduce inert gas and apply a negative bias voltage between the sample and the vacuum chamber wall to generate glow discharge. High-energy Ar ions bombard the sample surface to remove residual contaminants and oxide layers, improving coating adhesion.

[0052] 3. Start the arc evaporation source Install a metal target as the cathode in the vacuum chamber, and the vacuum chamber wall or an auxiliary anode as the anode. Apply a direct current voltage of 20–40 V to trigger arc discharge, causing the target surface to partially melt and evaporate, forming a metal plasma. The arc is constrained by a magnetic field, which can control the evaporation area and plasma distribution. 4. Introduce the reaction gas To prepare the coating, introduce the reaction gas into the vacuum chamber. Metal ions and gas molecules undergo chemical reactions in the plasma to form compounds that deposit on the sample surface.

[0053] 5. Coating deposition The sample is applied with a negative bias to attract the positively charged metal / compound ions to its surface. The kinetic energy of the ions on the sample surface is converted into heat energy, promoting atomic diffusion and coating densification, forming a uniform, strongly bonded thin film. Parameters need to be controlled during deposition.

[0054] 6. Cooling and sample removal After deposition, the arc and reaction gas are turned off, and the vacuum chamber is kept at vacuum or inert gas is introduced. After the sample is slowly cooled to room temperature, the vacuum chamber is opened and the sample is removed.

[0055] The above S104 step of rubbing the friction pair for wear test includes: 1. The driving part of the friction pair is polished with sandpaper and placed on a CFT-1 type friction and wear tester. The driven part is clamped with a special clamping device to rub against each other. 2. Load 100N, sliding friction speed is 200r / min, and friction time is 15min.

[0056] 3. The wear volume of the wear scar is measured by laser confocal microscope, and the volume wear rate is calculated. The wear rate W is calculated from the wear scar volume according to the classical wear equation: W=V / (d·F) Where V represents the wear volume (mm3); d represents the sliding distance (m), d=L·2·f·t, f represents the friction reciprocating frequency; F represents the normal load (N).

[0057] The volume wear rate table is calculated as follows: The volume wear rate table quantifies the volume wear rate of each sample. The results show that the wear rate of the diamond composite coating is the lowest, followed by zirconia and aluminum oxide, which are significantly better than the untreated substrate.

[0058] See Figure 5 According to the friction coefficient curve of the brush plated nickel-based composite coating and the arc ion plated CrN coating, the friction coefficient curve shows that the friction coefficient of the composite coating is rapidly stabilized after a short running-in period, and the diamond reinforced nickel-based composite coating exhibits a lower and stable friction coefficient.

[0059] By combining the friction coefficient curve with the volume wear rate data, it is proved that the composite friction pair formed by the brush plated nickel-based composite coating and the arc ion plated chromium nitride coating can significantly improve the tribological performance under high load reciprocating friction conditions. The wear rate of the friction pair composed of the Ni-based composite coating based on brush plating and the CrN coating plated by arc ion plating is significantly smaller than that of the untreated substrate. The brush plated coating has a repairable function. When the plated coating on the brushed workpiece reaches the wear life, the brush plating process can be repeated for rework repair, thereby reducing the maintenance cost. The composite coating has the characteristics of low hardness, low wear rate and good toughness, and is suitable for bearing large load friction and wear without brittle fracture. This composite coating process can effectively reduce the friction coefficient and wear of the friction pair, improve the surface wear resistance and service life, has a wide range of applications, and embodies the potential advantages in practical engineering applications.

[0060] The embodiments of the application are described in detail above with reference to the drawings, but the application is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the purpose of the application.

Claims

1. A surface treatment method for friction pairs based on a composite process of electrobrush plating and arc ion plating, characterized in that, include: The electroplating pretreatment is carried out through substrate pretreatment, electro-cleaning treatment, pickling treatment and activation treatment; A nano-nickel-based composite coating is formed on the surface of the active component of the friction pair using an electroplating method; A chromium nitride plating layer is formed on the surface of the driven part of the friction pair using an arc ion plating method; The driving component and the driven component of the friction pair are used to construct the friction pair, and the friction pair is subjected to a wear test.

2. The surface treatment method for friction pairs based on a composite process of electrobrush plating and arc ion plating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electroplating pretreatment includes: Pretreatment of the substrate removes oil and impurities from the surfaces of the friction pairs to ensure good adhesion between the coating and the substrate; Electro-cleaning treatment: using an electro-cleaning solution to remove oil and dirt from the surfaces of the friction pairs; Pickling treatment involves using pickling solution to micro-etch the substrate surface to remove oxides and rust from the friction pair surface. Activation treatment: Citrate activator is used to remove carbon black residue left on the sample surface during pickling.

3. The surface treatment method for friction pairs based on a composite process of electrobrush plating and arc ion plating according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method of forming a nano-nickel-based composite coating on the surface of the active component of the friction pair using an electrobrush plating method includes: Electroplating of the base nickel involves using a base nickel plating solution to brush the base nickel onto the substrate surface, and then using high voltage to perform impact plating on the substrate surface so that the plating layer adheres tightly to the activated substrate surface covered with tiny pits. The intermediate copper layer is plated by brush plating, using an intermediate copper plating solution to form an intermediate layer. The working layer of nickel is plated by brushing, using a nickel plating solution to form a wear-resistant coating.

4. The surface treatment method for friction pairs based on a composite process of electrobrush plating and arc ion plating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of forming a chromium nitride plating layer on the surface of the driven part of the friction pair using an arc ion plating method includes: After the driven part of the friction pair is placed into the vacuum chamber, the vacuum is evacuated to create a high vacuum environment; Preheating is performed by resistance heating or glow discharge, inert gas is introduced, and a negative bias voltage is applied between the driven part of the friction pair and the vacuum chamber wall to generate glow discharge. High-energy Ar ions bombard the surface of the driven part of the friction pair to remove residual contaminants and oxide layers. A metal target is installed in a vacuum chamber as a cathode, and the vacuum chamber wall or auxiliary anode is used as an anode. A DC voltage is applied to trigger an arc discharge, so that the surface of the target material is locally melted and evaporated to form a metal plasma. A reactive gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber, where metal ions and gas molecules undergo a chemical reaction in the plasma, generating compounds that are deposited on the surface of the driven part of the friction pair. When a negative bias voltage is applied to the driven component of a friction pair, positively charged metal / compound ions are attracted to move toward its surface and deposit to form a thin film. After deposition is complete, turn off the electric arc and the reactive gas, maintain a vacuum or introduce an inert gas, and wait for the driven part of the friction pair to cool to room temperature before opening the vacuum chamber and removing it.

5. The surface treatment method for friction pairs based on a composite process of electrobrush plating and arc ion plating according to claim 2, characterized in that, The composition of the electro-purifying solution is 30g of NaOH, 40g of Na2CO3, and 65-70g of Na3PO4 per liter. The electro-purifying treatment includes: connecting the power supply in the positive direction and brushing with a voltage of 10-12V for 2 minutes.

6. The surface treatment method for friction pairs based on a composite process of electrobrush plating and arc ion plating according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pickling solution is composed of 36 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 120 g of NaCl per liter of activation solution. The pickling process includes: reversing the power supply, micro-etching the substrate surface, and pickling at a voltage of 11~15V for 30 seconds.

7. The surface treatment method for friction pairs based on a composite process of electrobrush plating and arc ion plating according to claim 6, characterized in that, The citrate activator is composed of 90g of citric acid, 160g of sodium citrate and 2g of NaCl per liter of activation solution. The activation treatment includes: reversing the power supply and activating with a voltage of 12V~15V for 60s to remove the carbon black remaining on the sample surface during pickling.

8. The surface treatment method for friction pairs based on a composite process of electrobrush plating and arc ion plating according to claim 2, characterized in that, The composition of the bottom nickel plating solution is as follows: per liter of plating solution, there are 300-350g of main salt NiSO4·6H2O, 10-20g of auxiliary salt NiCl2·6H2O, 20-30mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and 40-55mL of acetic acid. The brush plating of the bottom nickel includes: connecting the power supply to the positive connection and brush plating the bottom nickel at a voltage of 11-15V. The high voltage is used to impact the plating on the substrate surface, so that the plating layer adheres tightly to the activated substrate surface with fine pits. The brush plating time is controlled to be 90s.

9. The surface treatment method for friction pairs based on a composite process of electrobrush plating and arc ion plating according to claim 8, characterized in that, The intermediate layer copper plating solution contains 30~270g of CuSO4·5H2O2 and 1g of sodium thiocyanate per liter of plating solution. The intermediate copper layer plating process involves: adjusting the pH to 3.0 with sulfuric acid and sodium acetate; and plating copper for 90 seconds at a voltage of 2-3V.

10. The surface treatment method for friction pairs based on a composite process of electrobrush plating and arc ion plating according to claim 9, characterized in that, The formulation of the nickel plating solution for the working layer is NiSO4 300-350g / L, nickel chloride 20-30g / L, boric acid 40g / L, and nanoparticle concentration of 10g / L; the electroplating of the working layer nickel includes: brush plating nickel at a voltage of 4~6V for 10min, sodium thiocyanate 1g / L, and adjusting the pH to 4.5 with sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid to form a wear-resistant coating.

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