200 results about "Chromium nitride" patented technology

Disclosed are a flux-cored welding strip and a welding flux used in combination for submerged arc welding of a duplex stainless steel, and preparation methods and use thereof. The flux-cored welding strip is composed of a stainless steel shell and a flux core powder, the flux core powder consisting of the following components: in percentages by mass, ferrochrome nitride: 0.70% to 1.0%, a chromium powder: 26% to 27%, a nickel powder: 4.5% to 5.5%, a molybdenum powder: 3.7% to 4.2%, a manganese powder: 2.55% to 2.65%, a copper powder: 1.45% to 1.55%, a ferrosilicon powder: 1.1% to 1.2%, a tungsten powder: 1.0% to 1.15%, a niobium powder: 0.25% to 0.35%, an aluminum powder: 0.35% to 0.55%, a rhenium powder: 0.35% to 0.40%, a lanthanum powder: 0.1% to 0.15%, and a balance being an iron powder.

The invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and provides a hard alloy wear-resistant steel ball suitable for mine ore grinding and a preparation method thereof.The hard alloy wear-resistant steel ball is prepared from waste steel pig iron as a basic raw material and chemical components including 2.1%-2.2% of C, 9.8%-10.0% of Cr, 0.10%-0.20% of V and 0.03%-0.06% of Ti; a core-shell precipitated phase microstructure design with MN / MCN as a hard core and chromium carbonitride as a gradient self-passivation shell layer is formed through medium-frequency induction furnace smelting, controlled nitrogen introduction establishment of a V-Ti-C-N microalloy system, bottom pouring solidification and austenitizing quenching and tempering heat treatment processes, and the performance indexes that the surface hardness is HRC60-63 and the core hardness is HRC54-58 are achieved; the average particle size of a core-shell precipitated phase is in dispersed distribution of 20-200nm, the shell thickness is 5-50nm, and the alloy steel ball has excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance under the high-impact and high-wear working conditions of wet ore grinding, solves the problem of insufficient wear resistance and corrosion resistance of a traditional alloy steel ball, and has wide mine ore grinding application value.

The invention relates to the technical field of stainless steel pneumatic cylinder barrels, and particularly discloses a wear-resistant stainless steel pipe for a pneumatic cylinder barrel and a preparation process thereof.The wear-resistant stainless steel pipe for the pneumatic cylinder barrel comprises the steps that firstly, a powder metallurgy method is adopted, tungsten carbide, cerium oxide, chromium nitride and other components are added into stainless steel powder, and the performance of a steel pipe base body is enhanced; the corrosion-resistant alloy layer is deposited on the surface of the steel pipe, so that the corrosion resistance, wear resistance and other properties of the steel pipe are enhanced, finally, a silicon nitride wear-resistant ceramic layer is sintered on the surface of the corrosion-resistant coating, and two lubricants of graphite and molybdenum sulfide are synthesized in gaps and holes of the wear-resistant ceramic layer. The defects on the ceramic surface are blocked; and the ceramic coating is endowed with a self-lubricating function.

The invention provides an ultra-low carbon duplex stainless steel all-position welding flux-cored wire and a welding method thereof.The outer skin of the flux-cored wire is a stainless steel strip, the flux-cored wire is filled with powder, and the powder comprises, by mass, 18-25% of natural rutile, 20-30% of stainless steel powder, 20-30% of stainless steel powder, 20-30% of stainless steel powder and the balance stainless steel powder. 3-5% of sodium titanate; 5-10% of quartz sand; 0.5 to 4 percent of zircon sand; 1-3% of sodium fluoride; 15 to 25 percent of ferromolybdenum; 3-6% of nitrided ferrochrome; 2-4% of electrolytic manganese; 5-8% of nickel powder; 27 to 32 percent of metal chromium; 0.5-2% of magnesium powder; 0.5 to 1.5 percent of bismuth oxide; and 1-4% of silicon iron. The flux-cored wire is used for all-position welding of third-generation duplex stainless steel, welding spatter is small, and weld joint forming is good; the carbon content of a weld joint is extremely low, and through component and welding process control, weld joint metal has strength, plasticity, toughness and corrosion resistance equivalent to those of base metal. And the double requirements of high strength and toughness and high corrosion resistance in the manufacturing fields of submarine pipeline laying, shipbuilding, marine gas field exploitation and the like are ensured.

The invention relates to the technical field of welding materials, and particularly discloses a high-temperature-resistant flux-cored wire containing rare earth elements and a preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant flux-cored wire. The high-temperature-resistant flux-cored wire containing the rare earth elements comprises a welding wire skin and a flux core. The flux core comprises the following raw materials of dehydrated rutile, dehydrated potassium feldspar, zircon sand, metal chromium powder, metal nickel powder, electrolytic manganese, ferrotitanium, ferro-aluminum, potassium cryolite, potassium titanate, sodium titanate, fine iron powder, yttrium-based iron alloy powder, atomized ferrosilicon, nitrided ferrochrome, bismuth oxide, auxiliaries and the balance reduced iron powder. The auxiliary agent is a mixture of a zirconium-iron alloy, a titanium-iron alloy and an aluminum-magnesium alloy. A specific alloy auxiliary is introduced into the flux core to protect stable transition of rare earth yttrium, yttrium and multiple components synergistically optimize the weld joint performance, 253MA heat-resistant steel is matched, slag and electric arc regulation and control components and a reasonable process are matched, and the welding quality of the welding wire is improved.

There is provided an object holder configured to support an object, comprising a support surface having a plurality of support elements that comprise a metal-Si multilayer, metal-Ge multilayer, and / or a chromium nitride layer to provide a selectively changeable height of individual support elements via thermal treatment of the metal-Si multilayer, metal-Ge multilayer, and / or chromium nitride layer. Also provided is an object table comprising such an object holder, an apparatus for controlling the flatness of a surface comprising such an object holder, an optical element for a lithographic apparatus, an apparatus for controlling the flatness of a surface, a lithographic apparatus or tool comprising such an object holder, a method of controlling the shape of a surface, a method of manufacturing an object holder, a method of correcting the flatness of an object holder or optical element, and the use of such apparatuses or method in a lithographic apparatus or process.

A compressor of an embodiment includes a compression mechanism part that compresses a refrigerant in a sealed container. The compression mechanism part includes Cr and includes a first member and a second member which slidingly move relative to each other. The first member has a chromium layer and a nitride layer formed on a base member surface in this order. The nitride layer includes CrN and TiN. Carbide is deposited on a surface of the second member.

The invention discloses a smelting process of a nickel-chromium-iron-based alloy, which comprises the following steps of: smelting and pouring a cast ingot by adopting an EAF (Electric Arc Furnace)-LF (Ladle Furnace)-VOD (Vacuum Oxygen Decarburization) furnace-LF (Ladle Furnace)-die casting process route, carrying out VOD vacuum oxygen decarburization by utilizing coarse smelting molten steel obtained by full scrap steel smelting in the electric arc furnace, and using nitrogen in the LF furnace to replace nitrided chromium iron to increase nitrogen. The desulfurization and deoxidation control parameters of each furnace are optimized, and finally the yield of Cr is controlled to be 99% or above and the yield of C is controlled to be 0.025% or below through a VOD oxygen blowing decarburization model; according to an LF furnace nitrogen increasing model, the nitrogen content of molten steel is accurately controlled, meanwhile, oxygen in the molten steel is controlled to be 0.003% or below, other chemical components meet the standard requirements, and the problem that the nickel-chromium-iron-based alloy is smelted through an electric arc furnace, and key elements cannot be accurately controlled is solved.

A main object of the present disclosure is to provide a reflection-type optical encoder scale capable of sufficiently reducing the reflectance on a low reflection region. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing a reflection-type optical encoder scale comprising a high reflection region and a low reflection region alternately placed on a substrate, wherein the low reflection region includes a low reflection portion including a metallic chromium film formed on the substrate, and a chromium oxide film and a chromium nitride film randomly formed on the metallic chromium film; and the high reflection region has higher reflectance of incident light from opposite side to the substrate of the reflection-type optical encoder scale, than the low reflection region.

There is provided a cutting device comprising a base comprising bainite, and a multilayered coating present on the base, wherein said multilayered coating comprises several periods comprising at least two coating layers, of which at least one comprises chromium. Layers of pure chromium, chromium carbide or chromium nitride may be present. The coated cutting device has an excellent wear resistance and stay sharp properties. There is also provided a method for manufacturing such the cutting device, comprising the steps of providing a base comprising bainite and / or martensite, and forming a multilayered coating on the surface using PVD.

The invention provides a high-toughness austenitic stainless steel welding rod for 5Ni steel and a preparation method of the high-toughness austenitic stainless steel welding rod. The welding rod comprises a core wire and a coating coated on the surface of the core wire, and based on the total amount of the core wire, the core wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.09% of C, less than or equal to 0.15% of Si, 1.6-2.5% of Mn, 18.5-20.5% of Cr, 12.5-14.5% of Ni, 2.1-3.2% of Mo and 0.06-0.18% of Ti; 0.12-0.24% of Al, less than or equal to 0.007% of S, less than or equal to 0.008% of P, less than or equal to 0.006% of O, less than or equal to 0.001% of H, less than or equal to 0.012% of S + P, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities. On the basis of the total amount of the coating, the coating comprises, by mass, 28-38% of carbonate, 15-20% of fluorite, 1-3% of lithium fluoride and sodium fluoride, 8-12% of synthetic mica, 3-6% of potassium silicotitanate, 2-4% of zircon sand, 9-15% of electrolytic manganese metal, 2-4% of ferrotitanium, 2-5% of passivated nickel-magnesium alloy, 1-3% of atomized ferrosilicon, 1-3% of lanthanum cerium fluoride, 1-3% of tungsten and molybdenum, 3-5% of nitrided ferrochromium and 1-2% of CMC. The welding rod is good in all-position welding controllability, extremely low in air hole sensitivity and excellent in low-temperature toughness, and can meet the requirements for high-quality and efficient welding of 5Ni steel.

The invention discloses a pitting-corrosion-resistant nuclear-grade duplex stainless steel welding rod and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention belongs to the technical field of welding. The nuclear-grade duplex stainless steel welding rod solves the problem that nuclear-grade duplex stainless steel welding rods with excellent tensile property, impact toughness and pitting corrosion resistance are lacked in the prior art. The pitting-corrosion-resistant nuclear-grade duplex stainless steel electrode comprises the core wire and the coating coated on the outer wall of the core wire, the pitting-corrosion-resistant nuclear-grade duplex stainless steel electrode has strong desulfurization and dephosphorization capabilities, the coating has a dehydrogenation effect, the room-temperature tensile strength exceeds 690 MPa, the room-temperature percentage elongation after fracture exceeds 20%, the-40 DEG C low-temperature impact is larger than 90 J, the pitting corrosion rate is smaller than 10 mdd, nitrided ferrochrome is added into the coating, and therefore the pitting corrosion resistance of the pitting-corrosion-resistant nuclear-grade duplex stainless steel electrode is greatly improved, and the service life of the pitting-corrosion-resistant nuclear-grade duplex stainless steel electrode is prolonged. And the contents of Cr and N are increased, so that the pitting corrosion resistance index of deposited metal can be improved. The special requirements for tensile property, impact toughness and pitting corrosion resistance of the nuclear power station welding rod can be fully met, so that the nuclear power station welding rod can be applied to the fields of nuclear power station construction and the like.

The invention relates to a thin film structure, a cubic boron nitride thin film structure, a cutting tool and a manufacturing method and equipment thereof. The thin film structure comprises a preliminary bonding layer-intermediate bonding layer-NCD; wherein the primary bonding layer comprises one of CrN and TiN; the intermediate bonding layer comprises at least one of an oxide film and a nitrogen-oxygen film. The preliminary bonding layer such as chromium nitride or titanium nitride is matched with the middle bonding layer and then is combined with the nano polycrystalline diamond, so that a film formed by the nano polycrystalline diamond cannot be influenced by a cobalt element on the surface of a related tool such as a hard alloy on the premise of having the hardness of the nano polycrystalline diamond; therefore, the cobalt element on the surface of the hard alloy does not need to be removed, the process that the cobalt element on the surface of the hard alloy is removed through chemical liquid medicine is avoided on the premise that the smoothness of the surface of the tool is kept, and the method has the advantages of being simple in procedure and small in pollution.

The invention discloses an ultralow-temperature high-toughness non-magnetic steel flux-cored wire for a controllable nuclear fusion device and a preparation method of the ultralow-temperature high-toughness non-magnetic steel flux-cored wire. A special stainless steel strip is adopted to wrap a metal powder type flux core, and the flux core accounts for 29.6%-30.4% of the total mass of the flux-cored wire; the flux core comprises the following components: 14%-18% of electrolytic manganese, 21%-23% of chromium metal, 0.3%-1.0% of ferrotitanium, 4.4%-5.0% of nitrided ferrochromium, 27.5%-28.5% of nickel powder, 0.5%-1.0% of 52 # ferrosilicon, 8%-9% of molybdenum powder, 0.1%-0.3% of lithium fluoride and the balance of atomized iron powder. The problems that an existing non-magnetic steel welding material is insufficient in toughness and high in magnetic conductivity at the ultralow temperature of-269 DEG C are solved by optimizing flux-cored alloy elements of (nickel-chromium-nitrogen) synergistic stable austenite, matching with a manufacturing process of sealed baking and roller die drawing forming of powder at the temperature of 120-140 DEG C and a welding process protected by argon (Ar) with the purity of 99.999%. The AKV2 of a welded joint is larger than or equal to 34J at the temperature of-269 DEG C, the tensile strength is larger than or equal to 620 MPa, the relative permeability is smaller than or equal to 1.02, the problems that nitrogen of an existing solid welding wire is difficult to control, and hardening is easy can be solved, and the welding wire is completely matched with the extreme working condition of a controllable nuclear fusion device.

Disclosed are an aluminum nitride-reinforced aluminum matrix composite (AMC) and a preparation method thereof, relating to the technical field of metal matrix composites (MMCs). The aluminum nitride-reinforced AMC includes the following components: Si, Mg, Nb, Zr, Mo, Zn, Ta, Mn, Cu, Co, In, B, Ge, Ir, a rare earth element, Sn, nano-titanium carbide, nano-chromium nitride, an aluminum nitride nanofiber, nano-aluminum nitride, Al, meso-tetramethyl-tetra-(p-aminophenyl) calix[4] pyrrole, sodium silicate, and 1,3,5-triglycidyl-S-triazinetrione.

The invention relates to the technical field of coatings, in particular to a PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) coating process method applied to a galvanized sheet stamping die, which comprises the following steps of: pretreating the die, cleaning the surface of the die by a wet process, placing the die in a vacuum deposition cavity, vacuumizing, and heating to a preset temperature in an inert gas environment; plasma pretreatment is conducted on the surface of the mold, a high-power pulse magnetron sputtering cathode of a chromium target is selected to discharge in the argon working environment to generate plasma rich in chromium ions, and negative bias voltage is applied to the mold; starting at least one unbalanced magnetron sputtering cathode, gradually increasing the target current by the unbalanced magnetron sputtering cathode in a current ramp-up mode so as to improve the target voltage, and synchronously introducing nitrogen as a reaction gas, so that a nitride transition layer is deposited on the surface of the mold; and a high-power pulse magnetron sputtering cathode and an unbalanced magnetron sputtering cathode synchronously work on the transition layer to carry out multi-source reactive sputtering deposition, so that a multi-layer hard coating formed by alternating titanium aluminum vanadium and chromium nitride is formed. By combining the high-power pulse magnetron sputtering technology and the unbalanced magnetron sputtering technology, the problems that in the prior art, a coating is poor in adhesive force and insufficient in high temperature resistance are solved.

The invention provides a preparation method of a high-wear-resistance alloy lining plate, and relates to the technical field of wear-resistance alloys, carbon steel and pig iron are mixed, heated and melted, high-carbon ferromanganese, medium-carbon ferrochrome and ferrosilicon are added, heating refining is carried out, aluminum powder is added, the mixture is put into a mold, cooling and demolding are carried out, heating homogenization, quenching and cooling are carried out, and a mother plate is prepared; mixing bismaleimide, the composite powder and sepiolite fibers, heating and stirring, coating a mother board with the mixture, firstly applying negative pressure, then applying positive pressure, heating and cooling to obtain a substrate layer; and placing the mother board in magnetron sputtering equipment, sputtering on the substrate layer to obtain a chromium nitride functional layer, and cooling to obtain the high-wear-resistance alloy lining board. The composite powder is prepared by mixing and heating chromium carbide powder and a hydrogen peroxide solution, filtering, mixing with an ethanol solution and gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, heating, condensing and refluxing, washing and drying, and mixing and heating with amine-terminated polyether and N, N-dimethylformamide. The wear-resistant stability of the alloy lining plate can be improved.

The invention discloses a surface treatment process for improving the high-temperature wear resistance of a stirring head. The surface treatment process comprises the following steps: 1) cleaning a stirring needle and the bottom of a shaft shoulder for three times by using distilled water, and blow-drying for plating; (2) dipping a plating pen in the composite brush plating solution to carry out electroplating brush treatment on the stirring needle and the bottom surface of the shaft shoulder, wherein the thickness of a plating layer is not less than 80 microns; the composite brush plating solution comprises a nickel-cobalt plating solution, tungsten nitride, chromium nitride and composite powder, wherein the composite powder comprises metal titanium powder, tin powder and chromium powder; by adopting the composite brush plating technology, the stirring needle and the shaft shoulder bottom of the stirring head are subjected to local surface treatment, the hardness of the stirring needle and the shaft shoulder bottom subjected to brush plating is obviously improved, the room-temperature and high-temperature wear resistance is obviously improved, the service life of the stirring head is prolonged, and the production cost of an enterprise is reduced.

The invention discloses an iron-based alloy composite wear-resistant material for preparing a roller sleeve flux-cored wire, and relates to the technical field of surfacing materials, the iron-based alloy composite wear-resistant material comprises the following raw materials by mass percentage: 52-58% of high carbon ferrochrome, 1-3% of chromium nitride, 1-2% of graphite, 8-11% of aluminum powder, 0.8-1.5% of nano yttrium oxide, 1-2% of modified carbon fiber, and the balance reduced iron powder; the modified carbon fibers are cerium oxide / reduced graphene oxide composite material modified carbon fibers. The nano yttrium oxide and the modified carbon fibers are added into the iron-based alloy composite wear-resistant material for preparing the roller sleeve flux-cored wire material, so that the hardness, toughness and wear resistance of the surfacing alloy material for the roller sleeve are effectively enhanced, and the wear loss of the surfacing alloy for the roller sleeve is remarkably reduced.

A main object of the present disclosure is to provide a reflection-type optical encoder scale capable of sufficiently reducing the reflectance on a low reflection region. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing a reflection-type optical encoder scale comprising a high reflection region and a low reflection region alternately placed on a substrate, wherein the low reflection region includes a low reflection portion including a metallic chromium film formed on the substrate, and a chromium oxide film and a chromium nitride film randomly formed on the metallic chromium film; and the high reflection region has higher reflectance of incident light from opposite side to the substrate of the reflection-type optical encoder scale, than the low reflection region.

The utility model discloses a novel high-strength plastic film, which consists of a multi-layer structure and comprises a polyethylene glycol terephthalate polymer layer, a carbon fiber composite material layer and a polyethylene layer which are tightly combined through a polyester adhesive layer. The thickness of the polyethylene glycol terephthalate polymer layer is 50-200 microns, the thickness of the carbon fiber composite material layer is 20-100 microns, and the thickness of the polyester adhesive layer is 1-10 microns. In addition, a metal ceramic coating is further arranged between the carbon fiber composite material layer and the bonding layer, the coating can be a titanium carbonitride layer or a chromium nitride layer, and the thickness of the coating is 10-50 micrometers. The plastic film with the multi-layer structure has excellent hardness and wear resistance, and is suitable for the fields of packaging, buildings, automotive trim, electronic product protective films and the like. By controlling the material and thickness of each layer, a high-performance and high-strength plastic film solution is provided.

The application relates to the technical field of welding materials, and particularly discloses a high-temperature-resistant flux-cored wire containing rare earth elements and a preparation method thereof. The high-temperature-resistant flux-cored wire containing rare earth elements comprises a wire sheath and a core; the core comprises the following raw materials: dehydrated rutile, dehydrated potassium feldspar, zircon sand, metal chromium powder, metal nickel powder, electrolytic manganese, ferrotitanium, aluminiferous iron, potassium cryolite, potassium titanate, sodium titanate, iron powder, yttrium-based iron alloy powder, atomized ferrosilicon, chromium-iron nitride, bismuth oxide, an additive, and the balance of reduced iron powder; the additive is a mixture of zirconium-iron alloy, ferrotitanium alloy and aluminum-magnesium alloy. The application introduces a specific alloy additive into the core to protect the transition of the rare earth yttrium, optimizes the welding performance of the yttrium and multiple components in cooperation, matches the 253MA heat-resistant steel, adjusts the components of the molten slag and the electric arc, and reasonably processes the technology, so that the welding quality of the wire is improved.

One aspect of the present invention is a layered film–coated glass plate (100) that includes: a glass plate (10) that has a first principal surface (11) and a second principal surface (12); and a layered film (20) that is on the first principal surface (11). The layered film (20) has, in order from the first principal surface (11) side, a first dielectric layer (21), a first functional layer (22), a second dielectric layer (23), a second functional layer (24), and a third dielectric layer (25). The first functional layer (22) and the second functional layer (24) contain at least one of titanium nitride, chromium nitride, zirconium nitride, and tantalum nitride, and the first dielectric layer (21), the second dielectric layer (23), and the third dielectric layer (25) contain silicon nitride or aluminum nitride. The first dielectric layer (21) has a film thickness of 60–150 nm and a visible light transmittance of no more than 8%. The visible light transmittance on the second principal surface (12) side is no more than 35%.

The present invention discloses a molybdenum-containing heat-conducting austenitic manganese steel and a preparation method thereof, which relates to the technical field of molybdenum-containing manganese steel and comprises the following processes: mixing pig iron and pure iron and melting them; adding ferrochrome, ferromanganese, ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, ferroniobium and chromium nitride, and continuing to melt to form molten steel; discharging the furnace and casting to obtain a blank; and performing heat treatment to obtain austenitic manganese steel. By adding element molybdenum to the manganese steel, carbides are formed with carbon in the manganese steel and are dispersed in the steel, which can optimize the morphology and distribution of carbides in the austenitic manganese steel, reduce defects in the manganese steel, and inhibit dislocation movement, which helps to improve the thermal conductivity of the manganese steel; at the same time, solute atoms around it are depleted, which can further improve its thermal conductivity.

The invention discloses a low-cost high-toughness pitting-resistant stainless steel powder-cored wire and a cladding layer and application thereof.The cladding layer is made of the low-cost high-toughness pitting-resistant stainless steel powder-cored wire, the powder-cored wire comprises a steel belt skin and a powder core material, and the powder core material comprises, by mass, 30%-35% of manganese powder, 20%-25% of high-carbon ferrochrome, 5%-10% of iron powder, 5%-10% of iron powder, 5%-10% of iron powder, 5%-10% of iron powder and the balance iron powder. The material comprises, by mass, 1%-2% of nickel powder, 16%-23% of ferromolybdenum, 0.5%-1% of ferrosilicon, 14.5%-22% of nitrided ferrochrome and the balance atomized iron powder, and the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100%. According to the cladding layer, the cladding layer has a Cr-Mn sequential double passivation corrosion mechanism through component regulation and control, the pitting corrosion resistance is good, meanwhile, it is guaranteed that the cladding layer has good mechanical performance, and the preparation cost is greatly reduced; the welding wire is free of splashing in the cladding process, a prepared cladding layer and a base material have a good combination effect, forming is attractive, the surface is free of defects such as air holes, and the interior is free of air holes after polishing.

There is provided an object holder configured to support an object, the object holder comprising a support surface having a plurality of support elements, the support elements comprising a metal-Si multilayer, a metal-Ge multilayer, and / or a chromium nitride layer, the metal-Si multilayer, the metal-Ge multilayer, and / or the chromium nitride layer are thermally treated to provide a selectively alterable height of the respective support elements, via a thermal treatment of the metal-Si multilayer, the metal-Ge multilayer, and / or the chromium nitride layer. Also provided are a stage comprising such an object holder, an apparatus for controlling the flatness of a surface comprising such an object holder, an optical element for a lithographic apparatus, an apparatus for controlling the flatness of a surface, a lithographic apparatus or tool comprising such an object holder, and a method of manufacturing the same. A method of controlling the shape of a surface, a method of manufacturing an object holder, a method of correcting the flatness of an object holder or an optical element, and the use of such an apparatus or method in a lithographic apparatus or process.

The invention relates to a high-temperature-resistant welding wire and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of welding materials, and the high-temperature-resistant welding wire comprises an outer skin and a flux core; the flux core comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of chromium nitride, 5-10 parts of zirconium boride, 60-75 parts of iron, 1-5 parts of holmium, 0.2-0.5 part of calcium oxide and 0.3-0.6 part of fluorite. On the basis of an existing high-temperature-resistant welding wire, a proper amount of holmium and zirconium boride are introduced, the high temperature resistance and other performance of the high-temperature-resistant welding wire are improved through the combined action of all the components, the hardness of the obtained high-temperature-resistant welding wire can be maintained at 720-840 HV at the temperature of 700 DEG C, the use requirement in the high-temperature environment can be met, and the defects in the prior art are overcome.

The invention discloses a high-strength stainless steel, a manufacturing method and a system thereof, and relates to the technical field of stainless steel manufacturing, comprising the following steps: S1: raw material mixing, S2: pressure forming, S3: preheating and conveying, S4: sintering and forming, and S5: cooling post-processing. A sintering control component is installed on the top surface of a base, an electric heating pipe is inlaid on one end of a baffle frame, an air cooling pipe is welded through a first sealed box aligned with the electric heating pipe, a water cooling pipe is installed through a side of a second sealed box aligned with the air cooling pipe, and a conveying and heat preservation component is installed on one side of the base. In the sintering process of the invention, nitrogen is fed into a three-way nitrogen pipe and sprayed to a wheel fan box position close to a hollow round box, the nitrogen will push the wheel fan box to rotate the hollow round box, and then drive the tray to do a circular motion. The moving workpiece makes the sintering temperature of the workpiece on the tray more uniform, and generates chromium nitride with higher strength on the outside of the sintered part to improve the strength of the workpiece, so as to achieve a better sintering effect.

To provide a selective orientational electrode thin film, and a manufacturing method thereof.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to a thin film manufacturing technique field. A thin film includes a silicon substrate, and a first seed layer, a second seed layer and a lower electrode layer sequentially grown on the silicon substrate. The first seed layer is an AxB1-xN thin film, where A=Cu, Fe, B=Pd, Pt, and 0<x<1. One or more kinds of thin films among a chromium nitride thin film, a titanium nitride thin film, a tantalum nitride thin film and a magnesium oxide thin film are used for the second seed layer. One or more kinds of thin films among a platinum thin film, a titanium nitride thin film, a gold thin film, a ruthenium thin film and a niobium-doped strontium titanate thin film are used for a lower electrode thin film. They have a selective orientation in a (001) crystal direction, thereby solving such a problem that a conventional silicon substrate cannot acquire a (001) selective orientation thin film.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The present application relates to a kind of metal surface high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant composite strengthening layer and preparation method thereof, the composite strengthening layer is composed of bearing layer, transition layer, functional layer, bearing layer is nitriding layer, transition layer is oxygen permeation layer, functional layer is nanocomposite ceramic layer, bearing layer preparation method is ion nitriding, thickness is 20 μm~300 μm;Transition layer thickness is 1 μm~3 μm, is prepared by three-stage ion oxygen permeation;Functional layer preparation method is the composite layer of vacuum ion deposition chromium nitride layer and multinary nitride layer.The composite strengthening layer of the present application is small, and the organization structure is dense, and the combination strength is high, and the surface hardness is high, and the friction coefficient is small, the composite strengthening layer combines the performance advantage of single strengthening layer, that is, it has better wear resistance, and it also has better corrosion resistance, especially improves the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of part in service condition, especially suitable for the sealing surface strengthening of chemical ball valve.