Water conservancy and hydropower engineering slope protection device and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of slope protection, and discloses a water conservancy and hydropower engineering slope protection device and a construction method.The protection device comprises an inverted filter buffer layer and a modular surface layer assembly which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and the modular surface layer assembly is formed by connecting a plurality of protection panel units through mechanical hinge mechanisms; an anchoring hole is formed in each protection panel unit, each protection panel unit comprises an anchor rod, and the anchor rods sequentially penetrate through the anchoring holes and the inverted filter buffer layer and then are anchored in the slope body; the end, located above the protection panel unit, of the anchor rod is sleeved with a pre-pressing assembly, and the pre-pressing assembly provides continuous vertically-downward pre-pressing force for the protection panel unit. Through the layered composite structure design, multiple functions are organically integrated, an efficient and synergistic protection system is formed, the core problem that a rigid structure is prone to cracking and fracture due to foundation deformation is solved, and the defects that a flexible structure is poor in impact resistance and prone to chain failure are overcome.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of slope protection, in particular to a slope protection device for water conservancy and hydropower engineering and a construction method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the construction of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, the stability of the surrounding slope of key structures such as reservoir dams, spillways, diversion channels and power plant buildings is of great importance. These slopes usually have the characteristics of high and long slope height, complex geological conditions, and are dynamically affected by adverse environments such as frequent changes in reservoir water level, wave erosion, rain erosion, freeze-thaw cycle, etc. Once unstable, it will directly threaten the safety and normal operation of the underlying main structure, with disastrous consequences.

[0003] At present, although there are many slope protection technologies applied to such projects, there are still the following limitations: the existing whole rigid structure has a static combination with the slope surface. When the foundation soil body is unevenly settled, slips or hollowed out due to water level changes or rainfall, huge concentrated stress will be generated inside the structure, which is prone to cracking and breaking, thereby losing the protection effect. Repairing is difficult and often requires complete reconstruction, which is costly. Some use flexible protection structures, such as gabion nets, which may be hollowed out when dealing with the continuous scouring and frontal impact of reservoir waves, leading to a chain failure of the overall structure. The uneven surface roughness of the gabion net aggravates water flow turbulence and increases local scouring. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a slope protection device for water conservancy and hydropower engineering and a construction method to solve the problems raised in the background.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solution: a slope protection device for water conservancy and hydropower engineering, comprising a filter buffer layer and a modular surface layer assembly arranged in sequence from bottom to top, the modular surface layer assembly being composed of a plurality of protection panel units connected to each other by a mechanical hinge mechanism; Each of the protection panel units is provided with an anchoring hole, and the protection panel unit comprises an anchor rod which is anchored in the interior of the slope after passing through the anchoring hole and the filter buffer layer in sequence; The end of the anchor rod above the protection panel unit is sleeved with a pre-pressing assembly, which provides a continuous vertical downward pre-pressing force to the protection panel unit.

[0006] Preferably, the mechanical hinge mechanism comprises a male hinge piece, a female hinge piece and a hinge pin shaft, the male hinge piece is arranged on the first side edge of the protection panel unit, and the male hinge piece is a hinge lug plate with a pin hole protruding outward; The female hinge is arranged on the second side edge adjacent to the first side edge of the protective panel unit, is inwardly recessed, and is a clamping groove that is engaged with the male hinge of the adjacent panel unit, and a pin hole is arranged in the clamping groove; The hinge pin is inserted through the pin holes of the engaged male hinge and female hinge, so as to realize the hinge connection of the two adjacent protective panel units.

[0007] Preferably, a gap is arranged between the hinge lug of the male hinge and the clamping groove of the female hinge, so that the relative rotation between the adjacent protective panel units is limited within a certain range.

[0008] Preferably, an elastic buffer assembly is arranged on the water-facing side wall of the protective panel unit, the elastic buffer assembly comprises a seat body, a guide rod is arranged in a groove on the seat body, a moving block is slidably sleeved on the guide rod, a spring is sleeved on the guide rod, a connecting rod is hingedly connected to one side of the moving block, and a wave absorbing plate is hingedly connected between the two connecting rods.

[0009] Preferably, a drainage guide groove is arranged in the protective panel unit, the drainage guide groove is communicated with the joint of the protective panel unit, a circular filter screen is embedded at the inlet of the drainage guide groove, the anchor hole is a conical countersunk hole, and the large-diameter end of the conical countersunk hole is upward and the small-diameter end is downward.

[0010] Preferably, the pre-pressing assembly comprises a pressure conduction gasket, a disc spring group, and an adjusting nut, and the lower surface of the pressure conduction gasket is attached to the inner tapered surface of the conical countersunk hole.

[0011] Preferably, the disc spring group is composed of a plurality of coaxially connected disc springs, the lower end of the disc spring group is in contact with the pressure conduction gasket, the adjusting nut is matched with the external thread at the top end of the anchor rod, and the adjusting nut is tightened to compress the disc spring group and generate a pre-pressing force. The pre-pressing assembly is externally provided with a protective cover which is fixed on the surface of the protective panel unit by bolts.

[0012] Preferably, the filter buffer layer comprises, from bottom to top, a geocell layer, a graded gravel layer, and a geotextile filter layer, the geocell layer is fixed on the slope surface by U-shaped positioning nails, the graded gravel layer is filled in the mesh of the geocell layer, the geotextile filter layer is laid on the upper part of the graded gravel layer, and a counterweight block is placed in each unit cell of the geocell layer.

[0013] Preferably, the protective panel unit is a rectangular plate made of high-strength alloy steel, and a reinforcing rib is stamped on the plate body of the protective panel unit, the anchor rod is a hollow anchor rod, a grouting hole is formed in the rod body of the anchor rod, and an anchor segment enlarged head is arranged at the end of the anchor rod.

[0014] The construction method of the slope protection device for water conservancy and hydropower engineering is applied to the slope protection device for water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and the construction method comprises the following steps: S1: using excavators, bulldozers to preliminarily trim the slope; S2: first unfolding and fixing the geocell layer, then filling the graded gravel layer into the geocell, and finally laying the geotextile filter layer; S3: installing the modular surface layer system, using the slope hoisting equipment to hoist the protective panel units to the slope surface from top to bottom, and connecting them into a whole through the mechanical hinging mechanism; S4: using the drill with the positioning guide frame to drill downward to the designed depth through the anchoring hole on the protective panel unit, inserting the anchor rod and performing grouting anchoring; S5: sequentially installing the pressure transmission gasket and the disc spring set on the top end of the anchor rod, and finally tightening the pre-tightening force adjusting nut to the designed torque, so that the pre-pressing assembly generates the designed pre-pressing force; S6: repeating steps S3 to S5 until the protective construction of the whole slope surface is completed.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are: 1. The present application integrates multiple functions through the layered composite structure design, forming an efficient and collaborative protection system. The anti-filtration buffer layer is composed of the geocell layer, the graded gravel layer and the geotextile filter layer. The geotextile filter layer can effectively prevent the loss of fine-grained soil in the slope body and prevent the inside from being hollowed out, while allowing water to flow smoothly. Together with the voids of the graded gravel layer, it forms a drainage channel, combined with the drainage guide groove and the circular filter screen inside the panel, to build a complete drainage path from the inside of the slope body to the surface of the panel, timely draining the seepage water and reducing the hydrostatic pressure on the back of the panel, ensuring the stability of the structure.

[0016] 2. The present application connects adjacent protective panel units by setting male hinging pieces, female hinging pieces and hinging pin shafts, and leaving a gap between the hinging lug plate and the clamping groove, so that the entire surface layer can be connected into a whole, and also allows adjacent panels to rotate relatively within a limited range. When the slope body deforms slightly due to changes in water level, earthquakes or seepage, the surface layer can adjust its shape accordingly and actively release the internal stress of the structure, fundamentally avoiding the risk of cracking and breaking.

[0017] 3. The present application is made of high-strength alloy steel and has reinforcing ribs, which has extremely high stiffness and anti-deformation ability, can directly withstand and disperse the impact force of waves, ice floes and hydrostatic pressure, and converts the concentrated load into uniformly distributed load to transfer to the lower layer, effectively resisting external strong impact, and the elastic buffer assembly reduces the direct impact of water flow on the protective surface layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the slope protection device of the present application.

[0019] Figure 2The structural schematic diagram of the anti-filtering buffer layer of the present application.

[0020] Figure 3 The structural schematic diagram of the inside of the geocell layer of the present application.

[0021] Figure 4 The structural schematic diagram of the reinforcing rib and anchor rod of the present application.

[0022] Figure 5 The structural schematic diagram of the wave-damping plate of the present application.

[0023] Figure 6 The structural schematic diagram of the mechanical hinge of the present application.

[0024] Figure 7 The structural schematic diagram of the elastic buffer assembly of the present application.

[0025] Figure 8 The structural schematic diagram of the pre-pressing assembly of the present application.

[0026] Figure 9 The structural schematic diagram of the drainage guide channel of the present application.

[0027] Figure 10 The structural schematic diagram of the pin shaft hole and gap of the present application.

[0028] In the figure: 1-anti-filtering buffer layer, 11-geocell layer, 12-U-shaped positioning nail, 13-graded gravel layer, 14-geotextile filter layer, 15-weight block, 2-modular surface layer assembly, 21-protection panel unit, 22-anchoring hole, 23-reinforcing rib, 24-male hinge, 25-pin shaft hole, 26-female hinge, 27-hinge pin shaft, 28-gap, 3-anchor rod, 31-grouting hole, 32-anchoring section enlarged head, 4-pre-pressing assembly, 41-pressure conduction gasket, 42-disc spring group, 43-adjusting nut, 44-protection cover, 5-wave-damping plate, 51-elastic buffer assembly, 52-guide rod, 53-moving block, 54-spring, 55-connecting rod, 6-drainage guide channel, 61-circular filter screen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0030] Please refer to Figure 1The application provides a technical scheme: the water conservancy and hydropower engineering slope protection device provided by the embodiment of the application comprises a filter cushion layer 1 and a modular surface layer assembly 2 which are sequentially laid on the surface of a slope from bottom to top.

[0031] As Figure 2 and Figure 3 The filter cushion layer 1 comprises a geocell layer 11 fixed on the slope surface by U-shaped positioning nails 12 from bottom to top, the geocell layer 11 is made of high-strength HDPE material, each unit cell of the geocell layer 11 is filled with a graded gravel layer 13, and a counterweight 15 is arranged in the middle of each unit cell, the counterweight 15 is a C25 plain concrete prefabricated block, and is used to enhance the overall anti-floating and anti-sliding stability; a geotextile filter layer 14 is laid above the graded gravel layer 13, and is used to prevent soil particles from flowing away while ensuring that water can smoothly infiltrate, the filter cushion layer 1 jointly acts, disperses the slope surface stress, effectively buffers external load impact, and realizes the reverse filtration drainage function.

[0032] The filter cushion layer 1 is the basis of the entire protection structure, is first laid on the slope surface after being trimmed, the geocell layer 11 is fixed on the slope surface by the U-shaped positioning nails 12, the dispersed slope soil is constrained in each unit cell, the counterweight 15 in the unit cell increases the overall weight of the layer, greatly improves the ability to resist seepage pressure when the water level drops and the anti-sliding stability; when external loads such as wave impact force and rainwater erosion are transmitted to the layer, the graded gravel layer 13 with high shear strength serves as the main bearing layer, can quickly disperse the concentrated load to a larger slope surface area, avoids that the stress concentration directly acts on the soil slope, and thus plays an effective buffering role.

[0033] When the water level in the slope body rises, the seepage water flows outward, the geotextile filter layer 14 allows the water flow to pass freely, but effectively prevents the fine-grained soil in the slope body from flowing away with the water flow, prevents the slope body from being hollowed out, and after the seepage water passes through the geotextile, enters the gap of the graded gravel layer 13, and provides a channel for subsequent discharge.

[0034] As Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, each protective panel unit 21 in the modular facing assembly 2 is a rectangular plate made of high-strength alloy steel, and a reinforcing rib 23 is punched on the plate body to improve the stiffness and deformation resistance of the panel. An anchoring hole 22 is formed on each protective panel unit 21, which is a tapered countersunk hole with a large diameter upward and a small diameter downward. A drainage guide groove 6 is also provided inside the protective panel unit 21, which is communicated with the joint between the panel and the drainage guide groove 6, and a circular filter screen 61 is embedded at the inlet of the drainage guide groove 6 to filter impurities and prevent clogging, so that the water seeping behind the panel can be smoothly discharged.

[0035] The adjacent protective panel units 21 are connected by a mechanical hinge mechanism, which includes a male hinge 24, a female hinge 26 and a hinge pin 27.

[0036] The male hinge 24 is provided on the first side edge of the protective panel unit 21, which is an outwardly protruding hinge lug plate with a pin hole 25. The female hinge 26 is provided on the second side edge adjacent to the first side edge, which is an inwardly recessed clamping groove that can be engaged with the male hinge 24 of the adjacent panel. The clamping groove also has a pin hole 25 inside.

[0037] As Figure 6 and Figure 10 The hinge pin 27 penetrates the pin holes 25 of the male hinge 24 and the female hinge 26 engaged with each other, thereby realizing the hinge connection of the two adjacent protective panel units 21. In particular, a gap 28 is reserved between the hinge lug plate of the male hinge 24 and the clamping groove of the female hinge 26, so that the relative rotation within a limited range between the adjacent panel units can occur, thereby adapting to the uneven settlement and deformation of the slope body and avoiding the concentration of stress inside the structure.

[0038] Each protective panel unit 21 is anchored inside the slope body by an anchor rod 3, which is a hollow anchor rod with a grouting hole 31 formed on the rod body and an anchoring segment enlarged head 32 at the end. The anchor rod 3 is anchored into the slope body after passing through the anchoring hole 22 on the protective panel unit 21 and the filter buffer layer 1 in sequence, and pressure grouting is performed through the grouting hole 31 to ensure the anchoring reliability. The design uplift capacity of the anchor rod 3 is not less than 150 kN, and the anchoring length is determined according to the geological conditions.

[0039] The protective panel unit 21 is made of high-strength alloy steel and has a reinforcing rib 23, which has sufficient stiffness to directly bear and disperse the impact force and static water pressure of waves, ice floes and other forces, and to convert the concentrated load received into uniform load and transmit it downward to the filter buffer layer 1.

[0040] All panels are connected into a single surface layer by a mechanical hinge mechanism, but it is not completely rigid. When the slope experiences uneven settlement or slight slippage due to water level changes, earthquakes, or internal seepage, the slope shape will change. At this time, the gap 28 set between the male hinge 24 and the female hinge 26 allows relative rotation between adjacent protective panel units 21 within a limited range. The entire surface layer can make slight shape adjustments with the deformation of the slope while maintaining its own structural integrity, thereby releasing the huge concentrated stress generated by the constraint deformation inside the structure and completely avoiding the risk of cracking and breaking of traditional integral rigid structures.

[0041] like Figure 9 After the slope seepage water passes through the reverse filter buffer layer 1, it will accumulate on the back of the panel. The drainage channel 6 set inside the panel is connected to the joint, providing a dedicated discharge path for this seepage water. After the water flows through the circular filter screen 61 at the inlet, it is discharged from the panel joint along the drainage channel 6, and will not form hydrostatic pressure that is detrimental to the panel behind the panel.

[0042] like Figure 1 and Figure 8 An anchor rod 3 is fitted with a pre-tightening assembly 4 at one end above the protective panel unit 21. The pre-tightening assembly 4 includes a pressure transmission pad 41, a disc spring assembly 42, and an adjusting nut 43.

[0043] The lower surface of the pressure transmission pad 41 is in contact with the inner conical surface of the conical countersunk hole on the protective panel unit 21; the disc spring assembly 42 is composed of multiple disc springs connected in series on the same axis, and its lower end is in contact with the pressure transmission pad 41; the adjusting nut 43 is engaged with the external thread at the top of the anchor rod 3.

[0044] By tightening the adjusting nut 43, the disc spring assembly 42 is compressed, thereby generating a continuous vertical downward pre-compression force, which presses the protective panel unit 21 tightly onto the filter buffer layer 1, ensuring a tight bond between the surface layer and the slope. A protective cover 44 is also provided on the outside of the pre-compression assembly 4. The protective cover 44 is fixed to the surface of the protective panel unit 21 by bolts to protect the internal components from environmental influences.

[0045] The hollow anchor rod 3 is inserted deep into the slope. The enlarged anchor section 32 at its end and the cement grout injected through the grouting hole 31 make it firmly bonded to the stable rock and soil, providing strong anchoring force to resist the outward slippage and overturning tendency of the surface layer.

[0046] The core of the pre-pressing assembly 4 is a disc spring group 42, which is compressed by rotating the adjusting nut 43 during installation, and generates a strong springback force after being compressed. This springback force continuously applies a vertical slope downward pressing force to the protective panel unit 21 through the pressure conducting washer 41, which tightly presses the panel on the anti-filtration cushion layer 1, ensures that the load can be effectively transmitted downward, and avoids impact damage caused by separation between the two; even if the anti-filtration cushion layer 1 or the slope surface is slightly compressed and thinned due to erosion and settlement in the future long-term operation, the elastic deformation characteristics of the disc spring group 42 allow it to elongate within a certain range, but still maintain sufficient pressing force to ensure that the entire protection system is always in a tightly fitted state, solving the problem of failure of traditional rigid anchoring due to foundation deformation, and the protective cover 44 protects this precise adjustment mechanism from sand, water erosion and corrosion.

[0047] As Figure 5 and Figure 7 An elastic buffer assembly 51 is also provided on the water-facing side wall of the protective panel unit 21, which includes a seat body fixed to the panel, a guide rod 52 installed in the groove on the seat body, a moving block 53 slidingly sleeved on the guide rod 52, and a spring 54 sleeved on the guide rod 52. The spring 54 is a stainless steel spring, and its model can be selected according to the actual working conditions.

[0048] One side of the moving block 53 is hinged with a connecting rod 55, and the two connecting rods 55 are jointly hinged with a wave absorbing plate 5. When the wave impacts the wave absorbing plate 5, the impact force pushes the moving block 53 to slide along the guide rod 52 and compresses the spring 54, the spring 54 absorbs the impact energy and dissipates the wave force through elastic reset, thereby effectively reducing the direct impact of the water flow on the protective layer.

[0049] A construction method of a slope protection device for water conservancy and hydropower engineering, the construction method is applied to the slope protection device for water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and the construction method comprises the following steps: S1: slope trimming, using excavators and bulldozers to preliminarily trim the slope, removing loose bodies on the surface, so that the flatness error of the slope is controlled within ±50mm, for soil slopes, the slope is cut according to the designed slope ratio; for rock slopes, remove surface dangerous rocks and loose rock blocks, after trimming, use a smooth surface roller compactor to compact the slope, and the compaction degree is not less than 93%; S2: Construction of the anti-filter buffer layer 1, first arrange the U-shaped positioning nails 12 at the designed positions, use the handheld impact drill to make holes, inject the cement mortar and then insert the U-shaped positioning nails 12, then unfold the geocell layer 11, the direction of the geocell laying is perpendicular to the water flow direction, use manual tension and fix it on the U-shaped positioning nails 12 with the U-shaped clamps, then fill the graded gravel layer 13 into the geocell layer by layers, use the flat vibrator to vibrate and compact, the compaction degree reaches more than 95%, finally lay the geotextile filter layer 14, keep it flat and wrinkle-free during laying, and sew it with nylon thread; S3: Installation of the modular surface layer, use the slope hoisting equipment, use the special lifting appliance to hoist the protective panel unit 21 to the slope from top to bottom, during installation, first place the first panel, then install the adjacent panels in sequence, connect them into a whole through the mechanical hinged mechanism, during connection, first insert the male hinge 24 into the clamping groove of the female hinge 26, insert the hinge pin 27 after aligning the pin hole 25, finally install the split pin, after placing the panel, use the temporary support to fix it, ensure the installation position is accurate; S4: Installation and grouting of the anchor rod, use the drill with the positioning guide frame, adjust the angle after placing the drill, make the drill rod perpendicular to the slope, drill down through the anchor hole 22 on the protective panel unit 21 to the designed depth, clean the hole after drilling, then insert the prefabricated anchor rod 3, before inserting the anchor rod 3, bind the grouting pipe according to the design requirements, use the hole bottom grouting method for grouting, slowly lift the grouting pipe until the whole anchor hole is filled with grout when the grout overflows from the hole, do not disturb the anchor rod within 24 hours after grouting is completed; S5: Install the pressure conduction gasket 41 and the disc spring group 42 on the top of the anchor rod 3 in sequence, finally tighten the pre-tightening force adjusting nut 43 to the designed torque, make the pre-pressing assembly 4 generate the designed pre-pressing force; S6: Installation of the pre-pressing assembly, install the pressure conduction gasket 41 and the disc spring group 42 on the top of the anchor rod 3 in sequence, finally tighten the pre-tightening force adjusting nut 43, use the torque wrench to apply the pre-tightening force in stages according to the designed torque value, the designed torque is determined according to the pre-tightening force requirements, after the pre-tightening force is applied, install the protective cover 44 and fasten it with bolts; S7: Installation of the elastic buffer assembly 51, position the seat body at the designed position, drill and tap holes on the panel, fix the seat body with bolts, then install the guide rod 52, the moving block 53 and the spring 54, check the free height and the stiffness coefficient before installing the spring, install it only after meeting the design requirements, finally install the connecting rod 55 and the wave absorbing plate 5, inject lithium-based lubricating grease into all the hinge points, after installation is completed, check whether the movement of each part is flexible and whether there is jamming phenomenon; S8: Repeat steps S3 to S6 until the entire slope protection construction is completed.

[0050] While embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the embodiments described are merely exemplary of the principles and application of the present application. Numerous modifications and adaptions can be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, which is not limited to the exact construction and arrangement described. It is intended, therefore, to cover all modifications and adaptions that fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A slope protection device for water conservancy and hydropower projects, characterized in that: The protective device includes a filter buffer layer and a modular surface layer assembly arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The modular surface layer assembly is composed of multiple protective panel units connected to each other by a mechanical hinge mechanism. Each of the protective panel units is provided with anchoring holes, and the protective panel unit includes anchor rods. The anchor rods pass through the anchoring holes and the reverse filter buffer layer in sequence and are then anchored inside the slope. The anchor rod is fitted with a pre-tightening component at one end above the protective panel unit, and the pre-tightening component provides a continuous vertical downward pre-tightening force to the protective panel unit.

2. The slope protection device for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mechanical hinge mechanism includes a male hinge, a female hinge, and a hinge pin. The male hinge is located on the first side of the protective panel unit and is an outwardly protruding hinge ear plate with a pin hole. The female hinge is located on the second side of the protective panel unit adjacent to the first side. The female hinge is a recessed groove that engages with the male hinge of the adjacent panel unit. A pin hole is provided inside the groove. The hinge pin passes through the pin holes of the interlocking male and female hinge components, realizing the hinge connection between two adjacent protective panel units.

3. The slope protection device for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 2, characterized in that: A gap is provided between the hinge lug of the male hinge member and the slot of the female hinge member, so that relative rotation can occur between adjacent protective panel units within a limited range.

4. The slope protection device for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: An elastic buffer assembly is provided on the water-facing side wall of the protective panel unit. The elastic buffer assembly includes a base, a guide rod is provided in a groove on the base, a movable block is slidably sleeved on the guide rod, a spring is sleeved on the guide rod, a connecting rod is hinged to one side of the movable block, and a wave-damping plate is hinged between the two connecting rods.

5. A slope protection device for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective panel unit is equipped with a drainage channel inside, which is connected to the joint of the protective panel unit. A circular filter screen is embedded at the entrance of the drainage channel. The anchoring hole is a conical countersunk hole with the larger diameter facing up and the smaller diameter facing down.

6. A slope protection device for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-tightening assembly includes a pressure transmission pad, a disc spring assembly, and an adjusting nut. The lower surface of the pressure transmission pad is in contact with the inner conical surface of the conical countersunk hole.

7. A slope protection device for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 6, characterized in that: The disc spring assembly is composed of multiple disc springs connected in series on the same axis. The lower end of the disc spring assembly is in contact with the pressure transmission pad. The adjusting nut is engaged with the external thread at the top of the anchor rod. Tightening the adjusting nut compresses the disc spring assembly to generate a pre-compression force. The pre-compression assembly is equipped with a protective cover, which is fixed to the surface of the protective panel unit by bolts.

8. A slope protection device for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reverse filter buffer layer includes, from bottom to top, a geocell layer, a graded crushed stone layer, and a geotextile filter layer. The geocell layer is fixed to the slope surface by U-shaped positioning nails. The geocell layer is filled with a graded crushed stone layer, and a geotextile filter layer is laid on top of the graded crushed stone layer. A counterweight is placed in each cell of the geocell layer.

9. A slope protection device for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective panel unit is a rectangular plate made of high-strength alloy steel. The plate body of the protective panel unit is stamped with reinforcing ribs. The anchor rod is a hollow anchor rod with grouting holes on the rod body and an enlarged anchoring section at the end of the anchor rod.

10. A construction method for a slope protection device in a water conservancy and hydropower project, characterized in that: This construction method is applied to the slope protection device for water conservancy and hydropower projects as described in any one of claims 1-9. The construction method includes the following steps: S1: Use excavators and bulldozers to perform preliminary slope trimming; S2: First, unfold and fix the geocell layer, then fill the cell with a layer of graded crushed stone, and finally lay the geotextile filter layer. S3: Install the modular surface layer system, use slope hoisting equipment to hoist the protective panel units one by one to the slope from top to bottom, and connect them into a whole through mechanical hinge mechanism; S4: Using a drilling rig with a positioning guide frame, drill down through the anchoring holes on the protective panel unit to the design depth, insert the anchor rod, and perform grouting anchoring; S5: Install the pressure transmission pad and disc spring assembly in sequence at the top of the anchor bolt, and finally tighten the preload adjusting nut to the design torque so that the preload assembly generates the design preload force; S6: Repeat steps S3 to S5 until the protection construction of the entire slope is completed.

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